# Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
# Licensed under the MIT License.

import numpy as np
import unittest
import pytest
import warnings
from numpy.random import binomial, choice, normal, uniform
from sklearn.exceptions import DataConversionWarning
from sklearn.linear_model import LinearRegression, Lasso, LassoCV, LogisticRegression, LogisticRegressionCV
from sklearn.multioutput import MultiOutputRegressor
from sklearn.pipeline import Pipeline
from econml.ortho_forest import DMLOrthoForest, DROrthoForest
from econml.sklearn_extensions.linear_model import WeightedLassoCVWrapper
from econml.causal_forest import CausalForest


class TestOrthoForest(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        np.random.seed(123)
        # DGP constants
        cls.n = 2000
        cls.d_w = 5
        cls.support_size = 1
        cls.d_x = 1
        cls.epsilon_sample = lambda n: uniform(-1, 1, size=n)
        cls.eta_sample = lambda n: uniform(-1, 1, size=n)
        cls.support = choice(range(cls.d_w), size=cls.support_size, replace=False)
        cls.coefs_T = uniform(0, 1, size=cls.support_size)
        cls.coefs_Y = uniform(0, 1, size=cls.support_size)
        # Generate data
        cls.X = uniform(0, 1, size=(cls.n, cls.d_x))
        cls.W = normal(0, 1, size=(cls.n, cls.d_w))
        # Test data
        cls.x_test = normal(0, 1, size=(10, cls.d_x))
        cls.x_test[:, 0] = np.arange(0, 1, 0.1)
        cls.expected_exp_te = np.array([cls._exp_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.x_test])
        cls.expected_const_te = np.array([cls._const_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.x_test])
        # Remove warnings that might be raised by the models passed into the ORF
        warnings.filterwarnings("ignore")

    def test_continuous_treatments(self):
        np.random.seed(123)
        for global_residualization in [False, True]:
            # Generate data with continuous treatments
            T = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_T) + \
                TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
            TE = np.array([self._exp_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.X])
            Y = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_Y) + \
                T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
            # Instantiate model with most of the default parameters. Using n_jobs=1 since code coverage
            # does not work well with parallelism.
            est = DMLOrthoForest(n_jobs=1, n_trees=10,
                                 model_T=Lasso(),
                                 model_Y=Lasso(),
                                 model_T_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(),
                                 model_Y_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(),
                                 global_residualization=global_residualization)
            # Test inputs for continuous treatments
            # --> Check that one can pass in regular lists
            est.fit(list(Y), list(T), X=list(TestOrthoForest.X), W=list(TestOrthoForest.W))
            # --> Check that it fails correctly if lists of different shape are passed in
            self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2], T[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2],
                              TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
            # Check that outputs have the correct shape
            out_te = est.const_marginal_effect(TestOrthoForest.x_test)
            self.assertEqual(TestOrthoForest.x_test.shape[0], out_te.shape[0])
            # Test continuous treatments with controls
            est = DMLOrthoForest(n_trees=100, min_leaf_size=10,
                                 max_depth=50, subsample_ratio=0.50, bootstrap=False, n_jobs=1,
                                 model_T=Lasso(alpha=0.024),
                                 model_Y=Lasso(alpha=0.024),
                                 model_T_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(cv=5),
                                 model_Y_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(cv=5),
                                 global_residualization=global_residualization,
                                 global_res_cv=5)
            est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W, inference="blb")
            self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.5)
            self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5)
            # Test continuous treatments without controls
            T = TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
            Y = T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
            est.fit(Y, T, TestOrthoForest.X, inference="blb")
            self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.5)
            self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5)

        # Test Causal Forest API
        # Generate data with continuous treatments
        T = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_T) + \
            TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        TE = np.array([self._exp_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.X])
        Y = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_Y) + \
            T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        # Instantiate model with most of the default parameters.
        est = CausalForest(n_jobs=-1, n_trees=10,
                           model_T=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(),
                           model_Y=WeightedLassoCVWrapper())
        # Test inputs for continuous treatments
        # --> Check that one can pass in regular lists
        est.fit(list(Y), list(T), X=list(TestOrthoForest.X), W=list(TestOrthoForest.W))
        # --> Check that it fails correctly if lists of different shape are passed in
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2], T[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2],
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # Check that outputs have the correct shape
        out_te = est.const_marginal_effect(TestOrthoForest.x_test)
        self.assertEqual(TestOrthoForest.x_test.shape[0], out_te.shape[0])
        # Test continuous treatments with controls
        est = CausalForest(n_jobs=-1, n_trees=100, min_leaf_size=10,
                           max_depth=50, subsample_ratio=0.50,
                           model_T=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(),
                           model_Y=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(), cv=5)
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W, inference="blb")
        self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.5)
        self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5)
        # Test continuous treatments without controls
        T = TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        Y = T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, inference="blb")
        self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.5)
        self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5)

    def test_binary_treatments(self):
        np.random.seed(123)
        # Generate data with binary treatments
        log_odds = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_T) + \
            TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        T_sigmoid = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-log_odds))
        T = np.array([np.random.binomial(1, p) for p in T_sigmoid])
        TE = np.array([self._exp_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.X])
        Y = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_Y) + \
            T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        # Instantiate model with default params. Using n_jobs=1 since code coverage
        # does not work well with parallelism.
        est = DROrthoForest(n_trees=10, n_jobs=1,
                            propensity_model=LogisticRegression(), model_Y=Lasso(),
                            propensity_model_final=LogisticRegressionCV(penalty='l1', solver='saga'),
                            model_Y_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper())
        # Test inputs for binary treatments
        # --> Check that one can pass in regular lists
        est.fit(list(Y), list(T), X=list(TestOrthoForest.X), W=list(TestOrthoForest.W))
        # --> Check that it fails correctly if lists of different shape are passed in
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2], T[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2],
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # --> Check that it works when T, Y have shape (n, 1)
        est.fit(Y.reshape(-1, 1), T.reshape(-1, 1), X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W)
        # --> Check that it fails correctly when T has shape (n, 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y, np.ones((TestOrthoForest.n, 2)),
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # --> Check that it fails correctly when the treatments are not numeric
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y, np.array(["a"] * TestOrthoForest.n),
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # Check that outputs have the correct shape
        out_te = est.const_marginal_effect(TestOrthoForest.x_test)
        self.assertSequenceEqual((TestOrthoForest.x_test.shape[0], 1, 1), out_te.shape)
        # Test binary treatments with controls
        est = DROrthoForest(n_trees=100, min_leaf_size=10,
                            max_depth=30, subsample_ratio=0.30, bootstrap=False, n_jobs=1,
                            propensity_model=LogisticRegression(
                                C=1 / 0.024, penalty='l1', solver='saga'),
                            model_Y=Lasso(alpha=0.024),
                            propensity_model_final=LogisticRegressionCV(penalty='l1', solver='saga'),
                            model_Y_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper())
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W, inference="blb")
        self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.7, treatment_type='discrete')
        self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5, treatment_type='discrete')
        # Test binary treatments without controls
        log_odds = TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        T_sigmoid = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-log_odds))
        T = np.array([np.random.binomial(1, p) for p in T_sigmoid])
        Y = T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, inference="blb")
        self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.5, treatment_type='discrete')
        self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5, treatment_type='discrete')

        # Test CausalForest API
        np.random.seed(123)
        # Generate data with binary treatments
        log_odds = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_T) + \
            TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        T_sigmoid = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-log_odds))
        T = np.array([np.random.binomial(1, p) for p in T_sigmoid])
        TE = np.array([self._exp_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.X])
        Y = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_Y) + \
            T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        # Instantiate model with default params. Using n_jobs=1 since code coverage
        # does not work well with parallelism.
        est = CausalForest(n_trees=10, n_jobs=-1,
                           model_Y=Lasso(),
                           model_T=LogisticRegressionCV(penalty='l1', solver='saga'))
        # Test inputs for binary treatments
        # --> Check that one can pass in regular lists
        est.fit(list(Y), list(T), X=list(TestOrthoForest.X), W=list(TestOrthoForest.W))
        # --> Check that it fails correctly if lists of different shape are passed in
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2], T[:TestOrthoForest.n // 2],
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # --> Check that it works when T, Y have shape (n, 1)
        est.fit(Y.reshape(-1, 1), T.reshape(-1, 1), X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W)
        # --> Check that it fails correctly when T has shape (n, 2)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y, np.ones((TestOrthoForest.n, 2)),
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # --> Check that it fails correctly when the treatments are not numeric
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, est.fit, Y, np.array(["a"] * TestOrthoForest.n),
                          TestOrthoForest.X, TestOrthoForest.W)
        # Check that outputs have the correct shape
        out_te = est.const_marginal_effect(TestOrthoForest.x_test)
        self.assertSequenceEqual((TestOrthoForest.x_test.shape[0], 1, 1), out_te.shape)
        # Test binary treatments with controls
        est = CausalForest(n_trees=100, min_leaf_size=10,
                           max_depth=30, subsample_ratio=0.30, n_jobs=-1,
                           model_Y=Lasso(),
                           model_T=LogisticRegressionCV(penalty='l1', solver='saga'),
                           discrete_treatment=True,
                           cv=5)
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W, inference="blb")
        self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.7, treatment_type='discrete')
        self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5, treatment_type='discrete')
        # Test binary treatments without controls
        log_odds = TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        T_sigmoid = 1 / (1 + np.exp(-log_odds))
        T = np.array([np.random.binomial(1, p) for p in T_sigmoid])
        Y = T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, inference="blb")
        self._test_te(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=0.5, treatment_type='discrete')
        self._test_ci(est, TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, tol=1.5, treatment_type='discrete')

    def test_multiple_treatments(self):
        np.random.seed(123)
        # Only applicable to continuous treatments
        # Generate data for 2 treatments
        TE = np.array([[TestOrthoForest._exp_te(x), TestOrthoForest._const_te(x)] for x in TestOrthoForest.X])
        coefs_T = uniform(0, 1, size=(TestOrthoForest.support_size, 2))
        T = np.matmul(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], coefs_T) + \
            uniform(-1, 1, size=(TestOrthoForest.n, 2))
        delta_Y = np.array([np.dot(TE[i], T[i]) for i in range(TestOrthoForest.n)])
        Y = delta_Y + np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_Y) + \
            TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        for global_residualization in [False, True]:
            # Test multiple treatments with controls
            est = DMLOrthoForest(n_trees=100, min_leaf_size=10,
                                 max_depth=50, subsample_ratio=0.50, bootstrap=False, n_jobs=1,
                                 model_T=MultiOutputRegressor(Lasso(alpha=0.024)),
                                 model_Y=Lasso(alpha=0.024),
                                 model_T_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(cv=5),
                                 model_Y_final=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(cv=5),
                                 global_residualization=global_residualization,
                                 global_res_cv=5)
            est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W, inference="blb")
            expected_te = np.array([TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, TestOrthoForest.expected_const_te]).T
            self._test_te(est, expected_te, tol=0.5, treatment_type='multi')
            self._test_ci(est, expected_te, tol=2.0, treatment_type='multi')

        # Test CausalForest API
        est = CausalForest(n_trees=100, min_leaf_size=10,
                           max_depth=50, subsample_ratio=0.50, n_jobs=-1,
                           model_T=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(cv=5),
                           model_Y=WeightedLassoCVWrapper(cv=5),
                           cv=5)
        est.fit(Y, T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W, inference="blb")
        expected_te = np.array([TestOrthoForest.expected_exp_te, TestOrthoForest.expected_const_te]).T
        self._test_te(est, expected_te, tol=0.5, treatment_type='multi')
        self._test_ci(est, expected_te, tol=2.0, treatment_type='multi')

    def test_effect_shape(self):
        import scipy.special
        np.random.seed(123)
        n = 40  # number of raw samples
        d = 4  # number of binary features + 1

        # Generating random segments aka binary features. We will use features 0,...,3 for heterogeneity.
        # The rest for controls. Just as an example.
        X = np.random.binomial(1, .5, size=(n, d))
        # Generating A/B test data
        T = np.random.binomial(2, .5, size=(n,))
        # Generating an outcome with treatment effect heterogeneity. The first binary feature creates heterogeneity
        # We also have confounding on the first variable. We also have heteroskedastic errors.
        y = (-1 + 2 * X[:, 0]) * T + X[:, 0] + (1 * X[:, 0] + 1) * np.random.normal(0, 1, size=(n,))
        from sklearn.dummy import DummyClassifier, DummyRegressor
        est = DROrthoForest(n_trees=10,
                            model_Y=DummyRegressor(strategy='mean'),
                            propensity_model=DummyClassifier(strategy='prior'),
                            n_jobs=1)
        est.fit(y, T, X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 2), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 2), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        est.fit(y.reshape(-1, 1), T, X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 2), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 2), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        # Test causal foret API
        est = CausalForest(n_trees=10, model_Y=DummyRegressor(strategy='mean'),
                           model_T=DummyClassifier(strategy='prior'), discrete_treatment=True,
                           n_jobs=1)
        est.fit(y, T, X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 2), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 2), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        est.fit(y.reshape(-1, 1), T, X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 2), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 2), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 2), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"

        from sklearn.dummy import DummyClassifier, DummyRegressor
        for global_residualization in [False, True]:
            est = DMLOrthoForest(n_trees=10, model_Y=DummyRegressor(strategy='mean'),
                                 model_T=DummyRegressor(strategy='mean'),
                                 global_residualization=global_residualization,
                                 n_jobs=1)
            est.fit(y.reshape(-1, 1), T.reshape(-1, 1), X=X)
            assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 1), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 1), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            est.fit(y.reshape(-1, 1), T, X=X)
            assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
            print(lb.shape)
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            est.fit(y, T, X=X)
            assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
            assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
            assert lb.shape == (3,), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3,), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
            assert lb.shape == (3,), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
            lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
            assert lb.shape == (3,), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"

        # Test Causal Forest API
        est = CausalForest(n_trees=10, model_Y=DummyRegressor(strategy='mean'),
                           model_T=DummyRegressor(strategy='mean'),
                           n_jobs=1)
        est.fit(y.reshape(-1, 1), T.reshape(-1, 1), X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 1), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 1, 1), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        est.fit(y.reshape(-1, 1), T, X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3, 1), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3, 1), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        est.fit(y, T, X=X)
        assert est.const_marginal_effect(X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Const Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.marginal_effect(1, X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Marginal Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3]).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=0, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        assert est.effect(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).shape == (3,), "Effect dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_interval(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2)
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.effect_inference(X[:3], T0=1, T1=2).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_interval(X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.const_marginal_effect_inference(X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Const Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_interval(1, X[:3])
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"
        lb, _ = est.marginal_effect_inference(1, X[:3]).conf_int()
        assert lb.shape == (3,), "Marginal Effect interval dimension incorrect"

    def test_nuisance_model_has_weights(self):
        """Test whether the correct exception is being raised if model_final doesn't have weights."""

        # Create a wrapper around Lasso that doesn't support weights
        # since Lasso does natively support them starting in sklearn 0.23
        class NoWeightModel:
            def __init__(self):
                self.model = Lasso()

            def fit(self, X, y):
                self.model.fit(X, y)
                return self

            def predict(self, X):
                return self.model.predict(X)

        # Generate data with continuous treatments
        T = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_T) + \
            TestOrthoForest.eta_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        TE = np.array([self._exp_te(x) for x in TestOrthoForest.X])
        Y = np.dot(TestOrthoForest.W[:, TestOrthoForest.support], TestOrthoForest.coefs_Y) + \
            T * TE + TestOrthoForest.epsilon_sample(TestOrthoForest.n)
        # Instantiate model with most of the default parameters
        est = DMLOrthoForest(n_jobs=4, n_trees=10,
                             model_T=NoWeightModel(),
                             model_Y=NoWeightModel())
        est.fit(Y=Y, T=T, X=TestOrthoForest.X, W=TestOrthoForest.W)
        weights_error_msg = (
            "Estimators of type {} do not accept weights. "
            "Consider using the class WeightedModelWrapper from econml.utilities to build a weighted model."
        )
        self.assertRaisesRegexp(TypeError, weights_error_msg.format("NoWeightModel"),
                                est.effect, X=TestOrthoForest.X)

    def _test_te(self, learner_instance, expected_te, tol, treatment_type='continuous'):
        # Compute the treatment effect on test points
        te_hat = learner_instance.const_marginal_effect(
            TestOrthoForest.x_test
        )
        # Compute treatment effect residuals
        if treatment_type == 'continuous':
            te_res = np.abs(expected_te - te_hat)
        elif treatment_type == 'discrete':
            te_res = np.abs(expected_te - te_hat[:, 0])
        else:
            # Multiple treatments
            te_res = np.abs(expected_te - te_hat)
        # Allow at most 10% test points to be outside of the tolerance interval
        self.assertLessEqual(np.mean(te_res > tol), 0.2)

    def _test_ci(self, learner_instance, expected_te, tol, treatment_type='continuous'):

        for te_lower, te_upper in\
            [learner_instance.const_marginal_effect_interval(TestOrthoForest.x_test),
             learner_instance.const_marginal_effect_inference(TestOrthoForest.x_test).conf_int()]:

            # Compute treatment effect residuals
            if treatment_type == 'continuous':
                delta_ci_upper = te_upper - expected_te
                delta_ci_lower = expected_te - te_lower
            elif treatment_type == 'discrete':
                delta_ci_upper = te_upper[:, 0] - expected_te
                delta_ci_lower = expected_te - te_lower[:, 0]
            else:
                # Multiple treatments
                delta_ci_upper = te_upper - expected_te
                delta_ci_lower = expected_te - te_lower
            # Allow at most 20% test points to be outside of the confidence interval
            # Check that the intervals are not too wide
            self.assertLessEqual(np.mean(delta_ci_upper < 0), 0.2)
            self.assertLessEqual(np.mean(np.abs(delta_ci_upper) > tol), 0.2)
            self.assertLessEqual(np.mean(delta_ci_lower < 0), 0.2)
            self.assertLessEqual(np.mean(np.abs(delta_ci_lower) > tol), 0.2)

    @classmethod
    def _const_te(cls, x):
        return 2

    @classmethod
    def _exp_te(cls, x):
        return np.exp(x[0] * 2)
