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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import logging
      4import re
      5import typing as t
      6
      7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      8from sqlglot._typing import E
      9from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
     10    Dialect,
     11    datestrtodate_sql,
     12    format_time_lambda,
     13    inline_array_sql,
     14    max_or_greatest,
     15    min_or_least,
     16    no_ilike_sql,
     17    parse_date_delta_with_interval,
     18    regexp_replace_sql,
     19    rename_func,
     20    timestrtotime_sql,
     21    ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
     22)
     23from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
     24from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     25
     26logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
     27
     28
     29def _date_add_sql(
     30    data_type: str, kind: str
     31) -> t.Callable[[generator.Generator, exp.Expression], str]:
     32    def func(self, expression):
     33        this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     34        unit = expression.args.get("unit")
     35        unit = exp.var(unit.name.upper() if unit else "DAY")
     36        interval = exp.Interval(this=expression.expression, unit=unit)
     37        return f"{data_type}_{kind}({this}, {self.sql(interval)})"
     38
     39    return func
     40
     41
     42def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
     43    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
     44        return self.values_sql(expression)
     45
     46    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
     47
     48    structs = [
     49        exp.Struct(
     50            expressions=[
     51                exp.alias_(value, column_name)
     52                for value, column_name in zip(
     53                    t.expressions,
     54                    alias.columns
     55                    if alias and alias.columns
     56                    else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(t.expressions))),
     57                )
     58            ]
     59        )
     60        for t in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple)
     61    ]
     62
     63    return self.unnest_sql(exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.Array(expressions=structs)]))
     64
     65
     66def _returnsproperty_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
     67    this = expression.this
     68    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
     69        this = f"{this.this} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
     70    else:
     71        this = self.sql(this)
     72    return f"RETURNS {this}"
     73
     74
     75def _create_sql(self: generator.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
     76    kind = expression.args["kind"]
     77    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
     78    if kind.upper() == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
     79        expression = expression.copy()
     80        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
     81        if isinstance(
     82            expression.expression,
     83            (
     84                exp.Subquery,
     85                exp.Literal,
     86            ),
     87        ):
     88            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
     89
     90        return self.create_sql(expression)
     91
     92    return self.create_sql(expression)
     93
     94
     95def _unqualify_unnest(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     96    """Remove references to unnest table aliases since bigquery doesn't allow them.
     97
     98    These are added by the optimizer's qualify_column step.
     99    """
    100    from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import Scope
    101
    102    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    103        for unnest in expression.find_all(exp.Unnest):
    104            if isinstance(unnest.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join)) and unnest.alias:
    105                for column in Scope(expression).find_all(exp.Column):
    106                    if column.table == unnest.alias:
    107                        column.set("table", None)
    108
    109    return expression
    110
    111
    112# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
    113# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
    114# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
    115# SELECT y + 1 z
    116# FROM x
    117# GROUP BY x + 1
    118# ORDER by z
    119def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    120    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
    121        group = expression.args.get("group")
    122        order = expression.args.get("order")
    123
    124        if group and order:
    125            aliases = {
    126                select.this: select.args["alias"]
    127                for select in expression.selects
    128                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
    129            }
    130
    131            for e in group.expressions:
    132                alias = aliases.get(e)
    133
    134                if alias:
    135                    e.replace(exp.column(alias))
    136
    137    return expression
    138
    139
    140def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    141    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
    142    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
    143        cte_query = expression.this
    144
    145        if cte_query.is_star:
    146            logger.warning(
    147                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
    148                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
    149            )
    150            return expression
    151
    152        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
    153        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
    154
    155        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
    156            to_replace = select
    157
    158            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
    159                select = select.this
    160
    161            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
    162            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
    163
    164    return expression
    165
    166
    167def _parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
    168    this = format_time_lambda(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
    169    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
    170    return this
    171
    172
    173def _parse_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
    174    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
    175    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
    176
    177
    178def _parse_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
    179    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
    180    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
    181    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.Hex(this=arg)
    182
    183
    184class BigQuery(Dialect):
    185    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    186
    187    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    188    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    189
    190    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    191    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    192
    193    TIME_MAPPING = {
    194        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    195    }
    196
    197    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    198        "DD": "%d",
    199        "MM": "%m",
    200        "MON": "%b",
    201        "MONTH": "%B",
    202        "YYYY": "%Y",
    203        "YY": "%y",
    204        "HH": "%I",
    205        "HH12": "%I",
    206        "HH24": "%H",
    207        "MI": "%M",
    208        "SS": "%S",
    209        "SSSSS": "%f",
    210        "TZH": "%z",
    211    }
    212
    213    @classmethod
    214    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    215        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    216        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    217        # not they're qualified.
    218        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    219            parent = expression.parent
    220
    221            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    222                parent = parent.parent
    223
    224            if (
    225                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    226                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    227                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    228            ):
    229                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    230
    231        return expression
    232
    233    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    234        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    235        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    236        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    237        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    238
    239        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    240
    241        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    242            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    243        ]
    244
    245        RAW_STRINGS = [
    246            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    247        ]
    248
    249        KEYWORDS = {
    250            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    251            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    252            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    253            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    254            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    255            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    256            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    257            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    258            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    259            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    260            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    261            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    262            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    263        }
    264        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    265
    266    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    267        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    268
    269        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    270        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    271
    272        FUNCTIONS = {
    273            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    274            "DATE": _parse_date,
    275            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    276            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    277            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    278                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    279                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    280            ),
    281            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    282            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    283            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    284            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    285            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    286            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    287            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    288                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    289            ),
    290            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    291            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    292            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    293                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    294                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    295                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    296                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    297                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    298                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    299                else None,
    300            ),
    301            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    302                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    303                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    304                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    305            ),
    306            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    307            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    308            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    310            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    311        }
    312
    313        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    314            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    315            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    316        }
    317        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    318
    319        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    320            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    321            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    322        }
    323
    324        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    325            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    326            TokenType.TABLE,
    327        }
    328
    329        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    330            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    331            TokenType.VALUES,
    332        }
    333
    334        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    335            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    336            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    337                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    338            ),
    339            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    340        }
    341
    342        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    343            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    344            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    345        }
    346
    347        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    348            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    349
    350            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    351            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    352                table_name = this.name
    353                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    354                    self._advance(2)
    355                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    356
    357                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    358
    359            return this
    360
    361        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    362            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    363            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    364                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    365                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    366                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    367                )
    368
    369                if rest and this:
    370                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    371
    372                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    373
    374            return table
    375
    376    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    377        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    378        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    379        JOIN_HINTS = False
    380        QUERY_HINTS = False
    381        TABLE_HINTS = False
    382        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    383        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    384        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    385
    386        TRANSFORMS = {
    387            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    388            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    389            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    390            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    391            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    392            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    393            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    394            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    395            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    396            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    397            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    398            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    399            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    400            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    401            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    402            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    403            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    404            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    405            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    406            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    407            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    408            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    409            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    410            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    411            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    412            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    413                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    414                e.this,
    415                e.expression,
    416                e.args.get("position"),
    417                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    418            ),
    419            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    420            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    421            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    422            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    423                [
    424                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    425                    _unqualify_unnest,
    426                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    427                    _alias_ordered_group,
    428                ]
    429            ),
    430            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    431            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    432            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    433            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    434            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    435                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    436            ),
    437            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    438            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    439            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    440            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    441            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    442            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    443            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    444            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    445            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    446            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    447            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    448        }
    449
    450        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    451            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    452            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    472        }
    473
    474        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    475            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    476            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    477            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    478        }
    479
    480        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    481        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    482            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    483            "all",
    484            "and",
    485            "any",
    486            "array",
    487            "as",
    488            "asc",
    489            "assert_rows_modified",
    490            "at",
    491            "between",
    492            "by",
    493            "case",
    494            "cast",
    495            "collate",
    496            "contains",
    497            "create",
    498            "cross",
    499            "cube",
    500            "current",
    501            "default",
    502            "define",
    503            "desc",
    504            "distinct",
    505            "else",
    506            "end",
    507            "enum",
    508            "escape",
    509            "except",
    510            "exclude",
    511            "exists",
    512            "extract",
    513            "false",
    514            "fetch",
    515            "following",
    516            "for",
    517            "from",
    518            "full",
    519            "group",
    520            "grouping",
    521            "groups",
    522            "hash",
    523            "having",
    524            "if",
    525            "ignore",
    526            "in",
    527            "inner",
    528            "intersect",
    529            "interval",
    530            "into",
    531            "is",
    532            "join",
    533            "lateral",
    534            "left",
    535            "like",
    536            "limit",
    537            "lookup",
    538            "merge",
    539            "natural",
    540            "new",
    541            "no",
    542            "not",
    543            "null",
    544            "nulls",
    545            "of",
    546            "on",
    547            "or",
    548            "order",
    549            "outer",
    550            "over",
    551            "partition",
    552            "preceding",
    553            "proto",
    554            "qualify",
    555            "range",
    556            "recursive",
    557            "respect",
    558            "right",
    559            "rollup",
    560            "rows",
    561            "select",
    562            "set",
    563            "some",
    564            "struct",
    565            "tablesample",
    566            "then",
    567            "to",
    568            "treat",
    569            "true",
    570            "unbounded",
    571            "union",
    572            "unnest",
    573            "using",
    574            "when",
    575            "where",
    576            "window",
    577            "with",
    578            "within",
    579        }
    580
    581        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    582            parent = expression.parent
    583
    584            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    585            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    586            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    587                return self.func(
    588                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    589                )
    590
    591            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    592
    593        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    594            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    595
    596        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    597            if expression.alias_column_names:
    598                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    599            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    600
    601        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    602            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    603            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    604                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    605
    606            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    607
    608        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    609            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    610
    611        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    612            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    613
    614        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    615            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    616
    617        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    618            return self.sql(expression)
    619
    620        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    621            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    622                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    623            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    624
    625        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    626            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    627                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    628            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    629
    630        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    631            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    185class BigQuery(Dialect):
    186    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
    187
    188    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
    189    RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE = None
    190
    191    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
    192    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
    193
    194    TIME_MAPPING = {
    195        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
    196    }
    197
    198    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
    199        "DD": "%d",
    200        "MM": "%m",
    201        "MON": "%b",
    202        "MONTH": "%B",
    203        "YYYY": "%Y",
    204        "YY": "%y",
    205        "HH": "%I",
    206        "HH12": "%I",
    207        "HH24": "%H",
    208        "MI": "%M",
    209        "SS": "%S",
    210        "SSSSS": "%f",
    211        "TZH": "%z",
    212    }
    213
    214    @classmethod
    215    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    216        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    217        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    218        # not they're qualified.
    219        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    220            parent = expression.parent
    221
    222            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    223                parent = parent.parent
    224
    225            if (
    226                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    227                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    228                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    229            ):
    230                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    231
    232        return expression
    233
    234    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    235        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    236        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    239
    240        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    241
    242        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    244        ]
    245
    246        RAW_STRINGS = [
    247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    248        ]
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    253            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    255            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    256            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    257            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    258            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    259            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    260            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    261            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    262            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    263            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    264        }
    265        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    266
    267    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    268        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    269
    270        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272
    273        FUNCTIONS = {
    274            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    275            "DATE": _parse_date,
    276            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    277            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    278            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    279                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    281            ),
    282            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    283            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    284            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    285            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    286            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    287            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    288            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    289                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    290            ),
    291            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    292            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    293            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    294                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    295                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    296                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    297                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    298                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    299                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    300                else None,
    301            ),
    302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    306            ),
    307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    317        }
    318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    319
    320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    323        }
    324
    325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    327            TokenType.TABLE,
    328        }
    329
    330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.VALUES,
    333        }
    334
    335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    339            ),
    340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    341        }
    342
    343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    346        }
    347
    348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    350
    351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    353                table_name = this.name
    354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    355                    self._advance(2)
    356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    357
    358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    359
    360            return this
    361
    362        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    363            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    364            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    365                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    366                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    367                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    368                )
    369
    370                if rest and this:
    371                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    372
    373                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    374
    375            return table
    376
    377    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    378        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    379        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    380        JOIN_HINTS = False
    381        QUERY_HINTS = False
    382        TABLE_HINTS = False
    383        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    384        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    385        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    386
    387        TRANSFORMS = {
    388            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    389            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    391            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    392            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    393            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    394            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    396            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    398            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    399            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    400            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    401            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    402            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    403            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    404            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    405            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    406            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    407            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    408            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    409            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    410            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    411            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    412            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    413            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    414                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    415                e.this,
    416                e.expression,
    417                e.args.get("position"),
    418                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    419            ),
    420            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    421            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    422            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    424                [
    425                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    426                    _unqualify_unnest,
    427                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    428                    _alias_ordered_group,
    429                ]
    430            ),
    431            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    432            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    433            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    434            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    435            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    436                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    437            ),
    438            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    439            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    440            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    441            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    443            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    444            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    445            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    446            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    447            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    449        }
    450
    451        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    452            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    473        }
    474
    475        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    476            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    477            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    478            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    479        }
    480
    481        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    482        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    483            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    484            "all",
    485            "and",
    486            "any",
    487            "array",
    488            "as",
    489            "asc",
    490            "assert_rows_modified",
    491            "at",
    492            "between",
    493            "by",
    494            "case",
    495            "cast",
    496            "collate",
    497            "contains",
    498            "create",
    499            "cross",
    500            "cube",
    501            "current",
    502            "default",
    503            "define",
    504            "desc",
    505            "distinct",
    506            "else",
    507            "end",
    508            "enum",
    509            "escape",
    510            "except",
    511            "exclude",
    512            "exists",
    513            "extract",
    514            "false",
    515            "fetch",
    516            "following",
    517            "for",
    518            "from",
    519            "full",
    520            "group",
    521            "grouping",
    522            "groups",
    523            "hash",
    524            "having",
    525            "if",
    526            "ignore",
    527            "in",
    528            "inner",
    529            "intersect",
    530            "interval",
    531            "into",
    532            "is",
    533            "join",
    534            "lateral",
    535            "left",
    536            "like",
    537            "limit",
    538            "lookup",
    539            "merge",
    540            "natural",
    541            "new",
    542            "no",
    543            "not",
    544            "null",
    545            "nulls",
    546            "of",
    547            "on",
    548            "or",
    549            "order",
    550            "outer",
    551            "over",
    552            "partition",
    553            "preceding",
    554            "proto",
    555            "qualify",
    556            "range",
    557            "recursive",
    558            "respect",
    559            "right",
    560            "rollup",
    561            "rows",
    562            "select",
    563            "set",
    564            "some",
    565            "struct",
    566            "tablesample",
    567            "then",
    568            "to",
    569            "treat",
    570            "true",
    571            "unbounded",
    572            "union",
    573            "unnest",
    574            "using",
    575            "when",
    576            "where",
    577            "window",
    578            "with",
    579            "within",
    580        }
    581
    582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    583            parent = expression.parent
    584
    585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    590                )
    591
    592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    593
    594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    596
    597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    598            if expression.alias_column_names:
    599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    600            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    606
    607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    608
    609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    611
    612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    614
    615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    617
    618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    619            return self.sql(expression)
    620
    621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    625
    626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    630
    631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
RESOLVES_IDENTIFIERS_AS_UPPERCASE: Optional[bool] = None
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
@classmethod
def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    214    @classmethod
    215    def normalize_identifier(cls, expression: E) -> E:
    216        # In BigQuery, CTEs aren't case-sensitive, but table names are (by default, at least).
    217        # The following check is essentially a heuristic to detect tables based on whether or
    218        # not they're qualified.
    219        if isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier):
    220            parent = expression.parent
    221
    222            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    223                parent = parent.parent
    224
    225            if (
    226                not isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    227                and not (isinstance(parent, exp.Table) and parent.db)
    228                and not expression.meta.get("is_table")
    229            ):
    230                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    231
    232        return expression

Normalizes an unquoted identifier to either lower or upper case, thus essentially making it case-insensitive. If a dialect treats all identifiers as case-insensitive, they will be normalized regardless of being quoted or not.

tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'sqlglot.dialects.bigquery.BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START = None
BIT_END = None
HEX_START = '0x'
HEX_END = ''
BYTE_START = "b'"
BYTE_END = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  DATE_FORMAT
  DATEINT_FORMAT
  TIME_FORMAT
  get_or_raise
  format_time
  case_sensitive
  can_identify
  quote_identifier
  parse
  parse_into
  generate
  transpile
  tokenize
  tokenizer
  parser
  generator

class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    234    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    235        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    236        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    237        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    238        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    239
    240        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    241
    242        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    243            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    244        ]
    245
    246        RAW_STRINGS = [
    247            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    248        ]
    249
    250        KEYWORDS = {
    251            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    252            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    253            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    254            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    255            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    256            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    257            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    258            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    259            "INT64": TokenType.BIGINT,
    260            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    261            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    262            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    263            "UNKNOWN": TokenType.NULL,
    264        }
    265        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '/*+': <TokenType.HINT: 'HINT'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'IF': <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NEXT VALUE FOR': <TokenType.NEXT_VALUE_FOR: 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  ENCODE
  reset
  tokenize
  peek
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    267    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    268        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    269
    270        LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
    271        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    272
    273        FUNCTIONS = {
    274            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    275            "DATE": _parse_date,
    276            "DATE_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    277            "DATE_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    278            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    279                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    280                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    281            ),
    282            "DATETIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    283            "DATETIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    284            "DIV": lambda args: exp.IntDiv(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1)),
    285            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    286            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    287            "TO_HEX": _parse_to_hex,
    288            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: format_time_lambda(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    289                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    290            ),
    291            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _parse_timestamp,
    292            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    293            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": lambda args: exp.RegexpExtract(
    294                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    295                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    296                position=seq_get(args, 2),
    297                occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
    298                group=exp.Literal.number(1)
    299                if re.compile(str(seq_get(args, 1))).groups == 1
    300                else None,
    301            ),
    302            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    303                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    304                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    305                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    306            ),
    307            "TIME_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    308            "TIME_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    309            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    310            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": parse_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    311            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    312        }
    313
    314        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    315            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    316            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    317        }
    318        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    319
    320        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    321            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    322            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    323        }
    324
    325        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    326            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    327            TokenType.TABLE,
    328        }
    329
    330        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    331            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    332            TokenType.VALUES,
    333        }
    334
    335        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    336            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    337            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    338                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    339            ),
    340            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    341        }
    342
    343        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    344            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    345            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    346        }
    347
    348        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    349            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema)
    350
    351            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    352            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    353                table_name = this.name
    354                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    355                    self._advance(2)
    356                    table_name += f"-{self._prev.text}"
    357
    358                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    359
    360            return this
    361
    362        def _parse_table_parts(self, schema: bool = False) -> exp.Table:
    363            table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema)
    364            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and "." in table.name:
    365                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    366                    t.cast(t.Optional[exp.Expression], exp.to_identifier(x))
    367                    for x in split_num_words(table.name, ".", 3)
    368                )
    369
    370                if rest and this:
    371                    this = exp.Dot.build(t.cast(t.List[exp.Expression], [this, *rest]))
    372
    373                table = exp.Table(this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    374
    375            return table

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: Determines the amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayJoin'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'COALESCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'IFNULL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'NVL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>>, 'CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>>, 'COUNT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _parse_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'LAST_DATE_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDateOfMonth'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>>, 'LOG10': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log10'>>, 'LOG2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log2'>>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeConcat'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetAgg'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function parse_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>.func>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UPPER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function parse_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WHEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.When'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function parse_like>, 'DIV': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _parse_to_hex>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ANY_VALUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.IF: 'IF'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUEIDENTIFIER: 'UNIQUEIDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY: bool = True
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}
FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y'}
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  INTERVAL_VARS
  TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  MODIFIABLES
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KINDS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  STRICT_CAST
  CONCAT_NULL_OUTPUTS_STRING
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    377    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    378        EXPLICIT_UNION = True
    379        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    380        JOIN_HINTS = False
    381        QUERY_HINTS = False
    382        TABLE_HINTS = False
    383        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
    384        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
    385        ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
    386
    387        TRANSFORMS = {
    388            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    389            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
    390            exp.ArraySize: rename_func("ARRAY_LENGTH"),
    391            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
    392            exp.Create: _create_sql,
    393            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
    394            exp.DateAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    395            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: f"DATE_DIFF({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'expression')}, {self.sql(e.args.get('unit', 'DAY'))})",
    396            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
    397            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    398            exp.DateSub: _date_add_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
    399            exp.DatetimeAdd: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
    400            exp.DatetimeSub: _date_add_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
    401            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit")),
    402            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
    403            exp.GroupConcat: rename_func("STRING_AGG"),
    404            exp.Hex: rename_func("TO_HEX"),
    405            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    406            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
    407            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
    408            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    409            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
    410            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    411            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    412            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    413            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
    414                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
    415                e.this,
    416                e.expression,
    417                e.args.get("position"),
    418                e.args.get("occurrence"),
    419            ),
    420            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
    421            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
    422            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
    423            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    424                [
    425                    transforms.explode_to_unnest,
    426                    _unqualify_unnest,
    427                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    428                    _alias_ordered_group,
    429                ]
    430            ),
    431            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: f"DETERMINISTIC"
    432            if e.name == "IMMUTABLE"
    433            else "NOT DETERMINISTIC",
    434            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"PARSE_DATE({self.format_time(e)}, {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    435            exp.StrToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    436                "PARSE_TIMESTAMP", self.format_time(e), e.this, e.args.get("zone")
    437            ),
    438            exp.TimeAdd: _date_add_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
    439            exp.TimeSub: _date_add_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
    440            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
    441            exp.TimestampSub: _date_add_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
    442            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    443            exp.Trim: lambda self, e: self.func(f"TRIM", e.this, e.expression),
    444            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _date_add_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
    445            exp.TsOrDsToDate: ts_or_ds_to_date_sql("bigquery"),
    446            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    447            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
    448            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    449        }
    450
    451        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    452            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    453            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    454            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    455            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    456            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    457            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    458            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    459            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    460            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    461            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    462            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    463            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    464            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    465            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    466            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    467            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    468            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    469            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    470            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    471            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    472            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    473        }
    474
    475        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    476            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    477            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    478            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    479        }
    480
    481        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    482        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    483            *generator.Generator.RESERVED_KEYWORDS,
    484            "all",
    485            "and",
    486            "any",
    487            "array",
    488            "as",
    489            "asc",
    490            "assert_rows_modified",
    491            "at",
    492            "between",
    493            "by",
    494            "case",
    495            "cast",
    496            "collate",
    497            "contains",
    498            "create",
    499            "cross",
    500            "cube",
    501            "current",
    502            "default",
    503            "define",
    504            "desc",
    505            "distinct",
    506            "else",
    507            "end",
    508            "enum",
    509            "escape",
    510            "except",
    511            "exclude",
    512            "exists",
    513            "extract",
    514            "false",
    515            "fetch",
    516            "following",
    517            "for",
    518            "from",
    519            "full",
    520            "group",
    521            "grouping",
    522            "groups",
    523            "hash",
    524            "having",
    525            "if",
    526            "ignore",
    527            "in",
    528            "inner",
    529            "intersect",
    530            "interval",
    531            "into",
    532            "is",
    533            "join",
    534            "lateral",
    535            "left",
    536            "like",
    537            "limit",
    538            "lookup",
    539            "merge",
    540            "natural",
    541            "new",
    542            "no",
    543            "not",
    544            "null",
    545            "nulls",
    546            "of",
    547            "on",
    548            "or",
    549            "order",
    550            "outer",
    551            "over",
    552            "partition",
    553            "preceding",
    554            "proto",
    555            "qualify",
    556            "range",
    557            "recursive",
    558            "respect",
    559            "right",
    560            "rollup",
    561            "rows",
    562            "select",
    563            "set",
    564            "some",
    565            "struct",
    566            "tablesample",
    567            "then",
    568            "to",
    569            "treat",
    570            "true",
    571            "unbounded",
    572            "union",
    573            "unnest",
    574            "using",
    575            "when",
    576            "where",
    577            "window",
    578            "with",
    579            "within",
    580        }
    581
    582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    583            parent = expression.parent
    584
    585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    590                )
    591
    592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    593
    594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    596
    597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    598            if expression.alias_column_names:
    599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    600            return super().cte_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    606
    607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)
    608
    609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"
    611
    612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"
    614
    615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"
    617
    618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    619            return self.sql(expression)
    620
    621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    625
    626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"
    630
    631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether or not to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether or not to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: Determines the pad size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- indent: Determines the indentation size in a formatted string. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: Whether or not to normalize all function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Determines whether or not the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether or not to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

EXPLICIT_UNION = True
INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
ESCAPE_LINE_BREAK = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CheckColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function _date_add_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function ts_or_ds_to_date_sql.<locals>._ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'unnest', 'limit', 'full', 'proto', 'some', 'following', 'unbounded', 'nulls', 'join', 'outer', 'end', 'left', 'within', 'groups', 'ignore', 'set', 'distinct', 'struct', 'new', 'interval', 'at', 'on', 'respect', 'when', 'between', 'null', 'union', 'window', 'intersect', 'treat', 'enum', 'in', 'lateral', 'exclude', 'group', 'as', 'cast', 'default', 'fetch', 'cross', 'rollup', 'with', 'collate', 'natural', 'any', 'false', 'cube', 'order', 'to', 'if', 'no', 'where', 'contains', 'or', 'grouping', 'range', 'right', 'inner', 'extract', 'recursive', 'define', 'escape', 'select', 'exists', 'merge', 'hash', 'using', 'rows', 'by', 'having', 'array', 'lookup', 'not', 'desc', 'and', 'for', 'else', 'is', 'tablesample', 'into', 'all', 'assert_rows_modified', 'except', 'over', 'case', 'qualify', 'of', 'then', 'from', 'preceding', 'true', 'like', 'current', 'asc', 'create', 'partition'}
def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    582        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    583            parent = expression.parent
    584
    585            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    586            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    587            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    588                return self.func(
    589                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    590                )
    591
    592            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    594        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    595            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def cte_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.CTE) -> str: View Source

    597        def cte_sql(self, expression: exp.CTE) -> str:
    598            if expression.alias_column_names:
    599                self.unsupported("Column names in CTE definition are not supported.")
    600            return super().cte_sql(expression)

def array_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Array) -> str: View Source

    602        def array_sql(self, expression: exp.Array) -> str:
    603            first_arg = seq_get(expression.expressions, 0)
    604            if isinstance(first_arg, exp.Subqueryable):
    605                return f"ARRAY{self.wrap(self.sql(first_arg))}"
    606
    607            return inline_array_sql(self, expression)

def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    609        def transaction_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    610            return "BEGIN TRANSACTION"

def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    612        def commit_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    613            return "COMMIT TRANSACTION"

def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str: View Source

    615        def rollback_sql(self, *_) -> str:
    616            return "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    618        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    619            return self.sql(expression)

def except_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Except) -> str: View Source

    621        def except_op(self, expression: exp.Except) -> str:
    622            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    623                self.unsupported("EXCEPT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    624            return f"EXCEPT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def intersect_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Intersect) -> str: View Source

    626        def intersect_op(self, expression: exp.Intersect) -> str:
    627            if not expression.args.get("distinct", False):
    628                self.unsupported("INTERSECT without DISTINCT is not supported in BigQuery")
    629            return f"INTERSECT{' DISTINCT' if expression.args.get('distinct') else ' ALL'}"

def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    631        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    632            return self.properties(properties, prefix=self.seg("OPTIONS"))

INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}}}
UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False
@classmethod
def can_identify(text: str, identify: str | bool = 'safe') -> bool: View Source

    246    @classmethod
    247    def can_identify(cls, text: str, identify: str | bool = "safe") -> bool:
    248        """Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.
    249
    250        Args:
    251            text: The text to check.
    252            identify:
    253                "always" or `True`: Always returns true.
    254                "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.
    255
    256        Returns:
    257            Whether or not the given text can be identified.
    258        """
    259        if identify is True or identify == "always":
    260            return True
    261
    262        if identify == "safe":
    263            return not cls.case_sensitive(text)
    264
    265        return False

Checks if text can be identified given an identify option.

###### Arguments:

- text: The text to check.
- identify: "always" or `True`: Always returns true. "safe": True if the identifier is case-insensitive.

###### Returns:

> Whether or not the given text can be identified.

QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
STRING_ESCAPE = '\\'
IDENTIFIER_ESCAPE = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS_SUPPORTED
  SELECT_KINDS
  STAR_MAPPING
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  INDEX_OFFSET
  ALIAS_POST_TABLESAMPLE
  IDENTIFIERS_CAN_START_WITH_DIGIT
  STRICT_STRING_CONCAT
  NULL_ORDERING
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypesize_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  except_sql
  fetch_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  intersect_sql
  introducer_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  table_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_having_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  union_sql
  union_op
  unnest_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_sql
  safebracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  safeconcat_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  aliases_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  renametable_sql
  altertable_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  safedpipe_sql
  div_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  or_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  text_width
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  set_operation
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql