# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

"""
@date: 2021/1/12 下午2:25
@file: cls_transforms.py
@author: zj
@description: 作用于分类任务的图像增强操作
"""

import torch
import math
import random
import cv2

import numpy as np
import numbers
import types
from collections.abc import Sequence, Iterable
import warnings

from . import cls_functional as F

__all__ = ["Compose", "ToTensor", "Normalize", "Resize", "Scale", "CenterCrop", "Pad",
           "Lambda", "RandomApply", "RandomChoice", "RandomOrder", "RandomCrop", "RandomHorizontalFlip",
           "RandomVerticalFlip", "RandomResizedCrop", "RandomSizedCrop", "FiveCrop", "TenCrop", "LinearTransformation",
           "ColorJitter", "RandomRotation", "RandomAffine", "Grayscale", "RandomGrayscale",
           "RandomPerspective", "RandomErasing"]

_opencv_interpolation_to_str = {
    cv2.INTER_NEAREST: 'cv2.INTER_NEAREST',
    cv2.INTER_LINEAR: 'cv2.INTER_LINEAR',
    cv2.INTER_AREA: 'cv2.INTER_AREA',
    cv2.INTER_CUBIC: 'cv2.INTER_CUBIC'
}


def _get_image_size(img):
    if F._is_numpy(img):
        return img.shape[:2]
    elif isinstance(img, torch.Tensor) and img.dim() > 2:
        return img.shape[-2:]
    else:
        raise TypeError("Unexpected type {}".format(type(img)))


class Compose(object):
    """Composes several transforms together.

    Args:
        transforms (list of ``Transform`` objects): list of transforms to compose.

    Example:
        >>> transforms.Compose([
        >>>     transforms.CenterCrop(10),
        >>>     transforms.ToTensor(),
        >>> ])
    """

    def __init__(self, transforms):
        self.transforms = transforms

    def __call__(self, img):
        for t in self.transforms:
            img = t(img)
        return img

    def __repr__(self):
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '('
        for t in self.transforms:
            format_string += '\n'
            format_string += '    {0}'.format(t)
        format_string += '\n)'
        return format_string


class ToTensor(object):
    """Convert a ``numpy.ndarray`` to tensor.

    Converts numpy.ndarray (H x W x C) in the range
    [0, 255] to a torch.FloatTensor of shape (C x H x W) in the range [0.0, 1.0]
    if the numpy.ndarray has dtype = np.uint8

    In the other cases, tensors are returned without scaling.
    """

    def __call__(self, pic):
        """
        Args:
            pic (numpy.ndarray): Image to be converted to tensor.

        Returns:
            Tensor: Converted image.
        """
        return F.to_tensor(pic)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '()'


class ToNumpyImage:
    """Convert a tensor to Numpy Image.

    Converts a torch.*Tensor of shape C x H x W while preserving the value range.
    """

    def __call__(self, pic):
        """
        Args:
            pic (Tensor): Image to be converted to Numpy Image.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Image converted to Numpy Image.

        """
        return F.to_numpy_image(pic)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__


class Normalize(object):
    """Normalize a tensor image with mean and standard deviation.
    Given mean: ``(M1,...,Mn)`` and std: ``(S1,..,Sn)`` for ``n`` channels, this transform
    will normalize each channel of the input ``torch.*Tensor`` i.e.
    ``output[channel] = (input[channel] - mean[channel]) / std[channel]``

    .. note::
        This transform acts out of place, i.e., it does not mutate the input tensor.

    Args:
        mean (sequence): Sequence of means for each channel.
        std (sequence): Sequence of standard deviations for each channel.
        inplace(bool,optional): Bool to make this operation in-place.

    """

    def __init__(self, mean, std, inplace=False):
        self.mean = mean
        self.std = std
        self.inplace = inplace

    def __call__(self, tensor):
        """
        Args:
            tensor (Tensor): Tensor image of size (C, H, W) to be normalized.

        Returns:
            Tensor: Normalized Tensor image.
        """
        return F.normalize(tensor, self.mean, self.std, self.inplace)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(mean={0}, std={1})'.format(self.mean, self.std)


class Resize(object):
    """Resize the input Numpy Image to the given size.

    Args:
        size (sequence or int): Desired output size. If size is a sequence like
            (h, w), output size will be matched to this. If size is an int,
            smaller edge of the image will be matched to this number.
            i.e, if height > width, then image will be rescaled to
            (size * height / width, size)
        interpolation (int, optional): If ``None``, the interpolation will be chosen automatically. For size
        increases, ``area`` interpolation will be picked and for size
        decreases, ``linear`` interpolation will be picked.
    """

    def __init__(self, size, interpolation=None):
        super().__init__()
        if not isinstance(size, (int, Sequence)):
            raise TypeError("Size should be int or sequence. Got {}".format(type(size)))
        if isinstance(size, Sequence) and len(size) not in (1, 2):
            raise ValueError("If size is a sequence, it should have 1 or 2 values")
        self.size = size
        self.interpolation = interpolation

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be scaled.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Rescaled image.
        """
        return F.resize(img, self.size, self.interpolation)

    def __repr__(self):
        if self.interpolation is None:
            interpolate_str = 'None'
        else:
            interpolate_str = _opencv_interpolation_to_str[self.interpolation]
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0}, interpolation={1})'.format(self.size, interpolate_str)


class Scale(Resize):
    """
    Note: This transform is deprecated in favor of Resize.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        warnings.warn("The use of the transforms.Scale transform is deprecated, " +
                      "please use transforms.Resize instead.")
        super(Scale, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)


class CenterCrop(object):
    """Crops the given Numpy Image at the center.

    Args:
        size (sequence or int): Desired output size of the crop. If size is an
            int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is
            made.
    """

    def __init__(self, size):
        if isinstance(size, numbers.Number):
            self.size = (int(size), int(size))
        else:
            self.size = size

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be cropped.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Cropped image.
        """
        return F.center_crop(img, self.size)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0})'.format(self.size)


class Pad(object):
    """Pad the given Numpy Image on all sides with the given "pad" value.

    Args:
        padding (int or tuple): Padding on each border. If a single int is provided this
            is used to pad all borders. If tuple of length 2 is provided this is the padding
            on left/right and top/bottom respectively. If a tuple of length 4 is provided
            this is the padding for the left, top, right and bottom borders
            respectively.
        fill (int or tuple): Pixel fill value for constant fill. Default is 0. If a tuple of
            length 3, it is used to fill R, G, B channels respectively.
            This value is only used when the padding_mode is constant
        padding_mode (str): Type of padding. Should be: constant, edge, reflect or symmetric.
            Default is constant.

            - constant: pads with a constant value, this value is specified with fill

            - edge: pads with the last value at the edge of the image

            - reflect: pads with reflection of image without repeating the last value on the edge

                For example, padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in reflect mode
                will result in [3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2]

            - symmetric: pads with reflection of image repeating the last value on the edge

                For example, padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in symmetric mode
                will result in [2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3]
    """

    def __init__(self, padding, fill=0, padding_mode='constant'):
        assert isinstance(padding, (numbers.Number, tuple))
        assert isinstance(fill, (numbers.Number, str, tuple))
        assert padding_mode in ['constant', 'edge', 'reflect', 'symmetric']
        if isinstance(padding, Sequence) and len(padding) not in [2, 4]:
            raise ValueError("Padding must be an int or a 2, or 4 element tuple, not a " +
                             "{} element tuple".format(len(padding)))

        self.padding = padding
        self.fill = fill
        self.padding_mode = padding_mode

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be padded.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Padded image.
        """
        return F.pad(img, self.padding, self.fill, self.padding_mode)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(padding={0}, fill={1}, padding_mode={2})'. \
            format(self.padding, self.fill, self.padding_mode)


class Lambda(object):
    """Apply a user-defined lambda as a transform.

    Args:
        lambd (function): Lambda/function to be used for transform.
    """

    def __init__(self, lambd):
        assert callable(lambd), repr(type(lambd).__name__) + " object is not callable"
        self.lambd = lambd

    def __call__(self, img):
        return self.lambd(img)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '()'


class RandomTransforms(object):
    """Base class for a list of transformations with randomness

    Args:
        transforms (list or tuple): list of transformations
    """

    def __init__(self, transforms):
        assert isinstance(transforms, (list, tuple))
        self.transforms = transforms

    def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        raise NotImplementedError()

    def __repr__(self):
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '('
        for t in self.transforms:
            format_string += '\n'
            format_string += '    {0}'.format(t)
        format_string += '\n)'
        return format_string


class RandomApply(RandomTransforms):
    """Apply randomly a list of transformations with a given probability

    Args:
        transforms (list or tuple): list of transformations
        p (float): probability
    """

    def __init__(self, transforms, p=0.5):
        super(RandomApply, self).__init__(transforms)
        self.p = p

    def __call__(self, img):
        if self.p < random.random():
            return img
        for t in self.transforms:
            img = t(img)
        return img

    def __repr__(self):
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '('
        format_string += '\n    p={}'.format(self.p)
        for t in self.transforms:
            format_string += '\n'
            format_string += '    {0}'.format(t)
        format_string += '\n)'
        return format_string


class RandomOrder(RandomTransforms):
    """Apply a list of transformations in a random order
    """

    def __call__(self, img):
        order = list(range(len(self.transforms)))
        random.shuffle(order)
        for i in order:
            img = self.transforms[i](img)
        return img


class RandomChoice(RandomTransforms):
    """Apply single transformation randomly picked from a list
    """

    def __call__(self, img):
        t = random.choice(self.transforms)
        return t(img)


class RandomCrop(object):
    """Crop the given Numpy Image at a random location.

    Args:
        size (sequence or int): Desired output size of the crop. If size is an
            int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is
            made.
        padding (int or sequence, optional): Optional padding on each border
            of the image. Default is None, i.e no padding. If a sequence of length
            4 is provided, it is used to pad left, top, right, bottom borders
            respectively. If a sequence of length 2 is provided, it is used to
            pad left/right, top/bottom borders, respectively.
        pad_if_needed (boolean): It will pad the image if smaller than the
            desired size to avoid raising an exception. Since cropping is done
            after padding, the padding seems to be done at a random offset.
        fill: Pixel fill value for constant fill. Default is 0. If a tuple of
            length 3, it is used to fill R, G, B channels respectively.
            This value is only used when the padding_mode is constant
        padding_mode: Type of padding. Should be: constant, edge, reflect or symmetric. Default is constant.

             - constant: pads with a constant value, this value is specified with fill

             - edge: pads with the last value on the edge of the image

             - reflect: pads with reflection of image (without repeating the last value on the edge)

                padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in reflect mode
                will result in [3, 2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2]

             - symmetric: pads with reflection of image (repeating the last value on the edge)

                padding [1, 2, 3, 4] with 2 elements on both sides in symmetric mode
                will result in [2, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3]

    """

    def __init__(self, size, padding=None, pad_if_needed=False, fill=0, padding_mode='constant'):
        if isinstance(size, numbers.Number):
            self.size = (int(size), int(size))
        else:
            self.size = size
        self.padding = padding
        self.pad_if_needed = pad_if_needed
        self.fill = fill
        self.padding_mode = padding_mode

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(img, output_size):
        """Get parameters for ``crop`` for a random crop.

        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be cropped.
            output_size (tuple): Expected output size of the crop.

        Returns:
            tuple: params (i, j, h, w) to be passed to ``crop`` for random crop.
        """
        h, w = _get_image_size(img)
        th, tw = output_size
        if w == tw and h == th:
            return 0, 0, h, w

        if h + 1 < th or w + 1 < tw:
            raise ValueError(
                "Required crop size {} is larger then input image size {}".format((th, tw), (h, w))
            )

        i = random.randint(0, h - th)
        j = random.randint(0, w - tw)
        return i, j, th, tw

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be cropped.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Cropped image.
        """
        if self.padding is not None:
            img = F.pad(img, self.padding, self.fill, self.padding_mode)

        # pad the width if needed
        if self.pad_if_needed and img.shape[0] < self.size[0]:
            img = F.pad(img, (self.size[0] - img.shape[0], 0), self.fill, self.padding_mode)
        # pad the height if needed
        if self.pad_if_needed and img.shape[1] < self.size[1]:
            img = F.pad(img, (0, self.size[1] - img.shape[1]), self.fill, self.padding_mode)

        i, j, h, w = self.get_params(img, self.size)

        return F.crop(img, i, j, h, w)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0}, padding={1})'.format(self.size, self.padding)


class RandomHorizontalFlip(object):
    """Horizontally flip the given Numpy Image randomly with a given probability.

    Args:
        p (float): probability of the image being flipped. Default value is 0.5
    """

    def __init__(self, p=0.5):
        self.p = p

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be flipped.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Randomly flipped image.
        """
        if random.random() < self.p:
            return F.hflip(img)
        return img

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(p={})'.format(self.p)


class RandomVerticalFlip(object):
    """Vertically flip the given Numpy Image randomly with a given probability.

    Args:
        p (float): probability of the image being flipped. Default value is 0.5
    """

    def __init__(self, p=0.5):
        self.p = p

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be flipped.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Randomly flipped image.
        """
        if random.random() < self.p:
            return F.vflip(img)
        return img

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(p={})'.format(self.p)


class RandomPerspective(object):
    """Performs Perspective transformation of the given Numpy Image randomly with a given probability.

    Args:
        interpolation : Default- Image.BICUBIC

        p (float): probability of the image being perspectively transformed. Default value is 0.5

        distortion_scale(float): it controls the degree of distortion and ranges from 0 to 1. Default value is 0.5.

        fill (3-tuple or int): RGB pixel fill value for area outside the rotated image.
            If int, it is used for all channels respectively. Default value is 0.
    """

    def __init__(self, distortion_scale=0.5, p=0.5, interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR, fill=0):
        self.p = p
        self.interpolation = interpolation
        self.distortion_scale = distortion_scale
        self.fill = fill

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be Perspectively transformed.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Random perspectivley transformed image.
        """
        if not F._is_numpy(img):
            raise TypeError('img should be Numpy Image. Got {}'.format(type(img)))

        if random.random() < self.p:
            height, width = img.shape[:2]
            startpoints, endpoints = self.get_params(width, height, self.distortion_scale)
            return F.perspective(img, startpoints, endpoints, self.interpolation, self.fill)
        return img

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(width, height, distortion_scale):
        """Get parameters for ``perspective`` for a random perspective transform.

        Args:
            width : width of the image.
            height : height of the image.

        Returns:
            List containing [top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left] of the original image,
            List containing [top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left] of the transformed image.
        """
        half_height = int(height / 2)
        half_width = int(width / 2)
        topleft = (random.randint(0, int(distortion_scale * half_height)),
                   random.randint(0, int(distortion_scale * half_width)))
        topright = (random.randint(0, int(distortion_scale * half_height)),
                    random.randint(width - int(distortion_scale * half_width) - 1, width - 1))
        botright = (random.randint(height - int(distortion_scale * half_height) - 1, height - 1),
                    random.randint(width - int(distortion_scale * half_width) - 1, width - 1))
        botleft = (random.randint(height - int(distortion_scale * half_height) - 1, height - 1),
                   random.randint(0, int(distortion_scale * half_width)))
        startpoints = [(0, 0), (0, width - 1), (height - 1, width - 1), (height - 1, 0)]
        endpoints = [topleft, topright, botright, botleft]
        return startpoints, endpoints

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(p={})'.format(self.p)


class RandomResizedCrop(object):
    """Crop the given Numpy Image to random size and aspect ratio.

    A crop of random size (default: of 0.08 to 1.0) of the original size and a random
    aspect ratio (default: of 3/4 to 4/3) of the original aspect ratio is made. This crop
    is finally resized to given size.
    This is popularly used to train the Inception networks.

    Args:
        size: expected output size of each edge
        scale: range of size of the origin size cropped
        ratio: range of aspect ratio of the origin aspect ratio cropped
        interpolation: Default: cv2.INTER_LINEAR
    """

    def __init__(self, size, scale=(0.08, 1.0), ratio=(3. / 4., 4. / 3.), interpolation=cv2.INTER_LINEAR):
        if isinstance(size, (tuple, list)):
            self.size = size
        else:
            self.size = (size, size)
        if (scale[0] > scale[1]) or (ratio[0] > ratio[1]):
            warnings.warn("range should be of kind (min, max)")

        self.interpolation = interpolation
        self.scale = scale
        self.ratio = ratio

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(img, scale, ratio):
        """Get parameters for ``crop`` for a random sized crop.

        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be cropped.
            scale (tuple): range of size of the origin size cropped
            ratio (tuple): range of aspect ratio of the origin aspect ratio cropped

        Returns:
            tuple: params (i, j, h, w) to be passed to ``crop`` for a random
                sized crop.
        """
        height, width = _get_image_size(img)
        area = height * width

        for _ in range(10):
            target_area = random.uniform(*scale) * area
            log_ratio = (math.log(ratio[0]), math.log(ratio[1]))
            aspect_ratio = math.exp(random.uniform(*log_ratio))

            w = int(round(math.sqrt(target_area * aspect_ratio)))
            h = int(round(math.sqrt(target_area / aspect_ratio)))

            if 0 < w <= width and 0 < h <= height:
                i = random.randint(0, height - h)
                j = random.randint(0, width - w)
                return i, j, h, w

        # Fallback to central crop
        in_ratio = float(width) / float(height)
        if (in_ratio < min(ratio)):
            w = width
            h = int(round(w / min(ratio)))
        elif (in_ratio > max(ratio)):
            h = height
            w = int(round(h * max(ratio)))
        else:  # whole image
            w = width
            h = height
        i = (height - h) // 2
        j = (width - w) // 2
        return i, j, h, w

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be cropped and resized.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Randomly cropped and resized image.
        """
        i, j, h, w = self.get_params(img, self.scale, self.ratio)
        return F.resized_crop(img, i, j, h, w, self.size, self.interpolation)

    def __repr__(self):
        interpolate_str = _opencv_interpolation_to_str[self.interpolation]
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0}'.format(self.size)
        format_string += ', scale={0}'.format(tuple(round(s, 4) for s in self.scale))
        format_string += ', ratio={0}'.format(tuple(round(r, 4) for r in self.ratio))
        format_string += ', interpolation={0})'.format(interpolate_str)
        return format_string


class RandomSizedCrop(RandomResizedCrop):
    """
    Note: This transform is deprecated in favor of RandomResizedCrop.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        warnings.warn("The use of the transforms.RandomSizedCrop transform is deprecated, " +
                      "please use transforms.RandomResizedCrop instead.")
        super(RandomSizedCrop, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)


class FiveCrop(object):
    """Crop the given Numpy Image into four corners and the central crop

    .. Note::
         This transform returns a tuple of images and there may be a mismatch in the number of
         inputs and targets your Dataset returns. See below for an example of how to deal with
         this.

    Args:
         size (sequence or int): Desired output size of the crop. If size is an ``int``
            instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop of size (size, size) is made.

    Example:
         >>> transform = Compose([
         >>>    FiveCrop(size), # this is a list of Numpy Images
         >>>    Lambda(lambda crops: torch.stack([ToTensor()(crop) for crop in crops])) # returns a 4D tensor
         >>> ])
         >>> #In your test loop you can do the following:
         >>> input, target = batch # input is a 5d tensor, target is 2d
         >>> bs, ncrops, c, h, w = input.size()
         >>> result = model(input.view(-1, c, h, w)) # fuse batch size and ncrops
         >>> result_avg = result.view(bs, ncrops, -1).mean(1) # avg over crops
    """

    def __init__(self, size):
        self.size = size
        if isinstance(size, numbers.Number):
            self.size = (int(size), int(size))
        else:
            assert len(size) == 2, "Please provide only two dimensions (h, w) for size."
            self.size = size

    def __call__(self, img):
        return F.five_crop(img, self.size)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0})'.format(self.size)


class TenCrop(object):
    """Crop the given Numpy Image into four corners and the central crop plus the flipped version of
    these (horizontal flipping is used by default)

    .. Note::
         This transform returns a tuple of images and there may be a mismatch in the number of
         inputs and targets your Dataset returns. See below for an example of how to deal with
         this.

    Args:
        size (sequence or int): Desired output size of the crop. If size is an
            int instead of sequence like (h, w), a square crop (size, size) is
            made.
        vertical_flip (bool): Use vertical flipping instead of horizontal

    Example:
         >>> transform = Compose([
         >>>    TenCrop(size), # this is a list of Numpy Images
         >>>    Lambda(lambda crops: torch.stack([ToTensor()(crop) for crop in crops])) # returns a 4D tensor
         >>> ])
         >>> #In your test loop you can do the following:
         >>> input, target = batch # input is a 5d tensor, target is 2d
         >>> bs, ncrops, c, h, w = input.size()
         >>> result = model(input.view(-1, c, h, w)) # fuse batch size and ncrops
         >>> result_avg = result.view(bs, ncrops, -1).mean(1) # avg over crops
    """

    def __init__(self, size, vertical_flip=False):
        self.size = size
        if isinstance(size, numbers.Number):
            self.size = (int(size), int(size))
        else:
            assert len(size) == 2, "Please provide only two dimensions (h, w) for size."
            self.size = size
        self.vertical_flip = vertical_flip

    def __call__(self, img):
        return F.ten_crop(img, self.size, self.vertical_flip)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(size={0}, vertical_flip={1})'.format(self.size, self.vertical_flip)


class LinearTransformation(object):
    """Transform a tensor image with a square transformation matrix and a mean_vector computed
    offline.
    Given transformation_matrix and mean_vector, will flatten the torch.*Tensor and
    subtract mean_vector from it which is then followed by computing the dot
    product with the transformation matrix and then reshaping the tensor to its
    original shape.

    Applications:
        whitening transformation: Suppose X is a column vector zero-centered data.
        Then compute the data covariance matrix [D x D] with torch.mm(X.t(), X),
        perform SVD on this matrix and pass it as transformation_matrix.

    Args:
        transformation_matrix (Tensor): tensor [D x D], D = C x H x W
        mean_vector (Tensor): tensor [D], D = C x H x W
    """

    def __init__(self, transformation_matrix, mean_vector):
        if transformation_matrix.size(0) != transformation_matrix.size(1):
            raise ValueError("transformation_matrix should be square. Got " +
                             "[{} x {}] rectangular matrix.".format(*transformation_matrix.size()))

        if mean_vector.size(0) != transformation_matrix.size(0):
            raise ValueError("mean_vector should have the same length {}".format(mean_vector.size(0)) +
                             " as any one of the dimensions of the transformation_matrix [{} x {}]"
                             .format(transformation_matrix.size()))

        self.transformation_matrix = transformation_matrix
        self.mean_vector = mean_vector

    def __call__(self, tensor):
        """
        Args:
            tensor (Tensor): Tensor image of size (C, H, W) to be whitened.

        Returns:
            Tensor: Transformed image.
        """
        if tensor.size(0) * tensor.size(1) * tensor.size(2) != self.transformation_matrix.size(0):
            raise ValueError("tensor and transformation matrix have incompatible shape." +
                             "[{} x {} x {}] != ".format(*tensor.size()) +
                             "{}".format(self.transformation_matrix.size(0)))
        flat_tensor = tensor.view(1, -1) - self.mean_vector
        transformed_tensor = torch.mm(flat_tensor, self.transformation_matrix)
        tensor = transformed_tensor.view(tensor.size())
        return tensor

    def __repr__(self):
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '(transformation_matrix='
        format_string += (str(self.transformation_matrix.tolist()) + ')')
        format_string += (", (mean_vector=" + str(self.mean_vector.tolist()) + ')')
        return format_string


class ColorJitter(object):
    """Randomly change the brightness, contrast and saturation of an image.

    Args:
        brightness (float or tuple of float (min, max)): How much to jitter brightness.
            brightness_factor is chosen uniformly from [max(0, 1 - brightness), 1 + brightness]
            or the given [min, max]. Should be non negative numbers.
        contrast (float or tuple of float (min, max)): How much to jitter contrast.
            contrast_factor is chosen uniformly from [max(0, 1 - contrast), 1 + contrast]
            or the given [min, max]. Should be non negative numbers.
        saturation (float or tuple of float (min, max)): How much to jitter saturation.
            saturation_factor is chosen uniformly from [max(0, 1 - saturation), 1 + saturation]
            or the given [min, max]. Should be non negative numbers.
        hue (float or tuple of float (min, max)): How much to jitter hue.
            hue_factor is chosen uniformly from [-hue, hue] or the given [min, max].
    """

    def __init__(self, brightness=0, contrast=0, saturation=0, hue=0):
        # self.brightness = self._check_input(brightness, 'brightness')
        # self.contrast = self._check_input(contrast, 'contrast')
        # self.saturation = self._check_input(saturation, 'saturation')
        # self.hue = self._check_input(hue, 'hue')
        self.brightness = brightness
        self.contrast = contrast
        self.saturation = saturation
        self.hue = hue

    def _check_input(self, value, name, center=1, bound=(0, float('inf')), clip_first_on_zero=True):
        if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
            if value < 0:
                raise ValueError("If {} is a single number, it must be non negative.".format(name))
            value = [center - value, center + value]
            if clip_first_on_zero:
                value[0] = max(value[0], 0)
        elif isinstance(value, (tuple, list)) and len(value) == 2:
            if not bound[0] <= value[0] <= value[1] <= bound[1]:
                raise ValueError("{} values should be between {}".format(name, bound))
        else:
            raise TypeError("{} should be a single number or a list/tuple with lenght 2.".format(name))

        # if value is 0 or (1., 1.) for brightness/contrast/saturation
        # or (0., 0.) for hue, do nothing
        if value[0] == value[1] == center:
            value = None
        return value

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(brightness, contrast, saturation, hue):
        """Get a randomized transform to be applied on image.

        Arguments are same as that of __init__.

        Returns:
            Transform which randomly adjusts brightness, contrast and
            saturation in a random order.
        """
        transforms = []

        if brightness is not None:
            transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_brightness(img, brightness)))

        if contrast is not None:
            transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_contrast(img, contrast)))

        if saturation is not None:
            transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_saturation(img, saturation)))

        if hue is not None:
            transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_hue(img, hue)))

        # if brightness is not None:
        #     brightness_factor = random.uniform(brightness[0], brightness[1])
        #     transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_brightness(img, brightness_factor)))
        #
        # if contrast is not None:
        #     contrast_factor = random.uniform(contrast[0], contrast[1])
        #     transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_contrast(img, contrast_factor)))
        #
        # if saturation is not None:
        #     saturation_factor = random.uniform(saturation[0], saturation[1])
        #     transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_saturation(img, saturation_factor)))
        #
        # if hue is not None:
        #     hue_factor = random.uniform(hue[0], hue[1])
        #     transforms.append(Lambda(lambda img: F.adjust_hue(img, hue_factor)))

        random.shuffle(transforms)
        transform = Compose(transforms)

        return transform

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Input image.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Color jittered image.
        """
        transform = self.get_params(self.brightness, self.contrast,
                                    self.saturation, self.hue)
        return transform(img)

    def __repr__(self):
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '('
        format_string += 'brightness={0}'.format(self.brightness)
        format_string += ', contrast={0}'.format(self.contrast)
        format_string += ', saturation={0}'.format(self.saturation)
        format_string += ', hue={0})'.format(self.hue)
        return format_string


class RandomRotation(object):
    """Rotate the image by angle.

    Args:
        degrees (sequence or float or int): Range of degrees to select from.
            If degrees is a number instead of sequence like (min, max), the range of degrees
            will be (-degrees, +degrees).

    """

    def __init__(self, degrees):
        if isinstance(degrees, numbers.Number):
            if degrees < 0:
                raise ValueError("If degrees is a single number, it must be positive.")
            self.degrees = (-degrees, degrees)
        else:
            if len(degrees) != 2:
                raise ValueError("If degrees is a sequence, it must be of len 2.")
            self.degrees = degrees

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(degrees):
        """Get parameters for ``rotate`` for a random rotation.

        Returns:
            sequence: params to be passed to ``rotate`` for random rotation.
        """
        angle = random.uniform(degrees[0], degrees[1])

        return angle

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be rotated.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Rotated image.
        """

        angle = self.get_params(self.degrees)

        return F.rotate(img, angle)

    def __repr__(self):
        format_string = self.__class__.__name__ + '(degrees={0}'.format(self.degrees)
        # format_string += ', resample={0}'.format(self.resample)
        # format_string += ', expand={0}'.format(self.expand)
        # if self.center is not None:
        #     format_string += ', center={0}'.format(self.center)
        # format_string += ')'
        return format_string


class RandomAffine(object):
    """Random affine transformation of the image keeping center invariant

    Args:
        degrees (sequence or float or int): Range of degrees to select from.
            If degrees is a number instead of sequence like (min, max), the range of degrees
            will be (-degrees, +degrees). Set to 0 to deactivate rotations.
        translate (tuple, optional): tuple of maximum absolute fraction for horizontal
            and vertical translations. For example translate=(a, b), then horizontal shift
            is randomly sampled in the range -img_width * a < dx < img_width * a and vertical shift is
            randomly sampled in the range -img_height * b < dy < img_height * b. Will not translate by default.
        scale (tuple, optional): scaling factor interval, e.g (a, b), then scale is
            randomly sampled from the range a <= scale <= b. Will keep original scale by default.
        shear (sequence or float or int, optional): Range of degrees to select from.
            If shear is a number, a shear parallel to the x axis in the range (-shear, +shear)
            will be apllied. Else if shear is a tuple or list of 2 values a shear parallel to the x axis in the
            range (shear[0], shear[1]) will be applied. Else if shear is a tuple or list of 4 values,
            a x-axis shear in (shear[0], shear[1]) and y-axis shear in (shear[2], shear[3]) will be applied.
            Will not apply shear by default

    """

    def __init__(self, degrees, translate=None, scale=None, shear=None):
        if isinstance(degrees, numbers.Number):
            if degrees < 0:
                raise ValueError("If degrees is a single number, it must be positive.")
            self.degrees = (-degrees, degrees)
        else:
            assert isinstance(degrees, (tuple, list)) and len(degrees) == 2, \
                "degrees should be a list or tuple and it must be of length 2."
            self.degrees = degrees

        if translate is not None:
            assert isinstance(translate, (tuple, list)) and len(translate) == 2, \
                "translate should be a list or tuple and it must be of length 2."
            for t in translate:
                if not (0.0 <= t <= 1.0):
                    raise ValueError("translation values should be between 0 and 1")
        self.translate = translate

        if scale is not None:
            assert isinstance(scale, (tuple, list)) and len(scale) == 2, \
                "scale should be a list or tuple and it must be of length 2."
            for s in scale:
                if s <= 0:
                    raise ValueError("scale values should be positive")
        self.scale = scale

        if shear is not None:
            if isinstance(shear, numbers.Number):
                if shear < 0:
                    raise ValueError("If shear is a single number, it must be positive.")
                self.shear = (-shear, shear)
            else:
                assert isinstance(shear, (tuple, list)) and \
                       (len(shear) == 2 or len(shear) == 4), \
                    "shear should be a list or tuple and it must be of length 2 or 4."
                # X-Axis shear with [min, max]
                if len(shear) == 2:
                    self.shear = [shear[0], shear[1], 0., 0.]
                elif len(shear) == 4:
                    self.shear = [s for s in shear]
        else:
            self.shear = shear

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(degrees, translate, scale_ranges, shears, img_size):
        """Get parameters for affine transformation

        Returns:
            sequence: params to be passed to the affine transformation
        """
        angle = random.uniform(degrees[0], degrees[1])
        if translate is not None:
            max_dx = translate[0] * img_size[0]
            max_dy = translate[1] * img_size[1]
            translations = (int(np.round(random.uniform(-max_dx, max_dx))),
                            int(np.round(random.uniform(-max_dy, max_dy))))
        else:
            translations = (0, 0)

        if scale_ranges is not None:
            scale = random.uniform(scale_ranges[0], scale_ranges[1])
        else:
            scale = 1.0

        if shears is not None:
            if len(shears) == 2:
                shear = [random.uniform(shears[0], shears[1]), 0.]
            elif len(shears) == 4:
                shear = [random.uniform(shears[0], shears[1]),
                         random.uniform(shears[2], shears[3])]
        else:
            shear = 0.0

        return angle, translations, scale, shear

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be transformed.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Affine transformed image.
        """
        ret = self.get_params(self.degrees, self.translate, self.scale, self.shear, img.shape[:2])
        return F.affine(img, *ret)

    def __repr__(self):
        s = '{name}(degrees={degrees}'
        if self.translate is not None:
            s += ', translate={translate}'
        if self.scale is not None:
            s += ', scale={scale}'
        if self.shear is not None:
            s += ', shear={shear}'
        if self.resample > 0:
            s += ', resample={resample}'
        if self.fillcolor != 0:
            s += ', fillcolor={fillcolor}'
        s += ')'
        d = dict(self.__dict__)
        d['resample'] = _opencv_interpolation_to_str[d['resample']]
        return s.format(name=self.__class__.__name__, **d)


class Grayscale(object):
    """Convert image to grayscale.

    Args:
        num_output_channels (int): (1 or 3) number of channels desired for output image

    Returns:
        Numpy Image: Grayscale version of the input.
         - If ``num_output_channels == 1`` : returned image is single channel
         - If ``num_output_channels == 3`` : returned image is 3 channel with r == g == b

    """

    def __init__(self, num_output_channels=1):
        self.num_output_channels = num_output_channels

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be converted to grayscale.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Randomly grayscaled image.
        """
        return F.to_grayscale(img, num_output_channels=self.num_output_channels)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(num_output_channels={0})'.format(self.num_output_channels)


class RandomGrayscale(object):
    """Randomly convert image to grayscale with a probability of p (default 0.1).

    Args:
        p (float): probability that image should be converted to grayscale.

    Returns:
        Numpy Image: Grayscale version of the input image with probability p and unchanged
        with probability (1-p).
        - If input image is 1 channel: grayscale version is 1 channel
        - If input image is 3 channel: grayscale version is 3 channel with r == g == b

    """

    def __init__(self, p=0.1, num_output_channels=1):
        self.num_output_channels = num_output_channels
        self.p = p

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Numpy Image): Image to be converted to grayscale.

        Returns:
            Numpy Image: Randomly grayscaled image.
        """
        if random.random() < self.p:
            return F.to_grayscale(img, num_output_channels=self.num_output_channels)
        return img

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__class__.__name__ + '(p={0})'.format(self.p)


class RandomErasing(object):
    """ Randomly selects a rectangle region in an image and erases its pixels.
    'Random Erasing Data Augmentation' by Zhong et al. See https://arxiv.org/pdf/1708.04896.pdf

    Args:
         p: probability that the random erasing operation will be performed.
         scale: range of proportion of erased area against input image.
         ratio: range of aspect ratio of erased area.
         value: erasing value. Default is 0. If a single int, it is used to
            erase all pixels. If a tuple of length 3, it is used to erase
            R, G, B channels respectively.
            If a str of 'random', erasing each pixel with random values.
         inplace: boolean to make this transform inplace. Default set to False.

    Returns:
        Erased Image.

    # Examples:
        >>> transform = transforms.Compose([
        >>>   transforms.RandomHorizontalFlip(),
        >>>   transforms.ToTensor(),
        >>>   transforms.Normalize((0.485, 0.456, 0.406), (0.229, 0.224, 0.225)),
        >>>   transforms.RandomErasing(),
        >>> ])
    """

    def __init__(self, p=0.5, scale=(0.02, 0.33), ratio=(0.3, 3.3), value=0, inplace=False):
        assert isinstance(value, (numbers.Number, str, tuple, list))
        if (scale[0] > scale[1]) or (ratio[0] > ratio[1]):
            warnings.warn("range should be of kind (min, max)")
        if scale[0] < 0 or scale[1] > 1:
            raise ValueError("range of scale should be between 0 and 1")
        if p < 0 or p > 1:
            raise ValueError("range of random erasing probability should be between 0 and 1")

        self.p = p
        self.scale = scale
        self.ratio = ratio
        self.value = value
        self.inplace = inplace

    @staticmethod
    def get_params(img, scale, ratio, value=0):
        """Get parameters for ``erase`` for a random erasing.

        Args:
            img (Tensor): Tensor image of size (C, H, W) to be erased.
            scale: range of proportion of erased area against input image.
            ratio: range of aspect ratio of erased area.

        Returns:
            tuple: params (i, j, h, w, v) to be passed to ``erase`` for random erasing.
        """
        img_c, img_h, img_w = img.shape
        area = img_h * img_w

        for _ in range(10):
            erase_area = random.uniform(scale[0], scale[1]) * area
            aspect_ratio = random.uniform(ratio[0], ratio[1])

            h = int(round(math.sqrt(erase_area * aspect_ratio)))
            w = int(round(math.sqrt(erase_area / aspect_ratio)))

            if h < img_h and w < img_w:
                i = random.randint(0, img_h - h)
                j = random.randint(0, img_w - w)
                if isinstance(value, numbers.Number):
                    v = value
                elif isinstance(value, torch._six.string_classes):
                    v = torch.empty([img_c, h, w], dtype=torch.float32).normal_()
                elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
                    v = torch.tensor(value, dtype=torch.float32).view(-1, 1, 1).expand(-1, h, w)
                return i, j, h, w, v

        # Return original image
        return 0, 0, img_h, img_w, img

    def __call__(self, img):
        """
        Args:
            img (Tensor): Tensor image of size (C, H, W) to be erased.

        Returns:
            img (Tensor): Erased Tensor image.
        """
        if random.uniform(0, 1) < self.p:
            x, y, h, w, v = self.get_params(img, scale=self.scale, ratio=self.ratio, value=self.value)
            return F.erase(img, x, y, h, w, v, self.inplace)
        return img
