/*
Audio playback and capture library. Choice of public domain or MIT-0. See license statements at the end of this file.
miniaudio - v0.10.12 - 2020-07-04

David Reid - davidreidsoftware@gmail.com

Website: https://miniaud.io
GitHub:  https://github.com/dr-soft/miniaudio
*/
#include "miniaudio.h"

#ifndef miniaudio_c
#define miniaudio_c

#include <assert.h>
#include <limits.h> /* For INT_MAX */
#include <math.h>   /* sin(), etc. */

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#if !defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__DMC__)
    #include <strings.h>    /* For strcasecmp(). */
    #include <wchar.h>      /* For wcslen(), wcsrtombs() */
#endif

#ifdef MA_WIN32
#include <windows.h>
#else
#include <stdlib.h>     /* For malloc(), free(), wcstombs(). */
#include <string.h>     /* For memset() */
#include <sched.h>
#include <sys/time.h>   /* select() (used for ma_sleep()). */
#endif

#include <sys/stat.h>   /* For fstat(), etc. */

#ifdef MA_EMSCRIPTEN
#include <emscripten/emscripten.h>
#endif

#if !defined(MA_64BIT) && !defined(MA_32BIT)
#ifdef _WIN32
#ifdef _WIN64
#define MA_64BIT
#else
#define MA_32BIT
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if !defined(MA_64BIT) && !defined(MA_32BIT)
#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifdef __LP64__
#define MA_64BIT
#else
#define MA_32BIT
#endif
#endif
#endif

#if !defined(MA_64BIT) && !defined(MA_32BIT)
#include <stdint.h>
#if INTPTR_MAX == INT64_MAX
#define MA_64BIT
#else
#define MA_32BIT
#endif
#endif

/* Architecture Detection */
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
#define MA_X64
#elif defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
#define MA_X86
#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)
#define MA_ARM
#endif

/* Cannot currently support AVX-512 if AVX is disabled. */
#if !defined(MA_NO_AVX512) && defined(MA_NO_AVX2)
#define MA_NO_AVX512
#endif

/* Intrinsics Support */
#if defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
        /* MSVC. */
        #if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !defined(MA_NO_SSE2)   /* 2005 */
            #define MA_SUPPORT_SSE2
        #endif
        /*#if _MSC_VER >= 1600 && !defined(MA_NO_AVX)*/    /* 2010 */
        /*    #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX*/
        /*#endif*/
        #if _MSC_VER >= 1700 && !defined(MA_NO_AVX2)   /* 2012 */
            #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX2
        #endif
        #if _MSC_VER >= 1910 && !defined(MA_NO_AVX512) /* 2017 */
            #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX512
        #endif
    #else
        /* Assume GNUC-style. */
        #if defined(__SSE2__) && !defined(MA_NO_SSE2)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_SSE2
        #endif
        /*#if defined(__AVX__) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX)*/
        /*    #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX*/
        /*#endif*/
        #if defined(__AVX2__) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX2)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX2
        #endif
        #if defined(__AVX512F__) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX512)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX512
        #endif
    #endif

    /* If at this point we still haven't determined compiler support for the intrinsics just fall back to __has_include. */
    #if !defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_include)
        #if !defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)   && !defined(MA_NO_SSE2)   && __has_include(<emmintrin.h>)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_SSE2
        #endif
        /*#if !defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX)    && !defined(MA_NO_AVX)    && __has_include(<immintrin.h>)*/
        /*    #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX*/
        /*#endif*/
        #if !defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)   && !defined(MA_NO_AVX2)   && __has_include(<immintrin.h>)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX2
        #endif
        #if !defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX512) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX512) && __has_include(<zmmintrin.h>)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_AVX512
        #endif
    #endif

    #if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX512)
        #include <immintrin.h>  /* Not a mistake. Intentionally including <immintrin.h> instead of <zmmintrin.h> because otherwise the compiler will complain. */
    #elif defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2) || defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX)
        #include <immintrin.h>
    #elif defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
        #include <emmintrin.h>
    #endif
#endif

#if defined(MA_ARM)
    #if !defined(MA_NO_NEON) && (defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64))
        #define MA_SUPPORT_NEON
    #endif

    /* Fall back to looking for the #include file. */
    #if !defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_include)
        #if !defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON) && !defined(MA_NO_NEON) && __has_include(<arm_neon.h>)
            #define MA_SUPPORT_NEON
        #endif
    #endif

    #if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
        #include <arm_neon.h>
    #endif
#endif

/* Begin globally disabled warnings. */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    #pragma warning(push)
    #pragma warning(disable:4752)   /* found Intel(R) Advanced Vector Extensions; consider using /arch:AVX */
#endif

#if defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
        #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
            #include <intrin.h>
            static MA_INLINE void ma_cpuid(int info[4], int fid)
            {
                __cpuid(info, fid);
            }
        #else
            #define MA_NO_CPUID
        #endif

        #if _MSC_VER >= 1600 && (defined(_MSC_FULL_VER) && _MSC_FULL_VER >= 160040219)
            static MA_INLINE unsigned __int64 ma_xgetbv(int reg)
            {
                return _xgetbv(reg);
            }
        #else
            #define MA_NO_XGETBV
        #endif
    #elif (defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)) && !defined(MA_ANDROID)
        static MA_INLINE void ma_cpuid(int info[4], int fid)
        {
            /*
            It looks like the -fPIC option uses the ebx register which GCC complains about. We can work around this by just using a different register, the
            specific register of which I'm letting the compiler decide on. The "k" prefix is used to specify a 32-bit register. The {...} syntax is for
            supporting different assembly dialects.
            
            What's basically happening is that we're saving and restoring the ebx register manually.
            */
            #if defined(DRFLAC_X86) && defined(__PIC__)
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                    "xchg{l} {%%}ebx, %k1;"
                    "cpuid;"
                    "xchg{l} {%%}ebx, %k1;"
                    : "=a"(info[0]), "=&r"(info[1]), "=c"(info[2]), "=d"(info[3]) : "a"(fid), "c"(0)
                );
            #else
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                    "cpuid" : "=a"(info[0]), "=b"(info[1]), "=c"(info[2]), "=d"(info[3]) : "a"(fid), "c"(0)
                );
            #endif
        }

        static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_xgetbv(int reg)
        {
            unsigned int hi;
            unsigned int lo;

            __asm__ __volatile__ (
                "xgetbv" : "=a"(lo), "=d"(hi) : "c"(reg)
            );

            return ((ma_uint64)hi << 32) | (ma_uint64)lo;
        }
    #else
        #define MA_NO_CPUID
        #define MA_NO_XGETBV
    #endif
#else
    #define MA_NO_CPUID
    #define MA_NO_XGETBV
#endif

static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_has_sse2(void)
{
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    #if (defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)) && !defined(MA_NO_SSE2)
        #if defined(MA_X64)
            return MA_TRUE;    /* 64-bit targets always support SSE2. */
        #elif (defined(_M_IX86_FP) && _M_IX86_FP == 2) || defined(__SSE2__)
            return MA_TRUE;    /* If the compiler is allowed to freely generate SSE2 code we can assume support. */
        #else
            #if defined(MA_NO_CPUID)
                return MA_FALSE;
            #else
                int info[4];
                ma_cpuid(info, 1);
                return (info[3] & (1 << 26)) != 0;
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        return MA_FALSE;       /* SSE2 is only supported on x86 and x64 architectures. */
    #endif
#else
    return MA_FALSE;           /* No compiler support. */
#endif
}

#if 0
static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_has_avx()
{
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX)
    #if (defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX)
        #if defined(_AVX_) || defined(__AVX__)
            return MA_TRUE;    /* If the compiler is allowed to freely generate AVX code we can assume support. */
        #else
            /* AVX requires both CPU and OS support. */
            #if defined(MA_NO_CPUID) || defined(MA_NO_XGETBV)
                return MA_FALSE;
            #else
                int info[4];
                ma_cpuid(info, 1);
                if (((info[2] & (1 << 27)) != 0) && ((info[2] & (1 << 28)) != 0)) {
                    ma_uint64 xrc = ma_xgetbv(0);
                    if ((xrc & 0x06) == 0x06) {
                        return MA_TRUE;
                    } else {
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }
                } else {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        return MA_FALSE;       /* AVX is only supported on x86 and x64 architectures. */
    #endif
#else
    return MA_FALSE;           /* No compiler support. */
#endif
}
#endif

static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_has_avx2(void)
{
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
    #if (defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX2)
        #if defined(_AVX2_) || defined(__AVX2__)
            return MA_TRUE;    /* If the compiler is allowed to freely generate AVX2 code we can assume support. */
        #else
            /* AVX2 requires both CPU and OS support. */
            #if defined(MA_NO_CPUID) || defined(MA_NO_XGETBV)
                return MA_FALSE;
            #else
                int info1[4];
                int info7[4];
                ma_cpuid(info1, 1);
                ma_cpuid(info7, 7);
                if (((info1[2] & (1 << 27)) != 0) && ((info7[1] & (1 << 5)) != 0)) {
                    ma_uint64 xrc = ma_xgetbv(0);
                    if ((xrc & 0x06) == 0x06) {
                        return MA_TRUE;
                    } else {
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }
                } else {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        return MA_FALSE;       /* AVX2 is only supported on x86 and x64 architectures. */
    #endif
#else
    return MA_FALSE;           /* No compiler support. */
#endif
}

static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_has_avx512f(void)
{
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX512)
    #if (defined(MA_X64) || defined(MA_X86)) && !defined(MA_NO_AVX512)
        #if defined(__AVX512F__)
            return MA_TRUE;    /* If the compiler is allowed to freely generate AVX-512F code we can assume support. */
        #else
            /* AVX-512 requires both CPU and OS support. */
            #if defined(MA_NO_CPUID) || defined(MA_NO_XGETBV)
                return MA_FALSE;
            #else
                int info1[4];
                int info7[4];
                ma_cpuid(info1, 1);
                ma_cpuid(info7, 7);
                if (((info1[2] & (1 << 27)) != 0) && ((info7[1] & (1 << 16)) != 0)) {
                    ma_uint64 xrc = ma_xgetbv(0);
                    if ((xrc & 0xE6) == 0xE6) {
                        return MA_TRUE;
                    } else {
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }
                } else {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        return MA_FALSE;       /* AVX-512F is only supported on x86 and x64 architectures. */
    #endif
#else
    return MA_FALSE;           /* No compiler support. */
#endif
}

static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_has_neon(void)
{
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
    #if defined(MA_ARM) && !defined(MA_NO_NEON)
        #if (defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64))
            return MA_TRUE;    /* If the compiler is allowed to freely generate NEON code we can assume support. */
        #else
            /* TODO: Runtime check. */
            return MA_FALSE;
        #endif
    #else
        return MA_FALSE;       /* NEON is only supported on ARM architectures. */
    #endif
#else
    return MA_FALSE;           /* No compiler support. */
#endif
}

#define MA_SIMD_NONE    0
#define MA_SIMD_SSE2    1
#define MA_SIMD_AVX2    2
#define MA_SIMD_NEON    3

#ifndef MA_PREFERRED_SIMD
    #  if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2) && defined(MA_PREFER_SSE2)
        #define MA_PREFERRED_SIMD MA_SIMD_SSE2
    #elif defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2) && defined(MA_PREFER_AVX2)
        #define MA_PREFERRED_SIMD MA_SIMD_AVX2
    #elif defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON) && defined(MA_PREFER_NEON)
        #define MA_PREFERRED_SIMD MA_SIMD_NEON
    #else
        #define MA_PREFERRED_SIMD MA_SIMD_NONE
    #endif
#endif


#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
    #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
#elif defined(__clang__)
    #if defined(__has_builtin)
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap16)
            #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
        #endif
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap32)
            #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
        #endif
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
            #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
        #endif
    #endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
        #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
        #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
    #endif
    #if ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))
        #define MA_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #endif
#endif


static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_is_little_endian(void)
{
#if defined(MA_X86) || defined(MA_X64)
    return MA_TRUE;
#else
    int n = 1;
    return (*(char*)&n) == 1;
#endif
}

static MA_INLINE ma_bool32 ma_is_big_endian(void)
{
    return !ma_is_little_endian();
}


static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_swap_endian_uint32(ma_uint32 n)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_ulong(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        #if defined(MA_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 6) && !defined(MA_64BIT)   /* <-- 64-bit inline assembly has not been tested, so disabling for now. */
            /* Inline assembly optimized implementation for ARM. In my testing, GCC does not generate optimized code with __builtin_bswap32(). */
            ma_uint32 r;
            __asm__ __volatile__ (
            #if defined(MA_64BIT)
                "rev %w[out], %w[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(n)   /* <-- This is untested. If someone in the community could test this, that would be appreciated! */
            #else
                "rev %[out], %[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(n)
            #endif
            );
            return r;
        #else
            return __builtin_bswap32(n);
        #endif
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF000000) >> 24) |
           ((n & 0x00FF0000) >>  8) |
           ((n & 0x0000FF00) <<  8) |
           ((n & 0x000000FF) << 24);
#endif
}


#if !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
#ifdef MA_WIN32
static void ma_sleep__win32(ma_uint32 milliseconds)
{
    Sleep((DWORD)milliseconds);
}
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
static void ma_sleep__posix(ma_uint32 milliseconds)
{
#ifdef MA_EMSCRIPTEN
    (void)milliseconds;
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);  /* The Emscripten build should never sleep. */
#else
    #if _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L
        struct timespec ts;
        ts.tv_sec  = milliseconds / 1000;
        ts.tv_nsec = milliseconds % 1000 * 1000000;
        nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
    #else
        struct timeval tv;
        tv.tv_sec  = milliseconds / 1000;
        tv.tv_usec = milliseconds % 1000 * 1000;
        select(0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv);
    #endif
#endif
}
#endif

static void ma_sleep(ma_uint32 milliseconds)
{
#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_sleep__win32(milliseconds);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_sleep__posix(milliseconds);
#endif
}
#endif

#if !defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
static MA_INLINE void ma_yield()
{
#if defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
    /* x86/x64 */
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
        #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
            _mm_pause();
        #else
            __asm pause;
        #endif
    #else
        __asm__ __volatile__ ("pause");
    #endif
#elif (defined(__arm__) && defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 6) || (defined(_M_ARM) && _M_ARM >= 6)
    /* ARM */
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        /* Apparently there is a __yield() intrinsic that's compatible with ARM, but I cannot find documentation for it nor can I find where it's declared. */
        __yield();
    #else
        __asm__ __volatile__ ("yield");
    #endif
#else
    /* Unknown or unsupported architecture. No-op. */
#endif
}
#endif



#ifndef MA_COINIT_VALUE
#define MA_COINIT_VALUE    0   /* 0 = COINIT_MULTITHREADED */
#endif



#ifndef MA_PI
#define MA_PI      3.14159265358979323846264f
#endif
#ifndef MA_PI_D
#define MA_PI_D    3.14159265358979323846264
#endif
#ifndef MA_TAU
#define MA_TAU     6.28318530717958647693f
#endif
#ifndef MA_TAU_D
#define MA_TAU_D   6.28318530717958647693
#endif


/* The default format when ma_format_unknown (0) is requested when initializing a device. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_FORMAT
#define MA_DEFAULT_FORMAT                                   ma_format_f32
#endif

/* The default channel count to use when 0 is used when initializing a device. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_CHANNELS
#define MA_DEFAULT_CHANNELS                                 2
#endif

/* The default sample rate to use when 0 is used when initializing a device. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE
#define MA_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE                              48000
#endif

/* Default periods when none is specified in ma_device_init(). More periods means more work on the CPU. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_PERIODS
#define MA_DEFAULT_PERIODS                                  3
#endif

/* The default period size in milliseconds for low latency mode. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_LOW_LATENCY
#define MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_LOW_LATENCY  10
#endif

/* The default buffer size in milliseconds for conservative mode. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_CONSERVATIVE
#define MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_CONSERVATIVE 100
#endif

/* The default LPF filter order for linear resampling. Note that this is clamped to MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER. */
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER
    #if MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER >= 4
        #define MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER  4
    #else
        #define MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER  MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER
    #endif
#endif


#if defined(__GNUC__)
    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-variable"
#endif
/* Standard sample rates, in order of priority. */
static ma_uint32 g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[] = {
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_48000,  /* Most common */
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_44100,

    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_32000,  /* Lows */
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_24000,
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_22050,

    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_88200,  /* Highs */
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_96000,
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_176400,
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_192000,

    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_16000,  /* Extreme lows */
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_11025,
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_8000,

    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_352800, /* Extreme highs */
    MA_SAMPLE_RATE_384000
};

static ma_format g_maFormatPriorities[] = {
    ma_format_s16,         /* Most common */
    ma_format_f32,
    
    /*ma_format_s24_32,*/    /* Clean alignment */
    ma_format_s32,
    
    ma_format_s24,         /* Unclean alignment */
    
    ma_format_u8           /* Low quality */
};
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif


MA_API void ma_version(ma_uint32* pMajor, ma_uint32* pMinor, ma_uint32* pRevision)
{
    if (pMajor) {
        *pMajor = MA_VERSION_MAJOR;
    }

    if (pMinor) {
        *pMinor = MA_VERSION_MINOR;
    }

    if (pRevision) {
        *pRevision = MA_VERSION_REVISION;
    }
}

MA_API const char* ma_version_string()
{
    return MA_VERSION_STRING;
}


/******************************************************************************

Standard Library Stuff

******************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_MALLOC
#ifdef MA_WIN32
#define MA_MALLOC(sz) HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (sz))
#else
#define MA_MALLOC(sz) malloc((sz))
#endif
#endif

#ifndef MA_REALLOC
#ifdef MA_WIN32
#define MA_REALLOC(p, sz) (((sz) > 0) ? ((p) ? HeapReAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (p), (sz)) : HeapAlloc(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (sz))) : ((VOID*)(size_t)(HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (p)) & 0)))
#else
#define MA_REALLOC(p, sz) realloc((p), (sz))
#endif
#endif

#ifndef MA_FREE
#ifdef MA_WIN32
#define MA_FREE(p) HeapFree(GetProcessHeap(), 0, (p))
#else
#define MA_FREE(p) free((p))
#endif
#endif

#ifndef MA_ZERO_MEMORY
#ifdef MA_WIN32
#define MA_ZERO_MEMORY(p, sz) ZeroMemory((p), (sz))
#else
#define MA_ZERO_MEMORY(p, sz) memset((p), 0, (sz))
#endif
#endif

#ifndef MA_COPY_MEMORY
#ifdef MA_WIN32
#define MA_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, sz) CopyMemory((dst), (src), (sz))
#else
#define MA_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, sz) memcpy((dst), (src), (sz))
#endif
#endif

#ifndef MA_ASSERT
#ifdef MA_WIN32
#define MA_ASSERT(condition) assert(condition)
#else
#define MA_ASSERT(condition) assert(condition)
#endif
#endif

#define MA_ZERO_OBJECT(p) MA_ZERO_MEMORY((p), sizeof(*(p)))

#define ma_countof(x)               (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
#define ma_max(x, y)                (((x) > (y)) ? (x) : (y))
#define ma_min(x, y)                (((x) < (y)) ? (x) : (y))
#define ma_abs(x)                   (((x) > 0) ? (x) : -(x))
#define ma_clamp(x, lo, hi)         (ma_max(lo, ma_min(x, hi)))
#define ma_offset_ptr(p, offset)    (((ma_uint8*)(p)) + (offset))

#define ma_buffer_frame_capacity(buffer, channels, format) (sizeof(buffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format) / (channels))

static MA_INLINE double ma_sin(double x)
{
    /* TODO: Implement custom sin(x). */
    return sin(x);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_exp(double x)
{
    /* TODO: Implement custom exp(x). */
    return exp(x);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_log(double x)
{
    /* TODO: Implement custom log(x). */
    return log(x);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_pow(double x, double y)
{
    /* TODO: Implement custom pow(x, y). */
    return pow(x, y);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_sqrt(double x)
{
    /* TODO: Implement custom sqrt(x). */
    return sqrt(x);
}


static MA_INLINE double ma_cos(double x)
{
    return ma_sin((MA_PI_D*0.5) - x);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_log10(double x)
{
    return ma_log(x) * 0.43429448190325182765;
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_powf(float x, float y)
{
    return (float)ma_pow((double)x, (double)y);
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_log10f(float x)
{
    return (float)ma_log10((double)x);
}


/*
Return Values:
  0:  Success
  22: EINVAL
  34: ERANGE

Not using symbolic constants for errors because I want to avoid #including errno.h
*/
MA_API int ma_strcpy_s(char* dst, size_t dstSizeInBytes, const char* src)
{
    size_t i;

    if (dst == 0) {
        return 22;
    }
    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 34;
    }
    if (src == 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
        return 22;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < dstSizeInBytes && src[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
        dst[i] = src[i];
    }

    if (i < dstSizeInBytes) {
        dst[i] = '\0';
        return 0;
    }

    dst[0] = '\0';
    return 34;
}

MA_API int ma_strncpy_s(char* dst, size_t dstSizeInBytes, const char* src, size_t count)
{
    size_t maxcount;
    size_t i;

    if (dst == 0) {
        return 22;
    }
    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 34;
    }
    if (src == 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
        return 22;
    }

    maxcount = count;
    if (count == ((size_t)-1) || count >= dstSizeInBytes) {        /* -1 = _TRUNCATE */
        maxcount = dstSizeInBytes - 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < maxcount && src[i] != '\0'; ++i) {
        dst[i] = src[i];
    }

    if (src[i] == '\0' || i == count || count == ((size_t)-1)) {
        dst[i] = '\0';
        return 0;
    }

    dst[0] = '\0';
    return 34;
}

MA_API int ma_strcat_s(char* dst, size_t dstSizeInBytes, const char* src)
{
    char* dstorig;

    if (dst == 0) {
        return 22;
    }
    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 34;
    }
    if (src == 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
        return 22;
    }

    dstorig = dst;

    while (dstSizeInBytes > 0 && dst[0] != '\0') {
        dst += 1;
        dstSizeInBytes -= 1;
    }

    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 22;  /* Unterminated. */
    }


    while (dstSizeInBytes > 0 && src[0] != '\0') {
        *dst++ = *src++;
        dstSizeInBytes -= 1;
    }

    if (dstSizeInBytes > 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
    } else {
        dstorig[0] = '\0';
        return 34;
    }

    return 0;
}

MA_API int ma_strncat_s(char* dst, size_t dstSizeInBytes, const char* src, size_t count)
{
    char* dstorig;

    if (dst == 0) {
        return 22;
    }
    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 34;
    }
    if (src == 0) {
        return 22;
    }

    dstorig = dst;

    while (dstSizeInBytes > 0 && dst[0] != '\0') {
        dst += 1;
        dstSizeInBytes -= 1;
    }

    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 22;  /* Unterminated. */
    }


    if (count == ((size_t)-1)) {        /* _TRUNCATE */
        count = dstSizeInBytes - 1;
    }

    while (dstSizeInBytes > 0 && src[0] != '\0' && count > 0) {
        *dst++ = *src++;
        dstSizeInBytes -= 1;
        count -= 1;
    }

    if (dstSizeInBytes > 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
    } else {
        dstorig[0] = '\0';
        return 34;
    }

    return 0;
}

MA_API int ma_itoa_s(int value, char* dst, size_t dstSizeInBytes, int radix)
{
    int sign;
    unsigned int valueU;
    char* dstEnd;

    if (dst == NULL || dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        return 22;
    }
    if (radix < 2 || radix > 36) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
        return 22;
    }

    sign = (value < 0 && radix == 10) ? -1 : 1;     /* The negative sign is only used when the base is 10. */

    if (value < 0) {
        valueU = -value;
    } else {
        valueU = value;
    }

    dstEnd = dst;
    do
    {
        int remainder = valueU % radix;
        if (remainder > 9) {
            *dstEnd = (char)((remainder - 10) + 'a');
        } else {
            *dstEnd = (char)(remainder + '0');
        }

        dstEnd += 1;
        dstSizeInBytes -= 1;
        valueU /= radix;
    } while (dstSizeInBytes > 0 && valueU > 0);

    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
        return 22;  /* Ran out of room in the output buffer. */
    }

    if (sign < 0) {
        *dstEnd++ = '-';
        dstSizeInBytes -= 1;
    }

    if (dstSizeInBytes == 0) {
        dst[0] = '\0';
        return 22;  /* Ran out of room in the output buffer. */
    }

    *dstEnd = '\0';


    /* At this point the string will be reversed. */
    dstEnd -= 1;
    while (dst < dstEnd) {
        char temp = *dst;
        *dst = *dstEnd;
        *dstEnd = temp;

        dst += 1;
        dstEnd -= 1;
    }

    return 0;
}

MA_API int ma_strcmp(const char* str1, const char* str2)
{
    if (str1 == str2) return  0;

    /* These checks differ from the standard implementation. It's not important, but I prefer it just for sanity. */
    if (str1 == NULL) return -1;
    if (str2 == NULL) return  1;

    for (;;) {
        if (str1[0] == '\0') {
            break;
        }
        if (str1[0] != str2[0]) {
            break;
        }

        str1 += 1;
        str2 += 1;
    }

    return ((unsigned char*)str1)[0] - ((unsigned char*)str2)[0];
}

MA_API int ma_strappend(char* dst, size_t dstSize, const char* srcA, const char* srcB)
{
    int result;

    result = ma_strncpy_s(dst, dstSize, srcA, (size_t)-1);
    if (result != 0) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_strncat_s(dst, dstSize, srcB, (size_t)-1);
    if (result != 0) {
        return result;
    }

    return result;
}

MA_API char* ma_copy_string(const char* src, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    size_t sz = strlen(src)+1;
    char* dst = (char*)ma_malloc(sz, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (dst == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    ma_strcpy_s(dst, sz, src);

    return dst;
}


#include <errno.h>
static ma_result ma_result_from_errno(int e)
{
    switch (e)
    {
        case 0: return MA_SUCCESS;
    #ifdef EPERM
        case EPERM: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOENT
        case ENOENT: return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRCH
        case ESRCH: return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINTR
        case EINTR: return MA_INTERRUPT;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIO
        case EIO: return MA_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENXIO
        case ENXIO: return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef E2BIG
        case E2BIG: return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOEXEC
        case ENOEXEC: return MA_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADF
        case EBADF: return MA_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHILD
        case ECHILD: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAGAIN
        case EAGAIN: return MA_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEM
        case ENOMEM: return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EACCES
        case EACCES: return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFAULT
        case EFAULT: return MA_BAD_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTBLK
        case ENOTBLK: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBUSY
        case EBUSY: return MA_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EEXIST
        case EEXIST: return MA_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXDEV
        case EXDEV: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODEV
        case ENODEV: return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTDIR
        case ENOTDIR: return MA_NOT_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISDIR
        case EISDIR: return MA_IS_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINVAL
        case EINVAL: return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENFILE
        case ENFILE: return MA_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMFILE
        case EMFILE: return MA_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTTY
        case ENOTTY: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETXTBSY
        case ETXTBSY: return MA_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFBIG
        case EFBIG: return MA_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSPC
        case ENOSPC: return MA_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESPIPE
        case ESPIPE: return MA_BAD_SEEK;
    #endif
    #ifdef EROFS
        case EROFS: return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMLINK
        case EMLINK: return MA_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPIPE
        case EPIPE: return MA_BAD_PIPE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOM
        case EDOM: return MA_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERANGE
        case ERANGE: return MA_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDEADLK
        case EDEADLK: return MA_DEADLOCK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAMETOOLONG
        case ENAMETOOLONG: return MA_PATH_TOO_LONG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLCK
        case ENOLCK: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSYS
        case ENOSYS: return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTEMPTY
        case ENOTEMPTY: return MA_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELOOP
        case ELOOP: return MA_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMSG
        case ENOMSG: return MA_NO_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIDRM
        case EIDRM: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHRNG
        case ECHRNG: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2NSYNC
        case EL2NSYNC: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3HLT
        case EL3HLT: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3RST
        case EL3RST: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELNRNG
        case ELNRNG: return MA_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUNATCH
        case EUNATCH: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOCSI
        case ENOCSI: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2HLT
        case EL2HLT: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADE
        case EBADE: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADR
        case EBADR: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXFULL
        case EXFULL: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOANO
        case ENOANO: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADRQC
        case EBADRQC: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADSLT
        case EBADSLT: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBFONT
        case EBFONT: return MA_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSTR
        case ENOSTR: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODATA
        case ENODATA: return MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIME
        case ETIME: return MA_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSR
        case ENOSR: return MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENONET
        case ENONET: return MA_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPKG
        case ENOPKG: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTE
        case EREMOTE: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLINK
        case ENOLINK: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADV
        case EADV: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRMNT
        case ESRMNT: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECOMM
        case ECOMM: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTO
        case EPROTO: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMULTIHOP
        case EMULTIHOP: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOTDOT
        case EDOTDOT: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADMSG
        case EBADMSG: return MA_BAD_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOVERFLOW
        case EOVERFLOW: return MA_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTUNIQ
        case ENOTUNIQ: return MA_NOT_UNIQUE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADFD
        case EBADFD: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMCHG
        case EREMCHG: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBACC
        case ELIBACC: return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBBAD
        case ELIBBAD: return MA_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBSCN
        case ELIBSCN: return MA_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBMAX
        case ELIBMAX: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBEXEC
        case ELIBEXEC: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EILSEQ
        case EILSEQ: return MA_INVALID_DATA;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERESTART
        case ERESTART: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTRPIPE
        case ESTRPIPE: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUSERS
        case EUSERS: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTSOCK
        case ENOTSOCK: return MA_NOT_SOCKET;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDESTADDRREQ
        case EDESTADDRREQ: return MA_NO_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMSGSIZE
        case EMSGSIZE: return MA_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTOTYPE
        case EPROTOTYPE: return MA_BAD_PROTOCOL;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPROTOOPT
        case ENOPROTOOPT: return MA_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT
        case EPROTONOSUPPORT: return MA_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
        case ESOCKTNOSUPPORT: return MA_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOPNOTSUPP
        case EOPNOTSUPP: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
        case EPFNOSUPPORT: return MA_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT
        case EAFNOSUPPORT: return MA_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRINUSE
        case EADDRINUSE: return MA_ALREADY_IN_USE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRNOTAVAIL
        case EADDRNOTAVAIL: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETDOWN
        case ENETDOWN: return MA_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETUNREACH
        case ENETUNREACH: return MA_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETRESET
        case ENETRESET: return MA_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNABORTED
        case ECONNABORTED: return MA_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNRESET
        case ECONNRESET: return MA_CONNECTION_RESET;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOBUFS
        case ENOBUFS: return MA_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISCONN
        case EISCONN: return MA_ALREADY_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTCONN
        case ENOTCONN: return MA_NOT_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESHUTDOWN
        case ESHUTDOWN: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETOOMANYREFS
        case ETOOMANYREFS: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIMEDOUT
        case ETIMEDOUT: return MA_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNREFUSED
        case ECONNREFUSED: return MA_CONNECTION_REFUSED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTDOWN
        case EHOSTDOWN: return MA_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTUNREACH
        case EHOSTUNREACH: return MA_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EALREADY
        case EALREADY: return MA_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINPROGRESS
        case EINPROGRESS: return MA_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTALE
        case ESTALE: return MA_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUCLEAN
        case EUCLEAN: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTNAM
        case ENOTNAM: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAVAIL
        case ENAVAIL: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISNAM
        case EISNAM: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTEIO
        case EREMOTEIO: return MA_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDQUOT
        case EDQUOT: return MA_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEDIUM
        case ENOMEDIUM: return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMEDIUMTYPE
        case EMEDIUMTYPE: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECANCELED
        case ECANCELED: return MA_CANCELLED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOKEY
        case ENOKEY: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYEXPIRED
        case EKEYEXPIRED: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREVOKED
        case EKEYREVOKED: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREJECTED
        case EKEYREJECTED: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOWNERDEAD
        case EOWNERDEAD: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTRECOVERABLE
        case ENOTRECOVERABLE: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERFKILL
        case ERFKILL: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHWPOISON
        case EHWPOISON: return MA_ERROR;
    #endif
        default: return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_fopen(FILE** ppFile, const char* pFilePath, const char* pOpenMode)
{
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    errno_t err;
#endif

    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;  /* Safety. */
    }

    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    err = fopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    if (err != 0) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(err);
    }
#else
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)
    *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
#else
    #if defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && _FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64 && defined(_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE)
        *ppFile = fopen64(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #else
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #endif
#endif
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        ma_result result = ma_result_from_errno(errno);
        if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
            result = MA_ERROR;   /* Just a safety check to make sure we never ever return success when pFile == NULL. */
        }

        return result;
    }
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}



/*
_wfopen() isn't always available in all compilation environments.

    * Windows only.
    * MSVC seems to support it universally as far back as VC6 from what I can tell (haven't checked further back).
    * MinGW-64 (both 32- and 64-bit) seems to support it.
    * MinGW wraps it in !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__).

This can be reviewed as compatibility issues arise. The preference is to use _wfopen_s() and _wfopen() as opposed to the wcsrtombs()
fallback, so if you notice your compiler not detecting this properly I'm happy to look at adding support.
*/
#if defined(_WIN32)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW64__) || !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define MA_HAS_WFOPEN
    #endif
#endif

MA_API ma_result ma_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_t* pOpenMode, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;  /* Safety. */
    }

    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_HAS_WFOPEN)
    {
        /* Use _wfopen() on Windows. */
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
        errno_t err = _wfopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (err != 0) {
            return ma_result_from_errno(err);
        }
    #else
        *ppFile = _wfopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (*ppFile == NULL) {
            return ma_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
    #endif
        (void)pAllocationCallbacks;
    }
#else
    /*
    Use fopen() on anything other than Windows. Requires a conversion. This is annoying because fopen() is locale specific. The only real way I can
    think of to do this is with wcsrtombs(). Note that wcstombs() is apparently not thread-safe because it uses a static global mbstate_t object for
    maintaining state. I've checked this with -std=c89 and it works, but if somebody get's a compiler error I'll look into improving compatibility.
    */
    {
        mbstate_t mbs;
        size_t lenMB;
        const wchar_t* pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        char* pFilePathMB = NULL;
        char pOpenModeMB[32] = {0};

        /* Get the length first. */
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        lenMB = wcsrtombs(NULL, &pFilePathTemp, 0, &mbs);
        if (lenMB == (size_t)-1) {
            return ma_result_from_errno(errno);
        }

        pFilePathMB = (char*)ma_malloc(lenMB + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
        if (pFilePathMB == NULL) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        wcsrtombs(pFilePathMB, &pFilePathTemp, lenMB + 1, &mbs);

        /* The open mode should always consist of ASCII characters so we should be able to do a trivial conversion. */
        {
            size_t i = 0;
            for (;;) {
                if (pOpenMode[i] == 0) {
                    pOpenModeMB[i] = '\0';
                    break;
                }

                pOpenModeMB[i] = (char)pOpenMode[i];
                i += 1;
            }
        }

        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePathMB, pOpenModeMB);

        ma_free(pFilePathMB, pAllocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}



static MA_INLINE void ma_copy_memory_64(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 sizeInBytes)
{
#if 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF <= MA_SIZE_MAX
    MA_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, (size_t)sizeInBytes);
#else
    while (sizeInBytes > 0) {
        ma_uint64 bytesToCopyNow = sizeInBytes;
        if (bytesToCopyNow > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
            bytesToCopyNow = MA_SIZE_MAX;
        }

        MA_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, (size_t)bytesToCopyNow);  /* Safe cast to size_t. */

        sizeInBytes -= bytesToCopyNow;
        dst = (      void*)((      ma_uint8*)dst + bytesToCopyNow);
        src = (const void*)((const ma_uint8*)src + bytesToCopyNow);
    }
#endif
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_zero_memory_64(void* dst, ma_uint64 sizeInBytes)
{
#if 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF <= MA_SIZE_MAX
    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(dst, (size_t)sizeInBytes);
#else
    while (sizeInBytes > 0) {
        ma_uint64 bytesToZeroNow = sizeInBytes;
        if (bytesToZeroNow > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
            bytesToZeroNow = MA_SIZE_MAX;
        }

        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(dst, (size_t)bytesToZeroNow);  /* Safe cast to size_t. */

        sizeInBytes -= bytesToZeroNow;
        dst = (void*)((ma_uint8*)dst + bytesToZeroNow);
    }
#endif
}


/* Thanks to good old Bit Twiddling Hacks for this one: http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2 */
static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_next_power_of_2(unsigned int x)
{
    x--;
    x |= x >> 1;
    x |= x >> 2;
    x |= x >> 4;
    x |= x >> 8;
    x |= x >> 16;
    x++;

    return x;
}

static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_prev_power_of_2(unsigned int x)
{
    return ma_next_power_of_2(x) >> 1;
}

static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_round_to_power_of_2(unsigned int x)
{
    unsigned int prev = ma_prev_power_of_2(x);
    unsigned int next = ma_next_power_of_2(x);
    if ((next - x) > (x - prev)) {
        return prev;
    } else {
        return next;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_count_set_bits(unsigned int x)
{
    unsigned int count = 0;
    while (x != 0) {
        if (x & 1) {
            count += 1;
        }
        
        x = x >> 1;
    }
    
    return count;
}



/* Clamps an f32 sample to -1..1 */
static MA_INLINE float ma_clip_f32(float x)
{
    if (x < -1) return -1;
    if (x > +1) return +1;
    return x;
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_mix_f32(float x, float y, float a)
{
    return x*(1-a) + y*a;
}
static MA_INLINE float ma_mix_f32_fast(float x, float y, float a)
{
    float r0 = (y - x);
    float r1 = r0*a;
    return x + r1;
    /*return x + (y - x)*a;*/
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE __m128 ma_mix_f32_fast__sse2(__m128 x, __m128 y, __m128 a)
{
    return _mm_add_ps(x, _mm_mul_ps(_mm_sub_ps(y, x), a));
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE __m256 ma_mix_f32_fast__avx2(__m256 x, __m256 y, __m256 a)
{
    return _mm256_add_ps(x, _mm256_mul_ps(_mm256_sub_ps(y, x), a));
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX512)
static MA_INLINE __m512 ma_mix_f32_fast__avx512(__m512 x, __m512 y, __m512 a)
{
    return _mm512_add_ps(x, _mm512_mul_ps(_mm512_sub_ps(y, x), a));
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE float32x4_t ma_mix_f32_fast__neon(float32x4_t x, float32x4_t y, float32x4_t a)
{
    return vaddq_f32(x, vmulq_f32(vsubq_f32(y, x), a));
}
#endif


static MA_INLINE double ma_mix_f64(double x, double y, double a)
{
    return x*(1-a) + y*a;
}
static MA_INLINE double ma_mix_f64_fast(double x, double y, double a)
{
    return x + (y - x)*a;
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_scale_to_range_f32(float x, float lo, float hi)
{
    return lo + x*(hi-lo);
}


/*
Greatest common factor using Euclid's algorithm iteratively.
*/
static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_gcf_u32(ma_uint32 a, ma_uint32 b)
{
    for (;;) {
        if (b == 0) {
            break;
        } else {
            ma_uint32 t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t % a;
        }
    }

    return a;
}


/*
Random Number Generation

miniaudio uses the LCG random number generation algorithm. This is good enough for audio.

Note that miniaudio's global LCG implementation uses global state which is _not_ thread-local. When this is called across
multiple threads, results will be unpredictable. However, it won't crash and results will still be random enough for
miniaudio's purposes.
*/
#ifndef MA_DEFAULT_LCG_SEED
#define MA_DEFAULT_LCG_SEED 4321
#endif

#define MA_LCG_M   2147483647
#define MA_LCG_A   48271
#define MA_LCG_C   0

static ma_lcg g_maLCG = {MA_DEFAULT_LCG_SEED}; /* Non-zero initial seed. Use ma_seed() to use an explicit seed. */

static MA_INLINE void ma_lcg_seed(ma_lcg* pLCG, ma_int32 seed)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pLCG != NULL);
    pLCG->state = seed;
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_lcg_rand_s32(ma_lcg* pLCG)
{
    pLCG->state = (MA_LCG_A * pLCG->state + MA_LCG_C) % MA_LCG_M;
    return pLCG->state;
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_lcg_rand_u32(ma_lcg* pLCG)
{
    return (ma_uint32)ma_lcg_rand_s32(pLCG);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_lcg_rand_s16(ma_lcg* pLCG)
{
    return (ma_int16)(ma_lcg_rand_s32(pLCG) & 0xFFFF);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_lcg_rand_f64(ma_lcg* pLCG)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_s32(pLCG) / (double)0x7FFFFFFF;
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_lcg_rand_f32(ma_lcg* pLCG)
{
    return (float)ma_lcg_rand_f64(pLCG);
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_lcg_rand_range_f32(ma_lcg* pLCG, float lo, float hi)
{
    return ma_scale_to_range_f32(ma_lcg_rand_f32(pLCG), lo, hi);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_lcg_rand_range_s32(ma_lcg* pLCG, ma_int32 lo, ma_int32 hi)
{
    if (lo == hi) {
        return lo;
    }

    return lo + ma_lcg_rand_u32(pLCG) / (0xFFFFFFFF / (hi - lo + 1) + 1);
}



static MA_INLINE void ma_seed(ma_int32 seed)
{
    ma_lcg_seed(&g_maLCG, seed);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_rand_s32(void)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_s32(&g_maLCG);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_rand_u32(void)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_u32(&g_maLCG);
}

static MA_INLINE double ma_rand_f64(void)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_f64(&g_maLCG);
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_rand_f32(void)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_f32(&g_maLCG);
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_rand_range_f32(float lo, float hi)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_range_f32(&g_maLCG, lo, hi);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_rand_range_s32(ma_int32 lo, ma_int32 hi)
{
    return ma_lcg_rand_range_s32(&g_maLCG, lo, hi);
}


static MA_INLINE float ma_dither_f32_rectangle(float ditherMin, float ditherMax)
{
    return ma_rand_range_f32(ditherMin, ditherMax);
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_dither_f32_triangle(float ditherMin, float ditherMax)
{
    float a = ma_rand_range_f32(ditherMin, 0);
    float b = ma_rand_range_f32(0, ditherMax);
    return a + b;
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_dither_f32(ma_dither_mode ditherMode, float ditherMin, float ditherMax)
{
    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_rectangle) {
        return ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
    }
    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_triangle) {
        return ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
    }

    return 0;
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_dither_s32(ma_dither_mode ditherMode, ma_int32 ditherMin, ma_int32 ditherMax)
{
    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_rectangle) {
        ma_int32 a = ma_rand_range_s32(ditherMin, ditherMax);
        return a;
    }
    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_triangle) {
        ma_int32 a = ma_rand_range_s32(ditherMin, 0);
        ma_int32 b = ma_rand_range_s32(0, ditherMax);
        return a + b;
    }

    return 0;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Atomics

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
/* c89atomic.h begin */
#ifndef c89atomic_h
#define c89atomic_h
#if defined(__cplusplus)
extern "C" {
#endif
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlong-long"
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
    #endif
#endif
typedef   signed char      c89atomic_int8;
typedef unsigned char      c89atomic_uint8;
typedef   signed short     c89atomic_int16;
typedef unsigned short     c89atomic_uint16;
typedef   signed int       c89atomic_int32;
typedef unsigned int       c89atomic_uint32;
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
typedef   signed __int64   c89atomic_int64;
typedef unsigned __int64   c89atomic_uint64;
#else
typedef unsigned long long c89atomic_int64;
typedef unsigned long long c89atomic_uint64;
#endif
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
typedef int                c89atomic_memory_order;
typedef unsigned char      c89atomic_bool;
typedef unsigned char      c89atomic_flag;
#if !defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT) && !defined(C89ATOMIC_32BIT)
#ifdef _WIN32
#ifdef _WIN64
#define C89ATOMIC_64BIT
#else
#define C89ATOMIC_32BIT
#endif
#endif
#endif
#if !defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT) && !defined(C89ATOMIC_32BIT)
#ifdef __GNUC__
#ifdef __LP64__
#define C89ATOMIC_64BIT
#else
#define C89ATOMIC_32BIT
#endif
#endif
#endif
#if !defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT) && !defined(C89ATOMIC_32BIT)
#include <stdint.h>
#if INTPTR_MAX == INT64_MAX
#define C89ATOMIC_64BIT
#else
#define C89ATOMIC_32BIT
#endif
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
#define C89ATOMIC_X64
#elif defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
#define C89ATOMIC_X86
#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)
#define C89ATOMIC_ARM
#endif
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define C89ATOMIC_INLINE __forceinline
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define C89ATOMIC_INLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
    #else
        #define C89ATOMIC_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
    #endif
#else
    #define C89ATOMIC_INLINE
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_relaxed  0
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_consume  1
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_acquire  2
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_release  3
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  4
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  5
    #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
        #include <intrin.h>
        #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8( dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint8 )_InterlockedExchange8 ((volatile char* )dst, (char )src)
        #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint16)_InterlockedExchange16((volatile short*)dst, (short)src)
        #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint32)_InterlockedExchange  ((volatile long* )dst, (long )src)
    #if defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT)
        #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint64)_InterlockedExchange64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)src)
    #endif
        #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8( dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint8 )_InterlockedExchangeAdd8 ((volatile char* )dst, (char )src)
        #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint16)_InterlockedExchangeAdd16((volatile short*)dst, (short)src)
        #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint32)_InterlockedExchangeAdd  ((volatile long* )dst, (long )src)
    #if defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT)
        #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(dst, src, order) (c89atomic_uint64)_InterlockedExchangeAdd64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)src)
    #endif
        #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8( dst, expected, desired) (c89atomic_uint8 )_InterlockedCompareExchange8 ((volatile char*     )dst, (char     )desired, (char     )expected)
        #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expected, desired) (c89atomic_uint16)_InterlockedCompareExchange16((volatile short*    )dst, (short    )desired, (short    )expected)
        #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expected, desired) (c89atomic_uint32)_InterlockedCompareExchange  ((volatile long*     )dst, (long     )desired, (long     )expected)
        #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expected, desired) (c89atomic_uint64)_InterlockedCompareExchange64((volatile long long*)dst, (long long)desired, (long long)expected)
    #if defined(C89ATOMIC_X64)
        #define c89atomic_thread_fence(order)   __faststorefence()
    #else
        static C89ATOMIC_INLINE void c89atomic_thread_fence(c89atomic_memory_order order)
        {
            volatile c89atomic_uint32 barrier = 0;
            (void)order;
            c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(&barrier, 0, order);
        }
    #endif
    #else
        #if defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE void __stdcall c89atomic_thread_fence(int order)
            {
                volatile c89atomic_uint32 barrier;
                __asm {
                    xchg barrier, eax
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, int order)
            {
                (void)order;
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov al,  src
                    lock xchg [ecx], al
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, int order)
            {
                (void)order;
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov ax,  src
                    lock xchg [ecx], ax
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, int order)
            {
                (void)order;
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov eax, src
                    lock xchg [ecx], eax
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, int order)
            {
                (void)order;
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov al,  src
                    lock xadd [ecx], al
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, int order)
            {
                (void)order;
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov ax,  src
                    lock xadd [ecx], ax
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, int order)
            {
                (void)order;
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov eax, src
                    lock xadd [ecx], eax
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 expected, c89atomic_uint8 desired)
            {
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov al,  expected
                    mov dl,  desired
                    lock cmpxchg [ecx], dl
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 expected, c89atomic_uint16 desired)
            {
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov ax,  expected
                    mov dx,  desired
                    lock cmpxchg [ecx], dx
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 expected, c89atomic_uint32 desired)
            {
                __asm {
                    mov ecx, dst
                    mov eax, expected
                    mov edx, desired
                    lock cmpxchg [ecx], edx
                }
            }
            static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 expected, c89atomic_uint64 desired)
            {
                __asm {
                    mov esi, dst
                    mov eax, dword ptr expected
                    mov edx, dword ptr expected + 4
                    mov ebx, dword ptr desired
                    mov ecx, dword ptr desired + 4
                    lock cmpxchg8b qword ptr [esi]
                }
            }
        #else
            error "Unsupported architecture."
        #endif
    #endif
    #define c89atomic_compiler_fence()      c89atomic_thread_fence(c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
    #define c89atomic_signal_fence(order)   c89atomic_thread_fence(order)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_8( ptr, order) c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8 (ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_16(ptr, order) c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_32(ptr, order) c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_64(ptr, order) c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order) (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order) (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order) (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order) (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)
#if defined(C89ATOMIC_32BIT)
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue + src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
#endif
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue - src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue - src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue - src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue - src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue & src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue & src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue & src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue & src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue ^ src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue ^ src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue ^ src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue ^ src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint8 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue | src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue | src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue | src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 __stdcall c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, int order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 newValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
            newValue = oldValue | src;
        } while (c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, oldValue, newValue) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( dst, order) c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(dst, order) c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(dst, order) c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(dst, order) c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_8( dst, order) c89atomic_store_explicit_8 (dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_16(dst, order) c89atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_32(dst, order) c89atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_64(dst, order) c89atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, order)    (c89atomic_flag)c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8(ptr, order)
    #define c89atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, order)           c89atomic_clear_explicit_8(ptr, order)
#elif defined(__clang__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC__ >= 7)))
    #define C89ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_COMPARE_EXCHANGE
    #define C89ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_IS_LOCK_FREE
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_relaxed  __ATOMIC_RELAXED
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_consume  __ATOMIC_CONSUME
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_acquire  __ATOMIC_ACQUIRE
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_release  __ATOMIC_RELEASE
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  __ATOMIC_ACQ_REL
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST
    #define c89atomic_compiler_fence()      __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
    #define c89atomic_thread_fence(order)   __atomic_thread_fence(order)
    #define c89atomic_signal_fence(order)   __atomic_signal_fence(order)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_8(ptr)   __atomic_is_lock_free(1, ptr)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_16(ptr)  __atomic_is_lock_free(2, ptr)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_32(ptr)  __atomic_is_lock_free(4, ptr)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_64(ptr)  __atomic_is_lock_free(8, ptr)
    #define c89atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(dst, order)        (c89atomic_flag)__atomic_test_and_set(dst, order)
    #define c89atomic_flag_clear_explicit(dst, order)               __atomic_clear(dst, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(dst, order)          __atomic_exchange_n(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_8( dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_16(dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_32(dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_64(dst, order)                 __atomic_store_n(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order)            __atomic_store_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_8( dst, order)                  __atomic_load_n(dst, order)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_16(dst, order)                  __atomic_load_n(dst, order)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_32(dst, order)                  __atomic_load_n(dst, order)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_64(dst, order)                  __atomic_load_n(dst, order)
    #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8( dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)         __atomic_exchange_n(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)   __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 0, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)     __atomic_compare_exchange_n(dst, expected, desired, 1, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_add(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_sub(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_sub(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_sub(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_sub(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8( dst, src, order)         __atomic_fetch_or(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(dst, src, order)         __atomic_fetch_or(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(dst, src, order)         __atomic_fetch_or(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(dst, src, order)         __atomic_fetch_or(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_xor(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_xor(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_xor(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_xor(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __atomic_fetch_and(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8 (dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
#else
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_relaxed  1
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_consume  2
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_acquire  3
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_release  4
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_acq_rel  5
    #define c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst  6
    #define c89atomic_compiler_fence()      __asm__ __volatile__("":::"memory")
    #define c89atomic_thread_fence(order)   __sync_synchronize()
    #define c89atomic_signal_fence(order)   c89atomic_thread_fence(order)
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint8 c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, c89atomic_uint8 src, c89atomic_memory_order order)
    {
        if (order > c89atomic_memory_order_acquire) {
            __sync_synchronize();
        }
        return __sync_lock_test_and_set(dst, src);
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint16 c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, c89atomic_uint16 src, c89atomic_memory_order order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint16 oldValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
        } while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint32 c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, c89atomic_uint32 src, c89atomic_memory_order order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint32 oldValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
        } while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    static C89ATOMIC_INLINE c89atomic_uint64 c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, c89atomic_uint64 src, c89atomic_memory_order order)
    {
        volatile c89atomic_uint64 oldValue;
        do {
            oldValue = *dst;
        } while (__sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, oldValue, src) != oldValue);
        (void)order;
        return oldValue;
    }
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_add(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_sub(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8( dst, src, order)         __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(dst, src, order)         __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(dst, src, order)         __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(dst, src, order)         __sync_fetch_and_or(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_xor(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8( dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(dst, src, order)        __sync_fetch_and_and(dst, src)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8( dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expected, desired)   __sync_val_compare_and_swap(dst, expected, desired)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_8( ptr, order)                  c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8 (ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_16(ptr, order)                  c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_32(ptr, order)                  c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_64(ptr, order)                  c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(ptr, 0, 0)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_8( dst, src, order)            (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, src, order)            (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, src, order)            (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, src, order)            (void)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, src, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8( dst, order)          c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8 (dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(dst, order)          c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(dst, order)          c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(dst, order)          c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64(dst, 1, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_8( dst, order)                 c89atomic_store_explicit_8 (dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_16(dst, order)                 c89atomic_store_explicit_16(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_32(dst, order)                 c89atomic_store_explicit_32(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_clear_explicit_64(dst, order)                 c89atomic_store_explicit_64(dst, 0, order)
    #define c89atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, order)        (c89atomic_flag)c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8(ptr, order)
    #define c89atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, order)               c89atomic_clear_explicit_8(ptr, order)
#endif
#if !defined(C89ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_COMPARE_EXCHANGE)
c89atomic_bool c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8(volatile c89atomic_uint8* dst, volatile c89atomic_uint8* expected, c89atomic_uint8 desired, c89atomic_memory_order successOrder, c89atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
{
    c89atomic_uint8 expectedValue;
    c89atomic_uint8 result;
    (void)successOrder;
    (void)failureOrder;
    expectedValue = c89atomic_load_explicit_8(expected, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
    result = c89atomic_compare_and_swap_8(dst, expectedValue, desired);
    if (result == expectedValue) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        c89atomic_store_explicit_8(expected, result, failureOrder);
        return 0;
    }
}
c89atomic_bool c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(volatile c89atomic_uint16* dst, volatile c89atomic_uint16* expected, c89atomic_uint16 desired, c89atomic_memory_order successOrder, c89atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
{
    c89atomic_uint16 expectedValue;
    c89atomic_uint16 result;
    (void)successOrder;
    (void)failureOrder;
    expectedValue = c89atomic_load_explicit_16(expected, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
    result = c89atomic_compare_and_swap_16(dst, expectedValue, desired);
    if (result == expectedValue) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        c89atomic_store_explicit_16(expected, result, failureOrder);
        return 0;
    }
}
c89atomic_bool c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(volatile c89atomic_uint32* dst, volatile c89atomic_uint32* expected, c89atomic_uint32 desired, c89atomic_memory_order successOrder, c89atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
{
    c89atomic_uint32 expectedValue;
    c89atomic_uint32 result;
    (void)successOrder;
    (void)failureOrder;
    expectedValue = c89atomic_load_explicit_32(expected, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
    result = c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32(dst, expectedValue, desired);
    if (result == expectedValue) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        c89atomic_store_explicit_32(expected, result, failureOrder);
        return 0;
    }
}
c89atomic_bool c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(volatile c89atomic_uint64* dst, volatile c89atomic_uint64* expected, c89atomic_uint64 desired, c89atomic_memory_order successOrder, c89atomic_memory_order failureOrder)
{
    c89atomic_uint64 expectedValue;
    c89atomic_uint64 result;
    (void)successOrder;
    (void)failureOrder;
    expectedValue = c89atomic_load_explicit_64(expected, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst);
    result = c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64(dst, expectedValue, desired);
    if (result == expectedValue) {
        return 1;
    } else {
        c89atomic_store_explicit_64(expected, result, failureOrder);
        return 0;
    }
}
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8( dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8 (dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder) c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
#endif
#if !defined(C89ATOMIC_HAS_NATIVE_IS_LOCK_FREE)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_8( ptr)  1
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_16(ptr)  1
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_32(ptr)  1
    #if defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT)
        #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_64(ptr)  1
    #else
        #if defined(C89ATOMIC_X86) || defined(C89ATOMIC_X64)
            #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_64(ptr)  1
        #else
            #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_64(ptr)  0
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(C89ATOMIC_64BIT)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_ptr(ptr)                                                                     c89atomic_is_lock_free_64((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)ptr)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_ptr(ptr, order)                                                             (void*)c89atomic_load_explicit_64((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)ptr, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_ptr(dst, src, order)                                                       (void*)c89atomic_store_explicit_64((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)dst, (c89atomic_uint64)src, order)
    #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_ptr(dst, src, order)                                                    (void*)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)dst, (c89atomic_uint64)src, order)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)  c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)dst, (volatile c89atomic_uint64*)expected, (c89atomic_uint64)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)    c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)dst, (volatile c89atomic_uint64*)expected, (c89atomic_uint64)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_ptr(dst, expected, desired)                                              (void*)c89atomic_compare_and_swap_64 ((volatile c89atomic_uint64*)dst, (c89atomic_uint64)expected, (c89atomic_uint64)desired)
#elif defined(C89ATOMIC_32BIT)
    #define c89atomic_is_lock_free_ptr(ptr)                                                                     c89atomic_is_lock_free_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)ptr)
    #define c89atomic_load_explicit_ptr(ptr, order)                                                             (void*)c89atomic_load_explicit_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)ptr, order)
    #define c89atomic_store_explicit_ptr(dst, src, order)                                                       (void*)c89atomic_store_explicit_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)dst, (c89atomic_uint32)src, order)
    #define c89atomic_exchange_explicit_ptr(dst, src, order)                                                    (void*)c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)dst, (c89atomic_uint32)src, order)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)  c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)dst, (volatile c89atomic_uint32*)expected, (c89atomic_uint32)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(dst, expected, desired, successOrder, failureOrder)    c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)dst, (volatile c89atomic_uint32*)expected, (c89atomic_uint32)desired, successOrder, failureOrder)
    #define c89atomic_compare_and_swap_ptr(dst, expected, desired)                                              (void*)c89atomic_compare_and_swap_32((volatile c89atomic_uint32*)dst, (c89atomic_uint32)expected, (c89atomic_uint32)desired)
#else
    error "Unsupported architecture."
#endif
#define c89atomic_flag_test_and_set(ptr)                                c89atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_flag_clear(ptr)                                       c89atomic_flag_clear_explicit(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_test_and_set_8( ptr)                                  c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_8 (ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_test_and_set_16(ptr)                                  c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_16(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_test_and_set_32(ptr)                                  c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_32(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_test_and_set_64(ptr)                                  c89atomic_test_and_set_explicit_64(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_clear_8( ptr)                                         c89atomic_clear_explicit_8 (ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_clear_16(ptr)                                         c89atomic_clear_explicit_16(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_clear_32(ptr)                                         c89atomic_clear_explicit_32(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_clear_64(ptr)                                         c89atomic_clear_explicit_64(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_store_8(  dst, src)                                   c89atomic_store_explicit_8 ( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_store_16( dst, src)                                   c89atomic_store_explicit_16( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_store_32( dst, src)                                   c89atomic_store_explicit_32( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_store_64( dst, src)                                   c89atomic_store_explicit_64( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_store_ptr(dst, src)                                   c89atomic_store_explicit_ptr(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_load_8(  ptr)                                         c89atomic_load_explicit_8 ( ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_load_16( ptr)                                         c89atomic_load_explicit_16( ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_load_32( ptr)                                         c89atomic_load_explicit_32( ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_load_64( ptr)                                         c89atomic_load_explicit_64( ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_load_ptr(ptr)                                         c89atomic_load_explicit_ptr(ptr, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_exchange_8(  dst, src)                                c89atomic_exchange_explicit_8 ( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_exchange_16( dst, src)                                c89atomic_exchange_explicit_16( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_exchange_32( dst, src)                                c89atomic_exchange_explicit_32( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_exchange_64( dst, src)                                c89atomic_exchange_explicit_64( dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_exchange_ptr(dst, src)                                c89atomic_exchange_explicit_ptr(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_8(  dst, expected, desired)   c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_8 ( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_16( dst, expected, desired)   c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_16( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_32( dst, expected, desired)   c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_32( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_64( dst, expected, desired)   c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_64( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_ptr(dst, expected, desired)   c89atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit_ptr(dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_8(  dst, expected, desired)     c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_8 ( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_16( dst, expected, desired)     c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_16( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_32( dst, expected, desired)     c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_32( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_64( dst, expected, desired)     c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_64( dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_ptr(dst, expected, desired)     c89atomic_compare_exchange_weak_explicit_ptr(dst, expected, desired, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_add_8( dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_8 (dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_add_16(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_16(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_add_32(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_32(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_add_64(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_add_explicit_64(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_sub_8( dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_8 (dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_sub_16(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_16(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_sub_32(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_32(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_sub_64(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_sub_explicit_64(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_or_8( dst, src)                                 c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_8 (dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_or_16(dst, src)                                 c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_16(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_or_32(dst, src)                                 c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_32(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_or_64(dst, src)                                 c89atomic_fetch_or_explicit_64(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_xor_8( dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_8 (dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_xor_16(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_16(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_xor_32(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_32(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_xor_64(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_xor_explicit_64(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_and_8( dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_8 (dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_and_16(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_16(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_and_32(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_32(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#define c89atomic_fetch_and_64(dst, src)                                c89atomic_fetch_and_explicit_64(dst, src, c89atomic_memory_order_seq_cst)
#if defined(__cplusplus)
}
#endif
#endif
/* c89atomic.h end */


typedef unsigned char ma_spinlock;

static MA_INLINE ma_result ma_spinlock_lock_ex(ma_spinlock* pSpinlock, ma_bool32 yield)
{
    if (pSpinlock == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    for (;;) {
        if (c89atomic_flag_test_and_set_explicit(pSpinlock, c89atomic_memory_order_acquire) == 0) {
            break;
        }

        while (c89atomic_load_explicit_8(pSpinlock, c89atomic_memory_order_relaxed) == 1) {
            if (yield) {
                ma_yield();
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_spinlock_lock(ma_spinlock* pSpinlock)
{
    return ma_spinlock_lock_ex(pSpinlock, MA_TRUE);
}

static ma_result ma_spinlock_lock_noyield(ma_spinlock* pSpinlock)
{
    return ma_spinlock_lock_ex(pSpinlock, MA_FALSE);
}

static ma_result ma_spinlock_unlock(ma_spinlock* pSpinlock)
{
    if (pSpinlock == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    c89atomic_flag_clear_explicit(pSpinlock, c89atomic_memory_order_release);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}



static void* ma__malloc_default(size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return MA_MALLOC(sz);
}

static void* ma__realloc_default(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return MA_REALLOC(p, sz);
}

static void ma__free_default(void* p, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    MA_FREE(p);
}


static void* ma__malloc_from_callbacks(size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }

    /* Try using realloc(). */
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(NULL, sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }

    return NULL;
}

static void* ma__realloc_from_callbacks(void* p, size_t szNew, size_t szOld, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(p, szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }

    /* Try emulating realloc() in terms of malloc()/free(). */
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL && pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        void* p2;

        p2 = pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        if (p2 == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }

        if (p != NULL) {
            MA_COPY_MEMORY(p2, p, szOld);
            pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        }

        return p2;
    }

    return NULL;
}

static MA_INLINE void* ma__calloc_from_callbacks(size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    void* p = ma__malloc_from_callbacks(sz, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (p != NULL) {
        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(p, sz);
    }

    return p;
}

static void ma__free_from_callbacks(void* p, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (p == NULL || pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
}

static ma_allocation_callbacks ma_allocation_callbacks_init_default(void)
{
    ma_allocation_callbacks callbacks;
    callbacks.pUserData = NULL;
    callbacks.onMalloc  = ma__malloc_default;
    callbacks.onRealloc = ma__realloc_default;
    callbacks.onFree    = ma__free_default;

    return callbacks;
}

static ma_result ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(ma_allocation_callbacks* pDst, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pSrc)
{
    if (pDst == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pSrc == NULL) {
        *pDst = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_default();
    } else {
        if (pSrc->pUserData == NULL && pSrc->onFree == NULL && pSrc->onMalloc == NULL && pSrc->onRealloc == NULL) {
            *pDst = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_default();
        } else {
            if (pSrc->onFree == NULL || (pSrc->onMalloc == NULL && pSrc->onRealloc == NULL)) {
                return MA_INVALID_ARGS;    /* Invalid allocation callbacks. */
            } else {
                *pDst = *pSrc;
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


MA_API ma_uint64 ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(ma_uint32 sampleRateOut, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint64 frameCountIn)
{
    /* For robustness we're going to use a resampler object to calculate this since that already has a way of calculating this. */
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_resampler_config config;
    ma_resampler resampler;

    if (sampleRateOut == sampleRateIn) {
        return frameCountIn;
    }

    config = ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format_s16, 1, sampleRateIn, sampleRateOut, ma_resample_algorithm_linear);
    result = ma_resampler_init(&config, &resampler);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return 0;
    }

    frameCountOut = ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(&resampler, frameCountIn);

    ma_resampler_uninit(&resampler);
    return frameCountOut;
}

#ifndef MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE
#define MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE     4096
#endif



#if defined(MA_WIN32)
static ma_result ma_result_from_GetLastError(DWORD error)
{
    switch (error)
    {
        case ERROR_SUCCESS:             return MA_SUCCESS;
        case ERROR_PATH_NOT_FOUND:      return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
        case ERROR_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES: return MA_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
        case ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY:   return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        case ERROR_DISK_FULL:           return MA_NO_SPACE;
        case ERROR_HANDLE_EOF:          return MA_END_OF_FILE;
        case ERROR_NEGATIVE_SEEK:       return MA_BAD_SEEK;
        case ERROR_INVALID_PARAMETER:   return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case ERROR_ACCESS_DENIED:       return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
        case ERROR_SEM_TIMEOUT:         return MA_TIMEOUT;
        case ERROR_FILE_NOT_FOUND:      return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
        default: break;
    }

    return MA_ERROR;
}
#endif  /* MA_WIN32 */


/*******************************************************************************

Threading

*******************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_THREADING
#ifdef MA_WIN32
    #define MA_THREADCALL WINAPI
    typedef unsigned long ma_thread_result;
#else
    #define MA_THREADCALL
    typedef void* ma_thread_result;
#endif
typedef ma_thread_result (MA_THREADCALL * ma_thread_entry_proc)(void* pData);

#ifdef MA_WIN32
static int ma_thread_priority_to_win32(ma_thread_priority priority)
{
    switch (priority) {
        case ma_thread_priority_idle:     return THREAD_PRIORITY_IDLE;
        case ma_thread_priority_lowest:   return THREAD_PRIORITY_LOWEST;
        case ma_thread_priority_low:      return THREAD_PRIORITY_BELOW_NORMAL;
        case ma_thread_priority_normal:   return THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
        case ma_thread_priority_high:     return THREAD_PRIORITY_ABOVE_NORMAL;
        case ma_thread_priority_highest:  return THREAD_PRIORITY_HIGHEST;
        case ma_thread_priority_realtime: return THREAD_PRIORITY_TIME_CRITICAL;
        default:                          return THREAD_PRIORITY_NORMAL;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_thread_create__win32(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority priority, size_t stackSize, ma_thread_entry_proc entryProc, void* pData)
{
    *pThread = CreateThread(NULL, stackSize, entryProc, pData, 0, NULL);
    if (*pThread == NULL) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    SetThreadPriority((HANDLE)*pThread, ma_thread_priority_to_win32(priority));

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_thread_wait__win32(ma_thread* pThread)
{
    WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)*pThread, INFINITE);
}


static ma_result ma_mutex_init__win32(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    *pMutex = CreateEventW(NULL, FALSE, TRUE, NULL);
    if (*pMutex == NULL) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_mutex_uninit__win32(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    CloseHandle((HANDLE)*pMutex);
}

static void ma_mutex_lock__win32(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)*pMutex, INFINITE);
}

static void ma_mutex_unlock__win32(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    SetEvent((HANDLE)*pMutex);
}


static ma_result ma_event_init__win32(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    *pEvent = CreateEventW(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (*pEvent == NULL) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_event_uninit__win32(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    CloseHandle((HANDLE)*pEvent);
}

static ma_result ma_event_wait__win32(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    DWORD result = WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)*pEvent, INFINITE);
    if (result == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (result == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
        return MA_TIMEOUT;
    }

    return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
}

static ma_result ma_event_signal__win32(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    BOOL result = SetEvent((HANDLE)*pEvent);
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_semaphore_init__win32(int initialValue, ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    *pSemaphore = CreateSemaphoreW(NULL, (LONG)initialValue, LONG_MAX, NULL);
    if (*pSemaphore == NULL) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_semaphore_uninit__win32(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    CloseHandle((HANDLE)*pSemaphore);
}

static ma_result ma_semaphore_wait__win32(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    DWORD result = WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)*pSemaphore, INFINITE);
    if (result == WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (result == WAIT_TIMEOUT) {
        return MA_TIMEOUT;
    }

    return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
}

static ma_result ma_semaphore_release__win32(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    BOOL result = ReleaseSemaphore((HANDLE)*pSemaphore, 1, NULL);
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif


#ifdef MA_POSIX
static ma_result ma_thread_create__posix(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority priority, size_t stackSize, ma_thread_entry_proc entryProc, void* pData)
{
    int result;
    pthread_attr_t* pAttr = NULL;

#if !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
    /* Try setting the thread priority. It's not critical if anything fails here. */
    pthread_attr_t attr;
    if (pthread_attr_init(&attr) == 0) {
        int scheduler = -1;
        if (priority == ma_thread_priority_idle) {
#ifdef SCHED_IDLE
            if (pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&attr, SCHED_IDLE) == 0) {
                scheduler = SCHED_IDLE;
            }
#endif
        } else if (priority == ma_thread_priority_realtime) {
#ifdef SCHED_FIFO
            if (pthread_attr_setschedpolicy(&attr, SCHED_FIFO) == 0) {
                scheduler = SCHED_FIFO;
            }
#endif
#ifdef MA_LINUX
        } else {
            scheduler = sched_getscheduler(0);
#endif
        }

        if (stackSize > 0) {
            pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attr, stackSize);
        }

        if (scheduler != -1) {
            int priorityMin = sched_get_priority_min(scheduler);
            int priorityMax = sched_get_priority_max(scheduler);
            int priorityStep = (priorityMax - priorityMin) / 7;  /* 7 = number of priorities supported by miniaudio. */

            struct sched_param sched;
            if (pthread_attr_getschedparam(&attr, &sched) == 0) {
                if (priority == ma_thread_priority_idle) {
                    sched.sched_priority = priorityMin;
                } else if (priority == ma_thread_priority_realtime) {
                    sched.sched_priority = priorityMax;
                } else {
                    sched.sched_priority += ((int)priority + 5) * priorityStep;  /* +5 because the lowest priority is -5. */
                    if (sched.sched_priority < priorityMin) {
                        sched.sched_priority = priorityMin;
                    }
                    if (sched.sched_priority > priorityMax) {
                        sched.sched_priority = priorityMax;
                    }
                }

                if (pthread_attr_setschedparam(&attr, &sched) == 0) {
                    pAttr = &attr;
                }
            }
        }

        pthread_attr_destroy(&attr);
    }
#endif

    result = pthread_create(pThread, pAttr, entryProc, pData);
    if (result != 0) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(result);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_thread_wait__posix(ma_thread* pThread)
{
    pthread_join(*pThread, NULL);
}


static ma_result ma_mutex_init__posix(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    int result = pthread_mutex_init((pthread_mutex_t*)pMutex, NULL);
    if (result != 0) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(result);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_mutex_uninit__posix(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    pthread_mutex_destroy((pthread_mutex_t*)pMutex);
}

static void ma_mutex_lock__posix(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock((pthread_mutex_t*)pMutex);
}

static void ma_mutex_unlock__posix(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    pthread_mutex_unlock((pthread_mutex_t*)pMutex);
}


static ma_result ma_event_init__posix(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    int result;

    result = pthread_mutex_init(&pEvent->lock, NULL);
    if (result != 0) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(result);
    }

    result = pthread_cond_init(&pEvent->cond, NULL);
    if (result != 0) {
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&pEvent->lock);
        return ma_result_from_errno(result);
    }

    pEvent->value = 0;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_event_uninit__posix(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    pthread_cond_destroy(&pEvent->cond);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pEvent->lock);
}

static ma_result ma_event_wait__posix(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pEvent->lock);
    {
        while (pEvent->value == 0) {
            pthread_cond_wait(&pEvent->cond, &pEvent->lock);
        }
        pEvent->value = 0;  /* Auto-reset. */
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pEvent->lock);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_event_signal__posix(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    pthread_mutex_lock(&pEvent->lock);
    {
        pEvent->value = 1;
        pthread_cond_signal(&pEvent->cond);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pEvent->lock);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_semaphore_init__posix(int initialValue, ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    int result;

    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pSemaphore->value = initialValue;

    result = pthread_mutex_init(&pSemaphore->lock, NULL);
    if (result != 0) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(result);  /* Failed to create mutex. */
    }

    result = pthread_cond_init(&pSemaphore->cond, NULL);
    if (result != 0) {
        pthread_mutex_destroy(&pSemaphore->lock);
        return ma_result_from_errno(result);  /* Failed to create condition variable. */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_semaphore_uninit__posix(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    pthread_cond_destroy(&pSemaphore->cond);
    pthread_mutex_destroy(&pSemaphore->lock);
}

static ma_result ma_semaphore_wait__posix(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pthread_mutex_lock(&pSemaphore->lock);
    {
        /* We need to wait on a condition variable before escaping. We can't return from this function until the semaphore has been signaled. */
        while (pSemaphore->value == 0) {
            pthread_cond_wait(&pSemaphore->cond, &pSemaphore->lock);
        }

        pSemaphore->value -= 1;
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pSemaphore->lock);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_semaphore_release__posix(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pthread_mutex_lock(&pSemaphore->lock);
    {
        pSemaphore->value += 1;
        pthread_cond_signal(&pSemaphore->cond);
    }
    pthread_mutex_unlock(&pSemaphore->lock);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_thread_create(ma_thread* pThread, ma_thread_priority priority, size_t stackSize, ma_thread_entry_proc entryProc, void* pData)
{
    if (pThread == NULL || entryProc == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_thread_create__win32(pThread, priority, stackSize, entryProc, pData);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_thread_create__posix(pThread, priority, stackSize, entryProc, pData);
#endif
}

static void ma_thread_wait(ma_thread* pThread)
{
    if (pThread == NULL) {
        return;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_thread_wait__win32(pThread);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_thread_wait__posix(pThread);
#endif
}


MA_API ma_result ma_mutex_init(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    if (pMutex == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert to the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_mutex_init__win32(pMutex);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_mutex_init__posix(pMutex);
#endif
}

MA_API void ma_mutex_uninit(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    if (pMutex == NULL) {
        return;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_mutex_uninit__win32(pMutex);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_mutex_uninit__posix(pMutex);
#endif
}

MA_API void ma_mutex_lock(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    if (pMutex == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert to the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_mutex_lock__win32(pMutex);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_mutex_lock__posix(pMutex);
#endif
}

MA_API void ma_mutex_unlock(ma_mutex* pMutex)
{
    if (pMutex == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert to the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return;
}

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_mutex_unlock__win32(pMutex);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_mutex_unlock__posix(pMutex);
#endif
}


MA_API ma_result ma_event_init(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    if (pEvent == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert to the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_event_init__win32(pEvent);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_event_init__posix(pEvent);
#endif
}

#if 0
static ma_result ma_event_alloc_and_init(ma_event** ppEvent, ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_event* pEvent;

    if (ppEvent == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *ppEvent = NULL;

    pEvent = ma_malloc(sizeof(*pEvent), pAllocationCallbacks/*, MA_ALLOCATION_TYPE_EVENT*/);
    if (pEvent == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    result = ma_event_init(pEvent);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_free(pEvent, pAllocationCallbacks/*, MA_ALLOCATION_TYPE_EVENT*/);
        return result;
    }

    *ppEvent = pEvent;
    return result;
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_event_uninit(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    if (pEvent == NULL) {
        return;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_event_uninit__win32(pEvent);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_event_uninit__posix(pEvent);
#endif
}

#if 0
static void ma_event_uninit_and_free(ma_event* pEvent, ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pEvent == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    ma_event_uninit(pEvent);
    ma_free(pEvent, pAllocationCallbacks/*, MA_ALLOCATION_TYPE_EVENT*/);
}
#endif

MA_API ma_result ma_event_wait(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    if (pEvent == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert to the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_event_wait__win32(pEvent);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_event_wait__posix(pEvent);
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_event_signal(ma_event* pEvent)
{
    if (pEvent == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert to the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_event_signal__win32(pEvent);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_event_signal__posix(pEvent);
#endif
}


MA_API ma_result ma_semaphore_init(int initialValue, ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert so the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_semaphore_init__win32(initialValue, pSemaphore);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_semaphore_init__posix(initialValue, pSemaphore);
#endif
}

MA_API void ma_semaphore_uninit(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert so the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_semaphore_uninit__win32(pSemaphore);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    ma_semaphore_uninit__posix(pSemaphore);
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_semaphore_wait(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert so the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_semaphore_wait__win32(pSemaphore);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_semaphore_wait__posix(pSemaphore);
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_semaphore_release(ma_semaphore* pSemaphore)
{
    if (pSemaphore == NULL) {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);    /* Fire an assert so the caller is aware of this bug. */
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    return ma_semaphore_release__win32(pSemaphore);
#endif
#ifdef MA_POSIX
    return ma_semaphore_release__posix(pSemaphore);
#endif
}
#else
/* MA_NO_THREADING is set which means threading is disabled. Threading is required by some API families. If any of these are enabled we need to throw an error. */
#ifndef MA_NO_DEVICE_IO
#error "MA_NO_THREADING cannot be used without MA_NO_DEVICE_IO";
#endif
#endif  /* MA_NO_THREADING */


/************************************************************************************************************************************************************
*************************************************************************************************************************************************************

DEVICE I/O
==========

*************************************************************************************************************************************************************
************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_DEVICE_IO
#ifdef MA_WIN32
    #include <objbase.h>
    #include <mmreg.h>
    #include <mmsystem.h>
#endif

#if defined(MA_APPLE) && (__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 101200)
    #include <mach/mach_time.h> /* For mach_absolute_time() */
#endif

#ifdef MA_POSIX
    #include <sys/types.h>
    #include <unistd.h>
    #include <dlfcn.h>
#endif

/*
Unfortunately using runtime linking for pthreads causes problems. This has occurred for me when testing on FreeBSD. When
using runtime linking, deadlocks can occur (for me it happens when loading data from fread()). It turns out that doing
compile-time linking fixes this. I'm not sure why this happens, but the safest way I can think of to fix this is to simply
disable runtime linking by default. To enable runtime linking, #define this before the implementation of this file. I am
not officially supporting this, but I'm leaving it here in case it's useful for somebody, somewhere.
*/
/*#define MA_USE_RUNTIME_LINKING_FOR_PTHREAD*/

/* Disable run-time linking on certain backends. */
#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    #if defined(MA_ANDROID) || defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
        #define MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    #endif
#endif

/*
Check if we have the necessary development packages for each backend at the top so we can use this to determine whether or not
certain unused functions and variables can be excluded from the build to avoid warnings.
*/
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_WASAPI
    #define MA_HAS_WASAPI      /* Every compiler should support WASAPI */
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_DSOUND
    #define MA_HAS_DSOUND      /* Every compiler should support DirectSound. */
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_WINMM
    #define MA_HAS_WINMM       /* Every compiler I'm aware of supports WinMM. */
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_ALSA
    #define MA_HAS_ALSA
    #ifdef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
        #ifdef __has_include
            #if !__has_include(<alsa/asoundlib.h>)
                #undef MA_HAS_ALSA
            #endif
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_PULSEAUDIO
    #define MA_HAS_PULSEAUDIO
    #ifdef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
        #ifdef __has_include
            #if !__has_include(<pulse/pulseaudio.h>)
                #undef MA_HAS_PULSEAUDIO
            #endif
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_JACK
    #define MA_HAS_JACK
    #ifdef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
        #ifdef __has_include
            #if !__has_include(<jack/jack.h>)
                #undef MA_HAS_JACK
            #endif
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_COREAUDIO
    #define MA_HAS_COREAUDIO
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_SNDIO
    #define MA_HAS_SNDIO
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_AUDIO4
    #define MA_HAS_AUDIO4
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_OSS
    #define MA_HAS_OSS
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_AAUDIO
    #define MA_HAS_AAUDIO
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_OPENSL
    #define MA_HAS_OPENSL
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_WEBAUDIO
    #define MA_HAS_WEBAUDIO
#endif
#ifdef MA_ENABLE_NULL
    #define MA_HAS_NULL    /* Everything supports the null backend. */
#endif

MA_API const char* ma_get_backend_name(ma_backend backend)
{
    switch (backend)
    {
        case ma_backend_wasapi:     return "WASAPI";
        case ma_backend_dsound:     return "DirectSound";
        case ma_backend_winmm:      return "WinMM";
        case ma_backend_coreaudio:  return "Core Audio";
        case ma_backend_sndio:      return "sndio";
        case ma_backend_audio4:     return "audio(4)";
        case ma_backend_oss:        return "OSS";
        case ma_backend_pulseaudio: return "PulseAudio";
        case ma_backend_alsa:       return "ALSA";
        case ma_backend_jack:       return "JACK";
        case ma_backend_aaudio:     return "AAudio";
        case ma_backend_opensl:     return "OpenSL|ES";
        case ma_backend_webaudio:   return "Web Audio";
        case ma_backend_null:       return "Null";
        default:                    return "Unknown";
    }
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_is_loopback_supported(ma_backend backend)
{
    switch (backend)
    {
        case ma_backend_wasapi:     return MA_TRUE;
        case ma_backend_dsound:     return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_winmm:      return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_coreaudio:  return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_sndio:      return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_audio4:     return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_oss:        return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_pulseaudio: return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_alsa:       return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_jack:       return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_aaudio:     return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_opensl:     return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_webaudio:   return MA_FALSE;
        case ma_backend_null:       return MA_FALSE;
        default:                    return MA_FALSE;
    }
}



#ifdef MA_WIN32
/* WASAPI error codes. */
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED              ((HRESULT)0x88890001)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_ALREADY_INITIALIZED          ((HRESULT)0x88890002)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_WRONG_ENDPOINT_TYPE          ((HRESULT)0x88890003)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED           ((HRESULT)0x88890004)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_NOT_STOPPED                  ((HRESULT)0x88890005)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE             ((HRESULT)0x88890006)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_OUT_OF_ORDER                 ((HRESULT)0x88890007)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT           ((HRESULT)0x88890008)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_SIZE                 ((HRESULT)0x88890009)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_IN_USE                ((HRESULT)0x8889000A)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_OPERATION_PENDING     ((HRESULT)0x8889000B)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_THREAD_NOT_REGISTERED        ((HRESULT)0x8889000C)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_NO_SINGLE_PROCESS            ((HRESULT)0x8889000D)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_NOT_ALLOWED   ((HRESULT)0x8889000E)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENDPOINT_CREATE_FAILED       ((HRESULT)0x8889000F)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_SERVICE_NOT_RUNNING          ((HRESULT)0x88890010)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_EVENTHANDLE_NOT_EXPECTED     ((HRESULT)0x88890011)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_ONLY          ((HRESULT)0x88890012)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFDURATION_PERIOD_NOT_EQUAL ((HRESULT)0x88890013)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_EVENTHANDLE_NOT_SET          ((HRESULT)0x88890014)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_INCORRECT_BUFFER_SIZE        ((HRESULT)0x88890015)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_ERROR            ((HRESULT)0x88890016)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_CPUUSAGE_EXCEEDED            ((HRESULT)0x88890017)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_ERROR                 ((HRESULT)0x88890018)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_NOT_ALIGNED      ((HRESULT)0x88890019)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_DEVICE_PERIOD        ((HRESULT)0x88890020)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_STREAM_FLAG          ((HRESULT)0x88890021)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENDPOINT_OFFLOAD_NOT_CAPABLE ((HRESULT)0x88890022)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_OUT_OF_OFFLOAD_RESOURCES     ((HRESULT)0x88890023)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_OFFLOAD_MODE_ONLY            ((HRESULT)0x88890024)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_NONOFFLOAD_MODE_ONLY         ((HRESULT)0x88890025)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_RESOURCES_INVALIDATED        ((HRESULT)0x88890026)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_RAW_MODE_UNSUPPORTED         ((HRESULT)0x88890027)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENGINE_PERIODICITY_LOCKED    ((HRESULT)0x88890028)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENGINE_FORMAT_LOCKED         ((HRESULT)0x88890029)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_HEADTRACKING_ENABLED         ((HRESULT)0x88890030)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_E_HEADTRACKING_UNSUPPORTED     ((HRESULT)0x88890040)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_S_BUFFER_EMPTY                 ((HRESULT)0x08890001)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_S_THREAD_ALREADY_REGISTERED    ((HRESULT)0x08890002)
#define MA_AUDCLNT_S_POSITION_STALLED             ((HRESULT)0x08890003)

#define MA_DS_OK                                  ((HRESULT)0)
#define MA_DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION                   ((HRESULT)0x0878000A)
#define MA_DSERR_ALLOCATED                        ((HRESULT)0x8878000A)
#define MA_DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL                   ((HRESULT)0x8878001E)
#define MA_DSERR_INVALIDPARAM                     ((HRESULT)0x80070057) /*E_INVALIDARG*/
#define MA_DSERR_INVALIDCALL                      ((HRESULT)0x88780032)
#define MA_DSERR_GENERIC                          ((HRESULT)0x80004005) /*E_FAIL*/
#define MA_DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED                  ((HRESULT)0x88780046)
#define MA_DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY                      ((HRESULT)0x8007000E) /*E_OUTOFMEMORY*/
#define MA_DSERR_BADFORMAT                        ((HRESULT)0x88780064)
#define MA_DSERR_UNSUPPORTED                      ((HRESULT)0x80004001) /*E_NOTIMPL*/
#define MA_DSERR_NODRIVER                         ((HRESULT)0x88780078)
#define MA_DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED               ((HRESULT)0x88780082)
#define MA_DSERR_NOAGGREGATION                    ((HRESULT)0x80040110) /*CLASS_E_NOAGGREGATION*/
#define MA_DSERR_BUFFERLOST                       ((HRESULT)0x88780096)
#define MA_DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO                  ((HRESULT)0x887800A0)
#define MA_DSERR_UNINITIALIZED                    ((HRESULT)0x887800AA)
#define MA_DSERR_NOINTERFACE                      ((HRESULT)0x80004002) /*E_NOINTERFACE*/
#define MA_DSERR_ACCESSDENIED                     ((HRESULT)0x80070005) /*E_ACCESSDENIED*/
#define MA_DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL                   ((HRESULT)0x887800B4)
#define MA_DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED                     ((HRESULT)0x887800BE)
#define MA_DSERR_SENDLOOP                         ((HRESULT)0x887800C8)
#define MA_DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID                ((HRESULT)0x887800D2)
#define MA_DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND                   ((HRESULT)0x88781161)
#define MA_DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE                    ((HRESULT)0x887800DC)

static ma_result ma_result_from_HRESULT(HRESULT hr)
{
    switch (hr)
    {
        case NOERROR:                                   return MA_SUCCESS;
        /*case S_OK:                                      return MA_SUCCESS;*/

        case E_POINTER:                                 return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case E_UNEXPECTED:                              return MA_ERROR;
        case E_NOTIMPL:                                 return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
        case E_OUTOFMEMORY:                             return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        case E_INVALIDARG:                              return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case E_NOINTERFACE:                             return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;
        case E_HANDLE:                                  return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case E_ABORT:                                   return MA_ERROR;
        case E_FAIL:                                    return MA_ERROR;
        case E_ACCESSDENIED:                            return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;

        /* WASAPI */
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_NOT_INITIALIZED:              return MA_DEVICE_NOT_INITIALIZED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_ALREADY_INITIALIZED:          return MA_DEVICE_ALREADY_INITIALIZED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_WRONG_ENDPOINT_TYPE:          return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_INVALIDATED:           return MA_UNAVAILABLE;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_NOT_STOPPED:                  return MA_DEVICE_NOT_STOPPED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_TOO_LARGE:             return MA_TOO_BIG;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_OUT_OF_ORDER:                 return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_UNSUPPORTED_FORMAT:           return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_SIZE:                 return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_IN_USE:                return MA_BUSY;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_OPERATION_PENDING:     return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_THREAD_NOT_REGISTERED:        return MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_NO_SINGLE_PROCESS:            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_NOT_ALLOWED:   return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENDPOINT_CREATE_FAILED:       return MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_SERVICE_NOT_RUNNING:          return MA_NOT_CONNECTED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_EVENTHANDLE_NOT_EXPECTED:     return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_EXCLUSIVE_MODE_ONLY:          return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFDURATION_PERIOD_NOT_EQUAL: return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_EVENTHANDLE_NOT_SET:          return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_INCORRECT_BUFFER_SIZE:        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_ERROR:            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_CPUUSAGE_EXCEEDED:            return MA_ERROR;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_ERROR:                 return MA_ERROR;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_NOT_ALIGNED:      return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_DEVICE_PERIOD:        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_STREAM_FLAG:          return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENDPOINT_OFFLOAD_NOT_CAPABLE: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_OUT_OF_OFFLOAD_RESOURCES:     return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_OFFLOAD_MODE_ONLY:            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_NONOFFLOAD_MODE_ONLY:         return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_RESOURCES_INVALIDATED:        return MA_INVALID_DATA;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_RAW_MODE_UNSUPPORTED:         return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENGINE_PERIODICITY_LOCKED:    return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_ENGINE_FORMAT_LOCKED:         return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_HEADTRACKING_ENABLED:         return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_E_HEADTRACKING_UNSUPPORTED:     return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_S_BUFFER_EMPTY:                 return MA_NO_SPACE;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_S_THREAD_ALREADY_REGISTERED:    return MA_ALREADY_EXISTS;
        case MA_AUDCLNT_S_POSITION_STALLED:             return MA_ERROR;

        /* DirectSound */
        /*case MA_DS_OK:                                  return MA_SUCCESS;*/          /* S_OK */
        case MA_DS_NO_VIRTUALIZATION:                   return MA_SUCCESS;
        case MA_DSERR_ALLOCATED:                        return MA_ALREADY_IN_USE;
        case MA_DSERR_CONTROLUNAVAIL:                   return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        /*case MA_DSERR_INVALIDPARAM:                    return MA_INVALID_ARGS;*/      /* E_INVALIDARG */
        case MA_DSERR_INVALIDCALL:                      return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        /*case MA_DSERR_GENERIC:                          return MA_ERROR;*/            /* E_FAIL */
        case MA_DSERR_PRIOLEVELNEEDED:                  return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        /*case MA_DSERR_OUTOFMEMORY:                      return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;*/    /* E_OUTOFMEMORY */
        case MA_DSERR_BADFORMAT:                        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        /*case MA_DSERR_UNSUPPORTED:                      return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;*/  /* E_NOTIMPL */
        case MA_DSERR_NODRIVER:                         return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
        case MA_DSERR_ALREADYINITIALIZED:               return MA_DEVICE_ALREADY_INITIALIZED;
        case MA_DSERR_NOAGGREGATION:                    return MA_ERROR;
        case MA_DSERR_BUFFERLOST:                       return MA_UNAVAILABLE;
        case MA_DSERR_OTHERAPPHASPRIO:                  return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
        case MA_DSERR_UNINITIALIZED:                    return MA_DEVICE_NOT_INITIALIZED;
        /*case MA_DSERR_NOINTERFACE:                      return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;*/    /* E_NOINTERFACE */
        /*case MA_DSERR_ACCESSDENIED:                     return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;*/    /* E_ACCESSDENIED */
        case MA_DSERR_BUFFERTOOSMALL:                   return MA_NO_SPACE;
        case MA_DSERR_DS8_REQUIRED:                     return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case MA_DSERR_SENDLOOP:                         return MA_DEADLOCK;
        case MA_DSERR_BADSENDBUFFERGUID:                return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_DSERR_OBJECTNOTFOUND:                   return MA_NO_DEVICE;
        case MA_DSERR_FXUNAVAILABLE:                    return MA_UNAVAILABLE;

        default:                                        return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

typedef HRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_CoInitializeEx)(LPVOID pvReserved, DWORD  dwCoInit);
typedef void    (WINAPI * MA_PFN_CoUninitialize)(void);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_CoCreateInstance)(REFCLSID rclsid, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter, DWORD dwClsContext, REFIID riid, LPVOID *ppv);
typedef void    (WINAPI * MA_PFN_CoTaskMemFree)(LPVOID pv);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_PropVariantClear)(PROPVARIANT *pvar);
typedef int     (WINAPI * MA_PFN_StringFromGUID2)(const GUID* const rguid, LPOLESTR lpsz, int cchMax);

typedef HWND (WINAPI * MA_PFN_GetForegroundWindow)(void);
typedef HWND (WINAPI * MA_PFN_GetDesktopWindow)(void);

/* Microsoft documents these APIs as returning LSTATUS, but the Win32 API shipping with some compilers do not define it. It's just a LONG. */
typedef LONG (WINAPI * MA_PFN_RegOpenKeyExA)(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpSubKey, DWORD ulOptions, REGSAM samDesired, PHKEY phkResult);
typedef LONG (WINAPI * MA_PFN_RegCloseKey)(HKEY hKey);
typedef LONG (WINAPI * MA_PFN_RegQueryValueExA)(HKEY hKey, LPCSTR lpValueName, LPDWORD lpReserved, LPDWORD lpType, LPBYTE lpData, LPDWORD lpcbData);
#endif


#define MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED     0
#define MA_STATE_STOPPED           1   /* The device's default state after initialization. */
#define MA_STATE_STARTED           2   /* The worker thread is in it's main loop waiting for the driver to request or deliver audio data. */
#define MA_STATE_STARTING          3   /* Transitioning from a stopped state to started. */
#define MA_STATE_STOPPING          4   /* Transitioning from a started state to stopped. */

#define MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME    "Default Playback Device"
#define MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME     "Default Capture Device"


MA_API const char* ma_log_level_to_string(ma_uint32 logLevel)
{
    switch (logLevel)
    {
        case MA_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE: return "";
        case MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO:    return "INFO";
        case MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING: return "WARNING";
        case MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR:   return "ERROR";
        default:                   return "ERROR";
    }
}

/* Posts a log message. */
static void ma_post_log_message(ma_context* pContext, ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 logLevel, const char* message)
{
    if (pContext == NULL) {
        if (pDevice != NULL) {
            pContext = pDevice->pContext;
        }
    }

    /* All logs must be output when debug output is enabled. */
#if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
    printf("%s: %s\n", ma_log_level_to_string(logLevel), message);
#endif

    if (pContext == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    
#if defined(MA_LOG_LEVEL)
    if (logLevel <= MA_LOG_LEVEL) {
        ma_log_proc onLog;

        onLog = pContext->logCallback;
        if (onLog) {
            onLog(pContext, pDevice, logLevel, message);
        }
    }
#endif
}

/*
We need to emulate _vscprintf() for the VC6 build. This can be more efficient, but since it's only VC6, and it's just a
logging function, I'm happy to keep this simple. In the VC6 build we can implement this in terms of _vsnprintf().
*/
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1900
int ma_vscprintf(const char* format, va_list args)
{
#if _MSC_VER > 1200
    return _vscprintf(format, args);
#else
    int result;
    char* pTempBuffer = NULL;
    size_t tempBufferCap = 1024;

    if (format == NULL) {
        errno = EINVAL;
        return -1;
    }

	for (;;) {
        char* pNewTempBuffer = (char*)ma_realloc(pTempBuffer, tempBufferCap, NULL);    /* TODO: Add support for custom memory allocators? */
        if (pNewTempBuffer == NULL) {
            ma_free(pTempBuffer, NULL);
            errno = ENOMEM;
            return -1;  /* Out of memory. */
        }

        pTempBuffer = pNewTempBuffer;

        result = _vsnprintf(pTempBuffer, tempBufferCap, format, args);
        ma_free(pTempBuffer, NULL);
        
        if (result != -1) {
            break;  /* Got it. */
        }

        /* Buffer wasn't big enough. Ideally it'd be nice to use an error code to know the reason for sure, but this is reliable enough. */
        tempBufferCap *= 2;
	}

    return result;
#endif
}
#endif

/* Posts a formatted log message. */
static void ma_post_log_messagev(ma_context* pContext, ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 logLevel, const char* pFormat, va_list args)
{
#if (!defined(_MSC_VER) || _MSC_VER >= 1900) && !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
    {
        char pFormattedMessage[1024];
        vsnprintf(pFormattedMessage, sizeof(pFormattedMessage), pFormat, args);
        ma_post_log_message(pContext, pDevice, logLevel, pFormattedMessage);
    }
#else
    {
        /*
        Without snprintf() we need to first measure the string and then heap allocate it. I'm only aware of Visual Studio having support for this without snprintf(), so we'll
        need to restrict this branch to Visual Studio. For other compilers we need to just not support formatted logging because I don't want the security risk of overflowing
        a fixed sized stack allocated buffer.
        */
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1200   /* 1200 = VC6 */
        int formattedLen;
        va_list args2;

    #if _MSC_VER >= 1800
        va_copy(args2, args);
    #else
        args2 = args;
    #endif
        formattedLen = ma_vscprintf(pFormat, args2);
        va_end(args2);

        if (formattedLen > 0) {
            char* pFormattedMessage = NULL;
            ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks = NULL;

            /* Make sure we have a context so we can allocate memory. */
            if (pContext == NULL) {
                if (pDevice != NULL) {
                    pContext = pDevice->pContext;
                }
            }

            if (pContext != NULL) {
                pAllocationCallbacks = &pContext->allocationCallbacks;
            }

            pFormattedMessage = (char*)ma_malloc(formattedLen + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
            if (pFormattedMessage != NULL) {
                /* We'll get errors on newer versions of Visual Studio if we try to use vsprintf().  */
            #if _MSC_VER >= 1400    /* 1400 = Visual Studio 2005 */
                vsprintf_s(pFormattedMessage, formattedLen + 1, pFormat, args);
            #else
                vsprintf(pFormattedMessage, pFormat, args);
            #endif
                
                ma_post_log_message(pContext, pDevice, logLevel, pFormattedMessage);
                ma_free(pFormattedMessage, pAllocationCallbacks);
            }
        }
    #else
        /* Can't do anything because we don't have a safe way of to emulate vsnprintf() without a manual solution. */
        (void)pContext;
        (void)pDevice;
        (void)logLevel;
        (void)pFormat;
        (void)args;
    #endif
    }
#endif
}

MA_API void ma_post_log_messagef(ma_context* pContext, ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 logLevel, const char* pFormat, ...)
{
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, pFormat);
    {
        ma_post_log_messagev(pContext, pDevice, logLevel, pFormat, args);
    }
    va_end(args);
}

/* Posts an log message. Throw a breakpoint in here if you're needing to debug. The return value is always "resultCode". */
static ma_result ma_context_post_error(ma_context* pContext, ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 logLevel, const char* message, ma_result resultCode)
{
    ma_post_log_message(pContext, pDevice, logLevel, message);
    return resultCode;
}

static ma_result ma_post_error(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 logLevel, const char* message, ma_result resultCode)
{
    return ma_context_post_error(NULL, pDevice, logLevel, message, resultCode);
}


/*******************************************************************************

Timing

*******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_WIN32
    static LARGE_INTEGER g_ma_TimerFrequency = {{0}};
    static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
    {
        LARGE_INTEGER counter;

        if (g_ma_TimerFrequency.QuadPart == 0) {
            QueryPerformanceFrequency(&g_ma_TimerFrequency);
        }

        QueryPerformanceCounter(&counter);
        pTimer->counter = counter.QuadPart;
    }

    static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
    {
        LARGE_INTEGER counter;
        if (!QueryPerformanceCounter(&counter)) {
            return 0;
        }

        return (double)(counter.QuadPart - pTimer->counter) / g_ma_TimerFrequency.QuadPart;
    }
#elif defined(MA_APPLE) && (__MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED < 101200)
    static ma_uint64 g_ma_TimerFrequency = 0;
    static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
    {
        mach_timebase_info_data_t baseTime;
        mach_timebase_info(&baseTime);
        g_ma_TimerFrequency = (baseTime.denom * 1e9) / baseTime.numer;

        pTimer->counter = mach_absolute_time();
    }

    static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
    {
        ma_uint64 newTimeCounter = mach_absolute_time();
        ma_uint64 oldTimeCounter = pTimer->counter;

        return (newTimeCounter - oldTimeCounter) / g_ma_TimerFrequency;
    }
#elif defined(MA_EMSCRIPTEN)
    static MA_INLINE void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
    {
        pTimer->counterD = emscripten_get_now();
    }

    static MA_INLINE double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
    {
        return (emscripten_get_now() - pTimer->counterD) / 1000;    /* Emscripten is in milliseconds. */
    }
#else
    #if _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 199309L
        #if defined(CLOCK_MONOTONIC)
            #define MA_CLOCK_ID CLOCK_MONOTONIC
        #else
            #define MA_CLOCK_ID CLOCK_REALTIME
        #endif

        static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
        {
            struct timespec newTime;
            clock_gettime(MA_CLOCK_ID, &newTime);

            pTimer->counter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000000) + newTime.tv_nsec;
        }

        static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
        {
            ma_uint64 newTimeCounter;
            ma_uint64 oldTimeCounter;

            struct timespec newTime;
            clock_gettime(MA_CLOCK_ID, &newTime);

            newTimeCounter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000000) + newTime.tv_nsec;
            oldTimeCounter = pTimer->counter;

            return (newTimeCounter - oldTimeCounter) / 1000000000.0;
        }
    #else
        static void ma_timer_init(ma_timer* pTimer)
        {
            struct timeval newTime;
            gettimeofday(&newTime, NULL);

            pTimer->counter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000) + newTime.tv_usec;
        }

        static double ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(ma_timer* pTimer)
        {
            ma_uint64 newTimeCounter;
            ma_uint64 oldTimeCounter;

            struct timeval newTime;
            gettimeofday(&newTime, NULL);

            newTimeCounter = (newTime.tv_sec * 1000000) + newTime.tv_usec;
            oldTimeCounter = pTimer->counter;

            return (newTimeCounter - oldTimeCounter) / 1000000.0;
        }
    #endif
#endif


/*******************************************************************************

Dynamic Linking

*******************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_handle ma_dlopen(ma_context* pContext, const char* filename)
{
    ma_handle handle;

#if MA_LOG_LEVEL >= MA_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
    if (pContext != NULL) {
        char message[256];
        ma_strappend(message, sizeof(message), "Loading library: ", filename);
        ma_post_log_message(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE, message);
    }
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    handle = (ma_handle)LoadLibraryA(filename);
#else
    /* *sigh* It appears there is no ANSI version of LoadPackagedLibrary()... */
    WCHAR filenameW[4096];
    if (MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, filenameW, sizeof(filenameW)) == 0) {
        handle = NULL;
    } else {
        handle = (ma_handle)LoadPackagedLibrary(filenameW, 0);
    }
#endif
#else
    handle = (ma_handle)dlopen(filename, RTLD_NOW);
#endif

    /*
    I'm not considering failure to load a library an error nor a warning because seamlessly falling through to a lower-priority
    backend is a deliberate design choice. Instead I'm logging it as an informational message.
    */
#if MA_LOG_LEVEL >= MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO
    if (handle == NULL) {
        char message[256];
        ma_strappend(message, sizeof(message), "Failed to load library: ", filename);
        ma_post_log_message(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, message);
    }
#endif

    (void)pContext; /* It's possible for pContext to be unused. */
    return handle;
}

MA_API void ma_dlclose(ma_context* pContext, ma_handle handle)
{
#ifdef _WIN32
    FreeLibrary((HMODULE)handle);
#else
    dlclose((void*)handle);
#endif

    (void)pContext;
}

MA_API ma_proc ma_dlsym(ma_context* pContext, ma_handle handle, const char* symbol)
{
    ma_proc proc;

#if MA_LOG_LEVEL >= MA_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE
    if (pContext != NULL) {
        char message[256];
        ma_strappend(message, sizeof(message), "Loading symbol: ", symbol);
        ma_post_log_message(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_VERBOSE, message);
    }
#endif

#ifdef _WIN32
    proc = (ma_proc)GetProcAddress((HMODULE)handle, symbol);
#else
#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6))
    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wpedantic"
#endif
    proc = (ma_proc)dlsym((void*)handle, symbol);
#if defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ > 4 || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 6))
    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
#endif

#if MA_LOG_LEVEL >= MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING
    if (handle == NULL) {
        char message[256];
        ma_strappend(message, sizeof(message), "Failed to load symbol: ", symbol);
        ma_post_log_message(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, message);
    }
#endif

    (void)pContext; /* It's possible for pContext to be unused. */
    return proc;
}


#if 0
static ma_uint32 ma_get_closest_standard_sample_rate(ma_uint32 sampleRateIn)
{
    ma_uint32 closestRate = 0;
    ma_uint32 closestDiff = 0xFFFFFFFF;
    size_t iStandardRate;

    for (iStandardRate = 0; iStandardRate < ma_countof(g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities); ++iStandardRate) {
        ma_uint32 standardRate = g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[iStandardRate];
        ma_uint32 diff;

        if (sampleRateIn > standardRate) {
            diff = sampleRateIn - standardRate;
        } else {
            diff = standardRate - sampleRateIn;
        }

        if (diff == 0) {
            return standardRate;    /* The input sample rate is a standard rate. */
        }

        if (closestDiff > diff) {
            closestDiff = diff;
            closestRate = standardRate;
        }
    }

    return closestRate;
}
#endif


static void ma_device__on_data(ma_device* pDevice, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount)
{
    float masterVolumeFactor;
    
    masterVolumeFactor = pDevice->masterVolumeFactor;

    if (pDevice->onData) {
        if (!pDevice->noPreZeroedOutputBuffer && pFramesOut != NULL) {
            ma_silence_pcm_frames(pFramesOut, frameCount, pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
        }

        /* Volume control of input makes things a bit awkward because the input buffer is read-only. We'll need to use a temp buffer and loop in this case. */
        if (pFramesIn != NULL && masterVolumeFactor < 1) {
            ma_uint8 tempFramesIn[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
            ma_uint32 bpfCapture  = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
            ma_uint32 bpfPlayback = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
            ma_uint32 totalFramesProcessed = 0;
            while (totalFramesProcessed < frameCount) {
                ma_uint32 framesToProcessThisIteration = frameCount - totalFramesProcessed;
                if (framesToProcessThisIteration > sizeof(tempFramesIn)/bpfCapture) {
                    framesToProcessThisIteration = sizeof(tempFramesIn)/bpfCapture;
                }

                ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(tempFramesIn, ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn, totalFramesProcessed*bpfCapture), framesToProcessThisIteration, pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels, masterVolumeFactor);

                pDevice->onData(pDevice, ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, totalFramesProcessed*bpfPlayback), tempFramesIn, framesToProcessThisIteration);

                totalFramesProcessed += framesToProcessThisIteration;
            }
        } else {
            pDevice->onData(pDevice, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
        }

        /* Volume control and clipping for playback devices. */
        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            if (masterVolumeFactor < 1) {
                if (pFramesIn == NULL) {    /* <-- In full-duplex situations, the volume will have been applied to the input samples before the data callback. Applying it again post-callback will incorrectly compound it. */
                    ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(pFramesOut, frameCount, pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels, masterVolumeFactor);
                }
            }

            if (!pDevice->noClip && pDevice->playback.format == ma_format_f32) {
                ma_clip_pcm_frames_f32((float*)pFramesOut, frameCount, pDevice->playback.channels);
            }
        }
    }
}



/* A helper function for reading sample data from the client. */
static void ma_device__read_frames_from_client(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 frameCount, void* pFramesOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(frameCount > 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    if (pDevice->playback.converter.isPassthrough) {
        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, pFramesOut, NULL, frameCount);
    } else {
        ma_result result;
        ma_uint64 totalFramesReadOut;
        ma_uint64 totalFramesReadIn;
        void* pRunningFramesOut;

        totalFramesReadOut = 0;
        totalFramesReadIn  = 0;
        pRunningFramesOut  = pFramesOut;

        while (totalFramesReadOut < frameCount) {
            ma_uint8 pIntermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];  /* In client format. */
            ma_uint64 intermediaryBufferCap = sizeof(pIntermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
            ma_uint64 framesToReadThisIterationIn;
            ma_uint64 framesReadThisIterationIn;
            ma_uint64 framesToReadThisIterationOut;
            ma_uint64 framesReadThisIterationOut;
            ma_uint64 requiredInputFrameCount;

            framesToReadThisIterationOut = (frameCount - totalFramesReadOut);
            framesToReadThisIterationIn = framesToReadThisIterationOut;
            if (framesToReadThisIterationIn > intermediaryBufferCap) {
                framesToReadThisIterationIn = intermediaryBufferCap;
            }

            requiredInputFrameCount = ma_data_converter_get_required_input_frame_count(&pDevice->playback.converter, framesToReadThisIterationOut);
            if (framesToReadThisIterationIn > requiredInputFrameCount) {
                framesToReadThisIterationIn = requiredInputFrameCount;
            }

            if (framesToReadThisIterationIn > 0) {
                ma_device__on_data(pDevice, pIntermediaryBuffer, NULL, (ma_uint32)framesToReadThisIterationIn);
                totalFramesReadIn += framesToReadThisIterationIn;
            }

            /*
            At this point we have our decoded data in input format and now we need to convert to output format. Note that even if we didn't read any
            input frames, we still want to try processing frames because there may some output frames generated from cached input data.
            */
            framesReadThisIterationIn  = framesToReadThisIterationIn;
            framesReadThisIterationOut = framesToReadThisIterationOut;
            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, pIntermediaryBuffer, &framesReadThisIterationIn, pRunningFramesOut, &framesReadThisIterationOut);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                break;
            }

            totalFramesReadOut += framesReadThisIterationOut;
            pRunningFramesOut   = ma_offset_ptr(pRunningFramesOut, framesReadThisIterationOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));

            if (framesReadThisIterationIn == 0 && framesReadThisIterationOut == 0) {
                break;  /* We're done. */
            }
        }
    }
}

/* A helper for sending sample data to the client. */
static void ma_device__send_frames_to_client(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 frameCountInDeviceFormat, const void* pFramesInDeviceFormat)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(frameCountInDeviceFormat > 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesInDeviceFormat != NULL);

    if (pDevice->capture.converter.isPassthrough) {
        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, NULL, pFramesInDeviceFormat, frameCountInDeviceFormat);
    } else {
        ma_result result;
        ma_uint8 pFramesInClientFormat[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
        ma_uint64 framesInClientFormatCap = sizeof(pFramesInClientFormat) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
        ma_uint64 totalDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
        ma_uint64 totalClientFramesProcessed = 0;
        const void* pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat = pFramesInDeviceFormat;

        /* We just keep going until we've exhaused all of our input frames and cannot generate any more output frames. */
        for (;;) {
            ma_uint64 deviceFramesProcessedThisIteration;
            ma_uint64 clientFramesProcessedThisIteration;

            deviceFramesProcessedThisIteration = (frameCountInDeviceFormat - totalDeviceFramesProcessed);
            clientFramesProcessedThisIteration = framesInClientFormatCap;

            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat, &deviceFramesProcessedThisIteration, pFramesInClientFormat, &clientFramesProcessedThisIteration);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                break;
            }

            if (clientFramesProcessedThisIteration > 0) {
                ma_device__on_data(pDevice, NULL, pFramesInClientFormat, (ma_uint32)clientFramesProcessedThisIteration);    /* Safe cast. */
            }

            pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat = ma_offset_ptr(pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat, deviceFramesProcessedThisIteration * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
            totalDeviceFramesProcessed  += deviceFramesProcessedThisIteration;
            totalClientFramesProcessed  += clientFramesProcessedThisIteration;

            if (deviceFramesProcessedThisIteration == 0 && clientFramesProcessedThisIteration == 0) {
                break;  /* We're done. */
            }
        }
    }
}


/* We only want to expose ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture() and ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback() if we have an asynchronous backend enabled. */
#if defined(MA_HAS_JACK)      || \
    defined(MA_HAS_COREAUDIO) || \
    defined(MA_HAS_AAUDIO)    || \
    defined(MA_HAS_OPENSL)    || \
    defined(MA_HAS_WEBAUDIO)
static ma_result ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 frameCountInDeviceFormat, const void* pFramesInDeviceFormat, ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 totalDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
    const void* pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat = pFramesInDeviceFormat;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(frameCountInDeviceFormat > 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesInDeviceFormat != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pRB != NULL);
    
    /* Write to the ring buffer. The ring buffer is in the client format which means we need to convert. */
    for (;;) {
        ma_uint32 framesToProcessInDeviceFormat = (frameCountInDeviceFormat - totalDeviceFramesProcessed);
        ma_uint32 framesToProcessInClientFormat = MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
        ma_uint64 framesProcessedInDeviceFormat;
        ma_uint64 framesProcessedInClientFormat;
        void* pFramesInClientFormat;

        result = ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(pRB, &framesToProcessInClientFormat, &pFramesInClientFormat);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to acquire capture PCM frames from ring buffer.", result);
            break;
        }

        if (framesToProcessInClientFormat == 0) {
            if (ma_pcm_rb_pointer_distance(pRB) == (ma_int32)ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_size(pRB)) {
                break;  /* Overrun. Not enough room in the ring buffer for input frame. Excess frames are dropped. */
            }
        }

        /* Convert. */
        framesProcessedInDeviceFormat = framesToProcessInDeviceFormat;
        framesProcessedInClientFormat = framesToProcessInClientFormat;
        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat, &framesProcessedInDeviceFormat, pFramesInClientFormat, &framesProcessedInClientFormat);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            break;
        }

        result = ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(pRB, (ma_uint32)framesProcessedInDeviceFormat, pFramesInClientFormat);  /* Safe cast. */
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to commit capture PCM frames to ring buffer.", result);
            break;
        }

        pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat = ma_offset_ptr(pRunningFramesInDeviceFormat, framesProcessedInDeviceFormat * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
        totalDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)framesProcessedInDeviceFormat; /* Safe cast. */

        /* We're done when we're unable to process any client nor device frames. */
        if (framesProcessedInClientFormat == 0 && framesProcessedInDeviceFormat == 0) {
            break;  /* Done. */
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 frameCount, void* pFramesInInternalFormat, ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint8 playbackFramesInExternalFormat[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
    ma_uint8 silentInputFrames[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
    ma_uint32 totalFramesToReadFromClient;
    ma_uint32 totalFramesReadFromClient;
    ma_uint32 totalFramesReadOut = 0;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(frameCount > 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesInInternalFormat != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pRB != NULL);
    
    /*
    Sitting in the ring buffer should be captured data from the capture callback in external format. If there's not enough data in there for
    the whole frameCount frames we just use silence instead for the input data.
    */
    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(silentInputFrames, sizeof(silentInputFrames));

    /* We need to calculate how many output frames are required to be read from the client to completely fill frameCount internal frames. */
    totalFramesToReadFromClient = (ma_uint32)ma_data_converter_get_required_input_frame_count(&pDevice->playback.converter, frameCount);
    totalFramesReadFromClient = 0;
    while (totalFramesReadFromClient < totalFramesToReadFromClient && ma_device_is_started(pDevice)) {
        ma_uint32 framesRemainingFromClient;
        ma_uint32 framesToProcessFromClient;
        ma_uint32 inputFrameCount;
        void* pInputFrames;

        framesRemainingFromClient = (totalFramesToReadFromClient - totalFramesReadFromClient);
        framesToProcessFromClient = sizeof(playbackFramesInExternalFormat) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
        if (framesToProcessFromClient > framesRemainingFromClient) {
            framesToProcessFromClient = framesRemainingFromClient;
        }

        /* We need to grab captured samples before firing the callback. If there's not enough input samples we just pass silence. */
        inputFrameCount = framesToProcessFromClient;
        result = ma_pcm_rb_acquire_read(pRB, &inputFrameCount, &pInputFrames);
        if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (inputFrameCount > 0) {
                /* Use actual input frames. */
                ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackFramesInExternalFormat, pInputFrames, inputFrameCount);
            } else {
                if (ma_pcm_rb_pointer_distance(pRB) == 0) {
                    break;  /* Underrun. */
                }
            }
            
            /* We're done with the captured samples. */
            result = ma_pcm_rb_commit_read(pRB, inputFrameCount, pInputFrames);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                break; /* Don't know what to do here... Just abandon ship. */
            }
        } else {
            /* Use silent input frames. */
            inputFrameCount = ma_min(
                sizeof(playbackFramesInExternalFormat) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels),
                sizeof(silentInputFrames)              / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format,  pDevice->capture.channels)
            );

            ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackFramesInExternalFormat, silentInputFrames, inputFrameCount);
        }

        /* We have samples in external format so now we need to convert to internal format and output to the device. */
        {
            ma_uint64 framesConvertedIn  = inputFrameCount;
            ma_uint64 framesConvertedOut = (frameCount - totalFramesReadOut);
            ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackFramesInExternalFormat, &framesConvertedIn, pFramesInInternalFormat, &framesConvertedOut);

            totalFramesReadFromClient += (ma_uint32)framesConvertedIn;  /* Safe cast. */
            totalFramesReadOut        += (ma_uint32)framesConvertedOut; /* Safe cast. */
            pFramesInInternalFormat    = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesInInternalFormat, framesConvertedOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* Asynchronous backends. */

/* A helper for changing the state of the device. */
static MA_INLINE void ma_device__set_state(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 newState)
{
    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->state, newState);
}

/* A helper for getting the state of the device. */
static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_device__get_state(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    return pDevice->state;
}


#ifdef MA_WIN32
    GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM        = {0x00000001, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};
    GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT = {0x00000003, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};
    /*GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_ALAW       = {0x00000006, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};*/
    /*GUID MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_MULAW      = {0x00000007, 0x0000, 0x0010, {0x80, 0x00, 0x00, 0xaa, 0x00, 0x38, 0x9b, 0x71}};*/
#endif


typedef struct
{
    ma_device_type deviceType;
    const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
    char* pName;
    size_t nameBufferSize;
    ma_bool32 foundDevice;
} ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id__enum_callback_data;

static ma_bool32 ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id__enum_callback(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id__enum_callback_data* pData = (ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id__enum_callback_data*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);

    if (pData->deviceType == deviceType) {
        if (pContext->onDeviceIDEqual(pContext, pData->pDeviceID, &pDeviceInfo->id)) {
            ma_strncpy_s(pData->pName, pData->nameBufferSize, pDeviceInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
            pData->foundDevice = MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return !pData->foundDevice;
}

/*
Generic function for retrieving the name of a device by it's ID.

This function simply enumerates every device and then retrieves the name of the first device that has the same ID.
*/
static ma_result ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, char* pName, size_t nameBufferSize)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id__enum_callback_data data;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pName != NULL);

    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }

    data.deviceType = deviceType;
    data.pDeviceID = pDeviceID;
    data.pName = pName;
    data.nameBufferSize = nameBufferSize;
    data.foundDevice = MA_FALSE;
    result = ma_context_enumerate_devices(pContext, ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id__enum_callback, &data);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    if (!data.foundDevice) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    } else {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
}


MA_API ma_uint32 ma_get_format_priority_index(ma_format format) /* Lower = better. */
{
    ma_uint32 i;
    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(g_maFormatPriorities); ++i) {
        if (g_maFormatPriorities[i] == format) {
            return i;
        }
    }

    /* Getting here means the format could not be found or is equal to ma_format_unknown. */
    return (ma_uint32)-1;
}

static ma_result ma_device__post_init_setup(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType);


/*******************************************************************************

Null Backend

*******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_NULL

#define MA_DEVICE_OP_NONE__NULL    0
#define MA_DEVICE_OP_START__NULL   1
#define MA_DEVICE_OP_SUSPEND__NULL 2
#define MA_DEVICE_OP_KILL__NULL    3

static ma_thread_result MA_THREADCALL ma_device_thread__null(void* pData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    for (;;) {  /* Keep the thread alive until the device is uninitialized. */
        /* Wait for an operation to be requested. */
        ma_event_wait(&pDevice->null_device.operationEvent);

        /* At this point an event should have been triggered. */

        /* Starting the device needs to put the thread into a loop. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.operation == MA_DEVICE_OP_START__NULL) {
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operation, MA_DEVICE_OP_NONE__NULL);

            /* Reset the timer just in case. */
            ma_timer_init(&pDevice->null_device.timer);

            /* Keep looping until an operation has been requested. */
            while (pDevice->null_device.operation != MA_DEVICE_OP_NONE__NULL && pDevice->null_device.operation != MA_DEVICE_OP_START__NULL) {
                ma_sleep(10); /* Don't hog the CPU. */
            }

            /* Getting here means a suspend or kill operation has been requested. */
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operationResult, MA_SUCCESS);
            ma_event_signal(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent);
            continue;
        }

        /* Suspending the device means we need to stop the timer and just continue the loop. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.operation == MA_DEVICE_OP_SUSPEND__NULL) {
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operation, MA_DEVICE_OP_NONE__NULL);

            /* We need to add the current run time to the prior run time, then reset the timer. */
            pDevice->null_device.priorRunTime += ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(&pDevice->null_device.timer);
            ma_timer_init(&pDevice->null_device.timer);

            /* We're done. */
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operationResult, MA_SUCCESS);
            ma_event_signal(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent);
            continue;
        }

        /* Killing the device means we need to get out of this loop so that this thread can terminate. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.operation == MA_DEVICE_OP_KILL__NULL) {
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operation, MA_DEVICE_OP_NONE__NULL);
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operationResult, MA_SUCCESS);
            ma_event_signal(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent);
            break;
        }

        /* Getting a signal on a "none" operation probably means an error. Return invalid operation. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.operation == MA_DEVICE_OP_NONE__NULL) {
            MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);  /* <-- Trigger this in debug mode to ensure developers are aware they're doing something wrong (or there's a bug in a miniaudio). */
            c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operationResult, MA_INVALID_OPERATION);
            ma_event_signal(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent);
            continue;   /* Continue the loop. Don't terminate. */
        }
    }

    return (ma_thread_result)0;
}

static ma_result ma_device_do_operation__null(ma_device* pDevice, ma_uint32 operation)
{
    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.operation, operation);
    if (ma_event_signal(&pDevice->null_device.operationEvent) != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    if (ma_event_wait(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent) != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    return pDevice->null_device.operationResult;
}

static ma_uint64 ma_device_get_total_run_time_in_frames__null(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_uint32 internalSampleRate;
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        internalSampleRate = pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate;
    } else {
        internalSampleRate = pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate;
    }


    return (ma_uint64)((pDevice->null_device.priorRunTime + ma_timer_get_time_in_seconds(&pDevice->null_device.timer)) * internalSampleRate);
}

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__null(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return pID0->nullbackend == pID1->nullbackend;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__null(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32 cbResult = MA_TRUE;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    /* Playback. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), "NULL Playback Device", (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    /* Capture. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), "NULL Capture Device", (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__null(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_uint32 iFormat;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    if (pDeviceID != NULL && pDeviceID->nullbackend != 0) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;   /* Don't know the device. */
    }

    /* Name / Description */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), "NULL Playback Device", (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), "NULL Capture Device", (size_t)-1);
    }

    /* Support everything on the null backend. */
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = ma_format_count - 1;    /* Minus one because we don't want to include ma_format_unknown. */
    for (iFormat = 0; iFormat < pDeviceInfo->formatCount; ++iFormat) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[iFormat] = (ma_format)(iFormat + 1);  /* +1 to skip over ma_format_unknown. */
    }

    pDeviceInfo->minChannels   = 1;
    pDeviceInfo->maxChannels   = MA_MAX_CHANNELS;
    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = MA_SAMPLE_RATE_8000;
    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = MA_SAMPLE_RATE_384000;

    (void)pContext;
    (void)shareMode;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static void ma_device_uninit__null(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* Keep it clean and wait for the device thread to finish before returning. */
    ma_device_do_operation__null(pDevice, MA_DEVICE_OP_KILL__NULL);

    /* At this point the loop in the device thread is as good as terminated so we can uninitialize our events. */
    ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent);
    ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->null_device.operationEvent);
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__null(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->null_device);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    periodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
    if (periodSizeInFrames == 0) {
        periodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, pConfig->sampleRate);
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDevice->capture.name,  sizeof(pDevice->capture.name),  "NULL Capture Device",  (size_t)-1);
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat             = pConfig->capture.format;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels           = pConfig->capture.channels;
        ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, pConfig->capture.channelMap, pConfig->capture.channels);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
    }
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDevice->playback.name, sizeof(pDevice->playback.name), "NULL Playback Device", (size_t)-1);
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = pConfig->playback.format;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = pConfig->playback.channels;
        ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, pConfig->playback.channelMap, pConfig->playback.channels);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
    }

    /*
    In order to get timing right, we need to create a thread that does nothing but keeps track of the timer. This timer is started when the
    first period is "written" to it, and then stopped in ma_device_stop__null().
    */
    result = ma_event_init(&pDevice->null_device.operationEvent);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_event_init(&pDevice->null_device.operationCompletionEvent);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_thread_create(&pDevice->thread, pContext->threadPriority, 0, ma_device_thread__null, pDevice);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_start__null(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    ma_device_do_operation__null(pDevice, MA_DEVICE_OP_START__NULL);

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.isStarted, MA_TRUE);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__null(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    ma_device_do_operation__null(pDevice, MA_DEVICE_OP_SUSPEND__NULL);

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->null_device.isStarted, MA_FALSE);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__null(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_uint32 totalPCMFramesProcessed;
    ma_bool32 wasStartedOnEntry;

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    wasStartedOnEntry = pDevice->null_device.isStarted;

    /* Keep going until everything has been read. */
    totalPCMFramesProcessed = 0;
    while (totalPCMFramesProcessed < frameCount) {
        ma_uint64 targetFrame;

        /* If there are any frames remaining in the current period, consume those first. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback > 0) {
            ma_uint32 framesRemaining = (frameCount - totalPCMFramesProcessed);
            ma_uint32 framesToProcess = pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback;
            if (framesToProcess > framesRemaining) {
                framesToProcess = framesRemaining;
            }

            /* We don't actually do anything with pPCMFrames, so just mark it as unused to prevent a warning. */
            (void)pPCMFrames;

            pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback -= framesToProcess;
            totalPCMFramesProcessed += framesToProcess;
        }

        /* If we've consumed the current period we'll need to mark it as such an ensure the device is started if it's not already. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback == 0) {
            pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback = 0;

            if (!pDevice->null_device.isStarted && !wasStartedOnEntry) {
                result = ma_device_start__null(pDevice);
                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        /* If we've consumed the whole buffer we can return now. */
        MA_ASSERT(totalPCMFramesProcessed <= frameCount);
        if (totalPCMFramesProcessed == frameCount) {
            break;
        }

        /* Getting here means we've still got more frames to consume, we but need to wait for it to become available. */
        targetFrame = pDevice->null_device.lastProcessedFramePlayback;
        for (;;) {
            ma_uint64 currentFrame;

            /* Stop waiting if the device has been stopped. */
            if (!pDevice->null_device.isStarted) {
                break;
            }

            currentFrame = ma_device_get_total_run_time_in_frames__null(pDevice);
            if (currentFrame >= targetFrame) {
                break;
            }

            /* Getting here means we haven't yet reached the target sample, so continue waiting. */
            ma_sleep(10);
        }

        pDevice->null_device.lastProcessedFramePlayback          += pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingPlayback = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = totalPCMFramesProcessed;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__null(ma_device* pDevice, void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_uint32 totalPCMFramesProcessed;

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    /* Keep going until everything has been read. */
    totalPCMFramesProcessed = 0;
    while (totalPCMFramesProcessed < frameCount) {
        ma_uint64 targetFrame;

        /* If there are any frames remaining in the current period, consume those first. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture > 0) {
            ma_uint32 bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
            ma_uint32 framesRemaining = (frameCount - totalPCMFramesProcessed);
            ma_uint32 framesToProcess = pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture;
            if (framesToProcess > framesRemaining) {
                framesToProcess = framesRemaining;
            }

            /* We need to ensure the output buffer is zeroed. */
            MA_ZERO_MEMORY(ma_offset_ptr(pPCMFrames, totalPCMFramesProcessed*bpf), framesToProcess*bpf);

            pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture -= framesToProcess;
            totalPCMFramesProcessed += framesToProcess;
        }

        /* If we've consumed the current period we'll need to mark it as such an ensure the device is started if it's not already. */
        if (pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture == 0) {
            pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture = 0;
        }

        /* If we've consumed the whole buffer we can return now. */
        MA_ASSERT(totalPCMFramesProcessed <= frameCount);
        if (totalPCMFramesProcessed == frameCount) {
            break;
        }

        /* Getting here means we've still got more frames to consume, we but need to wait for it to become available. */
        targetFrame = pDevice->null_device.lastProcessedFrameCapture + pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        for (;;) {
            ma_uint64 currentFrame;

            /* Stop waiting if the device has been stopped. */
            if (!pDevice->null_device.isStarted) {
                break;
            }

            currentFrame = ma_device_get_total_run_time_in_frames__null(pDevice);
            if (currentFrame >= targetFrame) {
                break;
            }

            /* Getting here means we haven't yet reached the target sample, so continue waiting. */
            ma_sleep(10);
        }

        pDevice->null_device.lastProcessedFrameCapture          += pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->null_device.currentPeriodFramesRemainingCapture = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    }

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = totalPCMFramesProcessed;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__null(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;
    
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* The capture device needs to be started immediately. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        result = ma_device_start__null(pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                        capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__null(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                    /* At this point we have our captured data in device format and we now need to convert it to client format. */
                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                        ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                        ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
                        
                        /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                        which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                        */
                        if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                        /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                            ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            result = ma_device_write__null(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL);   /* Safe cast. */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }

                            capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__null()... */
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                /* We read in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[8192];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__null(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                    framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                /* We write in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[8192];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                    result = ma_device_write__null(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        }
    }


    /* Here is where the device is started. */
    ma_device_stop__null(pDevice);

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__null(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_null);

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__null(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__null;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__null;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__null;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__null;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__null;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__null;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__null;

    /* The null backend always works. */
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif



/*******************************************************************************

WIN32 COMMON

*******************************************************************************/
#if defined(MA_WIN32)
#if defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    #define ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, pvReserved, dwCoInit)                          ((MA_PFN_CoInitializeEx)pContext->win32.CoInitializeEx)(pvReserved, dwCoInit)
    #define ma_CoUninitialize(pContext)                                                ((MA_PFN_CoUninitialize)pContext->win32.CoUninitialize)()
    #define ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, rclsid, pUnkOuter, dwClsContext, riid, ppv)  ((MA_PFN_CoCreateInstance)pContext->win32.CoCreateInstance)(rclsid, pUnkOuter, dwClsContext, riid, ppv)
    #define ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pv)                                             ((MA_PFN_CoTaskMemFree)pContext->win32.CoTaskMemFree)(pv)
    #define ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, pvar)                                        ((MA_PFN_PropVariantClear)pContext->win32.PropVariantClear)(pvar)
#else
    #define ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, pvReserved, dwCoInit)                          CoInitializeEx(pvReserved, dwCoInit)
    #define ma_CoUninitialize(pContext)                                                CoUninitialize()
    #define ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, rclsid, pUnkOuter, dwClsContext, riid, ppv)  CoCreateInstance(rclsid, pUnkOuter, dwClsContext, riid, ppv)
    #define ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pv)                                             CoTaskMemFree(pv)
    #define ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, pvar)                                        PropVariantClear(pvar)
#endif

#if !defined(MAXULONG_PTR)
typedef size_t DWORD_PTR;
#endif

#if !defined(WAVE_FORMAT_44M08)
#define WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 0x00000100
#define WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 0x00000200
#define WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 0x00000400
#define WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 0x00000800
#define WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 0x00001000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 0x00002000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 0x00004000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 0x00008000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 0x00010000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 0x00020000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 0x00040000
#define WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 0x00080000
#endif

#ifndef SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT
#define SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT            0x1
#define SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT           0x2
#define SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER          0x4
#define SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY         0x8
#define SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT             0x10
#define SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT            0x20
#define SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER  0x40
#define SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER 0x80
#define SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER           0x100
#define SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT             0x200
#define SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT            0x400
#define SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER            0x800
#define SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT        0x1000
#define SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER      0x2000
#define SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT       0x4000
#define SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT         0x8000
#define SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER       0x10000
#define SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT        0x20000
#endif

/*
The SDK that comes with old versions of MSVC (VC6, for example) does not appear to define WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE. We
define our own implementation in this case.
*/
#if (defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(_WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE_)) || defined(__DMC__)
typedef struct
{
    WAVEFORMATEX Format;
    union
    {
        WORD wValidBitsPerSample;
        WORD wSamplesPerBlock;
        WORD wReserved;
    } Samples;
    DWORD dwChannelMask;
    GUID SubFormat;
} WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE;
#endif

#ifndef WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE
#define WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE  0xFFFE
#endif

#ifndef WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT
#define WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT  0x0003
#endif

static GUID MA_GUID_NULL = {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00}};

/* Converts an individual Win32-style channel identifier (SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT, etc.) to miniaudio. */
static ma_uint8 ma_channel_id_to_ma__win32(DWORD id)
{
    switch (id)
    {
        case SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT:            return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
        case SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT:           return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER:          return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY:         return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT:             return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT:            return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER:  return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER: return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER:           return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT:             return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT:            return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER:            return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER:      return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT:       return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT:         return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER:       return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        case SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        default: return 0;
    }
}

/* Converts an individual miniaudio channel identifier (MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT, etc.) to Win32-style. */
static DWORD ma_channel_id_to_win32(DWORD id)
{
    switch (id)
    {
        case MA_CHANNEL_MONO:               return SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT:         return SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT:        return SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER:       return SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_LFE:                return SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT:          return SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT:         return SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER:  return SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER: return SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER:        return SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT:          return SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT:         return SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER:         return SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT:     return SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER:   return SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT:    return SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT:      return SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER:    return SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT:     return SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        default: return 0;
    }
}

/* Converts a channel mapping to a Win32-style channel mask. */
static DWORD ma_channel_map_to_channel_mask__win32(const ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS], ma_uint32 channels)
{
    DWORD dwChannelMask = 0;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
        dwChannelMask |= ma_channel_id_to_win32(channelMap[iChannel]);
    }

    return dwChannelMask;
}

/* Converts a Win32-style channel mask to a miniaudio channel map. */
static void ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__win32(DWORD dwChannelMask, ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    if (channels == 1 && dwChannelMask == 0) {
        channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
    } else if (channels == 2 && dwChannelMask == 0) {
        channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
        channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
    } else {
        if (channels == 1 && (dwChannelMask & SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER) != 0) {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } else {
            /* Just iterate over each bit. */
            ma_uint32 iChannel = 0;
            ma_uint32 iBit;

            for (iBit = 0; iBit < 32; ++iBit) {
                DWORD bitValue = (dwChannelMask & (1UL << iBit));
                if (bitValue != 0) {
                    /* The bit is set. */
                    channelMap[iChannel] = ma_channel_id_to_ma__win32(bitValue);
                    iChannel += 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

#ifdef __cplusplus
static ma_bool32 ma_is_guid_equal(const void* a, const void* b)
{
    return IsEqualGUID(*(const GUID*)a, *(const GUID*)b);
}
#else
#define ma_is_guid_equal(a, b) IsEqualGUID((const GUID*)a, (const GUID*)b)
#endif

static ma_format ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX(const WAVEFORMATEX* pWF)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pWF != NULL);

    if (pWF->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
        const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* pWFEX = (const WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE*)pWF;
        if (ma_is_guid_equal(&pWFEX->SubFormat, &MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM)) {
            if (pWFEX->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample == 32) {
                return ma_format_s32;
            }
            if (pWFEX->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample == 24) {
                if (pWFEX->Format.wBitsPerSample == 32) {
                    /*return ma_format_s24_32;*/
                }
                if (pWFEX->Format.wBitsPerSample == 24) {
                    return ma_format_s24;
                }
            }
            if (pWFEX->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample == 16) {
                return ma_format_s16;
            }
            if (pWFEX->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample == 8) {
                return ma_format_u8;
            }
        }
        if (ma_is_guid_equal(&pWFEX->SubFormat, &MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT)) {
            if (pWFEX->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample == 32) {
                return ma_format_f32;
            }
            /*
            if (pWFEX->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample == 64) {
                return ma_format_f64;
            }
            */
        }
    } else {
        if (pWF->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
            if (pWF->wBitsPerSample == 32) {
                return ma_format_s32;
            }
            if (pWF->wBitsPerSample == 24) {
                return ma_format_s24;
            }
            if (pWF->wBitsPerSample == 16) {
                return ma_format_s16;
            }
            if (pWF->wBitsPerSample == 8) {
                return ma_format_u8;
            }
        }
        if (pWF->wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
            if (pWF->wBitsPerSample == 32) {
                return ma_format_f32;
            }
            if (pWF->wBitsPerSample == 64) {
                /*return ma_format_f64;*/
            }
        }
    }

    return ma_format_unknown;
}
#endif


/*******************************************************************************

WASAPI Backend

*******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_WASAPI
#if 0
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    #pragma warning(push)
    #pragma warning(disable:4091)   /* 'typedef ': ignored on left of '' when no variable is declared */
#endif
#include <audioclient.h>
#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    #pragma warning(pop)
#endif
#endif  /* 0 */

/* Some compilers don't define VerifyVersionInfoW. Need to write this ourselves. */
#define MA_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA    0x0600
#define MA_VER_MINORVERSION     0x01
#define MA_VER_MAJORVERSION     0x02
#define MA_VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR 0x20
#define MA_VER_GREATER_EQUAL    0x03

typedef struct  {
    DWORD dwOSVersionInfoSize;
    DWORD dwMajorVersion;
    DWORD dwMinorVersion;
    DWORD dwBuildNumber;
    DWORD dwPlatformId;
    WCHAR szCSDVersion[128];
    WORD  wServicePackMajor;
    WORD  wServicePackMinor;
    WORD  wSuiteMask;
    BYTE  wProductType;
    BYTE  wReserved;
} ma_OSVERSIONINFOEXW;

typedef BOOL      (WINAPI * ma_PFNVerifyVersionInfoW) (ma_OSVERSIONINFOEXW* lpVersionInfo, DWORD dwTypeMask, DWORDLONG dwlConditionMask);
typedef ULONGLONG (WINAPI * ma_PFNVerSetConditionMask)(ULONGLONG dwlConditionMask, DWORD dwTypeBitMask, BYTE dwConditionMask);


#ifndef PROPERTYKEY_DEFINED
#define PROPERTYKEY_DEFINED
typedef struct
{
    GUID fmtid;
    DWORD pid;
} PROPERTYKEY;
#endif

/* Some compilers don't define PropVariantInit(). We just do this ourselves since it's just a memset(). */
static MA_INLINE void ma_PropVariantInit(PROPVARIANT* pProp)
{
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pProp);
}


static const PROPERTYKEY MA_PKEY_Device_FriendlyName             = {{0xA45C254E, 0xDF1C, 0x4EFD, {0x80, 0x20, 0x67, 0xD1, 0x46, 0xA8, 0x50, 0xE0}}, 14};
static const PROPERTYKEY MA_PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat        = {{0xF19F064D, 0x82C,  0x4E27, {0xBC, 0x73, 0x68, 0x82, 0xA1, 0xBB, 0x8E, 0x4C}},  0};

static const IID MA_IID_IUnknown                                 = {0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, {0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46}}; /* 00000000-0000-0000-C000-000000000046 */
static const IID MA_IID_IAgileObject                             = {0x94EA2B94, 0xE9CC, 0x49E0, {0xC0, 0xFF, 0xEE, 0x64, 0xCA, 0x8F, 0x5B, 0x90}}; /* 94EA2B94-E9CC-49E0-C0FF-EE64CA8F5B90 */

static const IID MA_IID_IAudioClient                             = {0x1CB9AD4C, 0xDBFA, 0x4C32, {0xB1, 0x78, 0xC2, 0xF5, 0x68, 0xA7, 0x03, 0xB2}}; /* 1CB9AD4C-DBFA-4C32-B178-C2F568A703B2 = __uuidof(IAudioClient) */
static const IID MA_IID_IAudioClient2                            = {0x726778CD, 0xF60A, 0x4EDA, {0x82, 0xDE, 0xE4, 0x76, 0x10, 0xCD, 0x78, 0xAA}}; /* 726778CD-F60A-4EDA-82DE-E47610CD78AA = __uuidof(IAudioClient2) */
static const IID MA_IID_IAudioClient3                            = {0x7ED4EE07, 0x8E67, 0x4CD4, {0x8C, 0x1A, 0x2B, 0x7A, 0x59, 0x87, 0xAD, 0x42}}; /* 7ED4EE07-8E67-4CD4-8C1A-2B7A5987AD42 = __uuidof(IAudioClient3) */
static const IID MA_IID_IAudioRenderClient                       = {0xF294ACFC, 0x3146, 0x4483, {0xA7, 0xBF, 0xAD, 0xDC, 0xA7, 0xC2, 0x60, 0xE2}}; /* F294ACFC-3146-4483-A7BF-ADDCA7C260E2 = __uuidof(IAudioRenderClient) */
static const IID MA_IID_IAudioCaptureClient                      = {0xC8ADBD64, 0xE71E, 0x48A0, {0xA4, 0xDE, 0x18, 0x5C, 0x39, 0x5C, 0xD3, 0x17}}; /* C8ADBD64-E71E-48A0-A4DE-185C395CD317 = __uuidof(IAudioCaptureClient) */
static const IID MA_IID_IMMNotificationClient                    = {0x7991EEC9, 0x7E89, 0x4D85, {0x83, 0x90, 0x6C, 0x70, 0x3C, 0xEC, 0x60, 0xC0}}; /* 7991EEC9-7E89-4D85-8390-6C703CEC60C0 = __uuidof(IMMNotificationClient) */
#ifndef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
static const IID MA_IID_DEVINTERFACE_AUDIO_RENDER                = {0xE6327CAD, 0xDCEC, 0x4949, {0xAE, 0x8A, 0x99, 0x1E, 0x97, 0x6A, 0x79, 0xD2}}; /* E6327CAD-DCEC-4949-AE8A-991E976A79D2 */
static const IID MA_IID_DEVINTERFACE_AUDIO_CAPTURE               = {0x2EEF81BE, 0x33FA, 0x4800, {0x96, 0x70, 0x1C, 0xD4, 0x74, 0x97, 0x2C, 0x3F}}; /* 2EEF81BE-33FA-4800-9670-1CD474972C3F */
static const IID MA_IID_IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler = {0x41D949AB, 0x9862, 0x444A, {0x80, 0xF6, 0xC2, 0x61, 0x33, 0x4D, 0xA5, 0xEB}}; /* 41D949AB-9862-444A-80F6-C261334DA5EB */
#endif

static const IID MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator_Instance            = {0xBCDE0395, 0xE52F, 0x467C, {0x8E, 0x3D, 0xC4, 0x57, 0x92, 0x91, 0x69, 0x2E}}; /* BCDE0395-E52F-467C-8E3D-C4579291692E = __uuidof(MMDeviceEnumerator) */
static const IID MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Instance             = {0xA95664D2, 0x9614, 0x4F35, {0xA7, 0x46, 0xDE, 0x8D, 0xB6, 0x36, 0x17, 0xE6}}; /* A95664D2-9614-4F35-A746-DE8DB63617E6 = __uuidof(IMMDeviceEnumerator) */
#ifdef __cplusplus
#define MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator_Instance
#define MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator  MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Instance
#else
#define MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator &MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator_Instance
#define MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator  &MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Instance
#endif

typedef struct ma_IUnknown                                 ma_IUnknown;
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
#define MA_MM_DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE                          1
#define MA_MM_DEVICE_STATE_DISABLED                        2
#define MA_MM_DEVICE_STATE_NOTPRESENT                      4
#define MA_MM_DEVICE_STATE_UNPLUGGED                       8

typedef struct ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator                      ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator;
typedef struct ma_IMMDeviceCollection                      ma_IMMDeviceCollection;
typedef struct ma_IMMDevice                                ma_IMMDevice;
#else
typedef struct ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler;
typedef struct ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation    ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation;
#endif
typedef struct ma_IPropertyStore                           ma_IPropertyStore;
typedef struct ma_IAudioClient                             ma_IAudioClient;
typedef struct ma_IAudioClient2                            ma_IAudioClient2;
typedef struct ma_IAudioClient3                            ma_IAudioClient3;
typedef struct ma_IAudioRenderClient                       ma_IAudioRenderClient;
typedef struct ma_IAudioCaptureClient                      ma_IAudioCaptureClient;

typedef ma_int64                                           MA_REFERENCE_TIME;

#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_CROSSPROCESS                0x00010000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_LOOPBACK                    0x00020000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK               0x00040000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_NOPERSIST                   0x00080000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_RATEADJUST                  0x00100000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY         0x08000000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM              0x80000000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_SESSIONFLAGS_EXPIREWHENUNOWNED          0x10000000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_SESSIONFLAGS_DISPLAY_HIDE               0x20000000
#define MA_AUDCLNT_SESSIONFLAGS_DISPLAY_HIDEWHENEXPIRED    0x40000000

/* Buffer flags. */
#define MA_AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY          1
#define MA_AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_SILENT                      2
#define MA_AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_TIMESTAMP_ERROR             4

typedef enum
{
    ma_eRender  = 0,
    ma_eCapture = 1,
    ma_eAll     = 2
} ma_EDataFlow;

typedef enum
{
    ma_eConsole        = 0,
    ma_eMultimedia     = 1,
    ma_eCommunications = 2
} ma_ERole;

typedef enum
{
    MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED,
    MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE
} MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE;

typedef enum
{
    MA_AudioCategory_Other = 0  /* <-- miniaudio is only caring about Other. */
} MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY;

typedef struct
{
    UINT32 cbSize;
    BOOL bIsOffload;
    MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY eCategory;
} ma_AudioClientProperties;

/* IUnknown */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IUnknown* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IUnknown* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IUnknown* pThis);
} ma_IUnknownVtbl;
struct ma_IUnknown
{
    ma_IUnknownVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IUnknown_QueryInterface(ma_IUnknown* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IUnknown_AddRef(ma_IUnknown* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IUnknown_Release(ma_IUnknown* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }

#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    /* IMMNotificationClient */
    typedef struct
    {
        /* IUnknown */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis);

        /* IMMNotificationClient */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * OnDeviceStateChanged)  (ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID, DWORD dwNewState);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * OnDeviceAdded)         (ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * OnDeviceRemoved)       (ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * OnDefaultDeviceChanged)(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, ma_EDataFlow dataFlow, ma_ERole role, LPCWSTR pDefaultDeviceID);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * OnPropertyValueChanged)(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID, const PROPERTYKEY key);
    } ma_IMMNotificationClientVtbl;

    /* IMMDeviceEnumerator */
    typedef struct
    {
        /* IUnknown */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis);

        /* IMMDeviceEnumerator */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * EnumAudioEndpoints)                    (ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_EDataFlow dataFlow, DWORD dwStateMask, ma_IMMDeviceCollection** ppDevices);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetDefaultAudioEndpoint)               (ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_EDataFlow dataFlow, ma_ERole role, ma_IMMDevice** ppEndpoint);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetDevice)                             (ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, LPCWSTR pID, ma_IMMDevice** ppDevice);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback)  (ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_IMMNotificationClient* pClient);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback)(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_IMMNotificationClient* pClient);
    } ma_IMMDeviceEnumeratorVtbl;
    struct ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator
    {
        ma_IMMDeviceEnumeratorVtbl* lpVtbl;
    };
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_QueryInterface(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_AddRef(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_EnumAudioEndpoints(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_EDataFlow dataFlow, DWORD dwStateMask, ma_IMMDeviceCollection** ppDevices) { return pThis->lpVtbl->EnumAudioEndpoints(pThis, dataFlow, dwStateMask, ppDevices); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_EDataFlow dataFlow, ma_ERole role, ma_IMMDevice** ppEndpoint) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(pThis, dataFlow, role, ppEndpoint); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_GetDevice(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, LPCWSTR pID, ma_IMMDevice** ppDevice)        { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetDevice(pThis, pID, ppDevice); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_IMMNotificationClient* pClient) { return pThis->lpVtbl->RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback(pThis, pClient); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback(ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pThis, ma_IMMNotificationClient* pClient) { return pThis->lpVtbl->UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback(pThis, pClient); }


    /* IMMDeviceCollection */
    typedef struct
    {
        /* IUnknown */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis);

        /* IMMDeviceCollection */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCount)(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis, UINT* pDevices);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Item)    (ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis, UINT nDevice, ma_IMMDevice** ppDevice);
    } ma_IMMDeviceCollectionVtbl;
    struct ma_IMMDeviceCollection
    {
        ma_IMMDeviceCollectionVtbl* lpVtbl;
    };
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceCollection_QueryInterface(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IMMDeviceCollection_AddRef(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IMMDeviceCollection_Release(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceCollection_GetCount(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis, UINT* pDevices)                               { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCount(pThis, pDevices); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDeviceCollection_Item(ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pThis, UINT nDevice, ma_IMMDevice** ppDevice)            { return pThis->lpVtbl->Item(pThis, nDevice, ppDevice); }


    /* IMMDevice */
    typedef struct
    {
        /* IUnknown */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IMMDevice* pThis);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IMMDevice* pThis);

        /* IMMDevice */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Activate)         (ma_IMMDevice* pThis, const IID* const iid, DWORD dwClsCtx, PROPVARIANT* pActivationParams, void** ppInterface);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * OpenPropertyStore)(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, DWORD stgmAccess, ma_IPropertyStore** ppProperties);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetId)            (ma_IMMDevice* pThis, LPWSTR *pID);
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetState)         (ma_IMMDevice* pThis, DWORD *pState);
    } ma_IMMDeviceVtbl;
    struct ma_IMMDevice
    {
        ma_IMMDeviceVtbl* lpVtbl;
    };
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDevice_QueryInterface(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IMMDevice_AddRef(ma_IMMDevice* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IMMDevice_Release(ma_IMMDevice* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDevice_Activate(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, const IID* const iid, DWORD dwClsCtx, PROPVARIANT* pActivationParams, void** ppInterface) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Activate(pThis, iid, dwClsCtx, pActivationParams, ppInterface); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDevice_OpenPropertyStore(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, DWORD stgmAccess, ma_IPropertyStore** ppProperties) { return pThis->lpVtbl->OpenPropertyStore(pThis, stgmAccess, ppProperties); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDevice_GetId(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, LPWSTR *pID)                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetId(pThis, pID); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IMMDevice_GetState(ma_IMMDevice* pThis, DWORD *pState)                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetState(pThis, pState); }
#else
    /* IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation */
    typedef struct
    {
        /* IUnknown */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis);
        ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis);

        /* IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation */
        HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetActivateResult)(ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis, HRESULT *pActivateResult, ma_IUnknown** ppActivatedInterface);
    } ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperationVtbl;
    struct ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation
    {
        ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperationVtbl* lpVtbl;
    };
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation_QueryInterface(ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation_AddRef(ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation_Release(ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
    static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation_GetActivateResult(ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pThis, HRESULT *pActivateResult, ma_IUnknown** ppActivatedInterface) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetActivateResult(pThis, pActivateResult, ppActivatedInterface); }
#endif

/* IPropertyStore */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IPropertyStore* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IPropertyStore* pThis);

    /* IPropertyStore */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCount)(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, DWORD* pPropCount);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetAt)   (ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, DWORD propIndex, PROPERTYKEY* pPropKey);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetValue)(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, const PROPERTYKEY* const pKey, PROPVARIANT* pPropVar);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetValue)(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, const PROPERTYKEY* const pKey, const PROPVARIANT* const pPropVar);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Commit)  (ma_IPropertyStore* pThis);
} ma_IPropertyStoreVtbl;
struct ma_IPropertyStore
{
    ma_IPropertyStoreVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IPropertyStore_QueryInterface(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IPropertyStore_AddRef(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IPropertyStore_Release(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IPropertyStore_GetCount(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, DWORD* pPropCount)                            { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCount(pThis, pPropCount); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IPropertyStore_GetAt(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, DWORD propIndex, PROPERTYKEY* pPropKey)          { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetAt(pThis, propIndex, pPropKey); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IPropertyStore_GetValue(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, const PROPERTYKEY* const pKey, PROPVARIANT* pPropVar) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetValue(pThis, pKey, pPropVar); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IPropertyStore_SetValue(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis, const PROPERTYKEY* const pKey, const PROPVARIANT* const pPropVar) { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetValue(pThis, pKey, pPropVar); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IPropertyStore_Commit(ma_IPropertyStore* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->Commit(pThis); }


/* IAudioClient */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IAudioClient* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IAudioClient* pThis);

    /* IAudioClient */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)       (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, DWORD streamFlags, MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBufferSize)    (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumBufferFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetStreamLatency) (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pLatency);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCurrentPadding)(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumPaddingFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * IsFormatSupported)(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX** ppClosestMatch);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetMixFormat)     (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppDeviceFormat);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetDevicePeriod)  (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pDefaultDevicePeriod, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinimumDevicePeriod);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Start)            (ma_IAudioClient* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Stop)             (ma_IAudioClient* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Reset)            (ma_IAudioClient* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetEventHandle)   (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, HANDLE eventHandle);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetService)       (ma_IAudioClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** pp);
} ma_IAudioClientVtbl;
struct ma_IAudioClient
{
    ma_IAudioClientVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_QueryInterface(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject)    { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioClient_AddRef(ma_IAudioClient* pThis)                                                    { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioClient_Release(ma_IAudioClient* pThis)                                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_Initialize(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, DWORD streamFlags, MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, shareMode, streamFlags, bufferDuration, periodicity, pFormat, pAudioSessionGuid); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumBufferFrames)                { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBufferSize(pThis, pNumBufferFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_GetStreamLatency(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pLatency)             { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetStreamLatency(pThis, pLatency); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_GetCurrentPadding(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumPaddingFrames)           { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPadding(pThis, pNumPaddingFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_IsFormatSupported(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX** ppClosestMatch) { return pThis->lpVtbl->IsFormatSupported(pThis, shareMode, pFormat, ppClosestMatch); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_GetMixFormat(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppDeviceFormat)               { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetMixFormat(pThis, ppDeviceFormat); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_GetDevicePeriod(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pDefaultDevicePeriod, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinimumDevicePeriod) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetDevicePeriod(pThis, pDefaultDevicePeriod, pMinimumDevicePeriod); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_Start(ma_IAudioClient* pThis)                                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->Start(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_Stop(ma_IAudioClient* pThis)                                                      { return pThis->lpVtbl->Stop(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_Reset(ma_IAudioClient* pThis)                                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->Reset(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_SetEventHandle(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, HANDLE eventHandle)                        { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetEventHandle(pThis, eventHandle); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient_GetService(ma_IAudioClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** pp)              { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetService(pThis, riid, pp); }

/* IAudioClient2 */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis);

    /* IAudioClient */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)       (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, DWORD streamFlags, MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBufferSize)    (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumBufferFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetStreamLatency) (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pLatency);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCurrentPadding)(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumPaddingFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * IsFormatSupported)(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX** ppClosestMatch);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetMixFormat)     (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppDeviceFormat);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetDevicePeriod)  (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pDefaultDevicePeriod, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinimumDevicePeriod);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Start)            (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Stop)             (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Reset)            (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetEventHandle)   (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, HANDLE eventHandle);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetService)       (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** pp);

    /* IAudioClient2 */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * IsOffloadCapable)   (ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY category, BOOL* pOffloadCapable);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetClientProperties)(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const ma_AudioClientProperties* pProperties);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBufferSizeLimits)(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, BOOL eventDriven, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinBufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMaxBufferDuration);
} ma_IAudioClient2Vtbl;
struct ma_IAudioClient2
{
    ma_IAudioClient2Vtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_QueryInterface(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject)    { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioClient2_AddRef(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis)                                                    { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioClient2_Release(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis)                                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_Initialize(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, DWORD streamFlags, MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, shareMode, streamFlags, bufferDuration, periodicity, pFormat, pAudioSessionGuid); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetBufferSize(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumBufferFrames)                { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBufferSize(pThis, pNumBufferFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetStreamLatency(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pLatency)             { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetStreamLatency(pThis, pLatency); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetCurrentPadding(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumPaddingFrames)           { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPadding(pThis, pNumPaddingFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_IsFormatSupported(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX** ppClosestMatch) { return pThis->lpVtbl->IsFormatSupported(pThis, shareMode, pFormat, ppClosestMatch); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetMixFormat(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppDeviceFormat)               { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetMixFormat(pThis, ppDeviceFormat); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetDevicePeriod(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pDefaultDevicePeriod, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinimumDevicePeriod) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetDevicePeriod(pThis, pDefaultDevicePeriod, pMinimumDevicePeriod); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_Start(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis)                                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->Start(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_Stop(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis)                                                      { return pThis->lpVtbl->Stop(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_Reset(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis)                                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->Reset(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_SetEventHandle(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, HANDLE eventHandle)                        { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetEventHandle(pThis, eventHandle); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetService(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** pp)              { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetService(pThis, riid, pp); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_IsOffloadCapable(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY category, BOOL* pOffloadCapable) { return pThis->lpVtbl->IsOffloadCapable(pThis, category, pOffloadCapable); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_SetClientProperties(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const ma_AudioClientProperties* pProperties)           { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetClientProperties(pThis, pProperties); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient2_GetBufferSizeLimits(ma_IAudioClient2* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, BOOL eventDriven, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinBufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMaxBufferDuration) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBufferSizeLimits(pThis, pFormat, eventDriven, pMinBufferDuration, pMaxBufferDuration); }


/* IAudioClient3 */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis);

    /* IAudioClient */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)       (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, DWORD streamFlags, MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBufferSize)    (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumBufferFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetStreamLatency) (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pLatency);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCurrentPadding)(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumPaddingFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * IsFormatSupported)(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX** ppClosestMatch);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetMixFormat)     (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppDeviceFormat);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetDevicePeriod)  (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pDefaultDevicePeriod, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinimumDevicePeriod);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Start)            (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Stop)             (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Reset)            (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetEventHandle)   (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, HANDLE eventHandle);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetService)       (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** pp);

    /* IAudioClient2 */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * IsOffloadCapable)   (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY category, BOOL* pOffloadCapable);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetClientProperties)(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const ma_AudioClientProperties* pProperties);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBufferSizeLimits)(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, BOOL eventDriven, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinBufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMaxBufferDuration);

    /* IAudioClient3 */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetSharedModeEnginePeriod)       (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, UINT32* pDefaultPeriodInFrames, UINT32* pFundamentalPeriodInFrames, UINT32* pMinPeriodInFrames, UINT32* pMaxPeriodInFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCurrentSharedModeEnginePeriod)(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppFormat, UINT32* pCurrentPeriodInFrames);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * InitializeSharedAudioStream)     (ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, DWORD streamFlags, UINT32 periodInFrames, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid);
} ma_IAudioClient3Vtbl;
struct ma_IAudioClient3
{
    ma_IAudioClient3Vtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_QueryInterface(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject)    { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioClient3_AddRef(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis)                                                    { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioClient3_Release(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis)                                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_Initialize(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, DWORD streamFlags, MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodicity, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGuid) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, shareMode, streamFlags, bufferDuration, periodicity, pFormat, pAudioSessionGuid); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetBufferSize(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumBufferFrames)                { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBufferSize(pThis, pNumBufferFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetStreamLatency(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pLatency)             { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetStreamLatency(pThis, pLatency); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetCurrentPadding(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumPaddingFrames)           { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPadding(pThis, pNumPaddingFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_IsFormatSupported(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, WAVEFORMATEX** ppClosestMatch) { return pThis->lpVtbl->IsFormatSupported(pThis, shareMode, pFormat, ppClosestMatch); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetMixFormat(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppDeviceFormat)               { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetMixFormat(pThis, ppDeviceFormat); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetDevicePeriod(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pDefaultDevicePeriod, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinimumDevicePeriod) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetDevicePeriod(pThis, pDefaultDevicePeriod, pMinimumDevicePeriod); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_Start(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis)                                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->Start(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_Stop(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis)                                                      { return pThis->lpVtbl->Stop(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_Reset(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis)                                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->Reset(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_SetEventHandle(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, HANDLE eventHandle)                        { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetEventHandle(pThis, eventHandle); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetService(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** pp)              { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetService(pThis, riid, pp); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_IsOffloadCapable(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, MA_AUDIO_STREAM_CATEGORY category, BOOL* pOffloadCapable) { return pThis->lpVtbl->IsOffloadCapable(pThis, category, pOffloadCapable); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_SetClientProperties(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const ma_AudioClientProperties* pProperties)           { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetClientProperties(pThis, pProperties); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetBufferSizeLimits(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, BOOL eventDriven, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMinBufferDuration, MA_REFERENCE_TIME* pMaxBufferDuration) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBufferSizeLimits(pThis, pFormat, eventDriven, pMinBufferDuration, pMaxBufferDuration); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetSharedModeEnginePeriod(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, UINT32* pDefaultPeriodInFrames, UINT32* pFundamentalPeriodInFrames, UINT32* pMinPeriodInFrames, UINT32* pMaxPeriodInFrames) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetSharedModeEnginePeriod(pThis, pFormat, pDefaultPeriodInFrames, pFundamentalPeriodInFrames, pMinPeriodInFrames, pMaxPeriodInFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_GetCurrentSharedModeEnginePeriod(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX** ppFormat, UINT32* pCurrentPeriodInFrames) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCurrentSharedModeEnginePeriod(pThis, ppFormat, pCurrentPeriodInFrames); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioClient3_InitializeSharedAudioStream(ma_IAudioClient3* pThis, DWORD streamFlags, UINT32 periodInFrames, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, const GUID* pAudioSessionGUID) { return pThis->lpVtbl->InitializeSharedAudioStream(pThis, streamFlags, periodInFrames, pFormat, pAudioSessionGUID); }


/* IAudioRenderClient */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis);

    /* IAudioRenderClient */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBuffer)    (ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis, ma_uint32 numFramesRequested, BYTE** ppData);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * ReleaseBuffer)(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis, ma_uint32 numFramesWritten, DWORD dwFlags);
} ma_IAudioRenderClientVtbl;
struct ma_IAudioRenderClient
{
    ma_IAudioRenderClientVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioRenderClient_QueryInterface(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject)   { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioRenderClient_AddRef(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis)                                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioRenderClient_Release(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis)                                                  { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioRenderClient_GetBuffer(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis, ma_uint32 numFramesRequested, BYTE** ppData)   { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBuffer(pThis, numFramesRequested, ppData); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioRenderClient_ReleaseBuffer(ma_IAudioRenderClient* pThis, ma_uint32 numFramesWritten, DWORD dwFlags) { return pThis->lpVtbl->ReleaseBuffer(pThis, numFramesWritten, dwFlags); }


/* IAudioCaptureClient */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis);

    /* IAudioRenderClient */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetBuffer)        (ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, BYTE** ppData, ma_uint32* pNumFramesToRead, DWORD* pFlags, ma_uint64* pDevicePosition, ma_uint64* pQPCPosition);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * ReleaseBuffer)    (ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, ma_uint32 numFramesRead);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetNextPacketSize)(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumFramesInNextPacket);
} ma_IAudioCaptureClientVtbl;
struct ma_IAudioCaptureClient
{
    ma_IAudioCaptureClientVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioCaptureClient_QueryInterface(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioCaptureClient_AddRef(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, BYTE** ppData, ma_uint32* pNumFramesToRead, DWORD* pFlags, ma_uint64* pDevicePosition, ma_uint64* pQPCPosition) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetBuffer(pThis, ppData, pNumFramesToRead, pFlags, pDevicePosition, pQPCPosition); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioCaptureClient_ReleaseBuffer(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, ma_uint32 numFramesRead)                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->ReleaseBuffer(pThis, numFramesRead); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IAudioCaptureClient_GetNextPacketSize(ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pThis, ma_uint32* pNumFramesInNextPacket)   { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetNextPacketSize(pThis, pNumFramesInNextPacket); }

#ifndef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
#include <mmdeviceapi.h>
typedef struct ma_completion_handler_uwp ma_completion_handler_uwp;

typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis);

    /* IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * ActivateCompleted)(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis, ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pActivateOperation);
} ma_completion_handler_uwp_vtbl;
struct ma_completion_handler_uwp
{
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_vtbl* lpVtbl;
    ma_uint32 counter;
    HANDLE hEvent;
};

static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_completion_handler_uwp_QueryInterface(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject)
{
    /*
    We need to "implement" IAgileObject which is just an indicator that's used internally by WASAPI for some multithreading management. To
    "implement" this, we just make sure we return pThis when the IAgileObject is requested.
    */
    if (!ma_is_guid_equal(riid, &MA_IID_IUnknown) && !ma_is_guid_equal(riid, &MA_IID_IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler) && !ma_is_guid_equal(riid, &MA_IID_IAgileObject)) {
        *ppObject = NULL;
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    }

    /* Getting here means the IID is IUnknown or IMMNotificationClient. */
    *ppObject = (void*)pThis;
    ((ma_completion_handler_uwp_vtbl*)pThis->lpVtbl)->AddRef(pThis);
    return S_OK;
}

static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_completion_handler_uwp_AddRef(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis)
{
    return (ULONG)c89atomic_fetch_add_32(&pThis->counter, 1) + 1;
}

static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_completion_handler_uwp_Release(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis)
{
    ma_uint32 newRefCount = c89atomic_fetch_sub_32(&pThis->counter, 1) - 1;
    if (newRefCount == 0) {
        return 0;   /* We don't free anything here because we never allocate the object on the heap. */
    }

    return (ULONG)newRefCount;
}

static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_completion_handler_uwp_ActivateCompleted(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pThis, ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation* pActivateOperation)
{
    (void)pActivateOperation;
    SetEvent(pThis->hEvent);
    return S_OK;
}


static ma_completion_handler_uwp_vtbl g_maCompletionHandlerVtblInstance = {
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_QueryInterface,
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_AddRef,
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_Release,
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_ActivateCompleted
};

static ma_result ma_completion_handler_uwp_init(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pHandler)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pHandler != NULL);
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pHandler);

    pHandler->lpVtbl = &g_maCompletionHandlerVtblInstance;
    pHandler->counter = 1;
    pHandler->hEvent = CreateEventW(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
    if (pHandler->hEvent == NULL) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_completion_handler_uwp_uninit(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pHandler)
{
    if (pHandler->hEvent != NULL) {
        CloseHandle(pHandler->hEvent);
    }
}

static void ma_completion_handler_uwp_wait(ma_completion_handler_uwp* pHandler)
{
    WaitForSingleObject(pHandler->hEvent, INFINITE);
}
#endif  /* !MA_WIN32_DESKTOP */

/* We need a virtual table for our notification client object that's used for detecting changes to the default device. */
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_QueryInterface(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject)
{
    /*
    We care about two interfaces - IUnknown and IMMNotificationClient. If the requested IID is something else
    we just return E_NOINTERFACE. Otherwise we need to increment the reference counter and return S_OK.
    */
    if (!ma_is_guid_equal(riid, &MA_IID_IUnknown) && !ma_is_guid_equal(riid, &MA_IID_IMMNotificationClient)) {
        *ppObject = NULL;
        return E_NOINTERFACE;
    }

    /* Getting here means the IID is IUnknown or IMMNotificationClient. */
    *ppObject = (void*)pThis;
    ((ma_IMMNotificationClientVtbl*)pThis->lpVtbl)->AddRef(pThis);
    return S_OK;
}

static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_AddRef(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis)
{
    return (ULONG)c89atomic_fetch_add_32(&pThis->counter, 1) + 1;
}

static ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_Release(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis)
{
    ma_uint32 newRefCount = c89atomic_fetch_sub_32(&pThis->counter, 1) - 1;
    if (newRefCount == 0) {
        return 0;   /* We don't free anything here because we never allocate the object on the heap. */
    }

    return (ULONG)newRefCount;
}


static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceStateChanged(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID, DWORD dwNewState)
{
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
    /*printf("IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceStateChanged(pDeviceID=%S, dwNewState=%u)\n", (pDeviceID != NULL) ? pDeviceID : L"(NULL)", (unsigned int)dwNewState);*/
#endif

    (void)pThis;
    (void)pDeviceID;
    (void)dwNewState;
    return S_OK;
}

static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceAdded(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID)
{
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
    /*printf("IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceAdded(pDeviceID=%S)\n", (pDeviceID != NULL) ? pDeviceID : L"(NULL)");*/
#endif

    /* We don't need to worry about this event for our purposes. */
    (void)pThis;
    (void)pDeviceID;
    return S_OK;
}

static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceRemoved(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID)
{
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
    /*printf("IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceRemoved(pDeviceID=%S)\n", (pDeviceID != NULL) ? pDeviceID : L"(NULL)");*/
#endif

    /* We don't need to worry about this event for our purposes. */
    (void)pThis;
    (void)pDeviceID;
    return S_OK;
}

static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDefaultDeviceChanged(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, ma_EDataFlow dataFlow, ma_ERole role, LPCWSTR pDefaultDeviceID)
{
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
    /*printf("IMMNotificationClient_OnDefaultDeviceChanged(dataFlow=%d, role=%d, pDefaultDeviceID=%S)\n", dataFlow, role, (pDefaultDeviceID != NULL) ? pDefaultDeviceID : L"(NULL)");*/
#endif

    /* We only ever use the eConsole role in miniaudio. */
    if (role != ma_eConsole) {
        return S_OK;
    }

    /* We only care about devices with the same data flow and role as the current device. */
    if ((pThis->pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback && dataFlow != ma_eRender) ||
        (pThis->pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture  && dataFlow != ma_eCapture)) {
        return S_OK;
    }

    /* Don't do automatic stream routing if we're not allowed. */
    if ((dataFlow == ma_eRender  && pThis->pDevice->wasapi.allowPlaybackAutoStreamRouting == MA_FALSE) ||
        (dataFlow == ma_eCapture && pThis->pDevice->wasapi.allowCaptureAutoStreamRouting  == MA_FALSE)) {
        return S_OK;
    }

    /*
    Not currently supporting automatic stream routing in exclusive mode. This is not working correctly on my machine due to
    AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_IN_USE errors when reinitializing the device. If this is a bug in miniaudio, we can try re-enabling this once
    it's fixed.
    */
    if ((dataFlow == ma_eRender  && pThis->pDevice->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        (dataFlow == ma_eCapture && pThis->pDevice->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return S_OK;
    }

    /*
    We don't change the device here - we change it in the worker thread to keep synchronization simple. To do this I'm just setting a flag to
    indicate that the default device has changed. Loopback devices are treated as capture devices so we need to do a bit of a dance to handle
    that properly.
    */
    if (dataFlow == ma_eRender  && pThis->pDevice->type != ma_device_type_loopback) {
        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pThis->pDevice->wasapi.hasDefaultPlaybackDeviceChanged, MA_TRUE);
    }
    if (dataFlow == ma_eCapture || pThis->pDevice->type == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pThis->pDevice->wasapi.hasDefaultCaptureDeviceChanged,  MA_TRUE);
    }

    (void)pDefaultDeviceID;
    return S_OK;
}

static HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnPropertyValueChanged(ma_IMMNotificationClient* pThis, LPCWSTR pDeviceID, const PROPERTYKEY key)
{
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
    /*printf("IMMNotificationClient_OnPropertyValueChanged(pDeviceID=%S)\n", (pDeviceID != NULL) ? pDeviceID : L"(NULL)");*/
#endif

    (void)pThis;
    (void)pDeviceID;
    (void)key;
    return S_OK;
}

static ma_IMMNotificationClientVtbl g_maNotificationCientVtbl = {
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_QueryInterface,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_AddRef,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_Release,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceStateChanged,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceAdded,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDeviceRemoved,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnDefaultDeviceChanged,
    ma_IMMNotificationClient_OnPropertyValueChanged
};
#endif  /* MA_WIN32_DESKTOP */

#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
typedef ma_IMMDevice ma_WASAPIDeviceInterface;
#else
typedef ma_IUnknown ma_WASAPIDeviceInterface;
#endif



static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return memcmp(pID0->wasapi, pID1->wasapi, sizeof(pID0->wasapi)) == 0;
}

static void ma_set_device_info_from_WAVEFORMATEX(const WAVEFORMATEX* pWF, ma_device_info* pInfo)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pWF != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pInfo != NULL);

    pInfo->formatCount   = 1;
    pInfo->formats[0]    = ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX(pWF);
    pInfo->minChannels   = pWF->nChannels;
    pInfo->maxChannels   = pWF->nChannels;
    pInfo->minSampleRate = pWF->nSamplesPerSec;
    pInfo->maxSampleRate = pWF->nSamplesPerSec;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info_from_IAudioClient__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, /*ma_IMMDevice**/void* pMMDevice, ma_IAudioClient* pAudioClient, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pInfo)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pAudioClient != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pInfo != NULL);

    /* We use a different technique to retrieve the device information depending on whether or not we are using shared or exclusive mode. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_shared) {
        /* Shared Mode. We use GetMixFormat() here. */
        WAVEFORMATEX* pWF = NULL;
        HRESULT hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetMixFormat((ma_IAudioClient*)pAudioClient, (WAVEFORMATEX**)&pWF);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            ma_set_device_info_from_WAVEFORMATEX(pWF, pInfo);
            return MA_SUCCESS;
        } else {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve mix format for device info retrieval.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }
    } else {
        /* Exlcusive Mode. We repeatedly call IsFormatSupported() here. This is not currently support on UWP. */
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
        /*
        The first thing to do is get the format from PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat. This should give us a channel count we assume is
        correct which will simplify our searching.
        */
        ma_IPropertyStore *pProperties;
        HRESULT hr = ma_IMMDevice_OpenPropertyStore((ma_IMMDevice*)pMMDevice, STGM_READ, &pProperties);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            PROPVARIANT var;
            ma_PropVariantInit(&var);

            hr = ma_IPropertyStore_GetValue(pProperties, &MA_PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat, &var);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                WAVEFORMATEX* pWF = (WAVEFORMATEX*)var.blob.pBlobData;
                ma_set_device_info_from_WAVEFORMATEX(pWF, pInfo);

                /*
                In my testing, the format returned by PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat is suitable for exclusive mode so we check this format
                first. If this fails, fall back to a search.
                */
                hr = ma_IAudioClient_IsFormatSupported((ma_IAudioClient*)pAudioClient, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE, pWF, NULL);
                ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, &var);

                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    /*
                    The format returned by PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat is not supported, so fall back to a search. We assume the channel
                    count returned by MA_PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat is valid and correct. For simplicity we're only returning one format.
                    */
                    ma_uint32 channels = pInfo->minChannels;
                    ma_format formatsToSearch[] = {
                        ma_format_s16,
                        ma_format_s24,
                        /*ma_format_s24_32,*/
                        ma_format_f32,
                        ma_format_s32,
                        ma_format_u8
                    };
                    ma_channel defaultChannelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
                    WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE wf;
                    ma_bool32 found;
                    ma_uint32 iFormat;

                    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft, channels, defaultChannelMap);

                    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&wf);
                    wf.Format.cbSize     = sizeof(wf);
                    wf.Format.wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE;
                    wf.Format.nChannels  = (WORD)channels;
                    wf.dwChannelMask     = ma_channel_map_to_channel_mask__win32(defaultChannelMap, channels);

                    found = MA_FALSE;
                    for (iFormat = 0; iFormat < ma_countof(formatsToSearch); ++iFormat) {
                        ma_format format = formatsToSearch[iFormat];
                        ma_uint32 iSampleRate;

                        wf.Format.wBitsPerSample       = (WORD)(ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format)*8);
                        wf.Format.nBlockAlign          = (WORD)(wf.Format.nChannels * wf.Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
                        wf.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec      = wf.Format.nBlockAlign * wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
                        wf.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = /*(format == ma_format_s24_32) ? 24 :*/ wf.Format.wBitsPerSample;
                        if (format == ma_format_f32) {
                            wf.SubFormat = MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT;
                        } else {
                            wf.SubFormat = MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
                        }

                        for (iSampleRate = 0; iSampleRate < ma_countof(g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities); ++iSampleRate) {
                            wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec = g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[iSampleRate];

                            hr = ma_IAudioClient_IsFormatSupported((ma_IAudioClient*)pAudioClient, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, NULL);
                            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                                ma_set_device_info_from_WAVEFORMATEX((WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, pInfo);
                                found = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        if (found) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    if (!found) {
                        ma_IPropertyStore_Release(pProperties);
                        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to find suitable device format for device info retrieval.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
                    }
                }
            } else {
                ma_IPropertyStore_Release(pProperties);
                return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve device format for device info retrieval.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
            }

            ma_IPropertyStore_Release(pProperties);
        } else {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to open property store for device info retrieval.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        return MA_SUCCESS;
#else
        /* Exclusive mode not fully supported in UWP right now. */
        return MA_ERROR;
#endif
    }
}

#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
static ma_EDataFlow ma_device_type_to_EDataFlow(ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        return ma_eRender;
    } else if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        return ma_eCapture;
    } else {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
        return ma_eRender; /* Should never hit this. */
    }
}

static ma_result ma_context_create_IMMDeviceEnumerator__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator** ppDeviceEnumerator)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext           != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppDeviceEnumerator != NULL);

    hr = ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator, (void**)&pDeviceEnumerator);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create device enumerator.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    *ppDeviceEnumerator = pDeviceEnumerator;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static LPWSTR ma_context_get_default_device_id_from_IMMDeviceEnumerator__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_IMMDevice* pMMDefaultDevice = NULL;
    LPWSTR pDefaultDeviceID = NULL;
    ma_EDataFlow dataFlow;
    ma_ERole role;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext          != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDeviceEnumerator != NULL);

    /* Grab the EDataFlow type from the device type. */
    dataFlow = ma_device_type_to_EDataFlow(deviceType);

    /* The role is always eConsole, but we may make this configurable later. */
    role = ma_eConsole;

    hr = ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(pDeviceEnumerator, dataFlow, role, &pMMDefaultDevice);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    hr = ma_IMMDevice_GetId(pMMDefaultDevice, &pDefaultDeviceID);

    ma_IMMDevice_Release(pMMDefaultDevice);
    pMMDefaultDevice = NULL;

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return pDefaultDeviceID;
}

static LPWSTR ma_context_get_default_device_id__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType)    /* Free the returned pointer with ma_CoTaskMemFree() */
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator;
    LPWSTR pDefaultDeviceID = NULL;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    result = ma_context_create_IMMDeviceEnumerator__wasapi(pContext, &pDeviceEnumerator);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return NULL;
    }

    pDefaultDeviceID = ma_context_get_default_device_id_from_IMMDeviceEnumerator__wasapi(pContext, pDeviceEnumerator, deviceType);
    
    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release(pDeviceEnumerator);
    return pDefaultDeviceID;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_MMDevice__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_IMMDevice** ppMMDevice)
{
    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator;
    HRESULT hr;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppMMDevice != NULL);

    hr = ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator, (void**)&pDeviceEnumerator);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create IMMDeviceEnumerator.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        hr = ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_GetDefaultAudioEndpoint(pDeviceEnumerator, (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? ma_eCapture : ma_eRender, ma_eConsole, ppMMDevice);
    } else {
        hr = ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_GetDevice(pDeviceEnumerator, pDeviceID->wasapi, ppMMDevice);
    }

    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release(pDeviceEnumerator);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve IMMDevice.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info_from_MMDevice__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_IMMDevice* pMMDevice, ma_share_mode shareMode, LPWSTR pDefaultDeviceID, ma_bool32 onlySimpleInfo, ma_device_info* pInfo)
{
    LPWSTR pDeviceID;
    HRESULT hr;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pMMDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pInfo != NULL);

    /* ID. */
    hr = ma_IMMDevice_GetId(pMMDevice, &pDeviceID);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        size_t idlen = wcslen(pDeviceID);
        if (idlen+1 > ma_countof(pInfo->id.wasapi)) {
            ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pDeviceID);
            MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);  /* NOTE: If this is triggered, please report it. It means the format of the ID must haved change and is too long to fit in our fixed sized buffer. */
            return MA_ERROR;
        }

        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pInfo->id.wasapi, pDeviceID, idlen * sizeof(wchar_t));
        pInfo->id.wasapi[idlen] = '\0';

        if (pDefaultDeviceID != NULL) {
            if (wcscmp(pDeviceID, pDefaultDeviceID) == 0) {
                /* It's a default device. */
                pInfo->_private.isDefault = MA_TRUE;
            }
        }

        ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pDeviceID);
    }

    {
        ma_IPropertyStore *pProperties;
        hr = ma_IMMDevice_OpenPropertyStore(pMMDevice, STGM_READ, &pProperties);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            PROPVARIANT var;

            /* Description / Friendly Name */
            ma_PropVariantInit(&var);
            hr = ma_IPropertyStore_GetValue(pProperties, &MA_PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &var);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, var.pwszVal, -1, pInfo->name, sizeof(pInfo->name), 0, FALSE);
                ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, &var);
            }

            ma_IPropertyStore_Release(pProperties);
        }
    }

    /* Format */
    if (!onlySimpleInfo) {
        ma_IAudioClient* pAudioClient;
        hr = ma_IMMDevice_Activate(pMMDevice, &MA_IID_IAudioClient, CLSCTX_ALL, NULL, (void**)&pAudioClient);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            ma_result result = ma_context_get_device_info_from_IAudioClient__wasapi(pContext, pMMDevice, pAudioClient, shareMode, pInfo);
            
            ma_IAudioClient_Release(pAudioClient);
            return result;
        } else {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to activate audio client for device info retrieval.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices_by_type__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    UINT deviceCount;
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_uint32 iDevice;
    LPWSTR pDefaultDeviceID = NULL;
    ma_IMMDeviceCollection* pDeviceCollection = NULL;
    
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    /* Grab the default device. We use this to know whether or not flag the returned device info as being the default. */
    pDefaultDeviceID = ma_context_get_default_device_id_from_IMMDeviceEnumerator__wasapi(pContext, pDeviceEnumerator, deviceType);

    /* We need to enumerate the devices which returns a device collection. */
    hr = ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_EnumAudioEndpoints(pDeviceEnumerator, ma_device_type_to_EDataFlow(deviceType), MA_MM_DEVICE_STATE_ACTIVE, &pDeviceCollection);
    if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
        hr = ma_IMMDeviceCollection_GetCount(pDeviceCollection, &deviceCount);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            result = ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to get device count.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
            goto done;
        }

        for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < deviceCount; ++iDevice) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            ma_IMMDevice* pMMDevice;
        
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);

            hr = ma_IMMDeviceCollection_Item(pDeviceCollection, iDevice, &pMMDevice);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                result = ma_context_get_device_info_from_MMDevice__wasapi(pContext, pMMDevice, ma_share_mode_shared, pDefaultDeviceID, MA_TRUE, &deviceInfo);   /* MA_TRUE = onlySimpleInfo. */

                ma_IMMDevice_Release(pMMDevice);
                if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
                    ma_bool32 cbResult = callback(pContext, deviceType, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                    if (cbResult == MA_FALSE) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

done:
    if (pDefaultDeviceID != NULL) {
        ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pDefaultDeviceID);
        pDefaultDeviceID = NULL;
    }

    if (pDeviceCollection != NULL) {
        ma_IMMDeviceCollection_Release(pDeviceCollection);
        pDeviceCollection = NULL;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_IAudioClient_Desktop__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_IAudioClient** ppAudioClient, ma_IMMDevice** ppMMDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    HRESULT hr;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppAudioClient != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppMMDevice != NULL);

    result = ma_context_get_MMDevice__wasapi(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, ppMMDevice);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    hr = ma_IMMDevice_Activate(*ppMMDevice, &MA_IID_IAudioClient, CLSCTX_ALL, NULL, (void**)ppAudioClient);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#else
static ma_result ma_context_get_IAudioClient_UWP__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_IAudioClient** ppAudioClient, ma_IUnknown** ppActivatedInterface)
{
    ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation *pAsyncOp = NULL;
    ma_completion_handler_uwp completionHandler;
    IID iid;
    LPOLESTR iidStr;
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_result result;
    HRESULT activateResult;
    ma_IUnknown* pActivatedInterface;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppAudioClient != NULL);

    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(&iid, pDeviceID->wasapi, sizeof(iid));
    } else {
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            iid = MA_IID_DEVINTERFACE_AUDIO_RENDER;
        } else {
            iid = MA_IID_DEVINTERFACE_AUDIO_CAPTURE;
        }
    }

#if defined(__cplusplus)
    hr = StringFromIID(iid, &iidStr);
#else
    hr = StringFromIID(&iid, &iidStr);
#endif
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to convert device IID to string for ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync(). Out of memory.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    result = ma_completion_handler_uwp_init(&completionHandler);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, iidStr);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create event for waiting for ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync().", result);
    }

#if defined(__cplusplus)
    hr = ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync(iidStr, MA_IID_IAudioClient, NULL, (IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler*)&completionHandler, (IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation**)&pAsyncOp);
#else
    hr = ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync(iidStr, &MA_IID_IAudioClient, NULL, (IActivateAudioInterfaceCompletionHandler*)&completionHandler, (IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation**)&pAsyncOp);
#endif
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        ma_completion_handler_uwp_uninit(&completionHandler);
        ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, iidStr);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] ActivateAudioInterfaceAsync() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, iidStr);

    /* Wait for the async operation for finish. */
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_wait(&completionHandler);
    ma_completion_handler_uwp_uninit(&completionHandler);

    hr = ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation_GetActivateResult(pAsyncOp, &activateResult, &pActivatedInterface);
    ma_IActivateAudioInterfaceAsyncOperation_Release(pAsyncOp);

    if (FAILED(hr) || FAILED(activateResult)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to activate device.", FAILED(hr) ? ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr) : ma_result_from_HRESULT(activateResult));
    }

    /* Here is where we grab the IAudioClient interface. */
    hr = ma_IUnknown_QueryInterface(pActivatedInterface, &MA_IID_IAudioClient, (void**)ppAudioClient);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to query IAudioClient interface.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    if (ppActivatedInterface) {
        *ppActivatedInterface = pActivatedInterface;
    } else {
        ma_IUnknown_Release(pActivatedInterface);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_context_get_IAudioClient__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_IAudioClient** ppAudioClient, ma_WASAPIDeviceInterface** ppDeviceInterface)
{
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    return ma_context_get_IAudioClient_Desktop__wasapi(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, ppAudioClient, ppDeviceInterface);
#else
    return ma_context_get_IAudioClient_UWP__wasapi(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, ppAudioClient, ppDeviceInterface);
#endif
}


static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    /* Different enumeration for desktop and UWP. */
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    /* Desktop */
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator;

    hr = ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator, (void**)&pDeviceEnumerator);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create device enumerator.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    ma_context_enumerate_devices_by_type__wasapi(pContext, pDeviceEnumerator, ma_device_type_playback, callback, pUserData);
    ma_context_enumerate_devices_by_type__wasapi(pContext, pDeviceEnumerator, ma_device_type_capture,  callback, pUserData);

    ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release(pDeviceEnumerator);
#else
    /*
    UWP
    
    The MMDevice API is only supported on desktop applications. For now, while I'm still figuring out how to properly enumerate
    over devices without using MMDevice, I'm restricting devices to defaults.
    
    Hint: DeviceInformation::FindAllAsync() with DeviceClass.AudioCapture/AudioRender. https://blogs.windows.com/buildingapps/2014/05/15/real-time-audio-in-windows-store-and-windows-phone-apps/
    */
    if (callback) {
        ma_bool32 cbResult = MA_TRUE;

        /* Playback. */
        if (cbResult) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
            deviceInfo._private.isDefault = MA_TRUE;
            cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
        }

        /* Capture. */
        if (cbResult) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
            deviceInfo._private.isDefault = MA_TRUE;
            cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
        }
    }
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    ma_result result;
    ma_IMMDevice* pMMDevice = NULL;
    LPWSTR pDefaultDeviceID = NULL;
    
    result = ma_context_get_MMDevice__wasapi(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, &pMMDevice);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* We need the default device ID so we can set the isDefault flag in the device info. */
    pDefaultDeviceID = ma_context_get_default_device_id__wasapi(pContext, deviceType);

    result = ma_context_get_device_info_from_MMDevice__wasapi(pContext, pMMDevice, shareMode, pDefaultDeviceID, MA_FALSE, pDeviceInfo);   /* MA_FALSE = !onlySimpleInfo. */

    if (pDefaultDeviceID != NULL) {
        ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pDefaultDeviceID);
        pDefaultDeviceID = NULL;
    }

    ma_IMMDevice_Release(pMMDevice);

    return result;
#else
    ma_IAudioClient* pAudioClient;
    ma_result result;

    /* UWP currently only uses default devices. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    }

    /* Not currently supporting exclusive mode on UWP. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    result = ma_context_get_IAudioClient_UWP__wasapi(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, &pAudioClient, NULL);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_context_get_device_info_from_IAudioClient__wasapi(pContext, NULL, pAudioClient, shareMode, pDeviceInfo);

    pDeviceInfo->_private.isDefault = MA_TRUE;  /* UWP only supports default devices. */

    ma_IAudioClient_Release(pAudioClient);
    return result;
#endif
}

static void ma_device_uninit__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    if (pDevice->wasapi.pDeviceEnumerator) {
        ((ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator*)pDevice->wasapi.pDeviceEnumerator)->lpVtbl->UnregisterEndpointNotificationCallback((ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator*)pDevice->wasapi.pDeviceEnumerator, &pDevice->wasapi.notificationClient);
        ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release((ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator*)pDevice->wasapi.pDeviceEnumerator);
    }
#endif

    if (pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient) {
        ma_IAudioRenderClient_Release((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient);
    }
    if (pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient) {
        ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient);
    }

    if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback) {
        ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
    }
    if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture) {
        ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback) {
        CloseHandle(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback);
    }
    if (pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture) {
        CloseHandle(pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture);
    }
}


typedef struct
{
    /* Input. */
    ma_format formatIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_channel channelMapIn[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesIn;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMillisecondsIn;
    ma_uint32 periodsIn;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultFormat;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultChannels;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultSampleRate;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultChannelMap;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;
    ma_bool32 noAutoConvertSRC;
    ma_bool32 noDefaultQualitySRC;
    ma_bool32 noHardwareOffloading;

    /* Output. */
    ma_IAudioClient* pAudioClient;
    ma_IAudioRenderClient* pRenderClient;
    ma_IAudioCaptureClient* pCaptureClient;
    ma_format formatOut;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    ma_channel channelMapOut[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesOut;
    ma_uint32 periodsOut;
    ma_bool32 usingAudioClient3;
    char deviceName[256];
} ma_device_init_internal_data__wasapi;

static ma_result ma_device_init_internal__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_device_init_internal_data__wasapi* pData)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    const char* errorMsg = "";
    MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE shareMode = MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED;
    DWORD streamFlags = 0;
    MA_REFERENCE_TIME periodDurationInMicroseconds;
    ma_bool32 wasInitializedUsingIAudioClient3 = MA_FALSE;
    WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE wf;
    ma_WASAPIDeviceInterface* pDeviceInterface = NULL;
    ma_IAudioClient2* pAudioClient2;
    ma_uint32 nativeSampleRate;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);

    /* This function is only used to initialize one device type: either playback, capture or loopback. Never full-duplex. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pData->pAudioClient = NULL;
    pData->pRenderClient = NULL;
    pData->pCaptureClient = NULL;

    streamFlags = MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_EVENTCALLBACK;
    if (!pData->noAutoConvertSRC && !pData->usingDefaultSampleRate && pData->shareMode != ma_share_mode_exclusive) {    /* <-- Exclusive streams must use the native sample rate. */
        streamFlags |= MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM;
    }
    if (!pData->noDefaultQualitySRC && !pData->usingDefaultSampleRate && (streamFlags & MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM) != 0) {
        streamFlags |= MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY;
    }
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        streamFlags |= MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_LOOPBACK;
    }

    result = ma_context_get_IAudioClient__wasapi(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, &pData->pAudioClient, &pDeviceInterface);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        goto done;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&wf);

    /* Try enabling hardware offloading. */
    if (!pData->noHardwareOffloading) {
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_QueryInterface(pData->pAudioClient, &MA_IID_IAudioClient2, (void**)&pAudioClient2);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            BOOL isHardwareOffloadingSupported = 0;
            hr = ma_IAudioClient2_IsOffloadCapable(pAudioClient2, MA_AudioCategory_Other, &isHardwareOffloadingSupported);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && isHardwareOffloadingSupported) {
                ma_AudioClientProperties clientProperties;
                MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&clientProperties);
                clientProperties.cbSize = sizeof(clientProperties);
                clientProperties.bIsOffload = 1;
                clientProperties.eCategory = MA_AudioCategory_Other;
                ma_IAudioClient2_SetClientProperties(pAudioClient2, &clientProperties);
            }

            pAudioClient2->lpVtbl->Release(pAudioClient2);
        }
    }

    /* Here is where we try to determine the best format to use with the device. If the client if wanting exclusive mode, first try finding the best format for that. If this fails, fall back to shared mode. */
    result = MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    if (pData->shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
    #ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
        /* In exclusive mode on desktop we always use the backend's native format. */
        ma_IPropertyStore* pStore = NULL;
        hr = ma_IMMDevice_OpenPropertyStore(pDeviceInterface, STGM_READ, &pStore);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            PROPVARIANT prop;
            ma_PropVariantInit(&prop);
            hr = ma_IPropertyStore_GetValue(pStore, &MA_PKEY_AudioEngine_DeviceFormat, &prop);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                WAVEFORMATEX* pActualFormat = (WAVEFORMATEX*)prop.blob.pBlobData;
                hr = ma_IAudioClient_IsFormatSupported((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE, pActualFormat, NULL);
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    MA_COPY_MEMORY(&wf, pActualFormat, sizeof(WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE));
                }

                ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, &prop);
            }

            ma_IPropertyStore_Release(pStore);
        }
    #else
        /*
        I do not know how to query the device's native format on UWP so for now I'm just disabling support for
        exclusive mode. The alternative is to enumerate over different formats and check IsFormatSupported()
        until you find one that works.
        
        TODO: Add support for exclusive mode to UWP.
        */
        hr = S_FALSE;
    #endif

        if (hr == S_OK) {
            shareMode = MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE;
            result = MA_SUCCESS;
        } else {
            result = MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        }
    } else {
        /* In shared mode we are always using the format reported by the operating system. */
        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* pNativeFormat = NULL;
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetMixFormat((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, (WAVEFORMATEX**)&pNativeFormat);
        if (hr != S_OK) {
            result = MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        } else {
            MA_COPY_MEMORY(&wf, pNativeFormat, sizeof(wf));
            result = MA_SUCCESS;
        }

        ma_CoTaskMemFree(pContext, pNativeFormat);

        shareMode = MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED;
    }

    /* Return an error if we still haven't found a format. */
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to find best device mix format.";
        goto done;
    }

    /*
    Override the native sample rate with the one requested by the caller, but only if we're not using the default sample rate. We'll use
    WASAPI to perform the sample rate conversion.
    */
    nativeSampleRate = wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
    if (streamFlags & MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM) {
        wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec = pData->sampleRateIn;
        wf.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec * wf.Format.nBlockAlign;
    }

    pData->formatOut = ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX((WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf);
    pData->channelsOut = wf.Format.nChannels;
    pData->sampleRateOut = wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec;

    /* Get the internal channel map based on the channel mask. */
    ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__win32(wf.dwChannelMask, pData->channelsOut, pData->channelMapOut);

    /* Period size. */
    pData->periodsOut = pData->periodsIn;
    pData->periodSizeInFramesOut = pData->periodSizeInFramesIn;
    if (pData->periodSizeInFramesOut == 0) {
        pData->periodSizeInFramesOut = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pData->periodSizeInMillisecondsIn, wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec);
    }

    periodDurationInMicroseconds = ((ma_uint64)pData->periodSizeInFramesOut * 1000 * 1000) / wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec;


    /* Slightly different initialization for shared and exclusive modes. We try exclusive mode first, and if it fails, fall back to shared mode. */
    if (shareMode == MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_EXCLUSIVE) {
        MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration = periodDurationInMicroseconds * 10;

        /*
        If the periodicy is too small, Initialize() will fail with AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_DEVICE_PERIOD. In this case we should just keep increasing
        it and trying it again.
        */
        hr = E_FAIL;
        for (;;) {
            hr = ma_IAudioClient_Initialize((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, shareMode, streamFlags, bufferDuration, bufferDuration, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, NULL);
            if (hr == MA_AUDCLNT_E_INVALID_DEVICE_PERIOD) {
                if (bufferDuration > 500*10000) {
                    break;
                } else {
                    if (bufferDuration == 0) {  /* <-- Just a sanity check to prevent an infinit loop. Should never happen, but it makes me feel better. */
                        break;
                    }

                    bufferDuration = bufferDuration * 2;
                    continue;
                }
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        
        if (hr == MA_AUDCLNT_E_BUFFER_SIZE_NOT_ALIGNED) {
            ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames;
            hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, &bufferSizeInFrames);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                bufferDuration = (MA_REFERENCE_TIME)((10000.0 * 1000 / wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec * bufferSizeInFrames) + 0.5);

                /* Unfortunately we need to release and re-acquire the audio client according to MSDN. Seems silly - why not just call IAudioClient_Initialize() again?! */
                ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient);

            #ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
                hr = ma_IMMDevice_Activate(pDeviceInterface, &MA_IID_IAudioClient, CLSCTX_ALL, NULL, (void**)&pData->pAudioClient);
            #else
                hr = ma_IUnknown_QueryInterface(pDeviceInterface, &MA_IID_IAudioClient, (void**)&pData->pAudioClient);
            #endif

                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    hr = ma_IAudioClient_Initialize((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, shareMode, streamFlags, bufferDuration, bufferDuration, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, NULL);
                }
            }
        }

        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            /* Failed to initialize in exclusive mode. Don't fall back to shared mode - instead tell the client about it. They can reinitialize in shared mode if they want. */
            if (hr == E_ACCESSDENIED) {
                errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to initialize device in exclusive mode. Access denied.", result = MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
            } else if (hr == MA_AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_IN_USE) {
                errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to initialize device in exclusive mode. Device in use.", result = MA_BUSY;
            } else {
                errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to initialize device in exclusive mode."; result = ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
            }
            goto done;
        }
    }

    if (shareMode == MA_AUDCLNT_SHAREMODE_SHARED) {
        /*
        Low latency shared mode via IAudioClient3.

        NOTE
        ====
        Contrary to the documentation on MSDN (https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/api/audioclient/nf-audioclient-iaudioclient3-initializesharedaudiostream), the
        use of AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM and AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY with IAudioClient3_InitializeSharedAudioStream() absolutely does not work. Using
        any of these flags will result in HRESULT code 0x88890021. The other problem is that calling IAudioClient3_GetSharedModeEnginePeriod() with a sample rate different to
        that returned by IAudioClient_GetMixFormat() also results in an error. I'm therefore disabling low-latency shared mode with AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM.
        */
#ifndef MA_WASAPI_NO_LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_MODE
        if ((streamFlags & MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM) == 0 || nativeSampleRate == wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec) {
            ma_IAudioClient3* pAudioClient3 = NULL;
            hr = ma_IAudioClient_QueryInterface(pData->pAudioClient, &MA_IID_IAudioClient3, (void**)&pAudioClient3);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                UINT32 defaultPeriodInFrames;
                UINT32 fundamentalPeriodInFrames;
                UINT32 minPeriodInFrames;
                UINT32 maxPeriodInFrames;
                hr = ma_IAudioClient3_GetSharedModeEnginePeriod(pAudioClient3, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, &defaultPeriodInFrames, &fundamentalPeriodInFrames, &minPeriodInFrames, &maxPeriodInFrames);
                if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                    UINT32 desiredPeriodInFrames = pData->periodSizeInFramesOut;
                    UINT32 actualPeriodInFrames  = desiredPeriodInFrames;

                    /* Make sure the period size is a multiple of fundamentalPeriodInFrames. */
                    actualPeriodInFrames = actualPeriodInFrames / fundamentalPeriodInFrames;
                    actualPeriodInFrames = actualPeriodInFrames * fundamentalPeriodInFrames;

                    /* The period needs to be clamped between minPeriodInFrames and maxPeriodInFrames. */
                    actualPeriodInFrames = ma_clamp(actualPeriodInFrames, minPeriodInFrames, maxPeriodInFrames);

                #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                    printf("[WASAPI] Trying IAudioClient3_InitializeSharedAudioStream(actualPeriodInFrames=%d)\n", actualPeriodInFrames);
                    printf("    defaultPeriodInFrames=%d\n", defaultPeriodInFrames);
                    printf("    fundamentalPeriodInFrames=%d\n", fundamentalPeriodInFrames);
                    printf("    minPeriodInFrames=%d\n", minPeriodInFrames);
                    printf("    maxPeriodInFrames=%d\n", maxPeriodInFrames);
                #endif

                    /* If the client requested a largish buffer than we don't actually want to use low latency shared mode because it forces small buffers. */
                    if (actualPeriodInFrames >= desiredPeriodInFrames) {
                        /*
                        MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM | MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY must not be in the stream flags. If either of these are specified,
                        IAudioClient3_InitializeSharedAudioStream() will fail.
                        */
                        hr = ma_IAudioClient3_InitializeSharedAudioStream(pAudioClient3, streamFlags & ~(MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_AUTOCONVERTPCM | MA_AUDCLNT_STREAMFLAGS_SRC_DEFAULT_QUALITY), actualPeriodInFrames, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, NULL);
                        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                            wasInitializedUsingIAudioClient3 = MA_TRUE;
                            pData->periodSizeInFramesOut = actualPeriodInFrames;
                        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                            printf("[WASAPI] Using IAudioClient3\n");
                            printf("    periodSizeInFramesOut=%d\n", pData->periodSizeInFramesOut);
                        #endif
                        } else {
                        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                            printf("[WASAPI] IAudioClient3_InitializeSharedAudioStream failed. Falling back to IAudioClient.\n");
                        #endif    
                        }
                    } else {
                    #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                        printf("[WASAPI] Not using IAudioClient3 because the desired period size is larger than the maximum supported by IAudioClient3.\n");
                    #endif
                    }
                } else {
                #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                    printf("[WASAPI] IAudioClient3_GetSharedModeEnginePeriod failed. Falling back to IAudioClient.\n");
                #endif
                }

                ma_IAudioClient3_Release(pAudioClient3);
                pAudioClient3 = NULL;
            }
        }
#else
    #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
        printf("[WASAPI] Not using IAudioClient3 because MA_WASAPI_NO_LOW_LATENCY_SHARED_MODE is enabled.\n");
    #endif
#endif

        /* If we don't have an IAudioClient3 then we need to use the normal initialization routine. */
        if (!wasInitializedUsingIAudioClient3) {
            MA_REFERENCE_TIME bufferDuration = periodDurationInMicroseconds * pData->periodsOut * 10;   /* <-- Multiply by 10 for microseconds to 100-nanoseconds. */
            hr = ma_IAudioClient_Initialize((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, shareMode, streamFlags, bufferDuration, 0, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf, NULL);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                if (hr == E_ACCESSDENIED) {
                    errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to initialize device. Access denied.", result = MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
                } else if (hr == MA_AUDCLNT_E_DEVICE_IN_USE) {
                    errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to initialize device. Device in use.", result = MA_BUSY;
                } else {
                    errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to initialize device.", result = ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
                }

                goto done;
            }
        }
    }

    if (!wasInitializedUsingIAudioClient3) {
        ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames;
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, &bufferSizeInFrames);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to get audio client's actual buffer size.", result = ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
            goto done;
        }

        pData->periodSizeInFramesOut = bufferSizeInFrames / pData->periodsOut;
    }

    pData->usingAudioClient3 = wasInitializedUsingIAudioClient3;

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetService((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, &MA_IID_IAudioRenderClient, (void**)&pData->pRenderClient);
    } else {
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetService((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient, &MA_IID_IAudioCaptureClient, (void**)&pData->pCaptureClient);
    }

    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        errorMsg = "[WASAPI] Failed to get audio client service.", result = ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
        goto done;
    }


    /* Grab the name of the device. */
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    {
        ma_IPropertyStore *pProperties;
        hr = ma_IMMDevice_OpenPropertyStore(pDeviceInterface, STGM_READ, &pProperties);
        if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
            PROPVARIANT varName;
            ma_PropVariantInit(&varName);
            hr = ma_IPropertyStore_GetValue(pProperties, &MA_PKEY_Device_FriendlyName, &varName);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, varName.pwszVal, -1, pData->deviceName, sizeof(pData->deviceName), 0, FALSE);
                ma_PropVariantClear(pContext, &varName);
            }

            ma_IPropertyStore_Release(pProperties);
        }
    }
#endif

done:
    /* Clean up. */
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    if (pDeviceInterface != NULL) {
        ma_IMMDevice_Release(pDeviceInterface);
    }
#else
    if (pDeviceInterface != NULL) {
        ma_IUnknown_Release(pDeviceInterface);
    }
#endif

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        if (pData->pRenderClient) {
            ma_IAudioRenderClient_Release((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pData->pRenderClient);
            pData->pRenderClient = NULL;
        }
        if (pData->pCaptureClient) {
            ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pData->pCaptureClient);
            pData->pCaptureClient = NULL;
        }
        if (pData->pAudioClient) {
            ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pData->pAudioClient);
            pData->pAudioClient = NULL;
        }

        if (errorMsg != NULL && errorMsg[0] != '\0') {
            ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, errorMsg, result);
        }

        return result;
    } else {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_device_reinit__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    ma_device_init_internal_data__wasapi data;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* We only re-initialize the playback or capture device. Never a full-duplex device. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        data.formatIn               = pDevice->playback.format;
        data.channelsIn             = pDevice->playback.channels;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pDevice->playback.channelMap, sizeof(pDevice->playback.channelMap));
        data.shareMode              = pDevice->playback.shareMode;
        data.usingDefaultFormat     = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels   = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannelMap;
    } else {
        data.formatIn               = pDevice->capture.format;
        data.channelsIn             = pDevice->capture.channels;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pDevice->capture.channelMap, sizeof(pDevice->capture.channelMap));
        data.shareMode              = pDevice->capture.shareMode;
        data.usingDefaultFormat     = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels   = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannelMap;
    }
    
    data.sampleRateIn               = pDevice->sampleRate;
    data.usingDefaultSampleRate     = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
    data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pDevice->wasapi.originalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    data.periodSizeInMillisecondsIn = pDevice->wasapi.originalPeriodSizeInMilliseconds;
    data.periodsIn                  = pDevice->wasapi.originalPeriods;
    data.noAutoConvertSRC           = pDevice->wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC;
    data.noDefaultQualitySRC        = pDevice->wasapi.noDefaultQualitySRC;
    data.noHardwareOffloading       = pDevice->wasapi.noHardwareOffloading;
    result = ma_device_init_internal__wasapi(pDevice->pContext, deviceType, NULL, &data);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* At this point we have some new objects ready to go. We need to uninitialize the previous ones and then set the new ones. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        if (pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient) {
            ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient);
            pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient = NULL;
        }

        if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture) {
            ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
            pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture = NULL;
        }

        pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture         = data.pAudioClient;
        pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient              = data.pCaptureClient;

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
        ma_strcpy_s(pDevice->capture.name, sizeof(pDevice->capture.name), data.deviceName);

        ma_IAudioClient_SetEventHandle((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture,  pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture);

        pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesCapture = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture, &pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesCapture);

        /* The device may be in a started state. If so we need to immediately restart it. */
        if (pDevice->wasapi.isStartedCapture) {
            HRESULT hr = ma_IAudioClient_Start((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to start internal capture device after reinitialization.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
            }
        }
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        if (pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient) {
            ma_IAudioRenderClient_Release((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient);
            pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient = NULL;
        }

        if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback) {
            ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
            pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback = NULL;
        }

        pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback         = data.pAudioClient;
        pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient                = data.pRenderClient;

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
        ma_strcpy_s(pDevice->playback.name, sizeof(pDevice->playback.name), data.deviceName);

        ma_IAudioClient_SetEventHandle((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback);

        pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesPlayback = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, &pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesPlayback);

        /* The device may be in a started state. If so we need to immediately restart it. */
        if (pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback) {
            HRESULT hr = ma_IAudioClient_Start((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to start internal playback device after reinitialization.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__wasapi(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;

    (void)pContext;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->wasapi);
    pDevice->wasapi.originalPeriodSizeInFrames       = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
    pDevice->wasapi.originalPeriodSizeInMilliseconds = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    pDevice->wasapi.originalPeriods                  = pConfig->periods;
    pDevice->wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC                 = pConfig->wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC;
    pDevice->wasapi.noDefaultQualitySRC              = pConfig->wasapi.noDefaultQualitySRC;
    pDevice->wasapi.noHardwareOffloading             = pConfig->wasapi.noHardwareOffloading;

    /* Exclusive mode is not allowed with loopback. */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        ma_device_init_internal_data__wasapi data;
        data.formatIn                   = pConfig->capture.format;
        data.channelsIn                 = pConfig->capture.channels;
        data.sampleRateIn               = pConfig->sampleRate;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pConfig->capture.channelMap, sizeof(pConfig->capture.channelMap));
        data.usingDefaultFormat         = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels       = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultSampleRate     = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap     = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannelMap;
        data.shareMode                  = pConfig->capture.shareMode;
        data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        data.periodSizeInMillisecondsIn = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
        data.periodsIn                  = pConfig->periods;
        data.noAutoConvertSRC           = pConfig->wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC;
        data.noDefaultQualitySRC        = pConfig->wasapi.noDefaultQualitySRC;
        data.noHardwareOffloading       = pConfig->wasapi.noHardwareOffloading;

        result = ma_device_init_internal__wasapi(pDevice->pContext, (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) ? ma_device_type_loopback : ma_device_type_capture, pConfig->capture.pDeviceID, &data);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture         = data.pAudioClient;
        pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient              = data.pCaptureClient;

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
        ma_strcpy_s(pDevice->capture.name, sizeof(pDevice->capture.name), data.deviceName);

        /*
        The event for capture needs to be manual reset for the same reason as playback. We keep the initial state set to unsignaled,
        however, because we want to block until we actually have something for the first call to ma_device_read().
        */
        pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture = CreateEventW(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);  /* Auto reset, unsignaled by default. */
        if (pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture == NULL) {
            result = ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());

            if (pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient != NULL) {
                ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient);
                pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient = NULL;
            }
            if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture != NULL) {
                ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
                pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture = NULL;
            }

            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create event for capture.", result);
        }
        ma_IAudioClient_SetEventHandle((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture, pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture);

        pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesCapture = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture, &pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesCapture);
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_init_internal_data__wasapi data;
        data.formatIn                   = pConfig->playback.format;
        data.channelsIn                 = pConfig->playback.channels;
        data.sampleRateIn               = pConfig->sampleRate;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pConfig->playback.channelMap, sizeof(pConfig->playback.channelMap));
        data.usingDefaultFormat         = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels       = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultSampleRate     = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap     = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannelMap;
        data.shareMode                  = pConfig->playback.shareMode;
        data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        data.periodSizeInMillisecondsIn = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
        data.periodsIn                  = pConfig->periods;
        data.noAutoConvertSRC           = pConfig->wasapi.noAutoConvertSRC;
        data.noDefaultQualitySRC        = pConfig->wasapi.noDefaultQualitySRC;
        data.noHardwareOffloading       = pConfig->wasapi.noHardwareOffloading;

        result = ma_device_init_internal__wasapi(pDevice->pContext, ma_device_type_playback, pConfig->playback.pDeviceID, &data);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                if (pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient != NULL) {
                    ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient);
                    pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient = NULL;
                }
                if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture != NULL) {
                    ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
                    pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture = NULL;
                }

                CloseHandle(pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture);
                pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture = NULL;
            }
            return result;
        }

        pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback         = data.pAudioClient;
        pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient                = data.pRenderClient;

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
        ma_strcpy_s(pDevice->playback.name, sizeof(pDevice->playback.name), data.deviceName);

        /*
        The event for playback is needs to be manual reset because we want to explicitly control the fact that it becomes signalled
        only after the whole available space has been filled, never before.

        The playback event also needs to be initially set to a signaled state so that the first call to ma_device_write() is able
        to get passed WaitForMultipleObjects().
        */
        pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback = CreateEventW(NULL, FALSE, TRUE, NULL);  /* Auto reset, signaled by default. */
        if (pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback == NULL) {
            result = ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());

            if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                if (pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient != NULL) {
                    ma_IAudioCaptureClient_Release((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient);
                    pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient = NULL;
                }
                if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture != NULL) {
                    ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
                    pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture = NULL;
                }

                CloseHandle(pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture);
                pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture = NULL;
            }

            if (pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient != NULL) {
                ma_IAudioRenderClient_Release((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient);
                pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient = NULL;
            }
            if (pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback != NULL) {
                ma_IAudioClient_Release((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
                pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback = NULL;
            }

            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create event for playback.", result);
        }
        ma_IAudioClient_SetEventHandle((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback);

        pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesPlayback = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        ma_IAudioClient_GetBufferSize((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, &pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesPlayback);
    }

    /*
    We need to get notifications of when the default device changes. We do this through a device enumerator by
    registering a IMMNotificationClient with it. We only care about this if it's the default device.
    */
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    if (pConfig->wasapi.noAutoStreamRouting == MA_FALSE) {
        if ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.pDeviceID == NULL) {
            pDevice->wasapi.allowCaptureAutoStreamRouting = MA_TRUE;
        }
        if ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.pDeviceID == NULL) {
            pDevice->wasapi.allowPlaybackAutoStreamRouting = MA_TRUE;
        }

        if (pDevice->wasapi.allowCaptureAutoStreamRouting || pDevice->wasapi.allowPlaybackAutoStreamRouting) {
            ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator* pDeviceEnumerator;
            HRESULT hr = ma_CoCreateInstance(pContext, MA_CLSID_MMDeviceEnumerator, NULL, CLSCTX_ALL, MA_IID_IMMDeviceEnumerator, (void**)&pDeviceEnumerator);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                ma_device_uninit__wasapi(pDevice);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to create device enumerator.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
            }

            pDevice->wasapi.notificationClient.lpVtbl  = (void*)&g_maNotificationCientVtbl;
            pDevice->wasapi.notificationClient.counter = 1;
            pDevice->wasapi.notificationClient.pDevice = pDevice;

            hr = pDeviceEnumerator->lpVtbl->RegisterEndpointNotificationCallback(pDeviceEnumerator, &pDevice->wasapi.notificationClient);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                pDevice->wasapi.pDeviceEnumerator = (ma_ptr)pDeviceEnumerator;
            } else {
                /* Not the end of the world if we fail to register the notification callback. We just won't support automatic stream routing. */
                ma_IMMDeviceEnumerator_Release(pDeviceEnumerator);
            }
        }
    }
#endif

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedCapture,  MA_FALSE);
    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback, MA_FALSE);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device__get_available_frames__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice, ma_IAudioClient* pAudioClient, ma_uint32* pFrameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 paddingFramesCount;
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCount != NULL);
    
    *pFrameCount = 0;

    if ((ma_ptr)pAudioClient != pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback && (ma_ptr)pAudioClient != pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    hr = ma_IAudioClient_GetCurrentPadding(pAudioClient, &paddingFramesCount);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
    }

    /* Slightly different rules for exclusive and shared modes. */
    shareMode = ((ma_ptr)pAudioClient == pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback) ? pDevice->playback.shareMode : pDevice->capture.shareMode;
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        *pFrameCount = paddingFramesCount;
    } else {
        if ((ma_ptr)pAudioClient == pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback) {
            *pFrameCount = pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesPlayback - paddingFramesCount;
        } else {
            *pFrameCount = paddingFramesCount;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_device_is_reroute_required__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        return pDevice->wasapi.hasDefaultPlaybackDeviceChanged;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return pDevice->wasapi.hasDefaultCaptureDeviceChanged;
    }
    
    return MA_FALSE;
}

static ma_result ma_device_reroute__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.hasDefaultPlaybackDeviceChanged, MA_FALSE);
    }
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.hasDefaultCaptureDeviceChanged,  MA_FALSE);
    }
    

    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
        printf("=== CHANGING DEVICE ===\n");
    #endif

    result = ma_device_reinit__wasapi(pDevice, deviceType);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    ma_device__post_init_setup(pDevice, deviceType);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_device_stop__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /*
    We need to explicitly signal the capture event in loopback mode to ensure we return from WaitForSingleObject() when nothing is being played. When nothing
    is being played, the event is never signalled internally by WASAPI which means we will deadlock when stopping the device.
    */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        SetEvent((HANDLE)pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__wasapi(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;
    ma_uint32 framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice = 0;
    ma_uint32 mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = 0;
    ma_uint32 mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback = 0;
    ma_uint32 mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture = 0;
    ma_uint32 mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback = 0;
    BYTE* pMappedDeviceBufferCapture = NULL;
    BYTE* pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback = NULL;
    ma_uint32 bpfCaptureDevice = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
    ma_uint32 bpfPlaybackDevice = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
    ma_uint32 bpfCaptureClient = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
    ma_uint32 bpfPlaybackClient = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
    ma_uint8  inputDataInClientFormat[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
    ma_uint32 inputDataInClientFormatCap = sizeof(inputDataInClientFormat) / bpfCaptureClient;
    ma_uint8  outputDataInClientFormat[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
    ma_uint32 outputDataInClientFormatCap = sizeof(outputDataInClientFormat) / bpfPlaybackClient;
    ma_uint32 outputDataInClientFormatCount = 0;
    ma_uint32 outputDataInClientFormatConsumed = 0;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesCapture = 0;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* The capture device needs to be started immediately. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        periodSizeInFramesCapture = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;

        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Start((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to start internal capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }
        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedCapture, MA_TRUE);
    }

    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        /* We may need to reroute the device. */
        if (ma_device_is_reroute_required__wasapi(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback)) {
            result = ma_device_reroute__wasapi(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (ma_device_is_reroute_required__wasapi(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture)) {
            result = ma_device_reroute__wasapi(pDevice, (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_loopback) ? ma_device_type_loopback : ma_device_type_capture);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                break;
            }
        }

        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                ma_uint32 framesAvailableCapture;
                ma_uint32 framesAvailablePlayback;
                DWORD flagsCapture;    /* Passed to IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer(). */

                /* The process is to map the playback buffer and fill it as quickly as possible from input data. */
                if (pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback == NULL) {
                    /* WASAPI is weird with exclusive mode. You need to wait on the event _before_ querying the available frames. */
                    if (pDevice->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
                        if (WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED) {
                            return MA_ERROR;   /* Wait failed. */
                        }
                    }

                    result = ma_device__get_available_frames__wasapi(pDevice, (ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, &framesAvailablePlayback);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        return result;
                    }

                    /*printf("TRACE 1: framesAvailablePlayback=%d\n", framesAvailablePlayback);*/


                    /* In exclusive mode, the frame count needs to exactly match the value returned by GetCurrentPadding(). */
                    if (pDevice->playback.shareMode != ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
                        if (framesAvailablePlayback > pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesPlayback) {
                            framesAvailablePlayback = pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesPlayback;
                        }
                    }

                    /* If there's no frames available in the playback device we need to wait for more. */
                    if (framesAvailablePlayback == 0) {
                        /* In exclusive mode we waited at the top. */
                        if (pDevice->playback.shareMode != ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
                            if (WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED) {
                                return MA_ERROR;   /* Wait failed. */
                            }
                        }

                        continue;
                    }

                    /* We're ready to map the playback device's buffer. We don't release this until it's been entirely filled. */
                    hr = ma_IAudioRenderClient_GetBuffer((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient, framesAvailablePlayback, &pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback);
                    if (FAILED(hr)) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve internal buffer from playback device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback    = framesAvailablePlayback;
                    mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback = framesAvailablePlayback;
                }

                /* At this point we should have a buffer available for output. We need to keep writing input samples to it. */
                for (;;) {
                    /* Try grabbing some captured data if we haven't already got a mapped buffer. */
                    if (pMappedDeviceBufferCapture == NULL) {
                        if (pDevice->capture.shareMode == ma_share_mode_shared) {
                            if (WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED) {
                                return MA_ERROR;   /* Wait failed. */
                            }
                        }

                        result = ma_device__get_available_frames__wasapi(pDevice, (ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture, &framesAvailableCapture);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }

                        /*printf("TRACE 2: framesAvailableCapture=%d\n", framesAvailableCapture);*/

                        /* Wait for more if nothing is available. */
                        if (framesAvailableCapture == 0) {
                            /* In exclusive mode we waited at the top. */
                            if (pDevice->capture.shareMode != ma_share_mode_shared) {
                                if (WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED) {
                                    return MA_ERROR;   /* Wait failed. */
                                }
                            }

                            continue;
                        }

                        /* Getting here means there's data available for writing to the output device. */
                        mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = ma_min(framesAvailableCapture, periodSizeInFramesCapture);
                        hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, (BYTE**)&pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture, &flagsCapture, NULL, NULL);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve internal buffer from capture device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }


                        /* Overrun detection. */
                        if ((flagsCapture & MA_AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY) != 0) {
                            /* Glitched. Probably due to an overrun. */
                        #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                            printf("[WASAPI] Data discontinuity (possible overrun). framesAvailableCapture=%d, mappedBufferSizeInFramesCapture=%d\n", framesAvailableCapture, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                        #endif

                            /*
                            Exeriment: If we get an overrun it probably means we're straddling the end of the buffer. In order to prevent a never-ending sequence of glitches let's experiment
                            by dropping every frame until we're left with only a single period. To do this we just keep retrieving and immediately releasing buffers until we're down to the
                            last period.
                            */
                            if (framesAvailableCapture >= pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesCapture) {
                            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                                printf("[WASAPI] Synchronizing capture stream. ");
                            #endif
                                do
                                {
                                    hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                                    if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                        break;
                                    }

                                    framesAvailableCapture -= mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture;
                                    
                                    if (framesAvailableCapture > 0) {
                                        mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = ma_min(framesAvailableCapture, periodSizeInFramesCapture);
                                        hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, (BYTE**)&pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture, &flagsCapture, NULL, NULL);
                                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve internal buffer from capture device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                            break;
                                        }
                                    } else {
                                        pMappedDeviceBufferCapture = NULL;
                                        mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = 0;
                                    }
                                } while (framesAvailableCapture > periodSizeInFramesCapture);
                            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                                printf("framesAvailableCapture=%d, mappedBufferSizeInFramesCapture=%d\n", framesAvailableCapture, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                            #endif
                            }
                        } else {
                        #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                            if (flagsCapture != 0) {
                                printf("[WASAPI] Capture Flags: %ld\n", flagsCapture);
                            }
                        #endif
                        }

                        mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture = mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture;
                    }


                    /* At this point we should have both input and output data available. We now need to convert the data and post it to the client. */
                    for (;;) {
                        BYTE* pRunningDeviceBufferCapture;
                        BYTE* pRunningDeviceBufferPlayback;
                        ma_uint32 framesToProcess;
                        ma_uint32 framesProcessed;

                        pRunningDeviceBufferCapture  = pMappedDeviceBufferCapture  + ((mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture  - mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture ) * bpfCaptureDevice);
                        pRunningDeviceBufferPlayback = pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback + ((mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback - mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback) * bpfPlaybackDevice);
                        
                        /* There may be some data sitting in the converter that needs to be processed first. Once this is exhaused, run the data callback again. */
                        if (!pDevice->playback.converter.isPassthrough && outputDataInClientFormatConsumed < outputDataInClientFormatCount) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedFrameCountClient = (outputDataInClientFormatCount - outputDataInClientFormatConsumed);
                            ma_uint64 convertedFrameCountDevice = mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback;
                            void* pConvertedFramesClient = outputDataInClientFormat + (outputDataInClientFormatConsumed * bpfPlaybackClient);
                            void* pConvertedFramesDevice = pRunningDeviceBufferPlayback;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, pConvertedFramesClient, &convertedFrameCountClient, pConvertedFramesDevice, &convertedFrameCountDevice);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            outputDataInClientFormatConsumed          += (ma_uint32)convertedFrameCountClient;  /* Safe cast. */
                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback -= (ma_uint32)convertedFrameCountDevice;  /* Safe cast. */

                            if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /*
                        Getting here means we need to fire the callback. If format conversion is unnecessary, we can optimize this by passing the pointers to the internal
                        buffers directly to the callback.
                        */
                        if (pDevice->capture.converter.isPassthrough && pDevice->playback.converter.isPassthrough) {
                            /* Optimal path. We can pass mapped pointers directly to the callback. */
                            framesToProcess = ma_min(mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture, mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback);
                            framesProcessed = framesToProcess;

                            ma_device__on_data(pDevice, pRunningDeviceBufferPlayback, pRunningDeviceBufferCapture, framesToProcess);

                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture  -= framesProcessed;
                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback -= framesProcessed;

                            if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture == 0) {
                                break;  /* Exhausted input data. */
                            }
                            if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback == 0) {
                                break;  /* Exhausted output data. */
                            }
                        } else if (pDevice->capture.converter.isPassthrough) {
                            /* The input buffer is a passthrough, but the playback buffer requires a conversion. */
                            framesToProcess = ma_min(mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture, outputDataInClientFormatCap);
                            framesProcessed = framesToProcess;

                            ma_device__on_data(pDevice, outputDataInClientFormat, pRunningDeviceBufferCapture, framesToProcess);
                            outputDataInClientFormatCount    = framesProcessed;
                            outputDataInClientFormatConsumed = 0;

                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture -= framesProcessed;
                            if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture == 0) {
                                break;  /* Exhausted input data. */
                            }
                        } else if (pDevice->playback.converter.isPassthrough) {
                            /* The input buffer requires conversion, the playback buffer is passthrough. */
                            ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess = mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture;
                            ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcess = ma_min(inputDataInClientFormatCap, mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback);

                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningDeviceBufferCapture, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess, inputDataInClientFormat, &capturedClientFramesToProcess);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcess == 0) {
                                break;
                            }

                            ma_device__on_data(pDevice, pRunningDeviceBufferPlayback, inputDataInClientFormat, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcess);   /* Safe cast. */

                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture  -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback -= (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcess;
                        } else {
                            ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess = mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture;
                            ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcess = ma_min(inputDataInClientFormatCap, outputDataInClientFormatCap);

                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningDeviceBufferCapture, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess, inputDataInClientFormat, &capturedClientFramesToProcess);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcess == 0) {
                                break;
                            }

                            ma_device__on_data(pDevice, outputDataInClientFormat, inputDataInClientFormat, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcess);
                            
                            mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                            outputDataInClientFormatCount             = (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcess;
                            outputDataInClientFormatConsumed          = 0;
                        }
                    }


                    /* If at this point we've run out of capture data we need to release the buffer. */
                    if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture == 0 && pMappedDeviceBufferCapture != NULL) {
                        hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to release internal buffer from capture device after reading from the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }

                        /*printf("TRACE: Released capture buffer\n");*/

                        pMappedDeviceBufferCapture = NULL;
                        mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingCapture = 0;
                        mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture    = 0;
                    }

                    /* Get out of this loop if we're run out of room in the playback buffer. */
                    if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback == 0) {
                        break;
                    }
                }


                /* If at this point we've run out of data we need to release the buffer. */
                if (mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback == 0 && pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback != NULL) {
                    hr = ma_IAudioRenderClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback, 0);
                    if (FAILED(hr)) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to release internal buffer from playback device after writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    /*printf("TRACE: Released playback buffer\n");*/
                    framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice += mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback;

                    pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback = NULL;
                    mappedDeviceBufferFramesRemainingPlayback = 0;
                    mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback    = 0;
                }

                if (!pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback) {
                    ma_uint32 startThreshold = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * 1;

                    /* Prevent a deadlock. If we don't clamp against the actual buffer size we'll never end up starting the playback device which will result in a deadlock. */
                    if (startThreshold > pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesPlayback) {
                        startThreshold = pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesPlayback;
                    }

                    if (pDevice->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive || framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice >= startThreshold) {
                        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Start((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            ma_IAudioClient_Stop((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
                            ma_IAudioClient_Reset((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
                            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to start internal playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                        }
                        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback, MA_TRUE);
                    }
                }
            } break;



            case ma_device_type_capture:
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            {
                ma_uint32 framesAvailableCapture;
                DWORD flagsCapture;    /* Passed to IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer(). */

                /* Wait for data to become available first. */
                if (WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventCapture, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED) {
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;   /* Wait failed. */
                }

                /* See how many frames are available. Since we waited at the top, I don't think this should ever return 0. I'm checking for this anyway. */
                result = ma_device__get_available_frames__wasapi(pDevice, (ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture, &framesAvailableCapture);
                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }

                if (framesAvailableCapture < pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesCapture) {
                    continue;   /* Nothing available. Keep waiting. */
                }

                /* Map the data buffer in preparation for sending to the client. */
                mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = framesAvailableCapture;
                hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, (BYTE**)&pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture, &flagsCapture, NULL, NULL);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve internal buffer from capture device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }

                /* Overrun detection. */
                if ((flagsCapture & MA_AUDCLNT_BUFFERFLAGS_DATA_DISCONTINUITY) != 0) {
                    /* Glitched. Probably due to an overrun. */
                #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                    printf("[WASAPI] Data discontinuity (possible overrun). framesAvailableCapture=%d, mappedBufferSizeInFramesCapture=%d\n", framesAvailableCapture, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                #endif

                    /*
                    Exeriment: If we get an overrun it probably means we're straddling the end of the buffer. In order to prevent a never-ending sequence of glitches let's experiment
                    by dropping every frame until we're left with only a single period. To do this we just keep retrieving and immediately releasing buffers until we're down to the
                    last period.
                    */
                    if (framesAvailableCapture >= pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesCapture) {
                    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                        printf("[WASAPI] Synchronizing capture stream. ");
                    #endif
                        do
                        {
                            hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                break;
                            }

                            framesAvailableCapture -= mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture;
                                    
                            if (framesAvailableCapture > 0) {
                                mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = ma_min(framesAvailableCapture, periodSizeInFramesCapture);
                                hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_GetBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, (BYTE**)&pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture, &flagsCapture, NULL, NULL);
                                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve internal buffer from capture device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                    break;
                                }
                            } else {
                                pMappedDeviceBufferCapture = NULL;
                                mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = 0;
                            }
                        } while (framesAvailableCapture > periodSizeInFramesCapture);
                    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                        printf("framesAvailableCapture=%d, mappedBufferSizeInFramesCapture=%d\n", framesAvailableCapture, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                    #endif
                    }
                } else {
                #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                    if (flagsCapture != 0) {
                        printf("[WASAPI] Capture Flags: %ld\n", flagsCapture);
                    }
                #endif
                }

                /* We should have a buffer at this point, but let's just do a sanity check anyway. */
                if (mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture > 0 && pMappedDeviceBufferCapture != NULL) {
                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture, pMappedDeviceBufferCapture);

                    /* At this point we're done with the buffer. */
                    hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
                    pMappedDeviceBufferCapture = NULL;    /* <-- Important. Not doing this can result in an error once we leave this loop because it will use this to know whether or not a final ReleaseBuffer() needs to be called. */
                    mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture = 0;
                    if (FAILED(hr)) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to release internal buffer from capture device after reading from the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            } break;



            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                ma_uint32 framesAvailablePlayback;

                /* Wait for space to become available first. */
                if (WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback, INFINITE) == WAIT_FAILED) {
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;   /* Wait failed. */
                }

                /* Check how much space is available. If this returns 0 we just keep waiting. */
                result = ma_device__get_available_frames__wasapi(pDevice, (ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, &framesAvailablePlayback);
                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }

                if (framesAvailablePlayback < pDevice->wasapi.periodSizeInFramesPlayback) {
                    continue;   /* No space available. */
                }

                /* Map a the data buffer in preparation for the callback. */
                hr = ma_IAudioRenderClient_GetBuffer((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient, framesAvailablePlayback, &pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to retrieve internal buffer from playback device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }

                /* We should have a buffer at this point. */
                ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesAvailablePlayback, pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback);

                /* At this point we're done writing to the device and we just need to release the buffer. */
                hr = ma_IAudioRenderClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient, framesAvailablePlayback, 0);
                pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback = NULL;    /* <-- Important. Not doing this can result in an error once we leave this loop because it will use this to know whether or not a final ReleaseBuffer() needs to be called. */
                mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback = 0;

                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to release internal buffer from playback device after writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }

                framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice += framesAvailablePlayback;
                if (!pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback) {
                    if (pDevice->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive || framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice >= pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*1) {
                        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Start((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to start internal playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback, MA_TRUE);
                    }
                }
            } break;

            default: return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        }
    }

    /* Here is where the device needs to be stopped. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        /* Any mapped buffers need to be released. */
        if (pMappedDeviceBufferCapture != NULL) {
            hr = ma_IAudioCaptureClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioCaptureClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pCaptureClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesCapture);
        }

        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Stop((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to stop internal capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        /* The audio client needs to be reset otherwise restarting will fail. */
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Reset((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientCapture);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to reset internal capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedCapture, MA_FALSE);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        /* Any mapped buffers need to be released. */
        if (pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback != NULL) {
            hr = ma_IAudioRenderClient_ReleaseBuffer((ma_IAudioRenderClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pRenderClient, mappedDeviceBufferSizeInFramesPlayback, 0);
        }

        /*
        The buffer needs to be drained before stopping the device. Not doing this will result in the last few frames not getting output to
        the speakers. This is a problem for very short sounds because it'll result in a significant portion of it not getting played.
        */
        if (pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback) {
            if (pDevice->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
                WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback, INFINITE);
            } else {
                ma_uint32 prevFramesAvaialablePlayback = (ma_uint32)-1;
                ma_uint32 framesAvailablePlayback;
                for (;;) {
                    result = ma_device__get_available_frames__wasapi(pDevice, (ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback, &framesAvailablePlayback);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        break;
                    }

                    if (framesAvailablePlayback >= pDevice->wasapi.actualPeriodSizeInFramesPlayback) {
                        break;
                    }

                    /*
                    Just a safety check to avoid an infinite loop. If this iteration results in a situation where the number of available frames
                    has not changed, get out of the loop. I don't think this should ever happen, but I think it's nice to have just in case.
                    */
                    if (framesAvailablePlayback == prevFramesAvaialablePlayback) {
                        break;
                    }
                    prevFramesAvaialablePlayback = framesAvailablePlayback;

                    WaitForSingleObject(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback, INFINITE);
                    ResetEvent(pDevice->wasapi.hEventPlayback); /* Manual reset. */
                }
            }
        }

        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Stop((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to stop internal playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        /* The audio client needs to be reset otherwise restarting will fail. */
        hr = ma_IAudioClient_Reset((ma_IAudioClient*)pDevice->wasapi.pAudioClientPlayback);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WASAPI] Failed to reset internal playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        c89atomic_exchange_32(&pDevice->wasapi.isStartedPlayback, MA_FALSE);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__wasapi(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_wasapi);
    (void)pContext;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__wasapi(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    /*
    WASAPI is only supported in Vista SP1 and newer. The reason for SP1 and not the base version of Vista is that event-driven
    exclusive mode does not work until SP1.

    Unfortunately older compilers don't define these functions so we need to dynamically load them in order to avoid a lin error.
    */
    {
        ma_OSVERSIONINFOEXW osvi;
        ma_handle kernel32DLL;
        ma_PFNVerifyVersionInfoW _VerifyVersionInfoW;
        ma_PFNVerSetConditionMask _VerSetConditionMask;

        kernel32DLL = ma_dlopen(pContext, "kernel32.dll");
        if (kernel32DLL == NULL) {
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        _VerifyVersionInfoW = (ma_PFNVerifyVersionInfoW)ma_dlsym(pContext, kernel32DLL, "VerifyVersionInfoW");
        _VerSetConditionMask = (ma_PFNVerSetConditionMask)ma_dlsym(pContext, kernel32DLL, "VerSetConditionMask");
        if (_VerifyVersionInfoW == NULL || _VerSetConditionMask == NULL) {
            ma_dlclose(pContext, kernel32DLL);
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&osvi);
        osvi.dwOSVersionInfoSize = sizeof(osvi);
        osvi.dwMajorVersion = ((MA_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA >> 8) & 0xFF);
        osvi.dwMinorVersion = ((MA_WIN32_WINNT_VISTA >> 0) & 0xFF);
        osvi.wServicePackMajor = 1;
        if (_VerifyVersionInfoW(&osvi, MA_VER_MAJORVERSION | MA_VER_MINORVERSION | MA_VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR, _VerSetConditionMask(_VerSetConditionMask(_VerSetConditionMask(0, MA_VER_MAJORVERSION, MA_VER_GREATER_EQUAL), MA_VER_MINORVERSION, MA_VER_GREATER_EQUAL), MA_VER_SERVICEPACKMAJOR, MA_VER_GREATER_EQUAL))) {
            result = MA_SUCCESS;
        } else {
            result = MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        ma_dlclose(pContext, kernel32DLL);
    }
#endif

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__wasapi;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__wasapi;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__wasapi;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__wasapi;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__wasapi;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__wasapi;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL;                      /* Not used. Started in onDeviceMainLoop. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = ma_device_stop__wasapi;    /* Required to ensure the capture event is signalled when stopping a loopback device while nothing is playing. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__wasapi;

    return result;
}
#endif

/******************************************************************************

DirectSound Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_DSOUND
/*#include <dsound.h>*/

static const GUID MA_GUID_IID_DirectSoundNotify = {0xb0210783, 0x89cd, 0x11d0, {0xaf, 0x08, 0x00, 0xa0, 0xc9, 0x25, 0xcd, 0x16}};

/* miniaudio only uses priority or exclusive modes. */
#define MA_DSSCL_NORMAL                 1
#define MA_DSSCL_PRIORITY               2
#define MA_DSSCL_EXCLUSIVE              3
#define MA_DSSCL_WRITEPRIMARY           4

#define MA_DSCAPS_PRIMARYMONO           0x00000001
#define MA_DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO         0x00000002
#define MA_DSCAPS_PRIMARY8BIT           0x00000004
#define MA_DSCAPS_PRIMARY16BIT          0x00000008
#define MA_DSCAPS_CONTINUOUSRATE        0x00000010
#define MA_DSCAPS_EMULDRIVER            0x00000020
#define MA_DSCAPS_CERTIFIED             0x00000040
#define MA_DSCAPS_SECONDARYMONO         0x00000100
#define MA_DSCAPS_SECONDARYSTEREO       0x00000200
#define MA_DSCAPS_SECONDARY8BIT         0x00000400
#define MA_DSCAPS_SECONDARY16BIT        0x00000800

#define MA_DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER        0x00000001
#define MA_DSBCAPS_STATIC               0x00000002
#define MA_DSBCAPS_LOCHARDWARE          0x00000004
#define MA_DSBCAPS_LOCSOFTWARE          0x00000008
#define MA_DSBCAPS_CTRL3D               0x00000010
#define MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLFREQUENCY        0x00000020
#define MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLPAN              0x00000040
#define MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLVOLUME           0x00000080
#define MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLPOSITIONNOTIFY   0x00000100
#define MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLFX               0x00000200
#define MA_DSBCAPS_STICKYFOCUS          0x00004000
#define MA_DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS          0x00008000
#define MA_DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2  0x00010000
#define MA_DSBCAPS_MUTE3DATMAXDISTANCE  0x00020000
#define MA_DSBCAPS_LOCDEFER             0x00040000
#define MA_DSBCAPS_TRUEPLAYPOSITION     0x00080000

#define MA_DSBPLAY_LOOPING              0x00000001
#define MA_DSBPLAY_LOCHARDWARE          0x00000002
#define MA_DSBPLAY_LOCSOFTWARE          0x00000004
#define MA_DSBPLAY_TERMINATEBY_TIME     0x00000008
#define MA_DSBPLAY_TERMINATEBY_DISTANCE 0x00000010
#define MA_DSBPLAY_TERMINATEBY_PRIORITY 0x00000020

#define MA_DSCBSTART_LOOPING            0x00000001

typedef struct
{
    DWORD dwSize;
    DWORD dwFlags;
    DWORD dwBufferBytes;
    DWORD dwReserved;
    WAVEFORMATEX* lpwfxFormat;
    GUID guid3DAlgorithm;
} MA_DSBUFFERDESC;

typedef struct
{
    DWORD dwSize;
    DWORD dwFlags;
    DWORD dwBufferBytes;
    DWORD dwReserved;
    WAVEFORMATEX* lpwfxFormat;
    DWORD dwFXCount;
    void* lpDSCFXDesc;  /* <-- miniaudio doesn't use this, so set to void*. */
} MA_DSCBUFFERDESC;

typedef struct
{
    DWORD dwSize;
    DWORD dwFlags;
    DWORD dwMinSecondarySampleRate;
    DWORD dwMaxSecondarySampleRate;
    DWORD dwPrimaryBuffers;
    DWORD dwMaxHwMixingAllBuffers;
    DWORD dwMaxHwMixingStaticBuffers;
    DWORD dwMaxHwMixingStreamingBuffers;
    DWORD dwFreeHwMixingAllBuffers;
    DWORD dwFreeHwMixingStaticBuffers;
    DWORD dwFreeHwMixingStreamingBuffers;
    DWORD dwMaxHw3DAllBuffers;
    DWORD dwMaxHw3DStaticBuffers;
    DWORD dwMaxHw3DStreamingBuffers;
    DWORD dwFreeHw3DAllBuffers;
    DWORD dwFreeHw3DStaticBuffers;
    DWORD dwFreeHw3DStreamingBuffers;
    DWORD dwTotalHwMemBytes;
    DWORD dwFreeHwMemBytes;
    DWORD dwMaxContigFreeHwMemBytes;
    DWORD dwUnlockTransferRateHwBuffers;
    DWORD dwPlayCpuOverheadSwBuffers;
    DWORD dwReserved1;
    DWORD dwReserved2;
} MA_DSCAPS;

typedef struct
{
    DWORD dwSize;
    DWORD dwFlags;
    DWORD dwBufferBytes;
    DWORD dwUnlockTransferRate;
    DWORD dwPlayCpuOverhead;
} MA_DSBCAPS;

typedef struct
{
    DWORD dwSize;
    DWORD dwFlags;
    DWORD dwFormats;
    DWORD dwChannels;
} MA_DSCCAPS;

typedef struct
{
    DWORD dwSize;
    DWORD dwFlags;
    DWORD dwBufferBytes;
    DWORD dwReserved;
} MA_DSCBCAPS;

typedef struct
{
    DWORD  dwOffset;
    HANDLE hEventNotify;
} MA_DSBPOSITIONNOTIFY;

typedef struct ma_IDirectSound              ma_IDirectSound;
typedef struct ma_IDirectSoundBuffer        ma_IDirectSoundBuffer;
typedef struct ma_IDirectSoundCapture       ma_IDirectSoundCapture;
typedef struct ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer;
typedef struct ma_IDirectSoundNotify        ma_IDirectSoundNotify;


/*
COM objects. The way these work is that you have a vtable (a list of function pointers, kind of
like how C++ works internally), and then you have a structure with a single member, which is a
pointer to the vtable. The vtable is where the methods of the object are defined. Methods need
to be in a specific order, and parent classes need to have their methods declared first.
*/

/* IDirectSound */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IDirectSound* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IDirectSound* pThis);

    /* IDirectSound */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * CreateSoundBuffer)   (ma_IDirectSound* pThis, const MA_DSBUFFERDESC* pDSBufferDesc, ma_IDirectSoundBuffer** ppDSBuffer, void* pUnkOuter);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCaps)             (ma_IDirectSound* pThis, MA_DSCAPS* pDSCaps);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * DuplicateSoundBuffer)(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pDSBufferOriginal, ma_IDirectSoundBuffer** ppDSBufferDuplicate);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetCooperativeLevel) (ma_IDirectSound* pThis, HWND hwnd, DWORD dwLevel);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Compact)             (ma_IDirectSound* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetSpeakerConfig)    (ma_IDirectSound* pThis, DWORD* pSpeakerConfig);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetSpeakerConfig)    (ma_IDirectSound* pThis, DWORD dwSpeakerConfig);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)          (ma_IDirectSound* pThis, const GUID* pGuidDevice);
} ma_IDirectSoundVtbl;
struct ma_IDirectSound
{
    ma_IDirectSoundVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_QueryInterface(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSound_AddRef(ma_IDirectSound* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSound_Release(ma_IDirectSound* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_CreateSoundBuffer(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, const MA_DSBUFFERDESC* pDSBufferDesc, ma_IDirectSoundBuffer** ppDSBuffer, void* pUnkOuter) { return pThis->lpVtbl->CreateSoundBuffer(pThis, pDSBufferDesc, ppDSBuffer, pUnkOuter); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_GetCaps(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, MA_DSCAPS* pDSCaps)                            { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCaps(pThis, pDSCaps); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_DuplicateSoundBuffer(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pDSBufferOriginal, ma_IDirectSoundBuffer** ppDSBufferDuplicate) { return pThis->lpVtbl->DuplicateSoundBuffer(pThis, pDSBufferOriginal, ppDSBufferDuplicate); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, HWND hwnd, DWORD dwLevel)          { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetCooperativeLevel(pThis, hwnd, dwLevel); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_Compact(ma_IDirectSound* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Compact(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_GetSpeakerConfig(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, DWORD* pSpeakerConfig)                { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetSpeakerConfig(pThis, pSpeakerConfig); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_SetSpeakerConfig(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, DWORD dwSpeakerConfig)                { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetSpeakerConfig(pThis, dwSpeakerConfig); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSound_Initialize(ma_IDirectSound* pThis, const GUID* pGuidDevice)                    { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, pGuidDevice); }


/* IDirectSoundBuffer */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis);

    /* IDirectSoundBuffer */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCaps)           (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, MA_DSBCAPS* pDSBufferCaps);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCurrentPosition)(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pCurrentPlayCursor, DWORD* pCurrentWriteCursor);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetFormat)         (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, DWORD dwSizeAllocated, DWORD* pSizeWritten);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetVolume)         (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG* pVolume);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetPan)            (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG* pPan);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetFrequency)      (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pFrequency);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetStatus)         (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pStatus);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)        (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, ma_IDirectSound* pDirectSound, const MA_DSBUFFERDESC* pDSBufferDesc);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Lock)              (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwOffset, DWORD dwBytes, void** ppAudioPtr1, DWORD* pAudioBytes1, void** ppAudioPtr2, DWORD* pAudioBytes2, DWORD dwFlags);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Play)              (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwReserved1, DWORD dwPriority, DWORD dwFlags);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetCurrentPosition)(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwNewPosition);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetFormat)         (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetVolume)         (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG volume);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetPan)            (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG pan);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetFrequency)      (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwFrequency);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Stop)              (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Unlock)            (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, void* pAudioPtr1, DWORD dwAudioBytes1, void* pAudioPtr2, DWORD dwAudioBytes2);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Restore)           (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis);
} ma_IDirectSoundBufferVtbl;
struct ma_IDirectSoundBuffer
{
    ma_IDirectSoundBufferVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_QueryInterface(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_AddRef(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Release(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCaps(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, MA_DSBCAPS* pDSBufferCaps)                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCaps(pThis, pDSBufferCaps); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCurrentPosition(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pCurrentPlayCursor, DWORD* pCurrentWriteCursor) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPosition(pThis, pCurrentPlayCursor, pCurrentWriteCursor); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetFormat(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, DWORD dwSizeAllocated, DWORD* pSizeWritten) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetFormat(pThis, pFormat, dwSizeAllocated, pSizeWritten); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetVolume(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG* pVolume)                               { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetVolume(pThis, pVolume); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetPan(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG* pPan)                                     { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetPan(pThis, pPan); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetFrequency(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pFrequency)                        { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetFrequency(pThis, pFrequency); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetStatus(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pStatus)                              { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetStatus(pThis, pStatus); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Initialize(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, ma_IDirectSound* pDirectSound, const MA_DSBUFFERDESC* pDSBufferDesc) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, pDirectSound, pDSBufferDesc); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Lock(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwOffset, DWORD dwBytes, void** ppAudioPtr1, DWORD* pAudioBytes1, void** ppAudioPtr2, DWORD* pAudioBytes2, DWORD dwFlags) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Lock(pThis, dwOffset, dwBytes, ppAudioPtr1, pAudioBytes1, ppAudioPtr2, pAudioBytes2, dwFlags); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Play(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwReserved1, DWORD dwPriority, DWORD dwFlags) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Play(pThis, dwReserved1, dwPriority, dwFlags); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetCurrentPosition(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwNewPosition)                { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetCurrentPosition(pThis, dwNewPosition); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetFormat(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, const WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat)                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetFormat(pThis, pFormat); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetVolume(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG volume)                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetVolume(pThis, volume); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetPan(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, LONG pan)                                       { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetPan(pThis, pan); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetFrequency(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwFrequency)                        { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetFrequency(pThis, dwFrequency); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Stop(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis)                                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->Stop(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Unlock(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis, void* pAudioPtr1, DWORD dwAudioBytes1, void* pAudioPtr2, DWORD dwAudioBytes2) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Unlock(pThis, pAudioPtr1, dwAudioBytes1, pAudioPtr2, dwAudioBytes2); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Restore(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Restore(pThis); }


/* IDirectSoundCapture */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis);

    /* IDirectSoundCapture */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * CreateCaptureBuffer)(ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, const MA_DSCBUFFERDESC* pDSCBufferDesc, ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer** ppDSCBuffer, void* pUnkOuter);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCaps)            (ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, MA_DSCCAPS* pDSCCaps);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)         (ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, const GUID* pGuidDevice);
} ma_IDirectSoundCaptureVtbl;
struct ma_IDirectSoundCapture
{
    ma_IDirectSoundCaptureVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCapture_QueryInterface(ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundCapture_AddRef(ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundCapture_Release(ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCapture_CreateCaptureBuffer(ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, const MA_DSCBUFFERDESC* pDSCBufferDesc, ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer** ppDSCBuffer, void* pUnkOuter) { return pThis->lpVtbl->CreateCaptureBuffer(pThis, pDSCBufferDesc, ppDSCBuffer, pUnkOuter); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCapture_GetCaps            (ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, MA_DSCCAPS* pDSCCaps)              { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCaps(pThis, pDSCCaps); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCapture_Initialize         (ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pThis, const GUID* pGuidDevice)           { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, pGuidDevice); }


/* IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis);

    /* IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCaps)           (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, MA_DSCBCAPS* pDSCBCaps);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetCurrentPosition)(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pCapturePosition, DWORD* pReadPosition);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetFormat)         (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, DWORD dwSizeAllocated, DWORD* pSizeWritten);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * GetStatus)         (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pStatus);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Initialize)        (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pDirectSoundCapture, const MA_DSCBUFFERDESC* pDSCBufferDesc);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Lock)              (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwOffset, DWORD dwBytes, void** ppAudioPtr1, DWORD* pAudioBytes1, void** ppAudioPtr2, DWORD* pAudioBytes2, DWORD dwFlags);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Start)             (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwFlags);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Stop)              (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis);
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Unlock)            (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, void* pAudioPtr1, DWORD dwAudioBytes1, void* pAudioPtr2, DWORD dwAudioBytes2);
} ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBufferVtbl;
struct ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer
{
    ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBufferVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_QueryInterface(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_AddRef(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Release(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetCaps(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, MA_DSCBCAPS* pDSCBCaps)                        { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCaps(pThis, pDSCBCaps); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetCurrentPosition(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pCapturePosition, DWORD* pReadPosition) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetCurrentPosition(pThis, pCapturePosition, pReadPosition); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetFormat(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, WAVEFORMATEX* pFormat, DWORD dwSizeAllocated, DWORD* pSizeWritten) { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetFormat(pThis, pFormat, dwSizeAllocated, pSizeWritten); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetStatus(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD* pStatus)                              { return pThis->lpVtbl->GetStatus(pThis, pStatus); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Initialize(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pDirectSoundCapture, const MA_DSCBUFFERDESC* pDSCBufferDesc) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Initialize(pThis, pDirectSoundCapture, pDSCBufferDesc); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Lock(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwOffset, DWORD dwBytes, void** ppAudioPtr1, DWORD* pAudioBytes1, void** ppAudioPtr2, DWORD* pAudioBytes2, DWORD dwFlags) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Lock(pThis, dwOffset, dwBytes, ppAudioPtr1, pAudioBytes1, ppAudioPtr2, pAudioBytes2, dwFlags); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Start(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, DWORD dwFlags)                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->Start(pThis, dwFlags); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis)                                                   { return pThis->lpVtbl->Stop(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Unlock(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer* pThis, void* pAudioPtr1, DWORD dwAudioBytes1, void* pAudioPtr2, DWORD dwAudioBytes2) { return pThis->lpVtbl->Unlock(pThis, pAudioPtr1, dwAudioBytes1, pAudioPtr2, dwAudioBytes2); }


/* IDirectSoundNotify */
typedef struct
{
    /* IUnknown */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * QueryInterface)(ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * AddRef)        (ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis);
    ULONG   (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * Release)       (ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis);

    /* IDirectSoundNotify */
    HRESULT (STDMETHODCALLTYPE * SetNotificationPositions)(ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis, DWORD dwPositionNotifies, const MA_DSBPOSITIONNOTIFY* pPositionNotifies);
} ma_IDirectSoundNotifyVtbl;
struct ma_IDirectSoundNotify
{
    ma_IDirectSoundNotifyVtbl* lpVtbl;
};
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundNotify_QueryInterface(ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis, const IID* const riid, void** ppObject) { return pThis->lpVtbl->QueryInterface(pThis, riid, ppObject); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundNotify_AddRef(ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis)                                                 { return pThis->lpVtbl->AddRef(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE ULONG   ma_IDirectSoundNotify_Release(ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis)                                                { return pThis->lpVtbl->Release(pThis); }
static MA_INLINE HRESULT ma_IDirectSoundNotify_SetNotificationPositions(ma_IDirectSoundNotify* pThis, DWORD dwPositionNotifies, const MA_DSBPOSITIONNOTIFY* pPositionNotifies) { return pThis->lpVtbl->SetNotificationPositions(pThis, dwPositionNotifies, pPositionNotifies); }


typedef BOOL    (CALLBACK * ma_DSEnumCallbackAProc)             (LPGUID pDeviceGUID, LPCSTR pDeviceDescription, LPCSTR pModule, LPVOID pContext);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI   * ma_DirectSoundCreateProc)           (const GUID* pcGuidDevice, ma_IDirectSound** ppDS8, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI   * ma_DirectSoundEnumerateAProc)       (ma_DSEnumCallbackAProc pDSEnumCallback, LPVOID pContext);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI   * ma_DirectSoundCaptureCreateProc)    (const GUID* pcGuidDevice, ma_IDirectSoundCapture** ppDSC8, LPUNKNOWN pUnkOuter);
typedef HRESULT (WINAPI   * ma_DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateAProc)(ma_DSEnumCallbackAProc pDSEnumCallback, LPVOID pContext);

static ma_uint32 ma_get_best_sample_rate_within_range(ma_uint32 sampleRateMin, ma_uint32 sampleRateMax)
{
    /* Normalize the range in case we were given something stupid. */
    if (sampleRateMin < MA_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE) {
        sampleRateMin = MA_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE;
    }
    if (sampleRateMax > MA_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE) {
        sampleRateMax = MA_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE;
    }
    if (sampleRateMin > sampleRateMax) {
        sampleRateMin = sampleRateMax;
    }

    if (sampleRateMin == sampleRateMax) {
        return sampleRateMax;
    } else {
        size_t iStandardRate;
        for (iStandardRate = 0; iStandardRate < ma_countof(g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities); ++iStandardRate) {
            ma_uint32 standardRate = g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[iStandardRate];
            if (standardRate >= sampleRateMin && standardRate <= sampleRateMax) {
                return standardRate;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

/*
Retrieves the channel count and channel map for the given speaker configuration. If the speaker configuration is unknown,
the channel count and channel map will be left unmodified.
*/
static void ma_get_channels_from_speaker_config__dsound(DWORD speakerConfig, WORD* pChannelsOut, DWORD* pChannelMapOut)
{
    WORD  channels;
    DWORD channelMap;

    channels = 0;
    if (pChannelsOut != NULL) {
        channels = *pChannelsOut;
    }

    channelMap = 0;
    if (pChannelMapOut != NULL) {
        channelMap = *pChannelMapOut;
    }

    /*
    The speaker configuration is a combination of speaker config and speaker geometry. The lower 8 bits is what we care about. The upper
    16 bits is for the geometry.
    */
    switch ((BYTE)(speakerConfig)) {
        case 1 /*DSSPEAKER_HEADPHONE*/:                          channels = 2; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT; break;
        case 2 /*DSSPEAKER_MONO*/:                               channels = 1; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER; break;
        case 3 /*DSSPEAKER_QUAD*/:                               channels = 4; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT | SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT | SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT; break;
        case 4 /*DSSPEAKER_STEREO*/:                             channels = 2; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT; break;
        case 5 /*DSSPEAKER_SURROUND*/:                           channels = 4; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT | SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER | SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER; break;
        case 6 /*DSSPEAKER_5POINT1_BACK*/ /*DSSPEAKER_5POINT1*/: channels = 6; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT | SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER | SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY | SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT | SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT; break;
        case 7 /*DSSPEAKER_7POINT1_WIDE*/ /*DSSPEAKER_7POINT1*/: channels = 8; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT | SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER | SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY | SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT | SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT | SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER; break;
        case 8 /*DSSPEAKER_7POINT1_SURROUND*/:                   channels = 8; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT | SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER | SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY | SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT | SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT | SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT | SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT; break;
        case 9 /*DSSPEAKER_5POINT1_SURROUND*/:                   channels = 6; channelMap = SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT | SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER | SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY | SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT | SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT; break;
        default: break;
    }

    if (pChannelsOut != NULL) {
        *pChannelsOut = channels;
    }

    if (pChannelMapOut != NULL) {
        *pChannelMapOut = channelMap;
    }
}


static ma_result ma_context_create_IDirectSound__dsound(ma_context* pContext, ma_share_mode shareMode, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_IDirectSound** ppDirectSound)
{
    ma_IDirectSound* pDirectSound;
    HWND hWnd;
    HRESULT hr;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppDirectSound != NULL);

    *ppDirectSound = NULL;
    pDirectSound = NULL;

    if (FAILED(((ma_DirectSoundCreateProc)pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCreate)((pDeviceID == NULL) ? NULL : (const GUID*)pDeviceID->dsound, &pDirectSound, NULL))) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] DirectSoundCreate() failed for playback device.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }

    /* The cooperative level must be set before doing anything else. */
    hWnd = ((MA_PFN_GetForegroundWindow)pContext->win32.GetForegroundWindow)();
    if (hWnd == NULL) {
        hWnd = ((MA_PFN_GetDesktopWindow)pContext->win32.GetDesktopWindow)();
    }

    hr = ma_IDirectSound_SetCooperativeLevel(pDirectSound, hWnd, (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ? MA_DSSCL_EXCLUSIVE : MA_DSSCL_PRIORITY);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSound_SetCooperateiveLevel() failed for playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    *ppDirectSound = pDirectSound;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_create_IDirectSoundCapture__dsound(ma_context* pContext, ma_share_mode shareMode, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_IDirectSoundCapture** ppDirectSoundCapture)
{
    ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pDirectSoundCapture;
    HRESULT hr;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppDirectSoundCapture != NULL);

    /* DirectSound does not support exclusive mode for capture. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    *ppDirectSoundCapture = NULL;
    pDirectSoundCapture = NULL;

    hr = ((ma_DirectSoundCaptureCreateProc)pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCaptureCreate)((pDeviceID == NULL) ? NULL : (const GUID*)pDeviceID->dsound, &pDirectSoundCapture, NULL);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] DirectSoundCaptureCreate() failed for capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    *ppDirectSoundCapture = pDirectSoundCapture;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_format_info_for_IDirectSoundCapture__dsound(ma_context* pContext, ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pDirectSoundCapture, WORD* pChannels, WORD* pBitsPerSample, DWORD* pSampleRate)
{
    HRESULT hr;
    MA_DSCCAPS caps;
    WORD bitsPerSample;
    DWORD sampleRate;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDirectSoundCapture != NULL);

    if (pChannels) {
        *pChannels = 0;
    }
    if (pBitsPerSample) {
        *pBitsPerSample = 0;
    }
    if (pSampleRate) {
        *pSampleRate = 0;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);
    caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
    hr = ma_IDirectSoundCapture_GetCaps(pDirectSoundCapture, &caps);
    if (FAILED(hr)) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundCapture_GetCaps() failed for capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
    }

    if (pChannels) {
        *pChannels = (WORD)caps.dwChannels;
    }

    /* The device can support multiple formats. We just go through the different formats in order of priority and pick the first one. This the same type of system as the WinMM backend. */
    bitsPerSample = 16;
    sampleRate = 48000;

    if (caps.dwChannels == 1) {
        if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 48000;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 44100;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 22050;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 11025;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 96000;
        } else {
            bitsPerSample = 8;
            if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 48000;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 44100;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 22050;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 11025;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 96000;
            } else {
                bitsPerSample = 16;  /* Didn't find it. Just fall back to 16-bit. */
            }
        }
    } else if (caps.dwChannels == 2) {
        if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 48000;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 44100;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 22050;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 11025;
        } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 96000;
        } else {
            bitsPerSample = 8;
            if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 48000;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 44100;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 22050;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 11025;
            } else if ((caps.dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 96000;
            } else {
                bitsPerSample = 16;  /* Didn't find it. Just fall back to 16-bit. */
            }
        }
    }

    if (pBitsPerSample) {
        *pBitsPerSample = bitsPerSample;
    }
    if (pSampleRate) {
        *pSampleRate = sampleRate;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__dsound(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return memcmp(pID0->dsound, pID1->dsound, sizeof(pID0->dsound)) == 0;
}


typedef struct
{
    ma_context* pContext;
    ma_device_type deviceType;
    ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback;
    void* pUserData;
    ma_bool32 terminated;
} ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__dsound;

static BOOL CALLBACK ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback__dsound(LPGUID lpGuid, LPCSTR lpcstrDescription, LPCSTR lpcstrModule, LPVOID lpContext)
{
    ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__dsound* pData = (ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__dsound*)lpContext;
    ma_device_info deviceInfo;    

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);

    /* ID. */
    if (lpGuid != NULL) {
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(deviceInfo.id.dsound, lpGuid, 16);
    } else {
        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(deviceInfo.id.dsound, 16);
    }

    /* Name / Description */
    ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), lpcstrDescription, (size_t)-1);


    /* Call the callback function, but make sure we stop enumerating if the callee requested so. */
    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);
    pData->terminated = !pData->callback(pData->pContext, pData->deviceType, &deviceInfo, pData->pUserData);
    if (pData->terminated) {
        return FALSE;   /* Stop enumeration. */
    } else {
        return TRUE;    /* Continue enumeration. */
    }

    (void)lpcstrModule;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__dsound(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__dsound data;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    data.pContext = pContext;
    data.callback = callback;
    data.pUserData = pUserData;
    data.terminated = MA_FALSE;

    /* Playback. */
    if (!data.terminated) {
        data.deviceType = ma_device_type_playback;
        ((ma_DirectSoundEnumerateAProc)pContext->dsound.DirectSoundEnumerateA)(ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback__dsound, &data);
    }

    /* Capture. */
    if (!data.terminated) {
        data.deviceType = ma_device_type_capture;
        ((ma_DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateAProc)pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateA)(ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback__dsound, &data);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


typedef struct
{
    const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
    ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo;
    ma_bool32 found;
} ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__dsound;

static BOOL CALLBACK ma_context_get_device_info_callback__dsound(LPGUID lpGuid, LPCSTR lpcstrDescription, LPCSTR lpcstrModule, LPVOID lpContext)
{
    ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__dsound* pData = (ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__dsound*)lpContext;
    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);

    if ((pData->pDeviceID == NULL || ma_is_guid_equal(pData->pDeviceID->dsound, &MA_GUID_NULL)) && (lpGuid == NULL || ma_is_guid_equal(lpGuid, &MA_GUID_NULL))) {
        /* Default device. */
        ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->name), lpcstrDescription, (size_t)-1);
        pData->found = MA_TRUE;
        return FALSE;   /* Stop enumeration. */
    } else {
        /* Not the default device. */
        if (lpGuid != NULL && pData->pDeviceID != NULL) {
            if (memcmp(pData->pDeviceID->dsound, lpGuid, sizeof(pData->pDeviceID->dsound)) == 0) {
                ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->name), lpcstrDescription, (size_t)-1);
                pData->found = MA_TRUE;
                return FALSE;   /* Stop enumeration. */
            }
        }
    }

    (void)lpcstrModule;
    return TRUE;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__dsound(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_result result;
    HRESULT hr;

    /* Exclusive mode and capture not supported with DirectSound. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture && shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__dsound data;

        /* ID. */
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDeviceInfo->id.dsound, pDeviceID->dsound, 16);

        /* Name / Description. This is retrieved by enumerating over each device until we find that one that matches the input ID. */
        data.pDeviceID = pDeviceID;
        data.pDeviceInfo = pDeviceInfo;
        data.found = MA_FALSE;
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            ((ma_DirectSoundEnumerateAProc)pContext->dsound.DirectSoundEnumerateA)(ma_context_get_device_info_callback__dsound, &data);
        } else {
            ((ma_DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateAProc)pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateA)(ma_context_get_device_info_callback__dsound, &data);
        }

        if (!data.found) {
            return MA_NO_DEVICE;
        }
    } else {
        /* I don't think there's a way to get the name of the default device with DirectSound. In this case we just need to use defaults. */

        /* ID */
        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDeviceInfo->id.dsound, 16);

        /* Name / Description */
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        } else {
            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        }
    }

    /* Retrieving detailed information is slightly different depending on the device type. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        /* Playback. */
        ma_IDirectSound* pDirectSound;
        MA_DSCAPS caps;
        ma_uint32 iFormat;

        result = ma_context_create_IDirectSound__dsound(pContext, shareMode, pDeviceID, &pDirectSound);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);
        caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
        hr = ma_IDirectSound_GetCaps(pDirectSound, &caps);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSound_GetCaps() failed for playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        if ((caps.dwFlags & MA_DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO) != 0) {
            /* It supports at least stereo, but could support more. */
            WORD channels = 2;

            /* Look at the speaker configuration to get a better idea on the channel count. */
            DWORD speakerConfig;
            hr = ma_IDirectSound_GetSpeakerConfig(pDirectSound, &speakerConfig);
            if (SUCCEEDED(hr)) {
                ma_get_channels_from_speaker_config__dsound(speakerConfig, &channels, NULL);
            }

            pDeviceInfo->minChannels = channels;
            pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = channels;
        } else {
            /* It does not support stereo, which means we are stuck with mono. */
            pDeviceInfo->minChannels = 1;
            pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = 1;
        }

        /* Sample rate. */
        if ((caps.dwFlags & MA_DSCAPS_CONTINUOUSRATE) != 0) {
            pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = caps.dwMinSecondarySampleRate;
            pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate;

            /*
            On my machine the min and max sample rates can return 100 and 200000 respectively. I'd rather these be within
            the range of our standard sample rates so I'm clamping.
            */
            if (caps.dwMinSecondarySampleRate < MA_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE && caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate >= MA_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE) {
                pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = MA_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE;
            }
            if (caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate > MA_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE && caps.dwMinSecondarySampleRate <= MA_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE) {
                pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = MA_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE;
            }
        } else {
            /* Only supports a single sample rate. Set both min an max to the same thing. Do not clamp within the standard rates. */
            pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate;
            pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate;
        }

        /* DirectSound can support all formats. */
        pDeviceInfo->formatCount = ma_format_count - 1;    /* Minus one because we don't want to include ma_format_unknown. */
        for (iFormat = 0; iFormat < pDeviceInfo->formatCount; ++iFormat) {
            pDeviceInfo->formats[iFormat] = (ma_format)(iFormat + 1);  /* +1 to skip over ma_format_unknown. */
        }

        ma_IDirectSound_Release(pDirectSound);
    } else {
        /*
        Capture. This is a little different to playback due to the say the supported formats are reported. Technically capture
        devices can support a number of different formats, but for simplicity and consistency with ma_device_init() I'm just
        reporting the best format.
        */
        ma_IDirectSoundCapture* pDirectSoundCapture;
        WORD channels;
        WORD bitsPerSample;
        DWORD sampleRate;

        result = ma_context_create_IDirectSoundCapture__dsound(pContext, shareMode, pDeviceID, &pDirectSoundCapture);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        result = ma_context_get_format_info_for_IDirectSoundCapture__dsound(pContext, pDirectSoundCapture, &channels, &bitsPerSample, &sampleRate);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_IDirectSoundCapture_Release(pDirectSoundCapture);
            return result;
        }

        pDeviceInfo->minChannels = channels;
        pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = channels;
        pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = sampleRate;
        pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = sampleRate;
        pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
        if (bitsPerSample == 8) {
            pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_u8;
        } else if (bitsPerSample == 16) {
            pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s16;
        } else if (bitsPerSample == 24) {
            pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s24;
        } else if (bitsPerSample == 32) {
            pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s32;
        } else {
            ma_IDirectSoundCapture_Release(pDirectSoundCapture);
            return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        }

        ma_IDirectSoundCapture_Release(pDirectSoundCapture);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}



static void ma_device_uninit__dsound(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer != NULL) {
        ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Release((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer);
    }
    if (pDevice->dsound.pCapture != NULL) {
        ma_IDirectSoundCapture_Release((ma_IDirectSoundCapture*)pDevice->dsound.pCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer != NULL) {
        ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Release((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer);
    }
    if (pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackPrimaryBuffer != NULL) {
        ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Release((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackPrimaryBuffer);
    }
    if (pDevice->dsound.pPlayback != NULL) {
        ma_IDirectSound_Release((ma_IDirectSound*)pDevice->dsound.pPlayback);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_config_to_WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, const ma_channel* pChannelMap, WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* pWF)
{
    GUID subformat;

    switch (format)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        case ma_format_s16:
        case ma_format_s24:
        /*case ma_format_s24_32:*/
        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            subformat = MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;
        } break;

        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            subformat = MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_IEEE_FLOAT;
        } break;

        default:
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pWF);
    pWF->Format.cbSize               = sizeof(*pWF);
    pWF->Format.wFormatTag           = WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE;
    pWF->Format.nChannels            = (WORD)channels;
    pWF->Format.nSamplesPerSec       = (DWORD)sampleRate;
    pWF->Format.wBitsPerSample       = (WORD)(ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format)*8);
    pWF->Format.nBlockAlign          = (WORD)(pWF->Format.nChannels * pWF->Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
    pWF->Format.nAvgBytesPerSec      = pWF->Format.nBlockAlign * pWF->Format.nSamplesPerSec;
    pWF->Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = pWF->Format.wBitsPerSample;
    pWF->dwChannelMask               = ma_channel_map_to_channel_mask__win32(pChannelMap, channels);
    pWF->SubFormat                   = subformat;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__dsound(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    HRESULT hr;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->dsound);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    periodSizeInMilliseconds = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    if (periodSizeInMilliseconds == 0) {
        periodSizeInMilliseconds = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_milliseconds_from_frames(pConfig->periodSizeInFrames, pConfig->sampleRate);
    }
    
    /* DirectSound should use a latency of about 20ms per period for low latency mode. */
    if (pDevice->usingDefaultBufferSize) {
        if (pConfig->performanceProfile == ma_performance_profile_low_latency) {
            periodSizeInMilliseconds =  20;
        } else {
            periodSizeInMilliseconds = 200;
        }
    }

    /* DirectSound breaks down with tiny buffer sizes (bad glitching and silent output). I am therefore restricting the size of the buffer to a minimum of 20 milliseconds. */
    if (periodSizeInMilliseconds < 20) {
        periodSizeInMilliseconds = 20;
    }

    /*
    Unfortunately DirectSound uses different APIs and data structures for playback and catpure devices. We need to initialize
    the capture device first because we'll want to match it's buffer size and period count on the playback side if we're using
    full-duplex mode.
    */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE wf;
        MA_DSCBUFFERDESC descDS;
        ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;
        char rawdata[1024]; /* <-- Ugly hack to avoid a malloc() due to a crappy DirectSound API. */
        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* pActualFormat;

        result = ma_config_to_WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE(pConfig->capture.format, pConfig->capture.channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->capture.channelMap, &wf);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        result = ma_context_create_IDirectSoundCapture__dsound(pContext, pConfig->capture.shareMode, pConfig->capture.pDeviceID, (ma_IDirectSoundCapture**)&pDevice->dsound.pCapture);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return result;
        }

        result = ma_context_get_format_info_for_IDirectSoundCapture__dsound(pContext, (ma_IDirectSoundCapture*)pDevice->dsound.pCapture, &wf.Format.nChannels, &wf.Format.wBitsPerSample, &wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return result;
        }

        wf.Format.nBlockAlign          = (WORD)(wf.Format.nChannels * wf.Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
        wf.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec      = wf.Format.nBlockAlign * wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec;
        wf.Samples.wValidBitsPerSample = wf.Format.wBitsPerSample;
        wf.SubFormat                   = MA_GUID_KSDATAFORMAT_SUBTYPE_PCM;

        /* The size of the buffer must be a clean multiple of the period count. */
        periodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(periodSizeInMilliseconds, wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec);

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&descDS);
        descDS.dwSize = sizeof(descDS);
        descDS.dwFlags = 0;
        descDS.dwBufferBytes = periodSizeInFrames * pConfig->periods * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, wf.Format.nChannels);
        descDS.lpwfxFormat = (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf;
        hr = ma_IDirectSoundCapture_CreateCaptureBuffer((ma_IDirectSoundCapture*)pDevice->dsound.pCapture, &descDS, (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer**)&pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundCapture_CreateCaptureBuffer() failed for capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        /* Get the _actual_ properties of the buffer. */
        pActualFormat = (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE*)rawdata;
        hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetFormat((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, (WAVEFORMATEX*)pActualFormat, sizeof(rawdata), NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to retrieve the actual format of the capture device's buffer.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat = ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX((WAVEFORMATEX*)pActualFormat);
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels = pActualFormat->Format.nChannels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate = pActualFormat->Format.nSamplesPerSec;

        /* Get the internal channel map based on the channel mask. */
        if (pActualFormat->Format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
            ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__win32(pActualFormat->dwChannelMask, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        } else {
            ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__win32(wf.dwChannelMask, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        }

        /*
        After getting the actual format the size of the buffer in frames may have actually changed. However, we want this to be as close to what the
        user has asked for as possible, so let's go ahead and release the old capture buffer and create a new one in this case.
        */
        if (periodSizeInFrames != (descDS.dwBufferBytes / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels) / pConfig->periods)) {
            descDS.dwBufferBytes = periodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, wf.Format.nChannels) * pConfig->periods;
            ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Release((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer);

            hr = ma_IDirectSoundCapture_CreateCaptureBuffer((ma_IDirectSoundCapture*)pDevice->dsound.pCapture, &descDS, (ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer**)&pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, NULL);
            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Second attempt at IDirectSoundCapture_CreateCaptureBuffer() failed for capture device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
            }
        }

        /* DirectSound should give us a buffer exactly the size we asked for. */
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE wf;
        MA_DSBUFFERDESC descDSPrimary;
        MA_DSCAPS caps;
        char rawdata[1024]; /* <-- Ugly hack to avoid a malloc() due to a crappy DirectSound API. */
        WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE* pActualFormat;
        ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;
        MA_DSBUFFERDESC descDS;

        result = ma_config_to_WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE(pConfig->playback.format, pConfig->playback.channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->playback.channelMap, &wf);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        result = ma_context_create_IDirectSound__dsound(pContext, pConfig->playback.shareMode, pConfig->playback.pDeviceID, (ma_IDirectSound**)&pDevice->dsound.pPlayback);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return result;
        }

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&descDSPrimary);
        descDSPrimary.dwSize  = sizeof(MA_DSBUFFERDESC);
        descDSPrimary.dwFlags = MA_DSBCAPS_PRIMARYBUFFER | MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLVOLUME;
        hr = ma_IDirectSound_CreateSoundBuffer((ma_IDirectSound*)pDevice->dsound.pPlayback, &descDSPrimary, (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer**)&pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackPrimaryBuffer, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSound_CreateSoundBuffer() failed for playback device's primary buffer.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }


        /* We may want to make some adjustments to the format if we are using defaults. */
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);
        caps.dwSize = sizeof(caps);
        hr = ma_IDirectSound_GetCaps((ma_IDirectSound*)pDevice->dsound.pPlayback, &caps);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSound_GetCaps() failed for playback device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        if (pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels) {
            if ((caps.dwFlags & MA_DSCAPS_PRIMARYSTEREO) != 0) {
                DWORD speakerConfig;

                /* It supports at least stereo, but could support more. */
                wf.Format.nChannels = 2;

                /* Look at the speaker configuration to get a better idea on the channel count. */
                if (SUCCEEDED(ma_IDirectSound_GetSpeakerConfig((ma_IDirectSound*)pDevice->dsound.pPlayback, &speakerConfig))) {
                    ma_get_channels_from_speaker_config__dsound(speakerConfig, &wf.Format.nChannels, &wf.dwChannelMask);
                }
            } else {
                /* It does not support stereo, which means we are stuck with mono. */
                wf.Format.nChannels = 1;
            }
        }

        if (pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate) {
            /* We base the sample rate on the values returned by GetCaps(). */
            if ((caps.dwFlags & MA_DSCAPS_CONTINUOUSRATE) != 0) {
                wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec = ma_get_best_sample_rate_within_range(caps.dwMinSecondarySampleRate, caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate);
            } else {
                wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec = caps.dwMaxSecondarySampleRate;
            }
        }

        wf.Format.nBlockAlign     = (WORD)(wf.Format.nChannels * wf.Format.wBitsPerSample / 8);
        wf.Format.nAvgBytesPerSec = wf.Format.nBlockAlign * wf.Format.nSamplesPerSec;

        /*
        From MSDN:
        
        The method succeeds even if the hardware does not support the requested format; DirectSound sets the buffer to the closest
        supported format. To determine whether this has happened, an application can call the GetFormat method for the primary buffer
        and compare the result with the format that was requested with the SetFormat method.
        */
        hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetFormat((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackPrimaryBuffer, (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to set format of playback device's primary buffer.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        /* Get the _actual_ properties of the buffer. */
        pActualFormat = (WAVEFORMATEXTENSIBLE*)rawdata;
        hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetFormat((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackPrimaryBuffer, (WAVEFORMATEX*)pActualFormat, sizeof(rawdata), NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to retrieve the actual format of the playback device's primary buffer.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat = ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX((WAVEFORMATEX*)pActualFormat);
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels = pActualFormat->Format.nChannels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate = pActualFormat->Format.nSamplesPerSec;

        /* Get the internal channel map based on the channel mask. */
        if (pActualFormat->Format.wFormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
            ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__win32(pActualFormat->dwChannelMask, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        } else {
            ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__win32(wf.dwChannelMask, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        }

        /* The size of the buffer must be a clean multiple of the period count. */
        periodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(periodSizeInMilliseconds, pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate);

        /*
        Meaning of dwFlags (from MSDN):
        
        DSBCAPS_CTRLPOSITIONNOTIFY
          The buffer has position notification capability.
        
        DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS
          With this flag set, an application using DirectSound can continue to play its buffers if the user switches focus to
          another application, even if the new application uses DirectSound.
        
        DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2
          In the first version of DirectSound, the play cursor was significantly ahead of the actual playing sound on emulated
          sound cards; it was directly behind the write cursor. Now, if the DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2 flag is specified, the
          application can get a more accurate play cursor.
        */
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&descDS);
        descDS.dwSize = sizeof(descDS);
        descDS.dwFlags = MA_DSBCAPS_CTRLPOSITIONNOTIFY | MA_DSBCAPS_GLOBALFOCUS | MA_DSBCAPS_GETCURRENTPOSITION2;
        descDS.dwBufferBytes = periodSizeInFrames * pConfig->periods * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
        descDS.lpwfxFormat = (WAVEFORMATEX*)&wf;
        hr = ma_IDirectSound_CreateSoundBuffer((ma_IDirectSound*)pDevice->dsound.pPlayback, &descDS, (ma_IDirectSoundBuffer**)&pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, NULL);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            ma_device_uninit__dsound(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSound_CreateSoundBuffer() failed for playback device's secondary buffer.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        /* DirectSound should give us a buffer exactly the size we asked for. */
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
    }

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__dsound(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_uint32 bpfDeviceCapture  = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
    ma_uint32 bpfDevicePlayback = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
    HRESULT hr;
    DWORD lockOffsetInBytesCapture;
    DWORD lockSizeInBytesCapture;
    DWORD mappedSizeInBytesCapture;
    DWORD mappedDeviceFramesProcessedCapture;
    void* pMappedDeviceBufferCapture;
    DWORD lockOffsetInBytesPlayback;
    DWORD lockSizeInBytesPlayback;
    DWORD mappedSizeInBytesPlayback;
    void* pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback;
    DWORD prevReadCursorInBytesCapture = 0;
    DWORD prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback = 0;
    ma_bool32 physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback = 0;
    DWORD virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback = 0;
    ma_bool32 virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback = 0;
    ma_bool32 isPlaybackDeviceStarted = MA_FALSE;
    ma_uint32 framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice = 0;   /* For knowing whether or not the playback device needs to be started. */
    ma_uint32 waitTimeInMilliseconds = 1;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* The first thing to do is start the capture device. The playback device is only started after the first period is written. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (FAILED(ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Start((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, MA_DSCBSTART_LOOPING))) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Start() failed.", MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE);
        }
    }
    
    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                DWORD physicalCaptureCursorInBytes;
                DWORD physicalReadCursorInBytes;
                hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetCurrentPosition((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, &physicalCaptureCursorInBytes, &physicalReadCursorInBytes);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    return ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr);
                }

                /* If nothing is available we just sleep for a bit and return from this iteration. */
                if (physicalReadCursorInBytes == prevReadCursorInBytesCapture) {
                    ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
                    continue; /* Nothing is available in the capture buffer. */
                }

                /*
                The current position has moved. We need to map all of the captured samples and write them to the playback device, making sure
                we don't return until every frame has been copied over.
                */
                if (prevReadCursorInBytesCapture < physicalReadCursorInBytes) {
                    /* The capture position has not looped. This is the simple case. */
                    lockOffsetInBytesCapture = prevReadCursorInBytesCapture;
                    lockSizeInBytesCapture   = (physicalReadCursorInBytes - prevReadCursorInBytesCapture);
                } else {
                    /*
                    The capture position has looped. This is the more complex case. Map to the end of the buffer. If this does not return anything,
                    do it again from the start.
                    */
                    if (prevReadCursorInBytesCapture < pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*bpfDeviceCapture) {
                        /* Lock up to the end of the buffer. */
                        lockOffsetInBytesCapture = prevReadCursorInBytesCapture;
                        lockSizeInBytesCapture   = (pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*bpfDeviceCapture) - prevReadCursorInBytesCapture;
                    } else {
                        /* Lock starting from the start of the buffer. */
                        lockOffsetInBytesCapture = 0;
                        lockSizeInBytesCapture   = physicalReadCursorInBytes;
                    }
                }

                if (lockSizeInBytesCapture == 0) {
                    ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
                    continue; /* Nothing is available in the capture buffer. */
                }

                hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Lock((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, lockOffsetInBytesCapture, lockSizeInBytesCapture, &pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &mappedSizeInBytesCapture, NULL, NULL, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to map buffer from capture device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                }


                /* At this point we have some input data that we need to output. We do not return until every mapped frame of the input data is written to the playback device. */
                mappedDeviceFramesProcessedCapture = 0;

                for (;;) {  /* Keep writing to the playback device. */
                    ma_uint8  inputFramesInClientFormat[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 inputFramesInClientFormatCap = sizeof(inputFramesInClientFormat) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                    ma_uint8  outputFramesInClientFormat[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 outputFramesInClientFormatCap = sizeof(outputFramesInClientFormat) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                    ma_uint32 outputFramesInClientFormatCount;
                    ma_uint32 outputFramesInClientFormatConsumed = 0;
                    ma_uint64 clientCapturedFramesToProcess = ma_min(inputFramesInClientFormatCap, outputFramesInClientFormatCap);
                    ma_uint64 deviceCapturedFramesToProcess = (mappedSizeInBytesCapture / bpfDeviceCapture) - mappedDeviceFramesProcessedCapture;
                    void* pRunningMappedDeviceBufferCapture = ma_offset_ptr(pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, mappedDeviceFramesProcessedCapture * bpfDeviceCapture);

                    result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &deviceCapturedFramesToProcess, inputFramesInClientFormat, &clientCapturedFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        break;
                    }

                    outputFramesInClientFormatCount     = (ma_uint32)clientCapturedFramesToProcess;
                    mappedDeviceFramesProcessedCapture += (ma_uint32)deviceCapturedFramesToProcess;

                    ma_device__on_data(pDevice, outputFramesInClientFormat, inputFramesInClientFormat, (ma_uint32)clientCapturedFramesToProcess);

                    /* At this point we have input and output data in client format. All we need to do now is convert it to the output device format. This may take a few passes. */
                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisIteration;
                        DWORD physicalPlayCursorInBytes;
                        DWORD physicalWriteCursorInBytes;
                        DWORD availableBytesPlayback;
                        DWORD silentPaddingInBytes = 0; /* <-- Must be initialized to 0. */

                        /* We need the physical play and write cursors. */
                        if (FAILED(ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCurrentPosition((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, &physicalPlayCursorInBytes, &physicalWriteCursorInBytes))) {
                            break;
                        }

                        if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes < prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                            physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback = !physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback;
                        }
                        prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback  = physicalPlayCursorInBytes;

                        /* If there's any bytes available for writing we can do that now. The space between the virtual cursor position and play cursor. */
                        if (physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback == virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback) {
                            /* Same loop iteration. The available bytes wraps all the way around from the virtual write cursor to the physical play cursor. */
                            if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes <= virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                                availableBytesPlayback  = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                                availableBytesPlayback += physicalPlayCursorInBytes;    /* Wrap around. */
                            } else {
                                /* This is an error. */
                            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                                printf("[DirectSound] (Duplex/Playback) WARNING: Play cursor has moved in front of the write cursor (same loop iterations). physicalPlayCursorInBytes=%ld, virtualWriteCursorInBytes=%ld.\n", physicalPlayCursorInBytes, virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback);
                            #endif
                                availableBytesPlayback = 0;
                            }
                        } else {
                            /* Different loop iterations. The available bytes only goes from the virtual write cursor to the physical play cursor. */
                            if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes >= virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                                availableBytesPlayback = physicalPlayCursorInBytes - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                            } else {
                                /* This is an error. */
                            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                                printf("[DirectSound] (Duplex/Playback) WARNING: Write cursor has moved behind the play cursor (different loop iterations). physicalPlayCursorInBytes=%ld, virtualWriteCursorInBytes=%ld.\n", physicalPlayCursorInBytes, virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback);
                            #endif
                                availableBytesPlayback = 0;
                            }
                        }

                    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                        /*printf("[DirectSound] (Duplex/Playback) physicalPlayCursorInBytes=%d, availableBytesPlayback=%d\n", physicalPlayCursorInBytes, availableBytesPlayback);*/
                    #endif

                        /* If there's no room available for writing we need to wait for more. */
                        if (availableBytesPlayback == 0) {
                            /* If we haven't started the device yet, this will never get beyond 0. In this case we need to get the device started. */
                            if (!isPlaybackDeviceStarted) {
                                hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Play((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, 0, 0, MA_DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
                                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                    ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer);
                                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundBuffer_Play() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                                }
                                isPlaybackDeviceStarted = MA_TRUE;
                            } else {
                                ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
                                continue;
                            }
                        }


                        /* Getting here means there room available somewhere. We limit this to either the end of the buffer or the physical play cursor, whichever is closest. */
                        lockOffsetInBytesPlayback = virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                        if (physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback == virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback) {
                            /* Same loop iteration. Go up to the end of the buffer. */
                            lockSizeInBytesPlayback = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                        } else {
                            /* Different loop iterations. Go up to the physical play cursor. */
                            lockSizeInBytesPlayback = physicalPlayCursorInBytes - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                        }

                        hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Lock((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, lockOffsetInBytesPlayback, lockSizeInBytesPlayback, &pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback, &mappedSizeInBytesPlayback, NULL, NULL, 0);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to map buffer from playback device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        Experiment: If the playback buffer is being starved, pad it with some silence to get it back in sync. This will cause a glitch, but it may prevent
                        endless glitching due to it constantly running out of data.
                        */
                        if (isPlaybackDeviceStarted) {
                            DWORD bytesQueuedForPlayback = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) - availableBytesPlayback;
                            if (bytesQueuedForPlayback < (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*bpfDevicePlayback)) {
                                silentPaddingInBytes   = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*2*bpfDevicePlayback) - bytesQueuedForPlayback;
                                if (silentPaddingInBytes > lockSizeInBytesPlayback) {
                                    silentPaddingInBytes = lockSizeInBytesPlayback;
                                }

                        #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                                printf("[DirectSound] (Duplex/Playback) Playback buffer starved. availableBytesPlayback=%ld, silentPaddingInBytes=%ld\n", availableBytesPlayback, silentPaddingInBytes);
                        #endif
                            }
                        }

                        /* At this point we have a buffer for output. */
                        if (silentPaddingInBytes > 0) {
                            MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback, silentPaddingInBytes);
                            framesWrittenThisIteration = silentPaddingInBytes/bpfDevicePlayback;
                        } else {
                            ma_uint64 convertedFrameCountIn  = (outputFramesInClientFormatCount - outputFramesInClientFormatConsumed);
                            ma_uint64 convertedFrameCountOut = mappedSizeInBytesPlayback/bpfDevicePlayback;
                            void* pConvertedFramesIn  = ma_offset_ptr(outputFramesInClientFormat, outputFramesInClientFormatConsumed * bpfDevicePlayback);
                            void* pConvertedFramesOut = pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback;

                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, pConvertedFramesIn, &convertedFrameCountIn, pConvertedFramesOut, &convertedFrameCountOut);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            outputFramesInClientFormatConsumed += (ma_uint32)convertedFrameCountOut;
                            framesWrittenThisIteration          = (ma_uint32)convertedFrameCountOut;
                        }
                        

                        hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Unlock((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback, framesWrittenThisIteration*bpfDevicePlayback, NULL, 0);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to unlock internal buffer from playback device after writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                            break;
                        }

                        virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback += framesWrittenThisIteration*bpfDevicePlayback;
                        if ((virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback/bpfDevicePlayback) == pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods) {
                            virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback  = 0;
                            virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback = !virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback;
                        }
                        
                        /*
                        We may need to start the device. We want two full periods to be written before starting the playback device. Having an extra period adds
                        a bit of a buffer to prevent the playback buffer from getting starved.
                        */
                        framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice += framesWrittenThisIteration;
                        if (!isPlaybackDeviceStarted && framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice >= (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*2)) {
                            hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Play((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, 0, 0, MA_DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
                            if (FAILED(hr)) {
                                ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer);
                                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundBuffer_Play() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                            }
                            isPlaybackDeviceStarted = MA_TRUE;
                        }

                        if (framesWrittenThisIteration < mappedSizeInBytesPlayback/bpfDevicePlayback) {
                            break;  /* We're finished with the output data.*/
                        }
                    }

                    if (clientCapturedFramesToProcess == 0) {
                        break;  /* We just consumed every input sample. */
                    }
                }


                /* At this point we're done with the mapped portion of the capture buffer. */
                hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Unlock((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, mappedSizeInBytesCapture, NULL, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to unlock internal buffer from capture device after reading from the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                }
                prevReadCursorInBytesCapture = (lockOffsetInBytesCapture + mappedSizeInBytesCapture);
            } break;



            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                DWORD physicalCaptureCursorInBytes;
                DWORD physicalReadCursorInBytes;
                hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_GetCurrentPosition((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, &physicalCaptureCursorInBytes, &physicalReadCursorInBytes);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    return MA_ERROR;
                }

                /* If the previous capture position is the same as the current position we need to wait a bit longer. */
                if (prevReadCursorInBytesCapture == physicalReadCursorInBytes) {
                    ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
                    continue;
                }

                /* Getting here means we have capture data available. */
                if (prevReadCursorInBytesCapture < physicalReadCursorInBytes) {
                    /* The capture position has not looped. This is the simple case. */
                    lockOffsetInBytesCapture = prevReadCursorInBytesCapture;
                    lockSizeInBytesCapture   = (physicalReadCursorInBytes - prevReadCursorInBytesCapture);
                } else {
                    /*
                    The capture position has looped. This is the more complex case. Map to the end of the buffer. If this does not return anything,
                    do it again from the start.
                    */
                    if (prevReadCursorInBytesCapture < pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*bpfDeviceCapture) {
                        /* Lock up to the end of the buffer. */
                        lockOffsetInBytesCapture = prevReadCursorInBytesCapture;
                        lockSizeInBytesCapture   = (pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*bpfDeviceCapture) - prevReadCursorInBytesCapture;
                    } else {
                        /* Lock starting from the start of the buffer. */
                        lockOffsetInBytesCapture = 0;
                        lockSizeInBytesCapture   = physicalReadCursorInBytes;
                    }
                }

            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                /*printf("[DirectSound] (Capture) physicalCaptureCursorInBytes=%d, physicalReadCursorInBytes=%d\n", physicalCaptureCursorInBytes, physicalReadCursorInBytes);*/
                /*printf("[DirectSound] (Capture) lockOffsetInBytesCapture=%d, lockSizeInBytesCapture=%d\n", lockOffsetInBytesCapture, lockSizeInBytesCapture);*/
            #endif

                if (lockSizeInBytesCapture < pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
                    continue; /* Nothing is available in the capture buffer. */
                }

                hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Lock((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, lockOffsetInBytesCapture, lockSizeInBytesCapture, &pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, &mappedSizeInBytesCapture, NULL, NULL, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to map buffer from capture device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                }

            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                if (lockSizeInBytesCapture != mappedSizeInBytesCapture) {
                    printf("[DirectSound] (Capture) lockSizeInBytesCapture=%ld != mappedSizeInBytesCapture=%ld\n", lockSizeInBytesCapture, mappedSizeInBytesCapture);
                }
            #endif

                ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, mappedSizeInBytesCapture/bpfDeviceCapture, pMappedDeviceBufferCapture);

                hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Unlock((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer, pMappedDeviceBufferCapture, mappedSizeInBytesCapture, NULL, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to unlock internal buffer from capture device after reading from the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                }
                prevReadCursorInBytesCapture = lockOffsetInBytesCapture + mappedSizeInBytesCapture;

                if (prevReadCursorInBytesCapture == (pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*bpfDeviceCapture)) {
                    prevReadCursorInBytesCapture = 0;
                }
            } break;



            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                DWORD availableBytesPlayback;
                DWORD physicalPlayCursorInBytes;
                DWORD physicalWriteCursorInBytes;
                hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCurrentPosition((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, &physicalPlayCursorInBytes, &physicalWriteCursorInBytes);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    break;
                }

                if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes < prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                    physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback = !physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback;
                }
                prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback  = physicalPlayCursorInBytes;

                /* If there's any bytes available for writing we can do that now. The space between the virtual cursor position and play cursor. */
                if (physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback == virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback) {
                    /* Same loop iteration. The available bytes wraps all the way around from the virtual write cursor to the physical play cursor. */
                    if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes <= virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                        availableBytesPlayback  = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                        availableBytesPlayback += physicalPlayCursorInBytes;    /* Wrap around. */
                    } else {
                        /* This is an error. */
                    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                        printf("[DirectSound] (Playback) WARNING: Play cursor has moved in front of the write cursor (same loop iterations). physicalPlayCursorInBytes=%ld, virtualWriteCursorInBytes=%ld.\n", physicalPlayCursorInBytes, virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback);
                    #endif
                        availableBytesPlayback = 0;
                    }
                } else {
                    /* Different loop iterations. The available bytes only goes from the virtual write cursor to the physical play cursor. */
                    if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes >= virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                        availableBytesPlayback = physicalPlayCursorInBytes - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                    } else {
                        /* This is an error. */
                    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                        printf("[DirectSound] (Playback) WARNING: Write cursor has moved behind the play cursor (different loop iterations). physicalPlayCursorInBytes=%ld, virtualWriteCursorInBytes=%ld.\n", physicalPlayCursorInBytes, virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback);
                    #endif
                        availableBytesPlayback = 0;
                    }
                }

            #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
                /*printf("[DirectSound] (Playback) physicalPlayCursorInBytes=%d, availableBytesPlayback=%d\n", physicalPlayCursorInBytes, availableBytesPlayback);*/
            #endif

                /* If there's no room available for writing we need to wait for more. */
                if (availableBytesPlayback < pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    /* If we haven't started the device yet, this will never get beyond 0. In this case we need to get the device started. */
                    if (availableBytesPlayback == 0 && !isPlaybackDeviceStarted) {
                        hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Play((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, 0, 0, MA_DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
                        if (FAILED(hr)) {
                            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundBuffer_Play() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                        }
                        isPlaybackDeviceStarted = MA_TRUE;
                    } else {
                        ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
                        continue;
                    }
                }

                /* Getting here means there room available somewhere. We limit this to either the end of the buffer or the physical play cursor, whichever is closest. */
                lockOffsetInBytesPlayback = virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                if (physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback == virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback) {
                    /* Same loop iteration. Go up to the end of the buffer. */
                    lockSizeInBytesPlayback = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                } else {
                    /* Different loop iterations. Go up to the physical play cursor. */
                    lockSizeInBytesPlayback = physicalPlayCursorInBytes - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                }

                hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Lock((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, lockOffsetInBytesPlayback, lockSizeInBytesPlayback, &pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback, &mappedSizeInBytesPlayback, NULL, NULL, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to map buffer from playback device in preparation for writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                    break;
                }

                /* At this point we have a buffer for output. */
                ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, (mappedSizeInBytesPlayback/bpfDevicePlayback), pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback);

                hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Unlock((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, pMappedDeviceBufferPlayback, mappedSizeInBytesPlayback, NULL, 0);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] Failed to unlock internal buffer from playback device after writing to the device.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                    break;
                }

                virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback += mappedSizeInBytesPlayback;
                if (virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback == pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) {
                    virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback  = 0;
                    virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback = !virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback;
                }
                        
                /*
                We may need to start the device. We want two full periods to be written before starting the playback device. Having an extra period adds
                a bit of a buffer to prevent the playback buffer from getting starved.
                */
                framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice += mappedSizeInBytesPlayback/bpfDevicePlayback;
                if (!isPlaybackDeviceStarted && framesWrittenToPlaybackDevice >= pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Play((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, 0, 0, MA_DSBPLAY_LOOPING);
                    if (FAILED(hr)) {
                        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundBuffer_Play() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
                    }
                    isPlaybackDeviceStarted = MA_TRUE;
                }
            } break;


            default: return MA_INVALID_ARGS;   /* Invalid device type. */
        }

        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    /* Getting here means the device is being stopped. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        hr = ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop((ma_IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pCaptureBuffer);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundCaptureBuffer_Stop() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        /* The playback device should be drained before stopping. All we do is wait until the available bytes is equal to the size of the buffer. */
        if (isPlaybackDeviceStarted) {
            for (;;) {
                DWORD availableBytesPlayback = 0;
                DWORD physicalPlayCursorInBytes;
                DWORD physicalWriteCursorInBytes;
                hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_GetCurrentPosition((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, &physicalPlayCursorInBytes, &physicalWriteCursorInBytes);
                if (FAILED(hr)) {
                    break;
                }

                if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes < prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                    physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback = !physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback;
                }
                prevPlayCursorInBytesPlayback  = physicalPlayCursorInBytes;

                if (physicalPlayCursorLoopFlagPlayback == virtualWriteCursorLoopFlagPlayback) {
                    /* Same loop iteration. The available bytes wraps all the way around from the virtual write cursor to the physical play cursor. */
                    if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes <= virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                        availableBytesPlayback  = (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback) - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                        availableBytesPlayback += physicalPlayCursorInBytes;    /* Wrap around. */
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                } else {
                    /* Different loop iterations. The available bytes only goes from the virtual write cursor to the physical play cursor. */
                    if (physicalPlayCursorInBytes >= virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback) {
                        availableBytesPlayback = physicalPlayCursorInBytes - virtualWriteCursorInBytesPlayback;
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (availableBytesPlayback >= (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*bpfDevicePlayback)) {
                    break;
                }

                ma_sleep(waitTimeInMilliseconds);
            }
        }

        hr = ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_Stop((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer);
        if (FAILED(hr)) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[DirectSound] IDirectSoundBuffer_Stop() failed.", ma_result_from_HRESULT(hr));
        }

        ma_IDirectSoundBuffer_SetCurrentPosition((ma_IDirectSoundBuffer*)pDevice->dsound.pPlaybackBuffer, 0);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__dsound(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_dsound);

    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__dsound(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

    pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL = ma_dlopen(pContext, "dsound.dll");
    if (pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL == NULL) {
        return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;
    }

    pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCreate            = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL, "DirectSoundCreate");
    pContext->dsound.DirectSoundEnumerateA        = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL, "DirectSoundEnumerateA");
    pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCaptureCreate     = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL, "DirectSoundCaptureCreate");
    pContext->dsound.DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateA = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->dsound.hDSoundDLL, "DirectSoundCaptureEnumerateA");

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__dsound;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__dsound;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__dsound;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__dsound;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__dsound;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__dsound;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL;  /* Not used. Started in onDeviceMainLoop. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL;  /* Not used. Stopped in onDeviceMainLoop. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__dsound;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif



/******************************************************************************

WinMM Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_WINMM

/*
Some older compilers don't have WAVEOUTCAPS2A and WAVEINCAPS2A, so we'll need to write this ourselves. These structures
are exactly the same as the older ones but they have a few GUIDs for manufacturer/product/name identification. I'm keeping
the names the same as the Win32 library for consistency, but namespaced to avoid naming conflicts with the Win32 version.
*/
typedef struct
{
    WORD wMid;
    WORD wPid;
    MMVERSION vDriverVersion;
    CHAR szPname[MAXPNAMELEN];
    DWORD dwFormats;
    WORD wChannels;
    WORD wReserved1;
    DWORD dwSupport;
    GUID ManufacturerGuid;
    GUID ProductGuid;
    GUID NameGuid;
} MA_WAVEOUTCAPS2A;
typedef struct
{
    WORD wMid;
    WORD wPid;
    MMVERSION vDriverVersion;
    CHAR szPname[MAXPNAMELEN];
    DWORD dwFormats;
    WORD wChannels;
    WORD wReserved1;
    GUID ManufacturerGuid;
    GUID ProductGuid;
    GUID NameGuid;
} MA_WAVEINCAPS2A;

typedef UINT     (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutGetNumDevs)(void);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutGetDevCapsA)(ma_uintptr uDeviceID, LPWAVEOUTCAPSA pwoc, UINT cbwoc);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutOpen)(LPHWAVEOUT phwo, UINT uDeviceID, LPCWAVEFORMATEX pwfx, DWORD_PTR dwCallback, DWORD_PTR dwInstance, DWORD fdwOpen);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutClose)(HWAVEOUT hwo);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutPrepareHeader)(HWAVEOUT hwo, LPWAVEHDR pwh, UINT cbwh);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutUnprepareHeader)(HWAVEOUT hwo, LPWAVEHDR pwh, UINT cbwh);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutWrite)(HWAVEOUT hwo, LPWAVEHDR pwh, UINT cbwh);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveOutReset)(HWAVEOUT hwo);
typedef UINT     (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInGetNumDevs)(void);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInGetDevCapsA)(ma_uintptr uDeviceID, LPWAVEINCAPSA pwic, UINT cbwic);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInOpen)(LPHWAVEIN phwi, UINT uDeviceID, LPCWAVEFORMATEX pwfx, DWORD_PTR dwCallback, DWORD_PTR dwInstance, DWORD fdwOpen);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInClose)(HWAVEIN hwi);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInPrepareHeader)(HWAVEIN hwi, LPWAVEHDR pwh, UINT cbwh);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInUnprepareHeader)(HWAVEIN hwi, LPWAVEHDR pwh, UINT cbwh);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInAddBuffer)(HWAVEIN hwi, LPWAVEHDR pwh, UINT cbwh);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInStart)(HWAVEIN hwi);
typedef MMRESULT (WINAPI * MA_PFN_waveInReset)(HWAVEIN hwi);

static ma_result ma_result_from_MMRESULT(MMRESULT resultMM)
{
    switch (resultMM) {
        case MMSYSERR_NOERROR:      return MA_SUCCESS;
        case MMSYSERR_BADDEVICEID:  return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MMSYSERR_INVALHANDLE:  return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MMSYSERR_NOMEM:        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        case MMSYSERR_INVALFLAG:    return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MMSYSERR_INVALPARAM:   return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MMSYSERR_HANDLEBUSY:   return MA_BUSY;
        case MMSYSERR_ERROR:        return MA_ERROR;
        default:                    return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

static char* ma_find_last_character(char* str, char ch)
{
    char* last;

    if (str == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    last = NULL;
    while (*str != '\0') {
        if (*str == ch) {
            last = str;
        }

        str += 1;
    }

    return last;
}

static ma_uint32 ma_get_period_size_in_bytes(ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    return periodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels);
}


/*
Our own "WAVECAPS" structure that contains generic information shared between WAVEOUTCAPS2 and WAVEINCAPS2 so
we can do things generically and typesafely. Names are being kept the same for consistency.
*/
typedef struct
{
    CHAR szPname[MAXPNAMELEN];
    DWORD dwFormats;
    WORD wChannels;
    GUID NameGuid;
} MA_WAVECAPSA;

static ma_result ma_get_best_info_from_formats_flags__winmm(DWORD dwFormats, WORD channels, WORD* pBitsPerSample, DWORD* pSampleRate)
{
    WORD bitsPerSample = 0;
    DWORD sampleRate = 0;

    if (pBitsPerSample) {
        *pBitsPerSample = 0;
    }
    if (pSampleRate) {
        *pSampleRate = 0;
    }

    if (channels == 1) {
        bitsPerSample = 16;
        if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 48000;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 44100;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 22050;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 11025;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 96000;
        } else {
            bitsPerSample = 8;
            if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 48000;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 44100;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 22050;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 11025;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 96000;
            } else {
                return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            }
        }
    } else {
        bitsPerSample = 16;
        if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 48000;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 44100;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 22050;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 11025;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16) != 0) {
            sampleRate = 96000;
        } else {
            bitsPerSample = 8;
            if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 48000;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 44100;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 22050;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 11025;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08) != 0) {
                sampleRate = 96000;
            } else {
                return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            }
        }
    }

    if (pBitsPerSample) {
        *pBitsPerSample = bitsPerSample;
    }
    if (pSampleRate) {
        *pSampleRate = sampleRate;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_formats_flags_to_WAVEFORMATEX__winmm(DWORD dwFormats, WORD channels, WAVEFORMATEX* pWF)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pWF != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pWF);
    pWF->cbSize     = sizeof(*pWF);
    pWF->wFormatTag = WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
    pWF->nChannels  = (WORD)channels;
    if (pWF->nChannels > 2) {
        pWF->nChannels = 2;
    }

    if (channels == 1) {
        pWF->wBitsPerSample = 16;
        if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48M16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 48000;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44M16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 44100;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 22050;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 11025;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 96000;
        } else {
            pWF->wBitsPerSample = 8;
            if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48M08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 48000;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44M08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 44100;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2M08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 22050;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1M08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 11025;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96M08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 96000;
            } else {
                return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            }
        }
    } else {
        pWF->wBitsPerSample = 16;
        if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48S16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 48000;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44S16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 44100;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 22050;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 11025;
        } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S16) != 0) {
            pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 96000;
        } else {
            pWF->wBitsPerSample = 8;
            if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_48S08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 48000;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_44S08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 44100;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_2S08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 22050;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_1S08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 11025;
            } else if ((dwFormats & WAVE_FORMAT_96S08) != 0) {
                pWF->nSamplesPerSec = 96000;
            } else {
                return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            }
        }
    }

    pWF->nBlockAlign     = (WORD)(pWF->nChannels * pWF->wBitsPerSample / 8);
    pWF->nAvgBytesPerSec = pWF->nBlockAlign * pWF->nSamplesPerSec;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVECAPS(ma_context* pContext, MA_WAVECAPSA* pCaps, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    WORD bitsPerSample;
    DWORD sampleRate;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pCaps != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDeviceInfo != NULL);

    /*
    Name / Description
    
    Unfortunately the name specified in WAVE(OUT/IN)CAPS2 is limited to 31 characters. This results in an unprofessional looking
    situation where the names of the devices are truncated. To help work around this, we need to look at the name GUID and try
    looking in the registry for the full name. If we can't find it there, we need to just fall back to the default name.
    */

    /* Set the default to begin with. */
    ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), pCaps->szPname, (size_t)-1);

    /*
    Now try the registry. There's a few things to consider here:
    - The name GUID can be null, in which we case we just need to stick to the original 31 characters.
    - If the name GUID is not present in the registry we'll also need to stick to the original 31 characters.
    - I like consistency, so I want the returned device names to be consistent with those returned by WASAPI and DirectSound. The
      problem, however is that WASAPI and DirectSound use "<component> (<name>)" format (such as "Speakers (High Definition Audio)"),
      but WinMM does not specificy the component name. From my admittedly limited testing, I've notice the component name seems to
      usually fit within the 31 characters of the fixed sized buffer, so what I'm going to do is parse that string for the component
      name, and then concatenate the name from the registry.
    */
    if (!ma_is_guid_equal(&pCaps->NameGuid, &MA_GUID_NULL)) {
        wchar_t guidStrW[256];
        if (((MA_PFN_StringFromGUID2)pContext->win32.StringFromGUID2)(&pCaps->NameGuid, guidStrW, ma_countof(guidStrW)) > 0) {
            char guidStr[256];
            char keyStr[1024];
            HKEY hKey;

            WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, guidStrW, -1, guidStr, sizeof(guidStr), 0, FALSE);

            ma_strcpy_s(keyStr, sizeof(keyStr), "SYSTEM\\CurrentControlSet\\Control\\MediaCategories\\");
            ma_strcat_s(keyStr, sizeof(keyStr), guidStr);

            if (((MA_PFN_RegOpenKeyExA)pContext->win32.RegOpenKeyExA)(HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, keyStr, 0, KEY_READ, &hKey) == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
                BYTE nameFromReg[512];
                DWORD nameFromRegSize = sizeof(nameFromReg);
                result = ((MA_PFN_RegQueryValueExA)pContext->win32.RegQueryValueExA)(hKey, "Name", 0, NULL, (LPBYTE)nameFromReg, (LPDWORD)&nameFromRegSize);
                ((MA_PFN_RegCloseKey)pContext->win32.RegCloseKey)(hKey);

                if (result == ERROR_SUCCESS) {
                    /* We have the value from the registry, so now we need to construct the name string. */
                    char name[1024];
                    if (ma_strcpy_s(name, sizeof(name), pDeviceInfo->name) == 0) {
                        char* nameBeg = ma_find_last_character(name, '(');
                        if (nameBeg != NULL) {
                            size_t leadingLen = (nameBeg - name);
                            ma_strncpy_s(nameBeg + 1, sizeof(name) - leadingLen, (const char*)nameFromReg, (size_t)-1);

                            /* The closing ")", if it can fit. */
                            if (leadingLen + nameFromRegSize < sizeof(name)-1) {
                                ma_strcat_s(name, sizeof(name), ")");
                            }

                            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), name, (size_t)-1);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }


    result = ma_get_best_info_from_formats_flags__winmm(pCaps->dwFormats, pCaps->wChannels, &bitsPerSample, &sampleRate);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pDeviceInfo->minChannels = pCaps->wChannels;
    pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = pCaps->wChannels;
    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = sampleRate;
    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = sampleRate;
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
    if (bitsPerSample == 8) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_u8;
    } else if (bitsPerSample == 16) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s16;
    } else if (bitsPerSample == 24) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s24;
    } else if (bitsPerSample == 32) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s32;
    } else {
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVEOUTCAPS2(ma_context* pContext, MA_WAVEOUTCAPS2A* pCaps, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    MA_WAVECAPSA caps;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pCaps != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDeviceInfo != NULL);

    MA_COPY_MEMORY(caps.szPname, pCaps->szPname, sizeof(caps.szPname));
    caps.dwFormats = pCaps->dwFormats;
    caps.wChannels = pCaps->wChannels;
    caps.NameGuid = pCaps->NameGuid;
    return ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVECAPS(pContext, &caps, pDeviceInfo);
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVEINCAPS2(ma_context* pContext, MA_WAVEINCAPS2A* pCaps, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    MA_WAVECAPSA caps;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pCaps != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDeviceInfo != NULL);

    MA_COPY_MEMORY(caps.szPname, pCaps->szPname, sizeof(caps.szPname));
    caps.dwFormats = pCaps->dwFormats;
    caps.wChannels = pCaps->wChannels;
    caps.NameGuid = pCaps->NameGuid;
    return ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVECAPS(pContext, &caps, pDeviceInfo);
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__winmm(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return pID0->winmm == pID1->winmm;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__winmm(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    UINT playbackDeviceCount;
    UINT captureDeviceCount;
    UINT iPlaybackDevice;
    UINT iCaptureDevice;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    /* Playback. */
    playbackDeviceCount = ((MA_PFN_waveOutGetNumDevs)pContext->winmm.waveOutGetNumDevs)();
    for (iPlaybackDevice = 0; iPlaybackDevice < playbackDeviceCount; ++iPlaybackDevice) {
        MMRESULT result;
        MA_WAVEOUTCAPS2A caps;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);

        result = ((MA_PFN_waveOutGetDevCapsA)pContext->winmm.waveOutGetDevCapsA)(iPlaybackDevice, (WAVEOUTCAPSA*)&caps, sizeof(caps));
        if (result == MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;

            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            deviceInfo.id.winmm = iPlaybackDevice;

            if (ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVEOUTCAPS2(pContext, &caps, &deviceInfo) == MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_bool32 cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                if (cbResult == MA_FALSE) {
                    return MA_SUCCESS; /* Enumeration was stopped. */
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* Capture. */
    captureDeviceCount = ((MA_PFN_waveInGetNumDevs)pContext->winmm.waveInGetNumDevs)();
    for (iCaptureDevice = 0; iCaptureDevice < captureDeviceCount; ++iCaptureDevice) {
        MMRESULT result;
        MA_WAVEINCAPS2A caps;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);

        result = ((MA_PFN_waveInGetDevCapsA)pContext->winmm.waveInGetDevCapsA)(iCaptureDevice, (WAVEINCAPSA*)&caps, sizeof(caps));
        if (result == MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;

            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            deviceInfo.id.winmm = iCaptureDevice;

            if (ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVEINCAPS2(pContext, &caps, &deviceInfo) == MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_bool32 cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                if (cbResult == MA_FALSE) {
                    return MA_SUCCESS; /* Enumeration was stopped. */
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__winmm(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    UINT winMMDeviceID;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    winMMDeviceID = 0;
    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        winMMDeviceID = (UINT)pDeviceID->winmm;
    }

    pDeviceInfo->id.winmm = winMMDeviceID;

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        MMRESULT result;
        MA_WAVEOUTCAPS2A caps;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);
        
        result = ((MA_PFN_waveOutGetDevCapsA)pContext->winmm.waveOutGetDevCapsA)(winMMDeviceID, (WAVEOUTCAPSA*)&caps, sizeof(caps));
        if (result == MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            return ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVEOUTCAPS2(pContext, &caps, pDeviceInfo);
        }
    } else {
        MMRESULT result;
        MA_WAVEINCAPS2A caps;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&caps);
        
        result = ((MA_PFN_waveInGetDevCapsA)pContext->winmm.waveInGetDevCapsA)(winMMDeviceID, (WAVEINCAPSA*)&caps, sizeof(caps));
        if (result == MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            return ma_context_get_device_info_from_WAVEINCAPS2(pContext, &caps, pDeviceInfo);
        }
    }

    return MA_NO_DEVICE;
}


static void ma_device_uninit__winmm(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((MA_PFN_waveInClose)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveInClose)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture);
        CloseHandle((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((MA_PFN_waveOutReset)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveOutReset)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback);
        ((MA_PFN_waveOutClose)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveOutClose)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback);
        CloseHandle((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback);
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->winmm._pHeapData, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->winmm);   /* Safety. */
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__winmm(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    const char* errorMsg = "";
    ma_result errorCode = MA_ERROR;
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_uint32 heapSize;
    UINT winMMDeviceIDPlayback = 0;
    UINT winMMDeviceIDCapture  = 0;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->winmm);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* No exlusive mode with WinMM. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    periodSizeInMilliseconds = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    if (periodSizeInMilliseconds == 0) {
        periodSizeInMilliseconds = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_milliseconds_from_frames(pConfig->periodSizeInFrames, pConfig->sampleRate);
    }
    
    /* WinMM has horrible latency. */
    if (pDevice->usingDefaultBufferSize) {
        if (pConfig->performanceProfile == ma_performance_profile_low_latency) {
            periodSizeInMilliseconds =  40;
        } else {
            periodSizeInMilliseconds = 400;
        }
    }


    if (pConfig->playback.pDeviceID != NULL) {
        winMMDeviceIDPlayback = (UINT)pConfig->playback.pDeviceID->winmm;
    }
    if (pConfig->capture.pDeviceID != NULL) {
        winMMDeviceIDCapture = (UINT)pConfig->capture.pDeviceID->winmm;
    }

    /* The capture device needs to be initialized first. */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        WAVEINCAPSA caps;
        WAVEFORMATEX wf;
        MMRESULT resultMM;

        /* We use an event to know when a new fragment needs to be enqueued. */
        pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture = (ma_handle)CreateEventW(NULL, TRUE, TRUE, NULL);
        if (pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture == NULL) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to create event for fragment enqueing for the capture device.", errorCode = ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
            goto on_error;
        }

        /* The format should be based on the device's actual format. */
        if (((MA_PFN_waveInGetDevCapsA)pContext->winmm.waveInGetDevCapsA)(winMMDeviceIDCapture, &caps, sizeof(caps)) != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to retrieve internal device caps.", errorCode = MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto on_error;
        }

        result = ma_formats_flags_to_WAVEFORMATEX__winmm(caps.dwFormats, caps.wChannels, &wf);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Could not find appropriate format for internal device.", errorCode = result;
            goto on_error;
        }

        resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveInOpen)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveInOpen)((LPHWAVEIN)&pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture, winMMDeviceIDCapture, &wf, (DWORD_PTR)pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture, (DWORD_PTR)pDevice, CALLBACK_EVENT | WAVE_ALLOWSYNC);
        if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to open capture device.", errorCode = MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE;
            goto on_error;
        }

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat             = ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX(&wf);
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels           = wf.nChannels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate         = wf.nSamplesPerSec;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(periodSizeInMilliseconds, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate);
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        WAVEOUTCAPSA caps;
        WAVEFORMATEX wf;
        MMRESULT resultMM;

        /* We use an event to know when a new fragment needs to be enqueued. */
        pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback = (ma_handle)CreateEvent(NULL, TRUE, TRUE, NULL);
        if (pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback == NULL) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to create event for fragment enqueing for the playback device.", errorCode = ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
            goto on_error;
        }

        /* The format should be based on the device's actual format. */
        if (((MA_PFN_waveOutGetDevCapsA)pContext->winmm.waveOutGetDevCapsA)(winMMDeviceIDPlayback, &caps, sizeof(caps)) != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to retrieve internal device caps.", errorCode = MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
            goto on_error;
        }

        result = ma_formats_flags_to_WAVEFORMATEX__winmm(caps.dwFormats, caps.wChannels, &wf);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Could not find appropriate format for internal device.", errorCode = result;
            goto on_error;
        }

        resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveOutOpen)pContext->winmm.waveOutOpen)((LPHWAVEOUT)&pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback, winMMDeviceIDPlayback, &wf, (DWORD_PTR)pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback, (DWORD_PTR)pDevice, CALLBACK_EVENT | WAVE_ALLOWSYNC);
        if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to open playback device.", errorCode = MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE;
            goto on_error;
        }

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = ma_format_from_WAVEFORMATEX(&wf);
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = wf.nChannels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = wf.nSamplesPerSec;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(periodSizeInMilliseconds, pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate);
    }

    /*
    The heap allocated data is allocated like so:
    
    [Capture WAVEHDRs][Playback WAVEHDRs][Capture Intermediary Buffer][Playback Intermediary Buffer]
    */
    heapSize = 0;
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        heapSize += sizeof(WAVEHDR)*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods + (pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
    }
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        heapSize += sizeof(WAVEHDR)*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods + (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods*ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));
    }

    pDevice->winmm._pHeapData = (ma_uint8*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(heapSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pDevice->winmm._pHeapData == NULL) {
        errorMsg = "[WinMM] Failed to allocate memory for the intermediary buffer.", errorCode = MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        goto on_error;
    }

    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDevice->winmm._pHeapData, heapSize);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 iPeriod;

        if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
            pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture            = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData;
            pDevice->winmm.pIntermediaryBufferCapture = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData + (sizeof(WAVEHDR)*(pDevice->capture.internalPeriods));
        } else {
            pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture            = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData;
            pDevice->winmm.pIntermediaryBufferCapture = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData + (sizeof(WAVEHDR)*(pDevice->capture.internalPeriods + pDevice->playback.internalPeriods));
        }

        /* Prepare headers. */
        for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->capture.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
            ma_uint32 periodSizeInBytes = ma_get_period_size_in_bytes(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);

            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod].lpData         = (LPSTR)(pDevice->winmm.pIntermediaryBufferCapture + (periodSizeInBytes*iPeriod));
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod].dwBufferLength = periodSizeInBytes;
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod].dwFlags        = 0L;
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod].dwLoops        = 0L;
            ((MA_PFN_waveInPrepareHeader)pContext->winmm.waveInPrepareHeader)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture, &((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod], sizeof(WAVEHDR));

            /*
            The user data of the WAVEHDR structure is a single flag the controls whether or not it is ready for writing. Consider it to be named "isLocked". A value of 0 means
            it's unlocked and available for writing. A value of 1 means it's locked.
            */
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod].dwUser = 0;
        }
    }
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 iPeriod;

        if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback            = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData;
            pDevice->winmm.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData + (sizeof(WAVEHDR)*pDevice->playback.internalPeriods);
        } else {
            pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback            = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData + (sizeof(WAVEHDR)*(pDevice->capture.internalPeriods));
            pDevice->winmm.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback = pDevice->winmm._pHeapData + (sizeof(WAVEHDR)*(pDevice->capture.internalPeriods + pDevice->playback.internalPeriods)) + (pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames*pDevice->capture.internalPeriods*ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
        }

        /* Prepare headers. */
        for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->playback.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
            ma_uint32 periodSizeInBytes = ma_get_period_size_in_bytes(pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);

            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod].lpData         = (LPSTR)(pDevice->winmm.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback + (periodSizeInBytes*iPeriod));
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod].dwBufferLength = periodSizeInBytes;
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod].dwFlags        = 0L;
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod].dwLoops        = 0L;
            ((MA_PFN_waveOutPrepareHeader)pContext->winmm.waveOutPrepareHeader)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback, &((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod], sizeof(WAVEHDR));

            /*
            The user data of the WAVEHDR structure is a single flag the controls whether or not it is ready for writing. Consider it to be named "isLocked". A value of 0 means
            it's unlocked and available for writing. A value of 1 means it's locked.
            */
            ((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod].dwUser = 0;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;

on_error:
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture != NULL) {
            ma_uint32 iPeriod;
            for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->capture.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
                ((MA_PFN_waveInUnprepareHeader)pContext->winmm.waveInUnprepareHeader)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture, &((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
            }
        }

        ((MA_PFN_waveInClose)pContext->winmm.waveInClose)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture != NULL) {
            ma_uint32 iPeriod;
            for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->playback.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
                ((MA_PFN_waveOutUnprepareHeader)pContext->winmm.waveOutUnprepareHeader)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback, &((WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback)[iPeriod], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
            }
        }

        ((MA_PFN_waveOutClose)pContext->winmm.waveOutClose)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback);
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->winmm._pHeapData, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, errorMsg, errorCode);
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__winmm(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MMRESULT resultMM;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture == NULL) {
            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        }

        resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveInReset)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveInReset)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture);
        if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WinMM] WARNING: Failed to reset capture device.", ma_result_from_MMRESULT(resultMM));
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 iPeriod;
        WAVEHDR* pWAVEHDR;

        if (pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback == NULL) {
            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        }

        /* We need to drain the device. To do this we just loop over each header and if it's locked just wait for the event. */
        pWAVEHDR = (WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback;
        for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->playback.internalPeriods; iPeriod += 1) {
            if (pWAVEHDR[iPeriod].dwUser == 1) { /* 1 = locked. */
                if (WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
                    break;  /* An error occurred so just abandon ship and stop the device without draining. */
                }

                pWAVEHDR[iPeriod].dwUser = 0;
            }
        }

        resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveOutReset)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveOutReset)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback);
        if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WinMM] WARNING: Failed to reset playback device.", ma_result_from_MMRESULT(resultMM));
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__winmm(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    MMRESULT resultMM;
    ma_uint32 totalFramesWritten;
    WAVEHDR* pWAVEHDR;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pPCMFrames != NULL);

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    pWAVEHDR = (WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRPlayback;

    /* Keep processing as much data as possible. */
    totalFramesWritten = 0;
    while (totalFramesWritten < frameCount) {
        /* If the current header has some space available we need to write part of it. */
        if (pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwUser == 0) { /* 0 = unlocked. */
            /*
            This header has room in it. We copy as much of it as we can. If we end up fully consuming the buffer we need to
            write it out and move on to the next iteration.
            */
            ma_uint32 bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
            ma_uint32 framesRemainingInHeader = (pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwBufferLength/bpf) - pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedPlayback;

            ma_uint32 framesToCopy = ma_min(framesRemainingInHeader, (frameCount - totalFramesWritten));
            const void* pSrc = ma_offset_ptr(pPCMFrames, totalFramesWritten*bpf);
            void* pDst = ma_offset_ptr(pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].lpData, pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedPlayback*bpf);
            MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDst, pSrc, framesToCopy*bpf);

            pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedPlayback += framesToCopy;
            totalFramesWritten += framesToCopy;

            /* If we've consumed the buffer entirely we need to write it out to the device. */
            if (pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedPlayback == (pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwBufferLength/bpf)) {
                pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwUser = 1;            /* 1 = locked. */
                pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwFlags &= ~WHDR_DONE; /* <-- Need to make sure the WHDR_DONE flag is unset. */

                /* Make sure the event is reset to a non-signaled state to ensure we don't prematurely return from WaitForSingleObject(). */
                ResetEvent((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback);

                /* The device will be started here. */
                resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveOutWrite)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveOutWrite)((HWAVEOUT)pDevice->winmm.hDevicePlayback, &pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
                if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
                    result = ma_result_from_MMRESULT(resultMM);
                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WinMM] waveOutWrite() failed.", result);
                    break;
                }

                /* Make sure we move to the next header. */
                pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback = (pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback + 1) % pDevice->playback.internalPeriods;
                pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedPlayback = 0;
            }

            /* If at this point we have consumed the entire input buffer we can return. */
            MA_ASSERT(totalFramesWritten <= frameCount);
            if (totalFramesWritten == frameCount) {
                break;
            }

            /* Getting here means there's more to process. */
            continue;
        }

        /* Getting here means there isn't enough room in the buffer and we need to wait for one to become available. */
        if (WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventPlayback, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
            result = MA_ERROR;
            break;
        }

        /* Something happened. If the next buffer has been marked as done we need to reset a bit of state. */
        if ((pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwFlags & WHDR_DONE) != 0) {
            pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderPlayback].dwUser = 0;    /* 0 = unlocked (make it available for writing). */
            pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedPlayback = 0;
        }

        /* If the device has been stopped we need to break. */
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = totalFramesWritten;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__winmm(ma_device* pDevice, void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    MMRESULT resultMM;
    ma_uint32 totalFramesRead;
    WAVEHDR* pWAVEHDR;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pPCMFrames != NULL);

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    pWAVEHDR = (WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture;

    /* Keep processing as much data as possible. */
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
        /* If the current header has some space available we need to write part of it. */
        if (pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwUser == 0) { /* 0 = unlocked. */
            /* The buffer is available for reading. If we fully consume it we need to add it back to the buffer. */
            ma_uint32 bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
            ma_uint32 framesRemainingInHeader = (pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwBufferLength/bpf) - pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedCapture;

            ma_uint32 framesToCopy = ma_min(framesRemainingInHeader, (frameCount - totalFramesRead));
            const void* pSrc = ma_offset_ptr(pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].lpData, pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedCapture*bpf);
            void* pDst = ma_offset_ptr(pPCMFrames, totalFramesRead*bpf);
            MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDst, pSrc, framesToCopy*bpf);

            pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedCapture += framesToCopy;
            totalFramesRead += framesToCopy;

            /* If we've consumed the buffer entirely we need to add it back to the device. */
            if (pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedCapture == (pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwBufferLength/bpf)) {
                pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwUser = 1;            /* 1 = locked. */
                pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwFlags &= ~WHDR_DONE; /* <-- Need to make sure the WHDR_DONE flag is unset. */

                /* Make sure the event is reset to a non-signaled state to ensure we don't prematurely return from WaitForSingleObject(). */
                ResetEvent((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture);

                /* The device will be started here. */
                resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveInAddBuffer)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveInAddBuffer)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture, &((LPWAVEHDR)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
                if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
                    result = ma_result_from_MMRESULT(resultMM);
                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WinMM] waveInAddBuffer() failed.", result);
                    break;
                }

                /* Make sure we move to the next header. */
                pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture = (pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture + 1) % pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
                pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedCapture = 0;
            }

            /* If at this point we have filled the entire input buffer we can return. */
            MA_ASSERT(totalFramesRead <= frameCount);
            if (totalFramesRead == frameCount) {
                break;
            }

            /* Getting here means there's more to process. */
            continue;
        }

        /* Getting here means there isn't enough any data left to send to the client which means we need to wait for more. */
        if (WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture, INFINITE) != WAIT_OBJECT_0) {
            result = MA_ERROR;
            break;
        }

        /* Something happened. If the next buffer has been marked as done we need to reset a bit of state. */
        if ((pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwFlags & WHDR_DONE) != 0) {
            pWAVEHDR[pDevice->winmm.iNextHeaderCapture].dwUser = 0;    /* 0 = unlocked (make it available for reading). */
            pDevice->winmm.headerFramesConsumedCapture = 0;
        }

        /* If the device has been stopped we need to break. */
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = totalFramesRead;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__winmm(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;
    
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* The capture device needs to be started immediately. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        MMRESULT resultMM;
        WAVEHDR* pWAVEHDR;
        ma_uint32 iPeriod;

        pWAVEHDR = (WAVEHDR*)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture;

        /* Make sure the event is reset to a non-signaled state to ensure we don't prematurely return from WaitForSingleObject(). */
        ResetEvent((HANDLE)pDevice->winmm.hEventCapture);

        /* To start the device we attach all of the buffers and then start it. As the buffers are filled with data we will get notifications. */
        for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->capture.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
            resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveInAddBuffer)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveInAddBuffer)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture, &((LPWAVEHDR)pDevice->winmm.pWAVEHDRCapture)[iPeriod], sizeof(WAVEHDR));
            if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WinMM] Failed to attach input buffers to capture device in preparation for capture.", ma_result_from_MMRESULT(resultMM));
            }

            /* Make sure all of the buffers start out locked. We don't want to access them until the backend tells us we can. */
            pWAVEHDR[iPeriod].dwUser = 1;   /* 1 = locked. */
        }

        /* Capture devices need to be explicitly started, unlike playback devices. */
        resultMM = ((MA_PFN_waveInStart)pDevice->pContext->winmm.waveInStart)((HWAVEIN)pDevice->winmm.hDeviceCapture);
        if (resultMM != MMSYSERR_NOERROR) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[WinMM] Failed to start backend device.", ma_result_from_MMRESULT(resultMM));
        }
    }


    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                        capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__winmm(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                        ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                        ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));

                        /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                        which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                        */
                        if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                        /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                            ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            result = ma_device_write__winmm(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL);  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }

                            capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__winmm()... */
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                /* We read in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__winmm(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                    framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                /* We write in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                    result = ma_device_write__winmm(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        }
    }


    /* Here is where the device is started. */
    ma_device_stop__winmm(pDevice);

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__winmm(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_winmm);

    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__winmm(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

    pContext->winmm.hWinMM = ma_dlopen(pContext, "winmm.dll");
    if (pContext->winmm.hWinMM == NULL) {
        return MA_NO_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->winmm.waveOutGetNumDevs      = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutGetNumDevs");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutGetDevCapsA     = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutGetDevCapsA");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutOpen            = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutOpen");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutClose           = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutClose");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutPrepareHeader   = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutPrepareHeader");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutUnprepareHeader = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutUnprepareHeader");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutWrite           = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutWrite");
    pContext->winmm.waveOutReset           = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveOutReset");
    pContext->winmm.waveInGetNumDevs       = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInGetNumDevs");
    pContext->winmm.waveInGetDevCapsA      = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInGetDevCapsA");
    pContext->winmm.waveInOpen             = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInOpen");
    pContext->winmm.waveInClose            = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInClose");
    pContext->winmm.waveInPrepareHeader    = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInPrepareHeader");
    pContext->winmm.waveInUnprepareHeader  = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInUnprepareHeader");
    pContext->winmm.waveInAddBuffer        = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInAddBuffer");
    pContext->winmm.waveInStart            = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInStart");
    pContext->winmm.waveInReset            = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->winmm.hWinMM, "waveInReset");

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__winmm;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__winmm;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__winmm;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__winmm;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__winmm;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__winmm;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL; /* Not used with synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL; /* Not used with synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__winmm;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif




/******************************************************************************

ALSA Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_ALSA

#ifdef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING

/* asoundlib.h marks some functions with "inline" which isn't always supported. Need to emulate it. */
#if !defined(__cplusplus)
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #if !defined(inline)
            #define inline __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
            #define MA_INLINE_DEFINED
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#include <alsa/asoundlib.h>
#if defined(MA_INLINE_DEFINED)
    #undef inline
    #undef MA_INLINE_DEFINED
#endif

typedef snd_pcm_uframes_t                       ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t;
typedef snd_pcm_sframes_t                       ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t;
typedef snd_pcm_stream_t                        ma_snd_pcm_stream_t;
typedef snd_pcm_format_t                        ma_snd_pcm_format_t;
typedef snd_pcm_access_t                        ma_snd_pcm_access_t;
typedef snd_pcm_t                               ma_snd_pcm_t;
typedef snd_pcm_hw_params_t                     ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t;
typedef snd_pcm_sw_params_t                     ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t;
typedef snd_pcm_format_mask_t                   ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t;
typedef snd_pcm_info_t                          ma_snd_pcm_info_t;
typedef snd_pcm_channel_area_t                  ma_snd_pcm_channel_area_t;
typedef snd_pcm_chmap_t                         ma_snd_pcm_chmap_t;
typedef snd_pcm_state_t                         ma_snd_pcm_state_t;

/* snd_pcm_stream_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK              SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK
#define MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE               SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE

/* snd_pcm_format_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN               SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8                    SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE                SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE                SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE                SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE                SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE                SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE                SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE              SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE              SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE            SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE            SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW                SND_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW                 SND_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE               SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE               SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE

/* ma_snd_pcm_access_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED      SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED   SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX          SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED        SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED     SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED

/* Channel positions. */
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_UNKNOWN                    SND_CHMAP_UNKNOWN
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_NA                         SND_CHMAP_NA
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_MONO                       SND_CHMAP_MONO
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FL                         SND_CHMAP_FL
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FR                         SND_CHMAP_FR
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RL                         SND_CHMAP_RL
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RR                         SND_CHMAP_RR
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FC                         SND_CHMAP_FC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_LFE                        SND_CHMAP_LFE
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_SL                         SND_CHMAP_SL
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_SR                         SND_CHMAP_SR
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RC                         SND_CHMAP_RC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FLC                        SND_CHMAP_FLC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FRC                        SND_CHMAP_FRC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RLC                        SND_CHMAP_RLC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RRC                        SND_CHMAP_RRC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FLW                        SND_CHMAP_FLW
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FRW                        SND_CHMAP_FRW
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FLH                        SND_CHMAP_FLH
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FCH                        SND_CHMAP_FCH
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FRH                        SND_CHMAP_FRH
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TC                         SND_CHMAP_TC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFL                        SND_CHMAP_TFL
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFR                        SND_CHMAP_TFR
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFC                        SND_CHMAP_TFC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TRL                        SND_CHMAP_TRL
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TRR                        SND_CHMAP_TRR
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TRC                        SND_CHMAP_TRC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFLC                       SND_CHMAP_TFLC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFRC                       SND_CHMAP_TFRC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TSL                        SND_CHMAP_TSL
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TSR                        SND_CHMAP_TSR
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_LLFE                       SND_CHMAP_LLFE
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RLFE                       SND_CHMAP_RLFE
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_BC                         SND_CHMAP_BC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_BLC                        SND_CHMAP_BLC
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_BRC                        SND_CHMAP_BRC

/* Open mode flags. */
#define MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_RESAMPLE             SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_RESAMPLE
#define MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_CHANNELS             SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_CHANNELS
#define MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT               SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT
#else
#include <errno.h>  /* For EPIPE, etc. */
typedef unsigned long                           ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t;
typedef long                                    ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t;
typedef int                                     ma_snd_pcm_stream_t;
typedef int                                     ma_snd_pcm_format_t;
typedef int                                     ma_snd_pcm_access_t;
typedef int                                     ma_snd_pcm_state_t;
typedef struct ma_snd_pcm_t                     ma_snd_pcm_t;
typedef struct ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t           ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t;
typedef struct ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t           ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t;
typedef struct ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t         ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t;
typedef struct ma_snd_pcm_info_t                ma_snd_pcm_info_t;
typedef struct
{
    void* addr;
    unsigned int first;
    unsigned int step;
} ma_snd_pcm_channel_area_t;
typedef struct
{
    unsigned int channels;
    unsigned int pos[1];
} ma_snd_pcm_chmap_t;

/* snd_pcm_state_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_OPEN                  0
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_SETUP                 1
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_PREPARED              2
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_RUNNING               3
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_XRUN                  4
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_DRAINING              5
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_PAUSED                6
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_SUSPENDED             7
#define MA_SND_PCM_STATE_DISCONNECTED          8

/* snd_pcm_stream_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK             0
#define MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE              1

/* snd_pcm_format_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN              -1
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8                   1
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE               2
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE               3
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_LE               6
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_BE               7
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE               10
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE               11
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE             14
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE             15
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_LE           16
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT64_BE           17
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_MU_LAW               20
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_A_LAW                21
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE              32
#define MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE              33

/* snd_pcm_access_t */
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED     0
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_NONINTERLEAVED  1
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_COMPLEX         2
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED       3
#define MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_NONINTERLEAVED    4

/* Channel positions. */
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_UNKNOWN                   0
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_NA                        1
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_MONO                      2
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FL                        3
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FR                        4
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RL                        5
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RR                        6
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FC                        7
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_LFE                       8
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_SL                        9
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_SR                        10
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RC                        11
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FLC                       12
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FRC                       13
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RLC                       14
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RRC                       15
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FLW                       16
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FRW                       17
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FLH                       18
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FCH                       19
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_FRH                       20
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TC                        21
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFL                       22
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFR                       23
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFC                       24
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TRL                       25
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TRR                       26
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TRC                       27
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFLC                      28
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TFRC                      29
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TSL                       30
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_TSR                       31
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_LLFE                      32
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_RLFE                      33
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_BC                        34
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_BLC                       35
#define MA_SND_CHMAP_BRC                       36

/* Open mode flags. */
#define MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_RESAMPLE            0x00010000
#define MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_CHANNELS            0x00020000
#define MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT              0x00040000
#endif

typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_open_proc)                          (ma_snd_pcm_t **pcm, const char *name, ma_snd_pcm_stream_t stream, int mode);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)                         (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef size_t               (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof_proc)              (void);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_any_proc)                 (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_proc)          (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_format_t val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first_proc)    (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_format_t *format);
typedef void                 (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask_proc)     (ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t *mask);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near_proc)   (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample_proc)   (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near_proc)       (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val, int *dir);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near_proc)(ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t *val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near_proc)    (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val, int *dir);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access_proc)          (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_access_t _access);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_proc)          (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_format_t *format);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_proc)        (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min_proc)    (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max_proc)    (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_proc)            (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *rate, int *dir);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min_proc)        (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *rate, int *dir);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max_proc)        (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *rate, int *dir);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size_proc)     (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t *val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods_proc)         (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, unsigned int *val, int *dir);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access_proc)          (const ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_access_t *_access);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_proc)                     (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t *params);
typedef size_t               (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof_proc)              (void);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_current_proc)             (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary_proc)        (const ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t* val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min_proc)       (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold_proc) (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold_proc)  (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t val);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_proc)                     (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t *params);
typedef size_t               (* ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof_proc)            (void);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)              (const ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t *mask, ma_snd_pcm_format_t val);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_chmap_t * (* ma_snd_pcm_get_chmap_proc)                     (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_state_t   (* ma_snd_pcm_state_proc)                         (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_prepare_proc)                       (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_start_proc)                         (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_drop_proc)                          (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_drain_proc)                         (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_device_name_hint_proc)                  (int card, const char *iface, void ***hints);
typedef char *               (* ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)              (const void *hint, const char *id);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_card_get_index_proc)                    (const char *name);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_device_name_free_hint_proc)             (void **hints);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_mmap_begin_proc)                    (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, const ma_snd_pcm_channel_area_t **areas, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t *offset, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t *frames);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t (* ma_snd_pcm_mmap_commit_proc)                   (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t offset, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t frames);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)                       (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, int err, int silent);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t (* ma_snd_pcm_readi_proc)                         (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, void *buffer, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t size);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t (* ma_snd_pcm_writei_proc)                        (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, const void *buffer, ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t size);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t (* ma_snd_pcm_avail_proc)                         (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t (* ma_snd_pcm_avail_update_proc)                  (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_wait_proc)                          (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, int timeout);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_pcm_info_proc)                          (ma_snd_pcm_t *pcm, ma_snd_pcm_info_t* info);
typedef size_t               (* ma_snd_pcm_info_sizeof_proc)                   (void);
typedef const char*          (* ma_snd_pcm_info_get_name_proc)                 (const ma_snd_pcm_info_t* info);
typedef int                  (* ma_snd_config_update_free_global_proc)         (void);

/* This array specifies each of the common devices that can be used for both playback and capture. */
static const char* g_maCommonDeviceNamesALSA[] = {
    "default",
    "null",
    "pulse",
    "jack"
};

/* This array allows us to blacklist specific playback devices. */
static const char* g_maBlacklistedPlaybackDeviceNamesALSA[] = {
    ""
};

/* This array allows us to blacklist specific capture devices. */
static const char* g_maBlacklistedCaptureDeviceNamesALSA[] = {
    ""
};


/*
This array allows miniaudio to control device-specific default buffer sizes. This uses a scaling factor. Order is important. If
any part of the string is present in the device's name, the associated scale will be used.
*/
static struct
{
    const char* name;
    float scale;
} g_maDefaultBufferSizeScalesALSA[] = {
    {"bcm2835 IEC958/HDMI", 2.0f},
    {"bcm2835 ALSA",        2.0f}
};

static float ma_find_default_buffer_size_scale__alsa(const char* deviceName)
{
    size_t i;

    if (deviceName == NULL) {
        return 1;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(g_maDefaultBufferSizeScalesALSA); ++i) {
        if (strstr(g_maDefaultBufferSizeScalesALSA[i].name, deviceName) != NULL) {
            return g_maDefaultBufferSizeScalesALSA[i].scale;
        }
    }

    return 1;
}

static ma_snd_pcm_format_t ma_convert_ma_format_to_alsa_format(ma_format format)
{
    ma_snd_pcm_format_t ALSAFormats[] = {
        MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN,     /* ma_format_unknown */
        MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8,          /* ma_format_u8 */
        MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,      /* ma_format_s16 */
        MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,     /* ma_format_s24 */
        MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE,      /* ma_format_s32 */
        MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE     /* ma_format_f32 */
    };

    if (ma_is_big_endian()) {
        ALSAFormats[0] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
        ALSAFormats[1] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
        ALSAFormats[2] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE;
        ALSAFormats[3] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE;
        ALSAFormats[4] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE;
        ALSAFormats[5] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE;
    }

    return ALSAFormats[format];
}

static ma_format ma_format_from_alsa(ma_snd_pcm_format_t formatALSA)
{
    if (ma_is_little_endian()) {
        switch (formatALSA) {
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE:   return ma_format_s16;
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE:  return ma_format_s24;
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE:   return ma_format_s32;
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE: return ma_format_f32;
            default: break;
        }
    } else {
        switch (formatALSA) {
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE:   return ma_format_s16;
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE:  return ma_format_s24;
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE:   return ma_format_s32;
            case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE: return ma_format_f32;
            default: break;
        }
    }

    /* Endian agnostic. */
    switch (formatALSA) {
        case MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8: return ma_format_u8;
        default: return ma_format_unknown;
    }
}

static ma_channel ma_convert_alsa_channel_position_to_ma_channel(unsigned int alsaChannelPos)
{
    switch (alsaChannelPos)
    {
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_MONO: return MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FL:   return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FR:   return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_RL:   return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_RR:   return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FC:   return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_LFE:  return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_SL:   return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_SR:   return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_RC:   return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FLC:  return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FRC:  return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_RLC:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_RRC:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FLW:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FRW:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FLH:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FCH:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_FRH:  return 0;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TC:   return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TFL:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TFR:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TFC:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TRL:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TRR:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        case MA_SND_CHMAP_TRC:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        default: break;
    }

    return 0;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_is_common_device_name__alsa(const char* name)
{
    size_t iName;
    for (iName = 0; iName < ma_countof(g_maCommonDeviceNamesALSA); ++iName) {
        if (ma_strcmp(name, g_maCommonDeviceNamesALSA[iName]) == 0) {
            return MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return MA_FALSE;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_is_playback_device_blacklisted__alsa(const char* name)
{
    size_t iName;
    for (iName = 0; iName < ma_countof(g_maBlacklistedPlaybackDeviceNamesALSA); ++iName) {
        if (ma_strcmp(name, g_maBlacklistedPlaybackDeviceNamesALSA[iName]) == 0) {
            return MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return MA_FALSE;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_is_capture_device_blacklisted__alsa(const char* name)
{
    size_t iName;
    for (iName = 0; iName < ma_countof(g_maBlacklistedCaptureDeviceNamesALSA); ++iName) {
        if (ma_strcmp(name, g_maBlacklistedCaptureDeviceNamesALSA[iName]) == 0) {
            return MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return MA_FALSE;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_is_device_blacklisted__alsa(ma_device_type deviceType, const char* name)
{
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        return ma_is_playback_device_blacklisted__alsa(name);
    } else {
        return ma_is_capture_device_blacklisted__alsa(name);
    }
}


static const char* ma_find_char(const char* str, char c, int* index)
{
    int i = 0;
    for (;;) {
        if (str[i] == '\0') {
            if (index) *index = -1;
            return NULL;
        }

        if (str[i] == c) {
            if (index) *index = i;
            return str + i;
        }

        i += 1;
    }

    /* Should never get here, but treat it as though the character was not found to make me feel better inside. */
    if (index) *index = -1;
    return NULL;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_is_device_name_in_hw_format__alsa(const char* hwid)
{
    /* This function is just checking whether or not hwid is in "hw:%d,%d" format. */

    int commaPos;
    const char* dev;
    int i;

    if (hwid == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    if (hwid[0] != 'h' || hwid[1] != 'w' || hwid[2] != ':') {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    hwid += 3;

    dev = ma_find_char(hwid, ',', &commaPos);
    if (dev == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    } else {
        dev += 1;   /* Skip past the ",". */
    }

    /* Check if the part between the ":" and the "," contains only numbers. If not, return false. */
    for (i = 0; i < commaPos; ++i) {
        if (hwid[i] < '0' || hwid[i] > '9') {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }
    }

    /* Check if everything after the "," is numeric. If not, return false. */
    i = 0;
    while (dev[i] != '\0') {
        if (dev[i] < '0' || dev[i] > '9') {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }
        i += 1;
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

static int ma_convert_device_name_to_hw_format__alsa(ma_context* pContext, char* dst, size_t dstSize, const char* src)  /* Returns 0 on success, non-0 on error. */
{
    /* src should look something like this: "hw:CARD=I82801AAICH,DEV=0" */

    int colonPos;
    int commaPos;
    char card[256];
    const char* dev;
    int cardIndex;

    if (dst == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }
    if (dstSize < 7) {
        return -1;     /* Absolute minimum size of the output buffer is 7 bytes. */
    }

    *dst = '\0';    /* Safety. */
    if (src == NULL) {
        return -1;
    }

    /* If the input name is already in "hw:%d,%d" format, just return that verbatim. */
    if (ma_is_device_name_in_hw_format__alsa(src)) {
        return ma_strcpy_s(dst, dstSize, src);
    }

    src = ma_find_char(src, ':', &colonPos);
    if (src == NULL) {
        return -1;  /* Couldn't find a colon */
    }

    dev = ma_find_char(src, ',', &commaPos);
    if (dev == NULL) {
        dev = "0";
        ma_strncpy_s(card, sizeof(card), src+6, (size_t)-1);   /* +6 = ":CARD=" */
    } else {
        dev = dev + 5;  /* +5 = ",DEV=" */
        ma_strncpy_s(card, sizeof(card), src+6, commaPos-6);   /* +6 = ":CARD=" */
    }

    cardIndex = ((ma_snd_card_get_index_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_card_get_index)(card);
    if (cardIndex < 0) {
        return -2;  /* Failed to retrieve the card index. */
    }

    /*printf("TESTING: CARD=%s,DEV=%s\n", card, dev); */


    /* Construction. */
    dst[0] = 'h'; dst[1] = 'w'; dst[2] = ':';
    if (ma_itoa_s(cardIndex, dst+3, dstSize-3, 10) != 0) {
        return -3;
    }
    if (ma_strcat_s(dst, dstSize, ",") != 0) {
        return -3;
    }
    if (ma_strcat_s(dst, dstSize, dev) != 0) {
        return -3;
    }

    return 0;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_does_id_exist_in_list__alsa(ma_device_id* pUniqueIDs, ma_uint32 count, const char* pHWID)
{
    ma_uint32 i;

    MA_ASSERT(pHWID != NULL);

    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (ma_strcmp(pUniqueIDs[i].alsa, pHWID) == 0) {
            return MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return MA_FALSE;
}


static ma_result ma_context_open_pcm__alsa(ma_context* pContext, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, int openMode, ma_snd_pcm_t** ppPCM)
{
    ma_snd_pcm_t* pPCM;
    ma_snd_pcm_stream_t stream;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppPCM != NULL);

    *ppPCM = NULL;
    pPCM = NULL;

    stream = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK : MA_SND_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE;

    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        ma_bool32 isDeviceOpen;
        size_t i;

        /*
        We're opening the default device. I don't know if trying anything other than "default" is necessary, but it makes
        me feel better to try as hard as we can get to get _something_ working.
        */
        const char* defaultDeviceNames[] = {
            "default",
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL,
            NULL
        };

        if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
            defaultDeviceNames[1] = "hw";
            defaultDeviceNames[2] = "hw:0";
            defaultDeviceNames[3] = "hw:0,0";
        } else {
            if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                defaultDeviceNames[1] = "dmix";
                defaultDeviceNames[2] = "dmix:0";
                defaultDeviceNames[3] = "dmix:0,0";
            } else {
                defaultDeviceNames[1] = "dsnoop";
                defaultDeviceNames[2] = "dsnoop:0";
                defaultDeviceNames[3] = "dsnoop:0,0";
            }
            defaultDeviceNames[4] = "hw";
            defaultDeviceNames[5] = "hw:0";
            defaultDeviceNames[6] = "hw:0,0";
        }

        isDeviceOpen = MA_FALSE;
        for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(defaultDeviceNames); ++i) {
            if (defaultDeviceNames[i] != NULL && defaultDeviceNames[i][0] != '\0') {
                if (((ma_snd_pcm_open_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open)(&pPCM, defaultDeviceNames[i], stream, openMode) == 0) {
                    isDeviceOpen = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (!isDeviceOpen) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] snd_pcm_open() failed when trying to open an appropriate default device.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
        }
    } else {
        /*
        We're trying to open a specific device. There's a few things to consider here:
        
        miniaudio recongnizes a special format of device id that excludes the "hw", "dmix", etc. prefix. It looks like this: ":0,0", ":0,1", etc. When
        an ID of this format is specified, it indicates to miniaudio that it can try different combinations of plugins ("hw", "dmix", etc.) until it
        finds an appropriate one that works. This comes in very handy when trying to open a device in shared mode ("dmix"), vs exclusive mode ("hw").
        */

        /* May end up needing to make small adjustments to the ID, so make a copy. */
        ma_device_id deviceID = *pDeviceID;
        int resultALSA = -ENODEV;

        if (deviceID.alsa[0] != ':') {
            /* The ID is not in ":0,0" format. Use the ID exactly as-is. */
            resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_open_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open)(&pPCM, deviceID.alsa, stream, openMode);
        } else {
            char hwid[256];

            /* The ID is in ":0,0" format. Try different plugins depending on the shared mode. */
            if (deviceID.alsa[1] == '\0') {
                deviceID.alsa[0] = '\0';  /* An ID of ":" should be converted to "". */
            }

            if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_shared) {
                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    ma_strcpy_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), "dmix");
                } else {
                    ma_strcpy_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), "dsnoop");
                }

                if (ma_strcat_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), deviceID.alsa) == 0) {
                    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_open_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open)(&pPCM, hwid, stream, openMode);
                }
            }

            /* If at this point we still don't have an open device it means we're either preferencing exclusive mode or opening with "dmix"/"dsnoop" failed. */
            if (resultALSA != 0) {
                ma_strcpy_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), "hw");
                if (ma_strcat_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), deviceID.alsa) == 0) {
                    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_open_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open)(&pPCM, hwid, stream, openMode);
                }
            }
        }

        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] snd_pcm_open() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
    }

    *ppPCM = pPCM;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__alsa(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return ma_strcmp(pID0->alsa, pID1->alsa) == 0;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__alsa(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    int resultALSA;
    ma_bool32 cbResult = MA_TRUE;
    char** ppDeviceHints;
    ma_device_id* pUniqueIDs = NULL;
    ma_uint32 uniqueIDCount = 0;
    char** ppNextDeviceHint;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    ma_mutex_lock(&pContext->alsa.internalDeviceEnumLock);

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_device_name_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_hint)(-1, "pcm", (void***)&ppDeviceHints);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma_mutex_unlock(&pContext->alsa.internalDeviceEnumLock);
        return ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA);
    }

    ppNextDeviceHint = ppDeviceHints;
    while (*ppNextDeviceHint != NULL) {
        char* NAME = ((ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint)(*ppNextDeviceHint, "NAME");
        char* DESC = ((ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint)(*ppNextDeviceHint, "DESC");
        char* IOID = ((ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint)(*ppNextDeviceHint, "IOID");
        ma_device_type deviceType = ma_device_type_playback;
        ma_bool32 stopEnumeration = MA_FALSE;
        char hwid[sizeof(pUniqueIDs->alsa)];
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;

        if ((IOID == NULL || ma_strcmp(IOID, "Output") == 0)) {
            deviceType = ma_device_type_playback;
        }
        if ((IOID != NULL && ma_strcmp(IOID, "Input" ) == 0)) {
            deviceType = ma_device_type_capture;
        }

        if (NAME != NULL) {
            if (pContext->alsa.useVerboseDeviceEnumeration) {
                /* Verbose mode. Use the name exactly as-is. */
                ma_strncpy_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), NAME, (size_t)-1);
            } else {
                /* Simplified mode. Use ":%d,%d" format. */
                if (ma_convert_device_name_to_hw_format__alsa(pContext, hwid, sizeof(hwid), NAME) == 0) {
                    /*
                    At this point, hwid looks like "hw:0,0". In simplified enumeration mode, we actually want to strip off the
                    plugin name so it looks like ":0,0". The reason for this is that this special format is detected at device
                    initialization time and is used as an indicator to try and use the most appropriate plugin depending on the
                    device type and sharing mode.
                    */
                    char* dst = hwid;
                    char* src = hwid+2;
                    while ((*dst++ = *src++));
                } else {
                    /* Conversion to "hw:%d,%d" failed. Just use the name as-is. */
                    ma_strncpy_s(hwid, sizeof(hwid), NAME, (size_t)-1);
                }

                if (ma_does_id_exist_in_list__alsa(pUniqueIDs, uniqueIDCount, hwid)) {
                    goto next_device;   /* The device has already been enumerated. Move on to the next one. */
                } else {
                    /* The device has not yet been enumerated. Make sure it's added to our list so that it's not enumerated again. */
                    size_t oldCapacity = sizeof(*pUniqueIDs) *  uniqueIDCount;
                    size_t newCapacity = sizeof(*pUniqueIDs) * (uniqueIDCount + 1);
                    ma_device_id* pNewUniqueIDs = (ma_device_id*)ma__realloc_from_callbacks(pUniqueIDs, newCapacity, oldCapacity, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                    if (pNewUniqueIDs == NULL) {
                        goto next_device;   /* Failed to allocate memory. */
                    }

                    pUniqueIDs = pNewUniqueIDs;
                    MA_COPY_MEMORY(pUniqueIDs[uniqueIDCount].alsa, hwid, sizeof(hwid));
                    uniqueIDCount += 1;
                }
            }
        } else {
            MA_ZERO_MEMORY(hwid, sizeof(hwid));
        }

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.id.alsa, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.alsa), hwid, (size_t)-1);

        /*
        DESC is the friendly name. We treat this slightly differently depending on whether or not we are using verbose
        device enumeration. In verbose mode we want to take the entire description so that the end-user can distinguish
        between the subdevices of each card/dev pair. In simplified mode, however, we only want the first part of the
        description.
        
        The value in DESC seems to be split into two lines, with the first line being the name of the device and the
        second line being a description of the device. I don't like having the description be across two lines because
        it makes formatting ugly and annoying. I'm therefore deciding to put it all on a single line with the second line
        being put into parentheses. In simplified mode I'm just stripping the second line entirely.
        */
        if (DESC != NULL) {
            int lfPos;
            const char* line2 = ma_find_char(DESC, '\n', &lfPos);
            if (line2 != NULL) {
                line2 += 1; /* Skip past the new-line character. */

                if (pContext->alsa.useVerboseDeviceEnumeration) {
                    /* Verbose mode. Put the second line in brackets. */
                    ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), DESC, lfPos);
                    ma_strcat_s (deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), " (");
                    ma_strcat_s (deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), line2);
                    ma_strcat_s (deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), ")");
                } else {
                    /* Simplified mode. Strip the second line entirely. */
                    ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), DESC, lfPos);
                }
            } else {
                /* There's no second line. Just copy the whole description. */
                ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), DESC, (size_t)-1);
            }
        }

        if (!ma_is_device_blacklisted__alsa(deviceType, NAME)) {
            cbResult = callback(pContext, deviceType, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
        }

        /*
        Some devices are both playback and capture, but they are only enumerated by ALSA once. We need to fire the callback
        again for the other device type in this case. We do this for known devices.
        */
        if (cbResult) {
            if (ma_is_common_device_name__alsa(NAME)) {
                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    if (!ma_is_capture_device_blacklisted__alsa(NAME)) {
                        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                    }
                } else {
                    if (!ma_is_playback_device_blacklisted__alsa(NAME)) {
                        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (cbResult == MA_FALSE) {
            stopEnumeration = MA_TRUE;
        }

    next_device:
        free(NAME);
        free(DESC);
        free(IOID);
        ppNextDeviceHint += 1;

        /* We need to stop enumeration if the callback returned false. */
        if (stopEnumeration) {
            break;
        }
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pUniqueIDs, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    ((ma_snd_device_name_free_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_free_hint)((void**)ppDeviceHints);

    ma_mutex_unlock(&pContext->alsa.internalDeviceEnumLock);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


typedef struct
{
    ma_device_type deviceType;
    const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;
    ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo;
    ma_bool32 foundDevice;
} ma_context_get_device_info_enum_callback_data__alsa;

static ma_bool32 ma_context_get_device_info_enum_callback__alsa(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context_get_device_info_enum_callback_data__alsa* pData = (ma_context_get_device_info_enum_callback_data__alsa*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);

    if (pData->pDeviceID == NULL && ma_strcmp(pDeviceInfo->id.alsa, "default") == 0) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->name), pDeviceInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
        pData->foundDevice = MA_TRUE;
    } else {
        if (pData->deviceType == deviceType && ma_context_is_device_id_equal__alsa(pContext, pData->pDeviceID, &pDeviceInfo->id)) {
            ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->name), pDeviceInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
            pData->foundDevice = MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    /* Keep enumerating until we have found the device. */
    return !pData->foundDevice;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__alsa(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_context_get_device_info_enum_callback_data__alsa data;
    ma_result result;
    int resultALSA;
    ma_snd_pcm_t* pPCM;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t* pHWParams;
    ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t* pFormatMask;
    int sampleRateDir = 0;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* We just enumerate to find basic information about the device. */
    data.deviceType = deviceType;
    data.pDeviceID = pDeviceID;
    data.shareMode = shareMode;
    data.pDeviceInfo = pDeviceInfo;
    data.foundDevice = MA_FALSE;
    result = ma_context_enumerate_devices__alsa(pContext, ma_context_get_device_info_enum_callback__alsa, &data);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    if (!data.foundDevice) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }

    /* For detailed info we need to open the device. */
    result = ma_context_open_pcm__alsa(pContext, shareMode, deviceType, pDeviceID, 0, &pPCM);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* We need to initialize a HW parameters object in order to know what formats are supported. */
    pHWParams = (ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof)(), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pHWParams == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_any_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_any)(pPCM, pHWParams);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to initialize hardware parameters. snd_pcm_hw_params_any() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }

    ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min)(pHWParams, &pDeviceInfo->minChannels);
    ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max)(pHWParams, &pDeviceInfo->maxChannels);
    ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min)(pHWParams, &pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate, &sampleRateDir);
    ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max)(pHWParams, &pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate, &sampleRateDir);

    /* Formats. */
    pFormatMask = (ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof)(), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pFormatMask == NULL) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask)(pHWParams, pFormatMask);

    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 0;
    if (((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8)) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_u8;
    }
    if (((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE)) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_s16;
    }
    if (((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE)) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_s24;
    }
    if (((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE)) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_s32;
    }
    if (((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE)) {
        pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_f32;
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pFormatMask, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);

    ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


#if 0
/*
Waits for a number of frames to become available for either capture or playback. The return
value is the number of frames available.

This will return early if the main loop is broken with ma_device__break_main_loop().
*/
static ma_uint32 ma_device__wait_for_frames__alsa(ma_device* pDevice, ma_bool32* pRequiresRestart)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pRequiresRestart) *pRequiresRestart = MA_FALSE;

    /* I want it so that this function returns the period size in frames. We just wait until that number of frames are available and then return. */
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->bufferSizeInFrames / pDevice->periods;
    while (!pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
        ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t framesAvailable = ((ma_snd_pcm_avail_update_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail_update)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM);
        if (framesAvailable < 0) {
            if (framesAvailable == -EPIPE) {
                if (((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, framesAvailable, MA_TRUE) < 0) {
                    return 0;
                }

                /* A device recovery means a restart for mmap mode. */
                if (pRequiresRestart) {
                    *pRequiresRestart = MA_TRUE;
                }

                /* Try again, but if it fails this time just return an error. */
                framesAvailable = ((ma_snd_pcm_avail_update_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail_update)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM);
                if (framesAvailable < 0) {
                    return 0;
                }
            }
        }

        if (framesAvailable >= periodSizeInFrames) {
            return periodSizeInFrames;
        }

        if (framesAvailable < periodSizeInFrames) {
            /* Less than a whole period is available so keep waiting. */
            int waitResult = ((ma_snd_pcm_wait_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_wait)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, -1);
            if (waitResult < 0) {
                if (waitResult == -EPIPE) {
                    if (((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, waitResult, MA_TRUE) < 0) {
                        return 0;
                    }

                    /* A device recovery means a restart for mmap mode. */
                    if (pRequiresRestart) {
                        *pRequiresRestart = MA_TRUE;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* We'll get here if the loop was terminated. Just return whatever's available. */
    ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t framesAvailable = ((ma_snd_pcm_avail_update_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail_update)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM);
    if (framesAvailable < 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    return framesAvailable;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_device_read_from_client_and_write__alsa(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    if (!ma_device_is_started(pDevice) && ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_STARTING) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }
    if (pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    if (pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMap) {
        /* mmap. */
        ma_bool32 requiresRestart;
        ma_uint32 framesAvailable = ma_device__wait_for_frames__alsa(pDevice, &requiresRestart);
        if (framesAvailable == 0) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }

        /* Don't bother asking the client for more audio data if we're just stopping the device anyway. */
        if (pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }

        const ma_snd_pcm_channel_area_t* pAreas;
        ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t mappedOffset;
        ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t mappedFrames = framesAvailable;
        while (framesAvailable > 0) {
            int result = ((ma_snd_pcm_mmap_begin_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_begin)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, &pAreas, &mappedOffset, &mappedFrames);
            if (result < 0) {
                return MA_FALSE;
            }

            if (mappedFrames > 0) {
                void* pBuffer = (ma_uint8*)pAreas[0].addr + ((pAreas[0].first + (mappedOffset * pAreas[0].step)) / 8);
                ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, mappedFrames, pBuffer);
            }

            result = ((ma_snd_pcm_mmap_commit_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_commit)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, mappedOffset, mappedFrames);
            if (result < 0 || (ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t)result != mappedFrames) {
                ((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, result, MA_TRUE);
                return MA_FALSE;
            }

            if (requiresRestart) {
                if (((ma_snd_pcm_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM) < 0) {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            }

            if (framesAvailable >= mappedFrames) {
                framesAvailable -= mappedFrames;
            } else {
                framesAvailable = 0;
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* readi/writei. */
        while (!pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
            ma_uint32 framesAvailable = ma_device__wait_for_frames__alsa(pDevice, NULL);
            if (framesAvailable == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            /* Don't bother asking the client for more audio data if we're just stopping the device anyway. */
            if (pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
                return MA_FALSE;
            }

            ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesAvailable, pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer);

            ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t framesWritten = ((ma_snd_pcm_writei_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_writei)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer, framesAvailable);
            if (framesWritten < 0) {
                if (framesWritten == -EAGAIN) {
                    continue;   /* Just keep trying... */
                } else if (framesWritten == -EPIPE) {
                    /* Underrun. Just recover and try writing again. */
                    if (((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, framesWritten, MA_TRUE) < 0) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to recover device after underrun.", MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE);
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }

                    framesWritten = ((ma_snd_pcm_writei_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_writei)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer, framesAvailable);
                    if (framesWritten < 0) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to write data to the internal device.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-framesWritten));
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }

                    break;  /* Success. */
                } else {
                    ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] snd_pcm_writei() failed when writing initial data.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-framesWritten));
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            } else {
                break;  /* Success. */
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_device_read_and_send_to_client__alsa(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    if (!ma_device_is_started(pDevice)) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }
    if (pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    ma_uint32 framesToSend = 0;
    void* pBuffer = NULL;
    if (pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer == NULL) {
        /* mmap. */
        ma_bool32 requiresRestart;
        ma_uint32 framesAvailable = ma_device__wait_for_frames__alsa(pDevice, &requiresRestart);
        if (framesAvailable == 0) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }

        const ma_snd_pcm_channel_area_t* pAreas;
        ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t mappedOffset;
        ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t mappedFrames = framesAvailable;
        while (framesAvailable > 0) {
            int result = ((ma_snd_pcm_mmap_begin_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_begin)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, &pAreas, &mappedOffset, &mappedFrames);
            if (result < 0) {
                return MA_FALSE;
            }

            if (mappedFrames > 0) {
                void* pBuffer = (ma_uint8*)pAreas[0].addr + ((pAreas[0].first + (mappedOffset * pAreas[0].step)) / 8);
                ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, mappedFrames, pBuffer);
            }

            result = ((ma_snd_pcm_mmap_commit_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_commit)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, mappedOffset, mappedFrames);
            if (result < 0 || (ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t)result != mappedFrames) {
                ((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, result, MA_TRUE);
                return MA_FALSE;
            }

            if (requiresRestart) {
                if (((ma_snd_pcm_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM) < 0) {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            }

            if (framesAvailable >= mappedFrames) {
                framesAvailable -= mappedFrames;
            } else {
                framesAvailable = 0;
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* readi/writei. */
        ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t framesRead = 0;
        while (!pDevice->alsa.breakFromMainLoop) {
            ma_uint32 framesAvailable = ma_device__wait_for_frames__alsa(pDevice, NULL);
            if (framesAvailable == 0) {
                continue;
            }

            framesRead = ((ma_snd_pcm_readi_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_readi)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer, framesAvailable);
            if (framesRead < 0) {
                if (framesRead == -EAGAIN) {
                    continue;   /* Just keep trying... */
                } else if (framesRead == -EPIPE) {
                    /* Overrun. Just recover and try reading again. */
                    if (((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, framesRead, MA_TRUE) < 0) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to recover device after overrun.", MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE);
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }

                    framesRead = ((ma_snd_pcm_readi_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_readi)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCM, pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer, framesAvailable);
                    if (framesRead < 0) {
                        ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to read data from the internal device.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-framesRead));
                        return MA_FALSE;
                    }

                    break;  /* Success. */
                } else {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            } else {
                break;  /* Success. */
            }
        }

        framesToSend = framesRead;
        pBuffer = pDevice->alsa.pIntermediaryBuffer;
    }

    if (framesToSend > 0) {
        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesToSend, pBuffer);
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}
#endif /* 0 */

static void ma_device_uninit__alsa(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if ((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture) {
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture);
    }

    if ((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback) {
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_device_init_by_type__alsa(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    int resultALSA;
    ma_snd_pcm_t* pPCM;
    ma_bool32 isUsingMMap;
    ma_snd_pcm_format_t formatALSA;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;
    const ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
    ma_format internalFormat;
    ma_uint32 internalChannels;
    ma_uint32 internalSampleRate;
    ma_channel internalChannelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
    ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    ma_uint32 internalPeriods;
    int openMode;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t* pHWParams;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t* pSWParams;
    ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t bufferBoundary;
    float bufferSizeScaleFactor;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex); /* This function should only be called for playback _or_ capture, never duplex. */
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    formatALSA = ma_convert_ma_format_to_alsa_format((deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pConfig->capture.format : pConfig->playback.format);
    shareMode  = (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pConfig->capture.shareMode : pConfig->playback.shareMode;
    pDeviceID  = (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pConfig->capture.pDeviceID : pConfig->playback.pDeviceID;

    openMode = 0;
    if (pConfig->alsa.noAutoResample) {
        openMode |= MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_RESAMPLE;
    }
    if (pConfig->alsa.noAutoChannels) {
        openMode |= MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_CHANNELS;
    }
    if (pConfig->alsa.noAutoFormat) {
        openMode |= MA_SND_PCM_NO_AUTO_FORMAT;
    }

    result = ma_context_open_pcm__alsa(pContext, shareMode, deviceType, pDeviceID, openMode, &pPCM);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* If using the default buffer size we may want to apply some device-specific scaling for known devices that have peculiar latency characteristics */
    bufferSizeScaleFactor = 1;
    if (pDevice->usingDefaultBufferSize) {
        ma_snd_pcm_info_t* pInfo = (ma_snd_pcm_info_t*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(((ma_snd_pcm_info_sizeof_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info_sizeof)(), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pInfo == NULL) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        /* We may need to scale the size of the buffer depending on the device. */
        if (((ma_snd_pcm_info_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info)(pPCM, pInfo) == 0) {
            const char* deviceName = ((ma_snd_pcm_info_get_name_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info_get_name)(pInfo);
            if (deviceName != NULL) {
                if (ma_strcmp(deviceName, "default") == 0) {
                    char** ppDeviceHints;
                    char** ppNextDeviceHint;

                    /* It's the default device. We need to use DESC from snd_device_name_hint(). */
                    if (((ma_snd_device_name_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_hint)(-1, "pcm", (void***)&ppDeviceHints) < 0) {
                        ma__free_from_callbacks(pInfo, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                        return MA_NO_BACKEND;
                    }

                    ppNextDeviceHint = ppDeviceHints;
                    while (*ppNextDeviceHint != NULL) {
                        char* NAME = ((ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint)(*ppNextDeviceHint, "NAME");
                        char* DESC = ((ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint)(*ppNextDeviceHint, "DESC");
                        char* IOID = ((ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint)(*ppNextDeviceHint, "IOID");

                        ma_bool32 foundDevice = MA_FALSE;
                        if ((deviceType == ma_device_type_playback && (IOID == NULL || ma_strcmp(IOID, "Output") == 0)) ||
                            (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  && (IOID != NULL && ma_strcmp(IOID, "Input" ) == 0))) {
                            if (ma_strcmp(NAME, deviceName) == 0) {
                                bufferSizeScaleFactor = ma_find_default_buffer_size_scale__alsa(DESC);
                                foundDevice = MA_TRUE;
                            }
                        }

                        free(NAME);
                        free(DESC);
                        free(IOID);
                        ppNextDeviceHint += 1;

                        if (foundDevice) {
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    ((ma_snd_device_name_free_hint_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_free_hint)((void**)ppDeviceHints);
                } else {
                    bufferSizeScaleFactor = ma_find_default_buffer_size_scale__alsa(deviceName);
                }
            }
        }

        ma__free_from_callbacks(pInfo, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }


    /* Hardware parameters. */
    pHWParams = (ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_t*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof)(), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pHWParams == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_any_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_any)(pPCM, pHWParams);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to initialize hardware parameters. snd_pcm_hw_params_any() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }

    /* MMAP Mode. Try using interleaved MMAP access. If this fails, fall back to standard readi/writei. */
    isUsingMMap = MA_FALSE;
#if 0   /* NOTE: MMAP mode temporarily disabled. */
    if (deviceType != ma_device_type_capture) {    /* <-- Disabling MMAP mode for capture devices because I apparently do not have a device that supports it which means I can't test it... Contributions welcome. */
        if (!pConfig->alsa.noMMap && ma_device__is_async(pDevice)) {
            if (((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access)(pPCM, pHWParams, MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED) == 0) {
                pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMap = MA_TRUE;
            }
        }
    }
#endif

    if (!isUsingMMap) {
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access)(pPCM, pHWParams, MA_SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set access mode to neither SND_PCM_ACCESS_MMAP_INTERLEAVED nor SND_PCM_ACCESS_RW_INTERLEAVED. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
    }

    /*
    Most important properties first. The documentation for OSS (yes, I know this is ALSA!) recommends format, channels, then sample rate. I can't
    find any documentation for ALSA specifically, so I'm going to copy the recommendation for OSS.
    */

    /* Format. */
    {
        ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t* pFormatMask;

        /* Try getting every supported format first. */
        pFormatMask = (ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_t*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof)(), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pFormatMask == NULL) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask)(pHWParams, pFormatMask);

        /*
        At this point we should have a list of supported formats, so now we need to find the best one. We first check if the requested format is
        supported, and if so, use that one. If it's not supported, we just run though a list of formats and try to find the best one.
        */
        if (!((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, formatALSA)) {
            size_t i;

            /* The requested format is not supported so now try running through the list of formats and return the best one. */
            ma_snd_pcm_format_t preferredFormatsALSA[] = {
                MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE,      /* ma_format_s16 */
                MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_LE,    /* ma_format_f32 */
                MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_LE,      /* ma_format_s32 */
                MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3LE,     /* ma_format_s24 */
                MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8           /* ma_format_u8 */
            };

            if (ma_is_big_endian()) {
                preferredFormatsALSA[0] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S16_BE;
                preferredFormatsALSA[1] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_FLOAT_BE;
                preferredFormatsALSA[2] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S32_BE;
                preferredFormatsALSA[3] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_S24_3BE;
                preferredFormatsALSA[4] = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_U8;
            }

            formatALSA = MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN;
            for (i = 0; i < (sizeof(preferredFormatsALSA) / sizeof(preferredFormatsALSA[0])); ++i) {
                if (((ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test)(pFormatMask, preferredFormatsALSA[i])) {
                    formatALSA = preferredFormatsALSA[i];
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (formatALSA == MA_SND_PCM_FORMAT_UNKNOWN) {
                ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Format not supported. The device does not support any miniaudio formats.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
            }
        }

        ma__free_from_callbacks(pFormatMask, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        pFormatMask = NULL;

        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format)(pPCM, pHWParams, formatALSA);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Format not supported. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
        
        internalFormat = ma_format_from_alsa(formatALSA);
        if (internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] The chosen format is not supported by miniaudio.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }
    }

    /* Channels. */
    {
        unsigned int channels = (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pConfig->capture.channels : pConfig->playback.channels;
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near)(pPCM, pHWParams, &channels);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set channel count. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
        internalChannels = (ma_uint32)channels;
    }

    /* Sample Rate */
    {
        unsigned int sampleRate;

        /*
        It appears there's either a bug in ALSA, a bug in some drivers, or I'm doing something silly; but having resampling enabled causes
        problems with some device configurations when used in conjunction with MMAP access mode. To fix this problem we need to disable
        resampling.
        
        To reproduce this problem, open the "plug:dmix" device, and set the sample rate to 44100. Internally, it looks like dmix uses a
        sample rate of 48000. The hardware parameters will get set correctly with no errors, but it looks like the 44100 -> 48000 resampling
        doesn't work properly - but only with MMAP access mode. You will notice skipping/crackling in the audio, and it'll run at a slightly
        faster rate.
        
        miniaudio has built-in support for sample rate conversion (albeit low quality at the moment), so disabling resampling should be fine
        for us. The only problem is that it won't be taking advantage of any kind of hardware-accelerated resampling and it won't be very
        good quality until I get a chance to improve the quality of miniaudio's software sample rate conversion.
        
        I don't currently know if the dmix plugin is the only one with this error. Indeed, this is the only one I've been able to reproduce
        this error with. In the future, we may want to restrict the disabling of resampling to only known bad plugins.
        */
        ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample)(pPCM, pHWParams, 0);

        sampleRate = pConfig->sampleRate;
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near)(pPCM, pHWParams, &sampleRate, 0);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Sample rate not supported. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
        internalSampleRate = (ma_uint32)sampleRate;
    }

    /* Periods. */
    {
        ma_uint32 periods = pConfig->periods;
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near)(pPCM, pHWParams, &periods, NULL);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set period count. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
        internalPeriods = periods;
    }

    /* Buffer Size */
    {
        ma_snd_pcm_uframes_t actualBufferSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames * internalPeriods;
        if (actualBufferSizeInFrames == 0) {
            actualBufferSizeInFrames = ma_scale_buffer_size(ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, internalSampleRate), bufferSizeScaleFactor) * internalPeriods;
        }

        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near)(pPCM, pHWParams, &actualBufferSizeInFrames);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set buffer size for device. snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = actualBufferSizeInFrames / internalPeriods;
    }

    /* Apply hardware parameters. */
    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params)(pPCM, pHWParams);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set hardware parameters. snd_pcm_hw_params() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pHWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    pHWParams = NULL;


    /* Software parameters. */
    pSWParams = (ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_t*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof)(), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pSWParams == NULL) {
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_current_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_current)(pPCM, pSWParams);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pSWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to initialize software parameters. snd_pcm_sw_params_current() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min)(pPCM, pSWParams, ma_prev_power_of_2(internalPeriodSizeInFrames));
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pSWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary)(pSWParams, &bufferBoundary);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        bufferBoundary = internalPeriodSizeInFrames * internalPeriods;
    }

    /*printf("TRACE: bufferBoundary=%ld\n", bufferBoundary);*/

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback && !isUsingMMap) {   /* Only playback devices in writei/readi mode need a start threshold. */
        /*
        Subtle detail here with the start threshold. When in playback-only mode (no full-duplex) we can set the start threshold to
        the size of a period. But for full-duplex we need to set it such that it is at least two periods.
        */
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold)(pPCM, pSWParams, internalPeriodSizeInFrames*2);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pSWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set start threshold for playback device. snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }

        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold)(pPCM, pSWParams, bufferBoundary);
        if (resultALSA < 0) { /* Set to boundary to loop instead of stop in the event of an xrun. */
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pSWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set stop threshold for playback device. snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
    }

    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params)(pPCM, pSWParams);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pSWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to set software parameters. snd_pcm_sw_params() failed.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pSWParams, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    pSWParams = NULL;


    /* Grab the internal channel map. For now we're not going to bother trying to change the channel map and instead just do it ourselves. */
    {
        ma_snd_pcm_chmap_t* pChmap = ((ma_snd_pcm_get_chmap_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_get_chmap)(pPCM);
        if (pChmap != NULL) {
            ma_uint32 iChannel;

            /* There are cases where the returned channel map can have a different channel count than was returned by snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near(). */
            if (pChmap->channels >= internalChannels) {
                /* Drop excess channels. */
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
                    internalChannelMap[iChannel] = ma_convert_alsa_channel_position_to_ma_channel(pChmap->pos[iChannel]);
                }
            } else {
                ma_uint32 i;

                /*
                Excess channels use defaults. Do an initial fill with defaults, overwrite the first pChmap->channels, validate to ensure there are no duplicate
                channels. If validation fails, fall back to defaults.
                */
                ma_bool32 isValid = MA_TRUE;

                /* Fill with defaults. */
                ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_alsa, internalChannels, internalChannelMap);

                /* Overwrite first pChmap->channels channels. */
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pChmap->channels; ++iChannel) {
                    internalChannelMap[iChannel] = ma_convert_alsa_channel_position_to_ma_channel(pChmap->pos[iChannel]);
                }

                /* Validate. */
                for (i = 0; i < internalChannels && isValid; ++i) {
                    ma_uint32 j;
                    for (j = i+1; j < internalChannels; ++j) {
                        if (internalChannelMap[i] == internalChannelMap[j]) {
                            isValid = MA_FALSE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }

                /* If our channel map is invalid, fall back to defaults. */
                if (!isValid) {
                    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_alsa, internalChannels, internalChannelMap);
                }
            }

            free(pChmap);
            pChmap = NULL;
        } else {
            /* Could not retrieve the channel map. Fall back to a hard-coded assumption. */
            ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_alsa, internalChannels, internalChannelMap);
        }
    }


    /* We're done. Prepare the device. */
    resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_prepare_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_prepare)(pPCM);
    if (resultALSA < 0) {
        ((ma_snd_pcm_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close)(pPCM);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to prepare device.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
    }


    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture                    = (ma_ptr)pPCM;
        pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMapCapture             = isUsingMMap;
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat              = internalFormat;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels            = internalChannels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate          = internalSampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, internalChannelMap, internalChannels);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames  = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods             = internalPeriods;
    } else {
        pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback                   = (ma_ptr)pPCM;
        pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMapPlayback            = isUsingMMap;
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = internalFormat;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = internalChannels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = internalSampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, internalChannelMap, internalChannels);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = internalPeriods;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__alsa(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->alsa);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_by_type__alsa(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_by_type__alsa(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__alsa(ma_device* pDevice, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t resultALSA;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    for (;;) {
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_readi_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_readi)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture, pFramesOut, frameCount);
        if (resultALSA >= 0) {
            break;  /* Success. */
        } else {
            if (resultALSA == -EAGAIN) {
                /*printf("TRACE: EGAIN (read)\n");*/
                continue;   /* Try again. */
            } else if (resultALSA == -EPIPE) {
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("TRACE: EPIPE (read)\n");
            #endif

                /* Overrun. Recover and try again. If this fails we need to return an error. */
                resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture, resultALSA, MA_TRUE);
                if (resultALSA < 0) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to recover device after overrun.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-resultALSA));
                }

                resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture);
                if (resultALSA < 0) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to start device after underrun.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-resultALSA));
                }

                resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_readi_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_readi)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture, pFramesOut, frameCount);
                if (resultALSA < 0) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to read data from the internal device.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-resultALSA));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = resultALSA;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__alsa(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    ma_snd_pcm_sframes_t resultALSA;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrames != NULL);

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    for (;;) {
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_writei_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_writei)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback, pFrames, frameCount);
        if (resultALSA >= 0) {
            break;  /* Success. */
        } else {
            if (resultALSA == -EAGAIN) {
                /*printf("TRACE: EGAIN (write)\n");*/
                continue;   /* Try again. */
            } else if (resultALSA == -EPIPE) {
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("TRACE: EPIPE (write)\n");
            #endif

                /* Underrun. Recover and try again. If this fails we need to return an error. */
                resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback, resultALSA, MA_TRUE);
                if (resultALSA < 0) { /* MA_TRUE=silent (don't print anything on error). */
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to recover device after underrun.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-resultALSA));
                }

                /*
                In my testing I have had a situation where writei() does not automatically restart the device even though I've set it
                up as such in the software parameters. What will happen is writei() will block indefinitely even though the number of
                frames is well beyond the auto-start threshold. To work around this I've needed to add an explicit start here. Not sure
                if this is me just being stupid and not recovering the device properly, but this definitely feels like something isn't
                quite right here.
                */
                resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback);
                if (resultALSA < 0) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to start device after underrun.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-resultALSA));
                }

                resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_writei_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_writei)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback, pFrames, frameCount);
                if (resultALSA < 0) {
                    return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to write data to device after underrun.", ma_result_from_errno((int)-resultALSA));
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = resultALSA;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__alsa(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    int resultALSA;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* Capture devices need to be started immediately. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        resultALSA = ((ma_snd_pcm_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture);
        if (resultALSA < 0) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] Failed to start device in preparation for reading.", ma_result_from_errno(-resultALSA));
        }
    }

    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                if (pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMapCapture || pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMapPlayback) {
                    /* MMAP */
                    return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Not yet implemented. */
                } else {
                    /* readi() and writei() */

                    /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                    ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                    while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                        ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                        ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                        ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                        if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                            capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                        }

                        result = ma_device_read__alsa(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }

                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                            ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                            ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                            ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                            ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                            ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                            ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));

                            /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            /*
                            If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                            which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                            */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }

                            ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                            capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                            capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                            /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                            for (;;) {
                                ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                                ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                                result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                    break;
                                }

                                result = ma_device_write__alsa(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL);    /* Safe cast. */
                                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                    exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                    break;
                                }

                                capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                                if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                    break;
                                }
                            }

                            /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__alsa()... */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    }
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                if (pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMapCapture) {
                    /* MMAP */
                    return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Not yet implemented. */
                } else {
                    /* readi() */

                    /* We read in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                    ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                    ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                    while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                        ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                        ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                        ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                        if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                            framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                        }

                        result = ma_device_read__alsa(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                        framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                    }
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                if (pDevice->alsa.isUsingMMapPlayback) {
                    /* MMAP */
                    return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Not yet implemented. */
                } else {
                    /* writei() */

                    /* We write in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                    ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                    ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                    while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                        ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                        ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                        ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                        if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                            framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                        }

                        ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                        result = ma_device_write__alsa(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }

                        framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                    }
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        } 
    }

    /* Here is where the device needs to be stopped. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_snd_pcm_drain_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_drain)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture);

        /* We need to prepare the device again, otherwise we won't be able to restart the device. */
        if (((ma_snd_pcm_prepare_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_prepare)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMCapture) < 0) {
    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[ALSA] Failed to prepare capture device after stopping.\n");
    #endif
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_snd_pcm_drain_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_drain)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback);

        /* We need to prepare the device again, otherwise we won't be able to restart the device. */
        if (((ma_snd_pcm_prepare_proc)pDevice->pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_prepare)((ma_snd_pcm_t*)pDevice->alsa.pPCMPlayback) < 0) {
    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[ALSA] Failed to prepare playback device after stopping.\n");
    #endif
        }
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__alsa(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_alsa);

    /* Clean up memory for memory leak checkers. */
    ((ma_snd_config_update_free_global_proc)pContext->alsa.snd_config_update_free_global)();

#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO);
#endif

    ma_mutex_uninit(&pContext->alsa.internalDeviceEnumLock);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__alsa(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    const char* libasoundNames[] = {
        "libasound.so.2",
        "libasound.so"
    };
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(libasoundNames); ++i) {
        pContext->alsa.asoundSO = ma_dlopen(pContext, libasoundNames[i]);
        if (pContext->alsa.asoundSO != NULL) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pContext->alsa.asoundSO == NULL) {
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
        printf("[ALSA] Failed to open shared object.\n");
#endif
        return MA_NO_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open                           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_open");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close                          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_close");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_any                  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_any");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate             = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params                      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_hw_params");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_current              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params_current");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params                      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_sw_params");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof             = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_format_mask_test");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_get_chmap                      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_get_chmap");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_state                          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_state");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_prepare                        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_prepare");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start                          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_start");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_drop                           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_drop");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_drain                          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_drain");
    pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_hint                   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_device_name_hint");
    pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_device_name_get_hint");
    pContext->alsa.snd_card_get_index                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_card_get_index");
    pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_free_hint              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_device_name_free_hint");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_begin                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_mmap_begin");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_commit                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_mmap_commit");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover                        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_recover");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_readi                          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_readi");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_writei                         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_writei");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail                          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_avail");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail_update                   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_avail_update");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_wait                           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_wait");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info                           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_info");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info_sizeof                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_info_sizeof");
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info_get_name                  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_pcm_info_get_name");
    pContext->alsa.snd_config_update_free_global          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->alsa.asoundSO, "snd_config_update_free_global");
#else
    /* The system below is just for type safety. */
    ma_snd_pcm_open_proc                           _snd_pcm_open                           = snd_pcm_open;
    ma_snd_pcm_close_proc                          _snd_pcm_close                          = snd_pcm_close;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof_proc               _snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof               = snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_any_proc                  _snd_pcm_hw_params_any                  = snd_pcm_hw_params_any;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_proc           _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format           = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first_proc     _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first     = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask_proc      _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask      = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near_proc    _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near    = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample_proc    _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample    = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near_proc        _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near        = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near_proc _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near_proc     _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near     = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access_proc           _snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access           = snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_proc           _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format           = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_proc         _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels         = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min_proc     _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min     = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max_proc     _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max     = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_proc             _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate             = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min_proc         _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min         = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max_proc         _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max         = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size_proc      _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size      = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods_proc          _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods          = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access_proc           _snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access           = snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access;
    ma_snd_pcm_hw_params_proc                      _snd_pcm_hw_params                      = snd_pcm_hw_params;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof_proc               _snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof               = snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_current_proc              _snd_pcm_sw_params_current              = snd_pcm_sw_params_current;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary_proc         _snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary         = snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min_proc        _snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min        = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold_proc  _snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold  = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold_proc   _snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold   = snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold;
    ma_snd_pcm_sw_params_proc                      _snd_pcm_sw_params                      = snd_pcm_sw_params;
    ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof_proc             _snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof             = snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof;
    ma_snd_pcm_format_mask_test_proc               _snd_pcm_format_mask_test               = snd_pcm_format_mask_test;
    ma_snd_pcm_get_chmap_proc                      _snd_pcm_get_chmap                      = snd_pcm_get_chmap;
    ma_snd_pcm_state_proc                          _snd_pcm_state                          = snd_pcm_state;
    ma_snd_pcm_prepare_proc                        _snd_pcm_prepare                        = snd_pcm_prepare;
    ma_snd_pcm_start_proc                          _snd_pcm_start                          = snd_pcm_start;
    ma_snd_pcm_drop_proc                           _snd_pcm_drop                           = snd_pcm_drop;
    ma_snd_pcm_drain_proc                          _snd_pcm_drain                          = snd_pcm_drain;
    ma_snd_device_name_hint_proc                   _snd_device_name_hint                   = snd_device_name_hint;
    ma_snd_device_name_get_hint_proc               _snd_device_name_get_hint               = snd_device_name_get_hint;
    ma_snd_card_get_index_proc                     _snd_card_get_index                     = snd_card_get_index;
    ma_snd_device_name_free_hint_proc              _snd_device_name_free_hint              = snd_device_name_free_hint;
    ma_snd_pcm_mmap_begin_proc                     _snd_pcm_mmap_begin                     = snd_pcm_mmap_begin;
    ma_snd_pcm_mmap_commit_proc                    _snd_pcm_mmap_commit                    = snd_pcm_mmap_commit;
    ma_snd_pcm_recover_proc                        _snd_pcm_recover                        = snd_pcm_recover;
    ma_snd_pcm_readi_proc                          _snd_pcm_readi                          = snd_pcm_readi;
    ma_snd_pcm_writei_proc                         _snd_pcm_writei                         = snd_pcm_writei;
    ma_snd_pcm_avail_proc                          _snd_pcm_avail                          = snd_pcm_avail;
    ma_snd_pcm_avail_update_proc                   _snd_pcm_avail_update                   = snd_pcm_avail_update;
    ma_snd_pcm_wait_proc                           _snd_pcm_wait                           = snd_pcm_wait;
    ma_snd_pcm_info_proc                           _snd_pcm_info                           = snd_pcm_info;
    ma_snd_pcm_info_sizeof_proc                    _snd_pcm_info_sizeof                    = snd_pcm_info_sizeof;
    ma_snd_pcm_info_get_name_proc                  _snd_pcm_info_get_name                  = snd_pcm_info_get_name;
    ma_snd_config_update_free_global_proc          _snd_config_update_free_global          = snd_config_update_free_global;

    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_open                           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_open;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_close                          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_close;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof               = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_sizeof;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_any                  = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_any;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first     = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_format_first;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask      = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format_mask;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near    = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_channels_near;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample    = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_resample;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near        = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_rate_near;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_buffer_size_near;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near     = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_periods_near;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_set_access;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_format;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels         = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min     = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_min;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max     = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_channels_max;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate             = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min         = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_min;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max         = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_rate_max;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size      = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_buffer_size;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_periods;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params_get_access;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_hw_params                      = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_hw_params;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof               = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params_sizeof;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_current              = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params_current;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary         = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params_get_boundary;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min        = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_avail_min;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold  = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_start_threshold;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold   = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params_set_stop_threshold;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_sw_params                      = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_sw_params;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof             = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_format_mask_sizeof;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_format_mask_test               = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_format_mask_test;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_get_chmap                      = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_get_chmap;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_state                          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_state;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_prepare                        = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_prepare;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_start                          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_start;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_drop                           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_drop;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_drain                          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_drain;
    pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_hint                   = (ma_proc)_snd_device_name_hint;
    pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_get_hint               = (ma_proc)_snd_device_name_get_hint;
    pContext->alsa.snd_card_get_index                     = (ma_proc)_snd_card_get_index;
    pContext->alsa.snd_device_name_free_hint              = (ma_proc)_snd_device_name_free_hint;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_begin                     = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_mmap_begin;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_mmap_commit                    = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_mmap_commit;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_recover                        = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_recover;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_readi                          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_readi;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_writei                         = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_writei;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail                          = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_avail;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_avail_update                   = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_avail_update;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_wait                           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_wait;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info                           = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_info;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info_sizeof                    = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_info_sizeof;
    pContext->alsa.snd_pcm_info_get_name                  = (ma_proc)_snd_pcm_info_get_name;
    pContext->alsa.snd_config_update_free_global          = (ma_proc)_snd_config_update_free_global;
#endif

    pContext->alsa.useVerboseDeviceEnumeration = pConfig->alsa.useVerboseDeviceEnumeration;

    if (ma_mutex_init(&pContext->alsa.internalDeviceEnumLock) != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[ALSA] WARNING: Failed to initialize mutex for internal device enumeration.", MA_ERROR);
    }

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__alsa;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__alsa;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__alsa;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__alsa;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__alsa;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__alsa;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL; /* Not used. Started in the main loop. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL; /* Not used. Started in the main loop. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__alsa;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* ALSA */



/******************************************************************************

PulseAudio Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_PULSEAUDIO
/*
It is assumed pulseaudio.h is available when compile-time linking is being used. We use this for type safety when using
compile time linking (we don't have this luxury when using runtime linking without headers).

When using compile time linking, each of our ma_* equivalents should use the sames types as defined by the header. The
reason for this is that it allow us to take advantage of proper type safety.
*/
#ifdef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING

/* pulseaudio.h marks some functions with "inline" which isn't always supported. Need to emulate it. */
#if !defined(__cplusplus)
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #if !defined(inline)
            #define inline __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
            #define MA_INLINE_DEFINED
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#include <pulse/pulseaudio.h>
#if defined(MA_INLINE_DEFINED)
    #undef inline
    #undef MA_INLINE_DEFINED
#endif

#define MA_PA_OK                                       PA_OK
#define MA_PA_ERR_ACCESS                               PA_ERR_ACCESS
#define MA_PA_ERR_INVALID                              PA_ERR_INVALID
#define MA_PA_ERR_NOENTITY                             PA_ERR_NOENTITY

#define MA_PA_CHANNELS_MAX                             PA_CHANNELS_MAX
#define MA_PA_RATE_MAX                                 PA_RATE_MAX

typedef pa_context_flags_t ma_pa_context_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOFLAGS                          PA_CONTEXT_NOFLAGS
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN                      PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOFAIL                           PA_CONTEXT_NOFAIL

typedef pa_stream_flags_t ma_pa_stream_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NOFLAGS                           PA_STREAM_NOFLAGS
#define MA_PA_STREAM_START_CORKED                      PA_STREAM_START_CORKED
#define MA_PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING                PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NOT_MONOTONIC                     PA_STREAM_NOT_MONOTONIC
#define MA_PA_STREAM_AUTO_TIMING_UPDATE                PA_STREAM_AUTO_TIMING_UPDATE
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NO_REMAP_CHANNELS                 PA_STREAM_NO_REMAP_CHANNELS
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NO_REMIX_CHANNELS                 PA_STREAM_NO_REMIX_CHANNELS
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT                        PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE                          PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS                      PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS
#define MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE                         PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE
#define MA_PA_STREAM_VARIABLE_RATE                     PA_STREAM_VARIABLE_RATE
#define MA_PA_STREAM_PEAK_DETECT                       PA_STREAM_PEAK_DETECT
#define MA_PA_STREAM_START_MUTED                       PA_STREAM_START_MUTED
#define MA_PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY                    PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY
#define MA_PA_STREAM_EARLY_REQUESTS                    PA_STREAM_EARLY_REQUESTS
#define MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_INHIBIT_AUTO_SUSPEND         PA_STREAM_DONT_INHIBIT_AUTO_SUSPEND
#define MA_PA_STREAM_START_UNMUTED                     PA_STREAM_START_UNMUTED
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FAIL_ON_SUSPEND                   PA_STREAM_FAIL_ON_SUSPEND
#define MA_PA_STREAM_RELATIVE_VOLUME                   PA_STREAM_RELATIVE_VOLUME
#define MA_PA_STREAM_PASSTHROUGH                       PA_STREAM_PASSTHROUGH

typedef pa_sink_flags_t ma_pa_sink_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_SINK_NOFLAGS                             PA_SINK_NOFLAGS
#define MA_PA_SINK_HW_VOLUME_CTRL                      PA_SINK_HW_VOLUME_CTRL
#define MA_PA_SINK_LATENCY                             PA_SINK_LATENCY
#define MA_PA_SINK_HARDWARE                            PA_SINK_HARDWARE
#define MA_PA_SINK_NETWORK                             PA_SINK_NETWORK
#define MA_PA_SINK_HW_MUTE_CTRL                        PA_SINK_HW_MUTE_CTRL
#define MA_PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME                      PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME
#define MA_PA_SINK_FLAT_VOLUME                         PA_SINK_FLAT_VOLUME
#define MA_PA_SINK_DYNAMIC_LATENCY                     PA_SINK_DYNAMIC_LATENCY
#define MA_PA_SINK_SET_FORMATS                         PA_SINK_SET_FORMATS

typedef pa_source_flags_t ma_pa_source_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_NOFLAGS                           PA_SOURCE_NOFLAGS
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_HW_VOLUME_CTRL                    PA_SOURCE_HW_VOLUME_CTRL
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_LATENCY                           PA_SOURCE_LATENCY
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_HARDWARE                          PA_SOURCE_HARDWARE
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_NETWORK                           PA_SOURCE_NETWORK
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_HW_MUTE_CTRL                      PA_SOURCE_HW_MUTE_CTRL
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME                    PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_DYNAMIC_LATENCY                   PA_SOURCE_DYNAMIC_LATENCY
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_FLAT_VOLUME                       PA_SOURCE_FLAT_VOLUME

typedef pa_context_state_t ma_pa_context_state_t;
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED                      PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING                       PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING                      PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME                     PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_READY                            PA_CONTEXT_READY
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_FAILED                           PA_CONTEXT_FAILED
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED                       PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED

typedef pa_stream_state_t ma_pa_stream_state_t;
#define MA_PA_STREAM_UNCONNECTED                       PA_STREAM_UNCONNECTED
#define MA_PA_STREAM_CREATING                          PA_STREAM_CREATING
#define MA_PA_STREAM_READY                             PA_STREAM_READY
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FAILED                            PA_STREAM_FAILED
#define MA_PA_STREAM_TERMINATED                        PA_STREAM_TERMINATED

typedef pa_operation_state_t ma_pa_operation_state_t;
#define MA_PA_OPERATION_RUNNING                        PA_OPERATION_RUNNING
#define MA_PA_OPERATION_DONE                           PA_OPERATION_DONE
#define MA_PA_OPERATION_CANCELLED                      PA_OPERATION_CANCELLED

typedef pa_sink_state_t ma_pa_sink_state_t;
#define MA_PA_SINK_INVALID_STATE                       PA_SINK_INVALID_STATE
#define MA_PA_SINK_RUNNING                             PA_SINK_RUNNING
#define MA_PA_SINK_IDLE                                PA_SINK_IDLE
#define MA_PA_SINK_SUSPENDED                           PA_SINK_SUSPENDED

typedef pa_source_state_t ma_pa_source_state_t;
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_INVALID_STATE                     PA_SOURCE_INVALID_STATE
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_RUNNING                           PA_SOURCE_RUNNING
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_IDLE                              PA_SOURCE_IDLE
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_SUSPENDED                         PA_SOURCE_SUSPENDED

typedef pa_seek_mode_t ma_pa_seek_mode_t;
#define MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE                            PA_SEEK_RELATIVE
#define MA_PA_SEEK_ABSOLUTE                            PA_SEEK_ABSOLUTE
#define MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_ON_READ                    PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_ON_READ
#define MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_END                        PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_END

typedef pa_channel_position_t ma_pa_channel_position_t;
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_INVALID                 PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_INVALID
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MONO                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MONO
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT              PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT             PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER            PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_CENTER             PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT               PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT              PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE                     PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT               PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT              PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX0                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX0
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX1                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX1
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX2                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX2
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX3                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX3
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX4                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX4
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX5                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX5
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX6                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX6
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX7                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX7
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX8                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX8
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX9                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX9
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX10                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX10
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX11                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX11
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX12                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX12
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX13                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX13
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX14                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX14
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX15                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX15
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX16                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX16
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX17                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX17
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX18                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX18
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX19                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX19
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX20                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX20
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX21                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX21
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX22                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX22
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX23                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX23
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX24                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX24
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX25                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX25
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX26                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX26
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX27                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX27
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX28                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX28
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX29                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX29
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX30                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX30
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX31                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX31
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_CENTER              PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_LEFT          PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT         PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_CENTER        PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_LEFT           PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_RIGHT          PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_CENTER         PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LEFT                    PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_RIGHT                   PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_CENTER                  PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SUBWOOFER               PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SUBWOOFER

typedef pa_channel_map_def_t ma_pa_channel_map_def_t;
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AIFF                         PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AIFF
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_ALSA                         PA_CHANNEL_MAP_ALSA
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AUX                          PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AUX
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_WAVEEX                       PA_CHANNEL_MAP_WAVEEX
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_OSS                          PA_CHANNEL_MAP_OSS
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_DEFAULT                      PA_CHANNEL_MAP_DEFAULT

typedef pa_sample_format_t ma_pa_sample_format_t;
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_INVALID                           PA_SAMPLE_INVALID
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_U8                                PA_SAMPLE_U8
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_ALAW                              PA_SAMPLE_ALAW
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_ULAW                              PA_SAMPLE_ULAW
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16LE                             PA_SAMPLE_S16LE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16BE                             PA_SAMPLE_S16BE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE                         PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE                         PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32LE                             PA_SAMPLE_S32LE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32BE                             PA_SAMPLE_S32BE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24LE                             PA_SAMPLE_S24LE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24BE                             PA_SAMPLE_S24BE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24_32LE                          PA_SAMPLE_S24_32LE
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24_32BE                          PA_SAMPLE_S24_32BE

typedef pa_mainloop     ma_pa_mainloop;
typedef pa_mainloop_api ma_pa_mainloop_api;
typedef pa_context      ma_pa_context;
typedef pa_operation    ma_pa_operation;
typedef pa_stream       ma_pa_stream;
typedef pa_spawn_api    ma_pa_spawn_api;
typedef pa_buffer_attr  ma_pa_buffer_attr;
typedef pa_channel_map  ma_pa_channel_map;
typedef pa_cvolume      ma_pa_cvolume;
typedef pa_sample_spec  ma_pa_sample_spec;
typedef pa_sink_info    ma_pa_sink_info;
typedef pa_source_info  ma_pa_source_info;

typedef pa_context_notify_cb_t ma_pa_context_notify_cb_t;
typedef pa_sink_info_cb_t ma_pa_sink_info_cb_t;
typedef pa_source_info_cb_t ma_pa_source_info_cb_t;
typedef pa_stream_success_cb_t ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t;
typedef pa_stream_request_cb_t ma_pa_stream_request_cb_t;
typedef pa_free_cb_t ma_pa_free_cb_t;
#else
#define MA_PA_OK                                       0
#define MA_PA_ERR_ACCESS                               1
#define MA_PA_ERR_INVALID                              2
#define MA_PA_ERR_NOENTITY                             5

#define MA_PA_CHANNELS_MAX                             32
#define MA_PA_RATE_MAX                                 384000

typedef int ma_pa_context_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOFLAGS                          0x00000000
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN                      0x00000001
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOFAIL                           0x00000002

typedef int ma_pa_stream_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NOFLAGS                           0x00000000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_START_CORKED                      0x00000001
#define MA_PA_STREAM_INTERPOLATE_TIMING                0x00000002
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NOT_MONOTONIC                     0x00000004
#define MA_PA_STREAM_AUTO_TIMING_UPDATE                0x00000008
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NO_REMAP_CHANNELS                 0x00000010
#define MA_PA_STREAM_NO_REMIX_CHANNELS                 0x00000020
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT                        0x00000040
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE                          0x00000080
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS                      0x00000100
#define MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE                         0x00000200
#define MA_PA_STREAM_VARIABLE_RATE                     0x00000400
#define MA_PA_STREAM_PEAK_DETECT                       0x00000800
#define MA_PA_STREAM_START_MUTED                       0x00001000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_ADJUST_LATENCY                    0x00002000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_EARLY_REQUESTS                    0x00004000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_INHIBIT_AUTO_SUSPEND         0x00008000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_START_UNMUTED                     0x00010000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FAIL_ON_SUSPEND                   0x00020000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_RELATIVE_VOLUME                   0x00040000
#define MA_PA_STREAM_PASSTHROUGH                       0x00080000

typedef int ma_pa_sink_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_SINK_NOFLAGS                             0x00000000
#define MA_PA_SINK_HW_VOLUME_CTRL                      0x00000001
#define MA_PA_SINK_LATENCY                             0x00000002
#define MA_PA_SINK_HARDWARE                            0x00000004
#define MA_PA_SINK_NETWORK                             0x00000008
#define MA_PA_SINK_HW_MUTE_CTRL                        0x00000010
#define MA_PA_SINK_DECIBEL_VOLUME                      0x00000020
#define MA_PA_SINK_FLAT_VOLUME                         0x00000040
#define MA_PA_SINK_DYNAMIC_LATENCY                     0x00000080
#define MA_PA_SINK_SET_FORMATS                         0x00000100

typedef int ma_pa_source_flags_t;
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_NOFLAGS                           0x00000000
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_HW_VOLUME_CTRL                    0x00000001
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_LATENCY                           0x00000002
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_HARDWARE                          0x00000004
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_NETWORK                           0x00000008
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_HW_MUTE_CTRL                      0x00000010
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_DECIBEL_VOLUME                    0x00000020
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_DYNAMIC_LATENCY                   0x00000040
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_FLAT_VOLUME                       0x00000080

typedef int ma_pa_context_state_t;
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED                      0
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING                       1
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING                      2
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME                     3
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_READY                            4
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_FAILED                           5
#define MA_PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED                       6

typedef int ma_pa_stream_state_t;
#define MA_PA_STREAM_UNCONNECTED                       0
#define MA_PA_STREAM_CREATING                          1
#define MA_PA_STREAM_READY                             2
#define MA_PA_STREAM_FAILED                            3
#define MA_PA_STREAM_TERMINATED                        4

typedef int ma_pa_operation_state_t;
#define MA_PA_OPERATION_RUNNING                        0
#define MA_PA_OPERATION_DONE                           1
#define MA_PA_OPERATION_CANCELLED                      2

typedef int ma_pa_sink_state_t;
#define MA_PA_SINK_INVALID_STATE                       -1
#define MA_PA_SINK_RUNNING                             0
#define MA_PA_SINK_IDLE                                1
#define MA_PA_SINK_SUSPENDED                           2

typedef int ma_pa_source_state_t;
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_INVALID_STATE                     -1
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_RUNNING                           0
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_IDLE                              1
#define MA_PA_SOURCE_SUSPENDED                         2

typedef int ma_pa_seek_mode_t;
#define MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE                            0
#define MA_PA_SEEK_ABSOLUTE                            1
#define MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_ON_READ                    2
#define MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE_END                        3

typedef int ma_pa_channel_position_t;
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_INVALID                 -1
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MONO                    0
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT              1
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT             2
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER            3
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_CENTER             4
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT               5
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT              6
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE                     7
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER    8
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER   9
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT               10
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT              11
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX0                    12
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX1                    13
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX2                    14
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX3                    15
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX4                    16
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX5                    17
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX6                    18
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX7                    19
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX8                    20
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX9                    21
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX10                   22
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX11                   23
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX12                   24
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX13                   25
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX14                   26
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX15                   27
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX16                   28
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX17                   29
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX18                   30
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX19                   31
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX20                   32
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX21                   33
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX22                   34
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX23                   35
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX24                   36
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX25                   37
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX26                   38
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX27                   39
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX28                   40
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX29                   41
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX30                   42
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX31                   43
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_CENTER              44
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_LEFT          45
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT         46
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_CENTER        47
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_LEFT           48
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_RIGHT          49
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_CENTER         50
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LEFT                    MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_RIGHT                   MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_CENTER                  MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SUBWOOFER               MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE

typedef int ma_pa_channel_map_def_t;
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AIFF                         0
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_ALSA                         1
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AUX                          2
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_WAVEEX                       3
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_OSS                          4
#define MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_DEFAULT                      MA_PA_CHANNEL_MAP_AIFF

typedef int ma_pa_sample_format_t;
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_INVALID                           -1
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_U8                                0
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_ALAW                              1
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_ULAW                              2
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16LE                             3
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16BE                             4
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE                         5
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE                         6
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32LE                             7
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32BE                             8
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24LE                             9
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24BE                             10
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24_32LE                          11
#define MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24_32BE                          12

typedef struct ma_pa_mainloop     ma_pa_mainloop;
typedef struct ma_pa_mainloop_api ma_pa_mainloop_api;
typedef struct ma_pa_context      ma_pa_context;
typedef struct ma_pa_operation    ma_pa_operation;
typedef struct ma_pa_stream       ma_pa_stream;
typedef struct ma_pa_spawn_api    ma_pa_spawn_api;

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 maxlength;
    ma_uint32 tlength;
    ma_uint32 prebuf;
    ma_uint32 minreq;
    ma_uint32 fragsize;
} ma_pa_buffer_attr;

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint8 channels;
    ma_pa_channel_position_t map[MA_PA_CHANNELS_MAX];
} ma_pa_channel_map;

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint8 channels;
    ma_uint32 values[MA_PA_CHANNELS_MAX];
} ma_pa_cvolume;

typedef struct
{
    ma_pa_sample_format_t format;
    ma_uint32 rate;
    ma_uint8 channels;
} ma_pa_sample_spec;

typedef struct
{
    const char* name;
    ma_uint32 index;
    const char* description;
    ma_pa_sample_spec sample_spec;
    ma_pa_channel_map channel_map;
    ma_uint32 owner_module;
    ma_pa_cvolume volume;
    int mute;
    ma_uint32 monitor_source;
    const char* monitor_source_name;
    ma_uint64 latency;
    const char* driver;
    ma_pa_sink_flags_t flags;
    void* proplist;
    ma_uint64 configured_latency;
    ma_uint32 base_volume;
    ma_pa_sink_state_t state;
    ma_uint32 n_volume_steps;
    ma_uint32 card;
    ma_uint32 n_ports;
    void** ports;
    void* active_port;
    ma_uint8 n_formats;
    void** formats;
} ma_pa_sink_info;

typedef struct
{
    const char *name;
    ma_uint32 index;
    const char *description;
    ma_pa_sample_spec sample_spec;
    ma_pa_channel_map channel_map;
    ma_uint32 owner_module;
    ma_pa_cvolume volume;
    int mute;
    ma_uint32 monitor_of_sink;
    const char *monitor_of_sink_name;
    ma_uint64 latency;
    const char *driver;
    ma_pa_source_flags_t flags;
    void* proplist;
    ma_uint64 configured_latency;
    ma_uint32 base_volume;
    ma_pa_source_state_t state;
    ma_uint32 n_volume_steps;
    ma_uint32 card;
    ma_uint32 n_ports;
    void** ports;
    void* active_port;
    ma_uint8 n_formats;
    void** formats;
} ma_pa_source_info;

typedef void (* ma_pa_context_notify_cb_t)(ma_pa_context* c, void* userdata);
typedef void (* ma_pa_sink_info_cb_t)     (ma_pa_context* c, const ma_pa_sink_info* i, int eol, void* userdata);
typedef void (* ma_pa_source_info_cb_t)   (ma_pa_context* c, const ma_pa_source_info* i, int eol, void* userdata);
typedef void (* ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t)(ma_pa_stream* s, int success, void* userdata);
typedef void (* ma_pa_stream_request_cb_t)(ma_pa_stream* s, size_t nbytes, void* userdata);
typedef void (* ma_pa_free_cb_t)          (void* p);
#endif


typedef ma_pa_mainloop*          (* ma_pa_mainloop_new_proc)                   (void);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)                  (ma_pa_mainloop* m);
typedef ma_pa_mainloop_api*      (* ma_pa_mainloop_get_api_proc)               (ma_pa_mainloop* m);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)               (ma_pa_mainloop* m, int block, int* retval);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_mainloop_wakeup_proc)                (ma_pa_mainloop* m);
typedef ma_pa_context*           (* ma_pa_context_new_proc)                    (ma_pa_mainloop_api* mainloop, const char* name);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_context_unref_proc)                  (ma_pa_context* c);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_context_connect_proc)                (ma_pa_context* c, const char* server, ma_pa_context_flags_t flags, const ma_pa_spawn_api* api);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)             (ma_pa_context* c);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_context_set_state_callback_proc)     (ma_pa_context* c, ma_pa_context_notify_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_context_state_t    (* ma_pa_context_get_state_proc)              (ma_pa_context* c);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_list_proc)     (ma_pa_context* c, ma_pa_sink_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_source_info_list_proc)   (ma_pa_context* c, ma_pa_source_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name_proc)  (ma_pa_context* c, const char* name, ma_pa_sink_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name_proc)(ma_pa_context* c, const char* name, ma_pa_source_info_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)                (ma_pa_operation* o);
typedef ma_pa_operation_state_t  (* ma_pa_operation_get_state_proc)            (ma_pa_operation* o);
typedef ma_pa_channel_map*       (* ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc)        (ma_pa_channel_map* m, unsigned channels, ma_pa_channel_map_def_t def);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_channel_map_valid_proc)              (const ma_pa_channel_map* m);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_channel_map_compatible_proc)         (const ma_pa_channel_map* m, const ma_pa_sample_spec* ss);
typedef ma_pa_stream*            (* ma_pa_stream_new_proc)                     (ma_pa_context* c, const char* name, const ma_pa_sample_spec* ss, const ma_pa_channel_map* map);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_unref_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_connect_playback_proc)        (ma_pa_stream* s, const char* dev, const ma_pa_buffer_attr* attr, ma_pa_stream_flags_t flags, const ma_pa_cvolume* volume, ma_pa_stream* sync_stream);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_connect_record_proc)          (ma_pa_stream* s, const char* dev, const ma_pa_buffer_attr* attr, ma_pa_stream_flags_t flags);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc)              (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef ma_pa_stream_state_t     (* ma_pa_stream_get_state_proc)               (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef const ma_pa_sample_spec* (* ma_pa_stream_get_sample_spec_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef const ma_pa_channel_map* (* ma_pa_stream_get_channel_map_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef const ma_pa_buffer_attr* (* ma_pa_stream_get_buffer_attr_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s, const ma_pa_buffer_attr* attr, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef const char*              (* ma_pa_stream_get_device_name_proc)         (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_set_write_callback_proc)      (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_request_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef void                     (* ma_pa_stream_set_read_callback_proc)       (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_request_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_flush_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_drain_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_is_corked_proc)               (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_cork_proc)                    (ma_pa_stream* s, int b, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef ma_pa_operation*         (* ma_pa_stream_trigger_proc)                 (ma_pa_stream* s, ma_pa_stream_success_cb_t cb, void* userdata);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_begin_write_proc)             (ma_pa_stream* s, void** data, size_t* nbytes);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_write_proc)                   (ma_pa_stream* s, const void* data, size_t nbytes, ma_pa_free_cb_t free_cb, int64_t offset, ma_pa_seek_mode_t seek);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_peek_proc)                    (ma_pa_stream* s, const void** data, size_t* nbytes);
typedef int                      (* ma_pa_stream_drop_proc)                    (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef size_t                   (* ma_pa_stream_writable_size_proc)           (ma_pa_stream* s);
typedef size_t                   (* ma_pa_stream_readable_size_proc)           (ma_pa_stream* s);

typedef struct
{
    ma_uint32 count;
    ma_uint32 capacity;
    ma_device_info* pInfo;
} ma_pulse_device_enum_data;

static ma_result ma_result_from_pulse(int result)
{
    switch (result) {
        case MA_PA_OK:           return MA_SUCCESS;
        case MA_PA_ERR_ACCESS:   return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
        case MA_PA_ERR_INVALID:  return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case MA_PA_ERR_NOENTITY: return MA_NO_DEVICE;
        default:                  return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

#if 0
static ma_pa_sample_format_t ma_format_to_pulse(ma_format format)
{
    if (ma_is_little_endian()) {
        switch (format) {
            case ma_format_s16: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16LE;
            case ma_format_s24: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24LE;
            case ma_format_s32: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32LE;
            case ma_format_f32: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE;
            default: break;
        }
    } else {
        switch (format) {
            case ma_format_s16: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16BE;
            case ma_format_s24: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24BE;
            case ma_format_s32: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32BE;
            case ma_format_f32: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE;
            default: break;
        }
    }

    /* Endian agnostic. */
    switch (format) {
        case ma_format_u8: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_U8;
        default: return MA_PA_SAMPLE_INVALID;
    }
}
#endif

static ma_format ma_format_from_pulse(ma_pa_sample_format_t format)
{
    if (ma_is_little_endian()) {
        switch (format) {
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16LE:     return ma_format_s16;
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24LE:     return ma_format_s24;
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32LE:     return ma_format_s32;
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32LE: return ma_format_f32;
            default: break;
        }
    } else {
        switch (format) {
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_S16BE:     return ma_format_s16;
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_S24BE:     return ma_format_s24;
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_S32BE:     return ma_format_s32;
            case MA_PA_SAMPLE_FLOAT32BE: return ma_format_f32;
            default: break;
        }
    }

    /* Endian agnostic. */
    switch (format) {
        case MA_PA_SAMPLE_U8: return ma_format_u8;
        default: return ma_format_unknown;
    }
}

static ma_channel ma_channel_position_from_pulse(ma_pa_channel_position_t position)
{
    switch (position)
    {
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_INVALID:               return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_MONO:                  return MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT:            return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT:           return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER:          return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_CENTER:           return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT:             return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT:            return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE:                   return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER:  return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER: return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT:             return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT:            return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX0:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX1:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_1;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX2:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_2;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX3:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_3;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX4:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_4;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX5:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_5;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX6:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_6;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX7:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_7;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX8:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_8;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX9:                  return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_9;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX10:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_10;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX11:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_11;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX12:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_12;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX13:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_13;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX14:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_14;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX15:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_15;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX16:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_16;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX17:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_17;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX18:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_18;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX19:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_19;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX20:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_20;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX21:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_21;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX22:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_22;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX23:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_23;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX24:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_24;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX25:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_25;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX26:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_26;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX27:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_27;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX28:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_28;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX29:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_29;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX30:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_30;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX31:                 return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_31;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_CENTER:            return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_LEFT:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT:       return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_CENTER:      return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_LEFT:         return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_RIGHT:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        case MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_CENTER:       return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        default: return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
    }
}

#if 0
static ma_pa_channel_position_t ma_channel_position_to_pulse(ma_channel position)
{
    switch (position)
    {
        case MA_CHANNEL_NONE:               return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_INVALID;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT:         return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT:        return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER:       return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_LFE:                return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_LFE;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT:          return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT:         return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER:  return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER: return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER:        return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_REAR_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT:          return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT:         return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER:         return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT:     return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER:   return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT:    return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT:      return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER:    return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT:     return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_TOP_REAR_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_19:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX18;
        case MA_CHANNEL_20:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX19;
        case MA_CHANNEL_21:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX20;
        case MA_CHANNEL_22:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX21;
        case MA_CHANNEL_23:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX22;
        case MA_CHANNEL_24:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX23;
        case MA_CHANNEL_25:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX24;
        case MA_CHANNEL_26:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX25;
        case MA_CHANNEL_27:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX26;
        case MA_CHANNEL_28:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX27;
        case MA_CHANNEL_29:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX28;
        case MA_CHANNEL_30:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX29;
        case MA_CHANNEL_31:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX30;
        case MA_CHANNEL_32:                 return MA_PA_CHANNEL_POSITION_AUX31;
        default: return (ma_pa_channel_position_t)position;
    }
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_wait_for_operation__pulse(ma_context* pContext, ma_pa_mainloop* pMainLoop, ma_pa_operation* pOP)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pMainLoop != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pOP != NULL);

    while (((ma_pa_operation_get_state_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_get_state)(pOP) == MA_PA_OPERATION_RUNNING) {
        int error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)(pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
        if (error < 0) {
            return ma_result_from_pulse(error);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, ma_pa_operation* pOP)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pOP != NULL);

    return ma_wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice->pContext, (ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop, pOP);
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__pulse(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return ma_strcmp(pID0->pulse, pID1->pulse) == 0;
}


typedef struct
{
    ma_context* pContext;
    ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback;
    void* pUserData;
    ma_bool32 isTerminated;
} ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__pulse;

static void ma_context_enumerate_devices_sink_callback__pulse(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_sink_info* pSinkInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__pulse* pData = (ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__pulse*)pUserData;
    ma_device_info deviceInfo;

    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);

    if (endOfList || pData->isTerminated) {
        return;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);

    /* The name from PulseAudio is the ID for miniaudio. */
    if (pSinkInfo->name != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.id.pulse, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.pulse), pSinkInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
    }

    /* The description from PulseAudio is the name for miniaudio. */
    if (pSinkInfo->description != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), pSinkInfo->description, (size_t)-1);
    }

    pData->isTerminated = !pData->callback(pData->pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pData->pUserData);

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static void ma_context_enumerate_devices_source_callback__pulse(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_source_info* pSinkInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__pulse* pData = (ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__pulse*)pUserData;
    ma_device_info deviceInfo;

    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);

    if (endOfList || pData->isTerminated) {
        return;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);

    /* The name from PulseAudio is the ID for miniaudio. */
    if (pSinkInfo->name != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.id.pulse, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.pulse), pSinkInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
    }

    /* The description from PulseAudio is the name for miniaudio. */
    if (pSinkInfo->description != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), pSinkInfo->description, (size_t)-1);
    }

    pData->isTerminated = !pData->callback(pData->pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pData->pUserData);

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__pulse(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_context_enumerate_devices_callback_data__pulse callbackData;
    ma_pa_operation* pOP = NULL;
    ma_pa_mainloop* pMainLoop;
    ma_pa_mainloop_api* pAPI;
    ma_pa_context* pPulseContext;
    int error;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    callbackData.pContext = pContext;
    callbackData.callback = callback;
    callbackData.pUserData = pUserData;
    callbackData.isTerminated = MA_FALSE;

    pMainLoop = ((ma_pa_mainloop_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_new)();
    if (pMainLoop == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pAPI = ((ma_pa_mainloop_get_api_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_get_api)(pMainLoop);
    if (pAPI == NULL) {
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pPulseContext = ((ma_pa_context_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_new)(pAPI, pContext->pulse.pApplicationName);
    if (pPulseContext == NULL) {
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    error = ((ma_pa_context_connect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect)(pPulseContext, pContext->pulse.pServerName, (pContext->pulse.tryAutoSpawn) ? 0 : MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN, NULL);
    if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
        ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)(pPulseContext);
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        return ma_result_from_pulse(error);
    }

    for (;;) {
        ma_pa_context_state_t state = ((ma_pa_context_get_state_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_state)(pPulseContext);
        if (state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_READY) {
            break;  /* Success. */
        }
        if (state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME) {
            error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)(pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
            if (error < 0) {
                result = ma_result_from_pulse(error);
                goto done;
            }

#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[PulseAudio] pa_context_get_state() returned %d. Waiting.\n", state);
#endif
            continue;   /* Keep trying. */
        }
        if (state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_FAILED || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED) {
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[PulseAudio] pa_context_get_state() returned %d. Failed.\n", state);
#endif
            goto done;  /* Failed. */
        }
    }


    /* Playback. */
    if (!callbackData.isTerminated) {
        pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_list_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_list)(pPulseContext, ma_context_enumerate_devices_sink_callback__pulse, &callbackData);
        if (pOP == NULL) {
            result = MA_ERROR;
            goto done;
        }

        result = ma_wait_for_operation__pulse(pContext, pMainLoop, pOP);
        ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            goto done;
        }
    }


    /* Capture. */
    if (!callbackData.isTerminated) {
        pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_source_info_list_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_list)(pPulseContext, ma_context_enumerate_devices_source_callback__pulse, &callbackData);
        if (pOP == NULL) {
            result = MA_ERROR;
            goto done;
        }

        result = ma_wait_for_operation__pulse(pContext, pMainLoop, pOP);
        ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            goto done;
        }
    }

done:
    ((ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect)(pPulseContext);
    ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)(pPulseContext);
    ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
    return result;
}


typedef struct
{
    ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo;
    ma_bool32 foundDevice;
} ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__pulse;

static void ma_context_get_device_info_sink_callback__pulse(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_sink_info* pInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__pulse* pData = (ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__pulse*)pUserData;

    if (endOfList > 0) {
        return;
    }

    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);
    pData->foundDevice = MA_TRUE;

    if (pInfo->name != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->id.pulse, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->id.pulse), pInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
    }

    if (pInfo->description != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->name), pInfo->description, (size_t)-1);
    }

    pData->pDeviceInfo->minChannels   = pInfo->sample_spec.channels;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->maxChannels   = pInfo->sample_spec.channels;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = pInfo->sample_spec.rate;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pInfo->sample_spec.rate;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_from_pulse(pInfo->sample_spec.format);

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static void ma_context_get_device_info_source_callback__pulse(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_source_info* pInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__pulse* pData = (ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__pulse*)pUserData;

    if (endOfList > 0) {
        return;
    }

    MA_ASSERT(pData != NULL);
    pData->foundDevice = MA_TRUE;

    if (pInfo->name != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->id.pulse, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->id.pulse), pInfo->name, (size_t)-1);
    }

    if (pInfo->description != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pData->pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pData->pDeviceInfo->name), pInfo->description, (size_t)-1);
    }

    pData->pDeviceInfo->minChannels = pInfo->sample_spec.channels;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = pInfo->sample_spec.channels;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = pInfo->sample_spec.rate;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pInfo->sample_spec.rate;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
    pData->pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_from_pulse(pInfo->sample_spec.format);

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__pulse(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_context_get_device_info_callback_data__pulse callbackData;
    ma_pa_operation* pOP = NULL;
    ma_pa_mainloop* pMainLoop;
    ma_pa_mainloop_api* pAPI;
    ma_pa_context* pPulseContext;
    int error;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* No exclusive mode with the PulseAudio backend. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    callbackData.pDeviceInfo = pDeviceInfo;
    callbackData.foundDevice = MA_FALSE;

    pMainLoop = ((ma_pa_mainloop_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_new)();
    if (pMainLoop == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pAPI = ((ma_pa_mainloop_get_api_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_get_api)(pMainLoop);
    if (pAPI == NULL) {
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pPulseContext = ((ma_pa_context_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_new)(pAPI, pContext->pulse.pApplicationName);
    if (pPulseContext == NULL) {
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    error = ((ma_pa_context_connect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect)(pPulseContext, pContext->pulse.pServerName, 0, NULL);
    if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
        ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)(pPulseContext);
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        return ma_result_from_pulse(error);
    }

    for (;;) {
        ma_pa_context_state_t state = ((ma_pa_context_get_state_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_state)(pPulseContext);
        if (state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_READY) {
            break;  /* Success. */
        }
        if (state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_CONNECTING || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_AUTHORIZING || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_SETTING_NAME) {
            error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)(pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
            if (error < 0) {
                result = ma_result_from_pulse(error);
                goto done;
            }

#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[PulseAudio] pa_context_get_state() returned %d. Waiting.\n", state);
#endif
            continue;   /* Keep trying. */
        }
        if (state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_FAILED || state == MA_PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED) {
#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[PulseAudio] pa_context_get_state() returned %d. Failed.\n", state);
#endif
            goto done;  /* Failed. */
        }
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name)(pPulseContext, pDeviceID->pulse, ma_context_get_device_info_sink_callback__pulse, &callbackData);
    } else {
        pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_by_name)(pPulseContext, pDeviceID->pulse, ma_context_get_device_info_source_callback__pulse, &callbackData);
    }

    if (pOP != NULL) {
        ma_wait_for_operation__pulse(pContext, pMainLoop, pOP);
        ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
    } else {
        result = MA_ERROR;
        goto done;
    }

    if (!callbackData.foundDevice) {
        result = MA_NO_DEVICE;
        goto done;
    }


done:
    ((ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect)(pPulseContext);
    ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)(pPulseContext);
    ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
    return result;
}


static void ma_pulse_device_state_callback(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice;
    ma_context* pContext;

    pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    pDevice->pulse.pulseContextState = ((ma_pa_context_get_state_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_state)(pPulseContext);
}

static void ma_device_sink_info_callback(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_sink_info* pInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_pa_sink_info* pInfoOut;

    if (endOfList > 0) {
        return;
    }

    pInfoOut = (ma_pa_sink_info*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pInfoOut != NULL);

    *pInfoOut = *pInfo;

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static void ma_device_source_info_callback(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_source_info* pInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_pa_source_info* pInfoOut;

    if (endOfList > 0) {
        return;
    }

    pInfoOut = (ma_pa_source_info*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pInfoOut != NULL);

    *pInfoOut = *pInfo;

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static void ma_device_sink_name_callback(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_sink_info* pInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice;

    if (endOfList > 0) {
        return;
    }

    pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    ma_strncpy_s(pDevice->playback.name, sizeof(pDevice->playback.name), pInfo->description, (size_t)-1);

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static void ma_device_source_name_callback(ma_pa_context* pPulseContext, const ma_pa_source_info* pInfo, int endOfList, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice;

    if (endOfList > 0) {
        return;
    }

    pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    ma_strncpy_s(pDevice->capture.name, sizeof(pDevice->capture.name), pInfo->description, (size_t)-1);

    (void)pPulseContext; /* Unused. */
}

static void ma_device_uninit__pulse(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_context* pContext;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_disconnect)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
        ((ma_pa_stream_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_unref)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
    }
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_disconnect)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
        ((ma_pa_stream_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_unref)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
    }

    ((ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext);
    ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext);
    ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop);
}

static ma_pa_buffer_attr ma_device__pa_buffer_attr_new(ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames, ma_uint32 periods, const ma_pa_sample_spec* ss)
{
    ma_pa_buffer_attr attr;
    attr.maxlength = periodSizeInFrames * periods * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(ma_format_from_pulse(ss->format), ss->channels);
    attr.tlength   = attr.maxlength / periods;
    attr.prebuf    = (ma_uint32)-1;
    attr.minreq    = (ma_uint32)-1;
    attr.fragsize  = attr.maxlength / periods;

    return attr;
}

static ma_pa_stream* ma_device__pa_stream_new__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const char* pStreamName, const ma_pa_sample_spec* ss, const ma_pa_channel_map* cmap)
{
    static int g_StreamCounter = 0;
    char actualStreamName[256];

    if (pStreamName != NULL) {
        ma_strncpy_s(actualStreamName, sizeof(actualStreamName), pStreamName, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strcpy_s(actualStreamName, sizeof(actualStreamName), "miniaudio:");
        ma_itoa_s(g_StreamCounter, actualStreamName + 8, sizeof(actualStreamName)-8, 10);  /* 8 = strlen("miniaudio:") */
    }
    g_StreamCounter += 1;

    return ((ma_pa_stream_new_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_new)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, actualStreamName, ss, cmap);
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__pulse(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    int error = 0;
    const char* devPlayback = NULL;
    const char* devCapture  = NULL;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    ma_pa_sink_info sinkInfo;
    ma_pa_source_info sourceInfo;
    ma_pa_operation* pOP = NULL;
    ma_pa_sample_spec ss;
    ma_pa_channel_map cmap;
    ma_pa_buffer_attr attr;
    const ma_pa_sample_spec* pActualSS   = NULL;
    const ma_pa_channel_map* pActualCMap = NULL;
    const ma_pa_buffer_attr* pActualAttr = NULL;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;
    ma_pa_stream_flags_t streamFlags;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->pulse);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* No exclusive mode with the PulseAudio backend. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.pDeviceID != NULL) {
        devPlayback = pConfig->playback.pDeviceID->pulse;
    }
    if ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.pDeviceID != NULL) {
        devCapture = pConfig->capture.pDeviceID->pulse;
    }

    periodSizeInMilliseconds = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    if (periodSizeInMilliseconds == 0) {
        periodSizeInMilliseconds = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_milliseconds_from_frames(pConfig->periodSizeInFrames, pConfig->sampleRate);
    }

    pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop = ((ma_pa_mainloop_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_new)();
    if (pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop == NULL) {
        result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to create main loop for device.", MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND);
        goto on_error0;
    }

    pDevice->pulse.pAPI = ((ma_pa_mainloop_get_api_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_get_api)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop);
    if (pDevice->pulse.pAPI == NULL) {
        result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to retrieve PulseAudio main loop.", MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND);
        goto on_error1;
    }

    pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext = ((ma_pa_context_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_new)((ma_pa_mainloop_api*)pDevice->pulse.pAPI, pContext->pulse.pApplicationName);
    if (pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext == NULL) {
        result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to create PulseAudio context for device.", MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND);
        goto on_error1;
    }

    error = ((ma_pa_context_connect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, pContext->pulse.pServerName, (pContext->pulse.tryAutoSpawn) ? 0 : MA_PA_CONTEXT_NOAUTOSPAWN, NULL);
    if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
        result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to connect PulseAudio context.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
        goto on_error2;
    }


    pDevice->pulse.pulseContextState = MA_PA_CONTEXT_UNCONNECTED;
    ((ma_pa_context_set_state_callback_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_set_state_callback)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, ma_pulse_device_state_callback, pDevice);

    /* Wait for PulseAudio to get itself ready before returning. */
    for (;;) {
        if (pDevice->pulse.pulseContextState == MA_PA_CONTEXT_READY) {
            break;
        }

        /* An error may have occurred. */
        if (pDevice->pulse.pulseContextState == MA_PA_CONTEXT_FAILED || pDevice->pulse.pulseContextState == MA_PA_CONTEXT_TERMINATED) {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] An error occurred while connecting the PulseAudio context.", MA_ERROR);
            goto on_error3;
        }

        error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
        if (error < 0) {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] The PulseAudio main loop returned an error while connecting the PulseAudio context.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            goto on_error3;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_by_name)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, devCapture, ma_device_source_info_callback, &sourceInfo);
        if (pOP != NULL) {
            ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
            ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
        } else {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to retrieve source info for capture device.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            goto on_error3;
        }

        ss = sourceInfo.sample_spec;
        cmap = sourceInfo.channel_map;

        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(periodSizeInMilliseconds, ss.rate);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;

        attr = ma_device__pa_buffer_attr_new(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pConfig->periods, &ss);
    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
        printf("[PulseAudio] Capture attr: maxlength=%d, tlength=%d, prebuf=%d, minreq=%d, fragsize=%d; internalPeriodSizeInFrames=%d\n", attr.maxlength, attr.tlength, attr.prebuf, attr.minreq, attr.fragsize, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
    #endif

        pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture = ma_device__pa_stream_new__pulse(pDevice, pConfig->pulse.pStreamNameCapture, &ss, &cmap);
        if (pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture == NULL) {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to create PulseAudio capture stream.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
            goto on_error3;
        }

        streamFlags = MA_PA_STREAM_START_CORKED | MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT | MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE | MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS;
        if (devCapture != NULL) {
            streamFlags |= MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
        }

        error = ((ma_pa_stream_connect_record_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_record)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture, devCapture, &attr, streamFlags);
        if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to connect PulseAudio capture stream.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            goto on_error4;
        }

        while (((ma_pa_stream_get_state_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_state)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture) != MA_PA_STREAM_READY) {
            error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
            if (error < 0) {
                result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] The PulseAudio main loop returned an error while connecting the PulseAudio capture stream.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
                goto on_error5;
            }
        }

        /* Internal format. */
        pActualSS = ((ma_pa_stream_get_sample_spec_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_sample_spec)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
        if (pActualSS != NULL) {
            /* If anything has changed between the requested and the actual sample spec, we need to update the buffer. */
            if (ss.format != pActualSS->format || ss.channels != pActualSS->channels || ss.rate != pActualSS->rate) {
                attr = ma_device__pa_buffer_attr_new(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pConfig->periods, pActualSS);

                pOP = ((ma_pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_buffer_attr)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture, &attr, NULL, NULL);
                if (pOP != NULL) {
                    ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
                    ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
                }
            }

            ss = *pActualSS;
        }

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat     = ma_format_from_pulse(ss.format);
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels   = ss.channels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate = ss.rate;

        /* Internal channel map. */
        pActualCMap = ((ma_pa_stream_get_channel_map_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_channel_map)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
        if (pActualCMap != NULL) {
            cmap = *pActualCMap;
        }
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDevice->capture.internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
            pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap[iChannel] = ma_channel_position_from_pulse(cmap.map[iChannel]);
        }

        /* Buffer. */
        pActualAttr = ((ma_pa_stream_get_buffer_attr_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_buffer_attr)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
        if (pActualAttr != NULL) {
            attr = *pActualAttr;
        }
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = attr.maxlength / attr.fragsize;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = attr.maxlength / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels) / pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
        printf("[PulseAudio] Capture actual attr: maxlength=%d, tlength=%d, prebuf=%d, minreq=%d, fragsize=%d; internalPeriodSizeInFrames=%d\n", attr.maxlength, attr.tlength, attr.prebuf, attr.minreq, attr.fragsize, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
    #endif

        /* Name. */
        devCapture = ((ma_pa_stream_get_device_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_device_name)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
        if (devCapture != NULL) {
            ma_pa_operation* pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_by_name)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, devCapture, ma_device_source_name_callback, pDevice);
            if (pOP != NULL) {
                ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
                ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
            }
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, devPlayback, ma_device_sink_info_callback, &sinkInfo);
        if (pOP != NULL) {
            ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
            ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
        } else {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to retrieve sink info for playback device.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            goto on_error3;
        }

        ss = sinkInfo.sample_spec;
        cmap = sinkInfo.channel_map;

        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(periodSizeInMilliseconds, ss.rate);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;

        attr = ma_device__pa_buffer_attr_new(pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pConfig->periods, &ss);
    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
        printf("[PulseAudio] Playback attr: maxlength=%d, tlength=%d, prebuf=%d, minreq=%d, fragsize=%d; internalPeriodSizeInFrames=%d\n", attr.maxlength, attr.tlength, attr.prebuf, attr.minreq, attr.fragsize, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
    #endif

        pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback = ma_device__pa_stream_new__pulse(pDevice, pConfig->pulse.pStreamNamePlayback, &ss, &cmap);
        if (pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback == NULL) {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to create PulseAudio playback stream.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
            goto on_error3;
        }

        streamFlags = MA_PA_STREAM_START_CORKED | MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_FORMAT | MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_RATE | MA_PA_STREAM_FIX_CHANNELS;
        if (devPlayback != NULL) {
            streamFlags |= MA_PA_STREAM_DONT_MOVE;
        }

        error = ((ma_pa_stream_connect_playback_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_playback)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, devPlayback, &attr, streamFlags, NULL, NULL);
        if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
            result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to connect PulseAudio playback stream.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            goto on_error6;
        }

        while (((ma_pa_stream_get_state_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_state)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback) != MA_PA_STREAM_READY) {
            error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
            if (error < 0) {
                result = ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] The PulseAudio main loop returned an error while connecting the PulseAudio playback stream.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
                goto on_error7;
            }
        }

        /* Internal format. */
        pActualSS = ((ma_pa_stream_get_sample_spec_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_sample_spec)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
        if (pActualSS != NULL) {
            /* If anything has changed between the requested and the actual sample spec, we need to update the buffer. */
            if (ss.format != pActualSS->format || ss.channels != pActualSS->channels || ss.rate != pActualSS->rate) {
                attr = ma_device__pa_buffer_attr_new(pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pConfig->periods, pActualSS);

                pOP = ((ma_pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_buffer_attr)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, &attr, NULL, NULL);
                if (pOP != NULL) {
                    ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
                    ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
                }
            }

            ss = *pActualSS;
        }

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat     = ma_format_from_pulse(ss.format);
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels   = ss.channels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate = ss.rate;

        /* Internal channel map. */
        pActualCMap = ((ma_pa_stream_get_channel_map_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_channel_map)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
        if (pActualCMap != NULL) {
            cmap = *pActualCMap;
        }
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDevice->playback.internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
            pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap[iChannel] = ma_channel_position_from_pulse(cmap.map[iChannel]);
        }

        /* Buffer. */
        pActualAttr = ((ma_pa_stream_get_buffer_attr_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_buffer_attr)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
        if (pActualAttr != NULL) {
            attr = *pActualAttr;
        }
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = attr.maxlength / attr.tlength;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = attr.maxlength / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels) / pDevice->playback.internalPeriods;
    #ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
        printf("[PulseAudio] Playback actual attr: maxlength=%d, tlength=%d, prebuf=%d, minreq=%d, fragsize=%d; internalPeriodSizeInFrames=%d\n", attr.maxlength, attr.tlength, attr.prebuf, attr.minreq, attr.fragsize, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
    #endif

        /* Name. */
        devPlayback = ((ma_pa_stream_get_device_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_device_name)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
        if (devPlayback != NULL) {
            ma_pa_operation* pOP = ((ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext, devPlayback, ma_device_sink_name_callback, pDevice);
            if (pOP != NULL) {
                ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
                ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;


on_error7:
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_disconnect)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
    }
on_error6:
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_pa_stream_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_unref)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
    }
on_error5:
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_disconnect)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
    }
on_error4:
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_pa_stream_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_unref)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
    }
on_error3: ((ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext);
on_error2: ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)((ma_pa_context*)pDevice->pulse.pPulseContext);
on_error1: ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop);
on_error0:
    return result;
}


static void ma_pulse_operation_complete_callback(ma_pa_stream* pStream, int success, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32* pIsSuccessful = (ma_bool32*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pIsSuccessful != NULL);

    *pIsSuccessful = (ma_bool32)success;

    (void)pStream; /* Unused. */
}

static ma_result ma_device__cork_stream__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType, int cork)
{
    ma_context* pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    ma_bool32 wasSuccessful;
    ma_pa_stream* pStream;
    ma_pa_operation* pOP;
    ma_result result;

    /* This should not be called with a duplex device type. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    wasSuccessful = MA_FALSE;

    pStream = (ma_pa_stream*)((deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture : pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
    MA_ASSERT(pStream != NULL);

    pOP = ((ma_pa_stream_cork_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_stream_cork)(pStream, cork, ma_pulse_operation_complete_callback, &wasSuccessful);
    if (pOP == NULL) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to cork PulseAudio stream.", (cork == 0) ? MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE : MA_FAILED_TO_STOP_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }

    result = ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
    ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] An error occurred while waiting for the PulseAudio stream to cork.", result);
    }

    if (!wasSuccessful) {
        if (cork) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to stop PulseAudio stream.", MA_FAILED_TO_STOP_BACKEND_DEVICE);
        } else {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to start PulseAudio stream.", MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__pulse(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_bool32 wasSuccessful;
    ma_pa_operation* pOP;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        result = ma_device__cork_stream__pulse(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture, 1);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        /* The stream needs to be drained if it's a playback device. */
        pOP = ((ma_pa_stream_drain_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_drain)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, ma_pulse_operation_complete_callback, &wasSuccessful);
        if (pOP != NULL) {
            ma_device__wait_for_operation__pulse(pDevice, pOP);
            ((ma_pa_operation_unref_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref)(pOP);
        }

        result = ma_device__cork_stream__pulse(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback, 1);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    ma_uint32 totalFramesWritten;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pPCMFrames != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(frameCount > 0);

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    totalFramesWritten = 0;
    while (totalFramesWritten < frameCount) {
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
            return MA_DEVICE_NOT_STARTED;
        }

        /* Place the data into the mapped buffer if we have one. */
        if (pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferPlayback != NULL && pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback > 0) {
            ma_uint32 bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
            ma_uint32 mappedBufferFramesConsumed = pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityPlayback - pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback;

            void* pDst = (ma_uint8*)pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferPlayback + (mappedBufferFramesConsumed * bpf);
            const void* pSrc = (const ma_uint8*)pPCMFrames + (totalFramesWritten * bpf);
            ma_uint32  framesToCopy = ma_min(pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback, (frameCount - totalFramesWritten));
            MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDst, pSrc, framesToCopy * bpf);

            pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback -= framesToCopy;
            totalFramesWritten += framesToCopy;
        }

        /*
        Getting here means we've run out of data in the currently mapped chunk. We need to write this to the device and then try
        mapping another chunk. If this fails we need to wait for space to become available.
        */
        if (pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityPlayback > 0 && pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback == 0) {
            size_t nbytes = pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityPlayback * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);

            int error = ((ma_pa_stream_write_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_write)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferPlayback, nbytes, NULL, 0, MA_PA_SEEK_RELATIVE);
            if (error < 0) {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to write data to the PulseAudio stream.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            }

            pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferPlayback = NULL;
            pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback = 0;
            pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityPlayback = 0;
        }

        MA_ASSERT(totalFramesWritten <= frameCount);
        if (totalFramesWritten == frameCount) {
            break;
        }

        /* Getting here means we need to map a new buffer. If we don't have enough space we need to wait for more. */
        for (;;) {
            size_t writableSizeInBytes;

            /* If the device has been corked, don't try to continue. */
            if (((ma_pa_stream_is_corked_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_is_corked)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback)) {
                break;
            }

            writableSizeInBytes = ((ma_pa_stream_writable_size_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_writable_size)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback);
            if (writableSizeInBytes != (size_t)-1) {
                if (writableSizeInBytes > 0) {
                    /* Data is avaialable. */
                    size_t bytesToMap = writableSizeInBytes;
                    int error = ((ma_pa_stream_begin_write_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_begin_write)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamPlayback, &pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferPlayback, &bytesToMap);
                    if (error < 0) {
                        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to map write buffer.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
                    }

                    pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityPlayback  = bytesToMap / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingPlayback = pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityPlayback;

                    break;
                } else {
                    /* No data available. Need to wait for more. */
                    int error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop, 1, NULL);
                    if (error < 0) {
                        return ma_result_from_pulse(error);
                    }

                    continue;
                }
            } else {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to query the stream's writable size.", MA_ERROR);
            }
        }
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = totalFramesWritten;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__pulse(ma_device* pDevice, void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_uint32 totalFramesRead;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pPCMFrames != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(frameCount > 0);

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
            return MA_DEVICE_NOT_STARTED;
        }

        /*
        If a buffer is mapped we need to read from that first. Once it's consumed we need to drop it. Note that pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture can be null in which
        case it could be a hole. In this case we just write zeros into the output buffer.
        */
        if (pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture > 0) {
            ma_uint32 bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
            ma_uint32 mappedBufferFramesConsumed = pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture - pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture;

            ma_uint32  framesToCopy = ma_min(pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture, (frameCount - totalFramesRead));
            void* pDst = (ma_uint8*)pPCMFrames + (totalFramesRead * bpf);

            /*
            This little bit of logic here is specifically for PulseAudio and it's hole management. The buffer pointer will be set to NULL
            when the current fragment is a hole. For a hole we just output silence.
            */
            if (pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture != NULL) {
                const void* pSrc = (const ma_uint8*)pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture + (mappedBufferFramesConsumed * bpf);
                MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDst, pSrc, framesToCopy * bpf);
            } else {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDst, framesToCopy * bpf);
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("[PulseAudio] ma_device_read__pulse: Filling hole with silence.\n");
            #endif
            }

            pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture -= framesToCopy;
            totalFramesRead += framesToCopy;
        }

        /*
        Getting here means we've run out of data in the currently mapped chunk. We need to drop this from the device and then try
        mapping another chunk. If this fails we need to wait for data to become available.
        */
        if (pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture > 0 && pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture == 0) {
            int error;

        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[PulseAudio] ma_device_read__pulse: Call pa_stream_drop()\n");
        #endif

            error = ((ma_pa_stream_drop_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_drop)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture);
            if (error != 0) {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to drop fragment.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            }

            pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture = NULL;
            pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture = 0;
            pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture = 0;
        }

        MA_ASSERT(totalFramesRead <= frameCount);
        if (totalFramesRead == frameCount) {
            break;
        }

        /* Getting here means we need to map a new buffer. If we don't have enough data we wait for more. */
        for (;;) {
            int error;
            size_t bytesMapped;

            if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
                break;
            }

            /* If the device has been corked, don't try to continue. */
            if (((ma_pa_stream_is_corked_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_is_corked)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture)) {
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("[PulseAudio] ma_device_read__pulse: Corked.\n");
            #endif
                break;
            }

            MA_ASSERT(pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture == NULL); /* <-- We're about to map a buffer which means we shouldn't have an existing mapping. */

            error = ((ma_pa_stream_peek_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_stream_peek)((ma_pa_stream*)pDevice->pulse.pStreamCapture, &pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture, &bytesMapped);
            if (error < 0) {
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[PulseAudio] Failed to peek capture buffer.", ma_result_from_pulse(error));
            }

            if (bytesMapped > 0) {
                pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture  = bytesMapped / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture = pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture;

                #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                    printf("[PulseAudio] ma_device_read__pulse: Mapped. mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture=%d, mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture=%d\n", pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture, pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture);
                #endif

                if (pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture == NULL) {
                    /* It's a hole. */
                    #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                        printf("[PulseAudio] ma_device_read__pulse: Call pa_stream_peek(). Hole.\n");
                    #endif
                }

                break;
            } else {
                if (pDevice->pulse.pMappedBufferCapture == NULL) {
                    /* Nothing available yet. Need to wait for more. */

                    /*
                    I have had reports of a deadlock in this part of the code. I have reproduced this when using the "Built-in Audio Analogue Stereo" device without
                    an actual microphone connected. I'm experimenting here by not blocking in pa_mainloop_iterate() and instead sleep for a bit when there are no
                    dispatches.
                    */
                    error = ((ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc)pDevice->pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate)((ma_pa_mainloop*)pDevice->pulse.pMainLoop, 0, NULL);
                    if (error < 0) {
                        return ma_result_from_pulse(error);
                    }

                    /* Sleep for a bit if nothing was dispatched. */
                    if (error == 0) {
                        ma_sleep(1);
                    }

                #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                    printf("[PulseAudio] ma_device_read__pulse: No data available. Waiting. mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture=%d, mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture=%d\n", pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesCapacityCapture, pDevice->pulse.mappedBufferFramesRemainingCapture);
                #endif
                } else {
                    /* Getting here means we mapped 0 bytes, but have a non-NULL buffer. I don't think this should ever happen. */
                    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = totalFramesRead;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__pulse(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* The stream needs to be uncorked first. We do this at the top for both capture and playback for PulseAudio. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        result = ma_device__cork_stream__pulse(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture, 0);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        result = ma_device__cork_stream__pulse(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback, 0);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }


    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                        capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__pulse(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                        ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                        ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));

                        /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                        which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                        */
                        if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                        /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                            ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            result = ma_device_write__pulse(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL);   /* Safe cast. */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }

                            capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__pulse()... */
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__pulse(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                    framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                    result = ma_device_write__pulse(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        }
    }

    /* Here is where the device needs to be stopped. */
    ma_device_stop__pulse(pDevice);

    return result;
}


static ma_result ma_context_uninit__pulse(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_pulseaudio);

    ma_free(pContext->pulse.pServerName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    pContext->pulse.pServerName = NULL;

    ma_free(pContext->pulse.pApplicationName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    pContext->pulse.pApplicationName = NULL;

#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO);
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__pulse(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    const char* libpulseNames[] = {
        "libpulse.so",
        "libpulse.so.0"
    };
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(libpulseNames); ++i) {
        pContext->pulse.pulseSO = ma_dlopen(pContext, libpulseNames[i]);
        if (pContext->pulse.pulseSO != NULL) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pContext->pulse.pulseSO == NULL) {
        return MA_NO_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_new                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_mainloop_new");
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free                   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_mainloop_free");
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_get_api                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_mainloop_get_api");
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_mainloop_iterate");
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_wakeup                 = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_mainloop_wakeup");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_new                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_new");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref                   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_unref");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect                 = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_connect");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_disconnect");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_set_state_callback      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_set_state_callback");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_state               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_get_state");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_list      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_get_sink_info_list");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_list    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_get_source_info_list");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name");
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_by_name = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_context_get_source_info_by_name");
    pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref                 = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_operation_unref");
    pContext->pulse.pa_operation_get_state             = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_operation_get_state");
    pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_init_extend         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_channel_map_init_extend");
    pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_valid               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_channel_map_valid");
    pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_compatible          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_channel_map_compatible");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_new                      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_new");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_unref                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_unref");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_playback         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_connect_playback");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_record           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_connect_record");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_disconnect               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_disconnect");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_state                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_get_state");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_sample_spec          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_get_sample_spec");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_channel_map          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_get_channel_map");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_buffer_attr          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_get_buffer_attr");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_buffer_attr          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_set_buffer_attr");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_device_name          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_get_device_name");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_write_callback       = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_set_write_callback");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_read_callback        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_set_read_callback");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_flush                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_flush");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_drain                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_drain");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_is_corked                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_is_corked");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_cork                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_cork");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_trigger                  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_trigger");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_begin_write              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_begin_write");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_write                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_write");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_peek                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_peek");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_drop                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_drop");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_writable_size            = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_writable_size");
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_readable_size            = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO, "pa_stream_readable_size");
#else
    /* This strange assignment system is just for type safety. */
    ma_pa_mainloop_new_proc                    _pa_mainloop_new                   = pa_mainloop_new;
    ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc                   _pa_mainloop_free                  = pa_mainloop_free;
    ma_pa_mainloop_get_api_proc                _pa_mainloop_get_api               = pa_mainloop_get_api;
    ma_pa_mainloop_iterate_proc                _pa_mainloop_iterate               = pa_mainloop_iterate;
    ma_pa_mainloop_wakeup_proc                 _pa_mainloop_wakeup                = pa_mainloop_wakeup;
    ma_pa_context_new_proc                     _pa_context_new                    = pa_context_new;
    ma_pa_context_unref_proc                   _pa_context_unref                  = pa_context_unref;
    ma_pa_context_connect_proc                 _pa_context_connect                = pa_context_connect;
    ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc              _pa_context_disconnect             = pa_context_disconnect;
    ma_pa_context_set_state_callback_proc      _pa_context_set_state_callback     = pa_context_set_state_callback;
    ma_pa_context_get_state_proc               _pa_context_get_state              = pa_context_get_state;
    ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_list_proc      _pa_context_get_sink_info_list     = pa_context_get_sink_info_list;
    ma_pa_context_get_source_info_list_proc    _pa_context_get_source_info_list   = pa_context_get_source_info_list;
    ma_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name_proc   _pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name  = pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name;
    ma_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name_proc _pa_context_get_source_info_by_name= pa_context_get_source_info_by_name;
    ma_pa_operation_unref_proc                 _pa_operation_unref                = pa_operation_unref;
    ma_pa_operation_get_state_proc             _pa_operation_get_state            = pa_operation_get_state;
    ma_pa_channel_map_init_extend_proc         _pa_channel_map_init_extend        = pa_channel_map_init_extend;
    ma_pa_channel_map_valid_proc               _pa_channel_map_valid              = pa_channel_map_valid;
    ma_pa_channel_map_compatible_proc          _pa_channel_map_compatible         = pa_channel_map_compatible;
    ma_pa_stream_new_proc                      _pa_stream_new                     = pa_stream_new;
    ma_pa_stream_unref_proc                    _pa_stream_unref                   = pa_stream_unref;
    ma_pa_stream_connect_playback_proc         _pa_stream_connect_playback        = pa_stream_connect_playback;
    ma_pa_stream_connect_record_proc           _pa_stream_connect_record          = pa_stream_connect_record;
    ma_pa_stream_disconnect_proc               _pa_stream_disconnect              = pa_stream_disconnect;
    ma_pa_stream_get_state_proc                _pa_stream_get_state               = pa_stream_get_state;
    ma_pa_stream_get_sample_spec_proc          _pa_stream_get_sample_spec         = pa_stream_get_sample_spec;
    ma_pa_stream_get_channel_map_proc          _pa_stream_get_channel_map         = pa_stream_get_channel_map;
    ma_pa_stream_get_buffer_attr_proc          _pa_stream_get_buffer_attr         = pa_stream_get_buffer_attr;
    ma_pa_stream_set_buffer_attr_proc          _pa_stream_set_buffer_attr         = pa_stream_set_buffer_attr;
    ma_pa_stream_get_device_name_proc          _pa_stream_get_device_name         = pa_stream_get_device_name;
    ma_pa_stream_set_write_callback_proc       _pa_stream_set_write_callback      = pa_stream_set_write_callback;
    ma_pa_stream_set_read_callback_proc        _pa_stream_set_read_callback       = pa_stream_set_read_callback;
    ma_pa_stream_flush_proc                    _pa_stream_flush                   = pa_stream_flush;
    ma_pa_stream_drain_proc                    _pa_stream_drain                   = pa_stream_drain;
    ma_pa_stream_is_corked_proc                _pa_stream_is_corked               = pa_stream_is_corked;
    ma_pa_stream_cork_proc                     _pa_stream_cork                    = pa_stream_cork;
    ma_pa_stream_trigger_proc                  _pa_stream_trigger                 = pa_stream_trigger;
    ma_pa_stream_begin_write_proc              _pa_stream_begin_write             = pa_stream_begin_write;
    ma_pa_stream_write_proc                    _pa_stream_write                   = pa_stream_write;
    ma_pa_stream_peek_proc                     _pa_stream_peek                    = pa_stream_peek;
    ma_pa_stream_drop_proc                     _pa_stream_drop                    = pa_stream_drop;
    ma_pa_stream_writable_size_proc            _pa_stream_writable_size           = pa_stream_writable_size;
    ma_pa_stream_readable_size_proc            _pa_stream_readable_size           = pa_stream_readable_size;

    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_new                    = (ma_proc)_pa_mainloop_new;
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free                   = (ma_proc)_pa_mainloop_free;
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_get_api                = (ma_proc)_pa_mainloop_get_api;
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_iterate                = (ma_proc)_pa_mainloop_iterate;
    pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_wakeup                 = (ma_proc)_pa_mainloop_wakeup;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_new                     = (ma_proc)_pa_context_new;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref                   = (ma_proc)_pa_context_unref;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect                 = (ma_proc)_pa_context_connect;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect              = (ma_proc)_pa_context_disconnect;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_set_state_callback      = (ma_proc)_pa_context_set_state_callback;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_state               = (ma_proc)_pa_context_get_state;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_list      = (ma_proc)_pa_context_get_sink_info_list;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_list    = (ma_proc)_pa_context_get_source_info_list;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name   = (ma_proc)_pa_context_get_sink_info_by_name;
    pContext->pulse.pa_context_get_source_info_by_name = (ma_proc)_pa_context_get_source_info_by_name;
    pContext->pulse.pa_operation_unref                 = (ma_proc)_pa_operation_unref;
    pContext->pulse.pa_operation_get_state             = (ma_proc)_pa_operation_get_state;
    pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_init_extend         = (ma_proc)_pa_channel_map_init_extend;
    pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_valid               = (ma_proc)_pa_channel_map_valid;
    pContext->pulse.pa_channel_map_compatible          = (ma_proc)_pa_channel_map_compatible;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_new                      = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_new;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_unref                    = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_unref;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_playback         = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_connect_playback;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_connect_record           = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_connect_record;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_disconnect               = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_disconnect;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_state                = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_get_state;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_sample_spec          = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_get_sample_spec;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_channel_map          = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_get_channel_map;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_buffer_attr          = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_get_buffer_attr;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_buffer_attr          = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_set_buffer_attr;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_get_device_name          = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_get_device_name;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_write_callback       = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_set_write_callback;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_set_read_callback        = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_set_read_callback;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_flush                    = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_flush;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_drain                    = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_drain;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_is_corked                = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_is_corked;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_cork                     = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_cork;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_trigger                  = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_trigger;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_begin_write              = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_begin_write;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_write                    = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_write;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_peek                     = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_peek;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_drop                     = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_drop;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_writable_size            = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_writable_size;
    pContext->pulse.pa_stream_readable_size            = (ma_proc)_pa_stream_readable_size;
#endif

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__pulse;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__pulse;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__pulse;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__pulse;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__pulse;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__pulse;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL;
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL;
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__pulse;

    if (pConfig->pulse.pApplicationName) {
        pContext->pulse.pApplicationName = ma_copy_string(pConfig->pulse.pApplicationName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }
    if (pConfig->pulse.pServerName) {
        pContext->pulse.pServerName = ma_copy_string(pConfig->pulse.pServerName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }
    pContext->pulse.tryAutoSpawn = pConfig->pulse.tryAutoSpawn;
    
    /*
    Although we have found the libpulse library, it doesn't necessarily mean PulseAudio is useable. We need to initialize
    and connect a dummy PulseAudio context to test PulseAudio's usability.
    */
    {
        ma_pa_mainloop* pMainLoop;
        ma_pa_mainloop_api* pAPI;
        ma_pa_context* pPulseContext;
        int error;

        pMainLoop = ((ma_pa_mainloop_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_new)();
        if (pMainLoop == NULL) {
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pServerName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pApplicationName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO);
        #endif
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        pAPI = ((ma_pa_mainloop_get_api_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_get_api)(pMainLoop);
        if (pAPI == NULL) {
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pServerName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pApplicationName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO);
        #endif
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        pPulseContext = ((ma_pa_context_new_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_new)(pAPI, pContext->pulse.pApplicationName);
        if (pPulseContext == NULL) {
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pServerName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pApplicationName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO);
        #endif
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        error = ((ma_pa_context_connect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_connect)(pPulseContext, pContext->pulse.pServerName, 0, NULL);
        if (error != MA_PA_OK) {
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pServerName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ma_free(pContext->pulse.pApplicationName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)(pPulseContext);
            ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
        #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->pulse.pulseSO);
        #endif
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        ((ma_pa_context_disconnect_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_disconnect)(pPulseContext);
        ((ma_pa_context_unref_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_context_unref)(pPulseContext);
        ((ma_pa_mainloop_free_proc)pContext->pulse.pa_mainloop_free)(pMainLoop);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif


/******************************************************************************

JACK Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_JACK

/* It is assumed jack.h is available when compile-time linking is being used. */
#ifdef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
#include <jack/jack.h>

typedef jack_nframes_t              ma_jack_nframes_t;
typedef jack_options_t              ma_jack_options_t;
typedef jack_status_t               ma_jack_status_t;
typedef jack_client_t               ma_jack_client_t;
typedef jack_port_t                 ma_jack_port_t;
typedef JackProcessCallback         ma_JackProcessCallback;
typedef JackBufferSizeCallback      ma_JackBufferSizeCallback;
typedef JackShutdownCallback        ma_JackShutdownCallback;
#define MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE  JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE
#define ma_JackNoStartServer        JackNoStartServer
#define ma_JackPortIsInput          JackPortIsInput
#define ma_JackPortIsOutput         JackPortIsOutput
#define ma_JackPortIsPhysical       JackPortIsPhysical
#else
typedef ma_uint32               ma_jack_nframes_t;
typedef int                     ma_jack_options_t;
typedef int                     ma_jack_status_t;
typedef struct ma_jack_client_t ma_jack_client_t;
typedef struct ma_jack_port_t   ma_jack_port_t;
typedef int  (* ma_JackProcessCallback)   (ma_jack_nframes_t nframes, void* arg);
typedef int  (* ma_JackBufferSizeCallback)(ma_jack_nframes_t nframes, void* arg);
typedef void (* ma_JackShutdownCallback)  (void* arg);
#define MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE "32 bit float mono audio"
#define ma_JackNoStartServer       1
#define ma_JackPortIsInput         1
#define ma_JackPortIsOutput        2
#define ma_JackPortIsPhysical      4
#endif

typedef ma_jack_client_t* (* ma_jack_client_open_proc)             (const char* client_name, ma_jack_options_t options, ma_jack_status_t* status, ...);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_client_close_proc)            (ma_jack_client_t* client);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_client_name_size_proc)        (void);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_set_process_callback_proc)    (ma_jack_client_t* client, ma_JackProcessCallback process_callback, void* arg);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_set_buffer_size_callback_proc)(ma_jack_client_t* client, ma_JackBufferSizeCallback bufsize_callback, void* arg);
typedef void              (* ma_jack_on_shutdown_proc)             (ma_jack_client_t* client, ma_JackShutdownCallback function, void* arg);
typedef ma_jack_nframes_t (* ma_jack_get_sample_rate_proc)         (ma_jack_client_t* client);
typedef ma_jack_nframes_t (* ma_jack_get_buffer_size_proc)         (ma_jack_client_t* client);
typedef const char**      (* ma_jack_get_ports_proc)               (ma_jack_client_t* client, const char* port_name_pattern, const char* type_name_pattern, unsigned long flags);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_activate_proc)                (ma_jack_client_t* client);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_deactivate_proc)              (ma_jack_client_t* client);
typedef int               (* ma_jack_connect_proc)                 (ma_jack_client_t* client, const char* source_port, const char* destination_port);
typedef ma_jack_port_t*   (* ma_jack_port_register_proc)           (ma_jack_client_t* client, const char* port_name, const char* port_type, unsigned long flags, unsigned long buffer_size);
typedef const char*       (* ma_jack_port_name_proc)               (const ma_jack_port_t* port);
typedef void*             (* ma_jack_port_get_buffer_proc)         (ma_jack_port_t* port, ma_jack_nframes_t nframes);
typedef void              (* ma_jack_free_proc)                    (void* ptr);

static ma_result ma_context_open_client__jack(ma_context* pContext, ma_jack_client_t** ppClient)
{
    size_t maxClientNameSize;
    char clientName[256];
    ma_jack_status_t status;
    ma_jack_client_t* pClient;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppClient != NULL);

    if (ppClient) {
        *ppClient = NULL;
    }

    maxClientNameSize = ((ma_jack_client_name_size_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_name_size)(); /* Includes null terminator. */
    ma_strncpy_s(clientName, ma_min(sizeof(clientName), maxClientNameSize), (pContext->jack.pClientName != NULL) ? pContext->jack.pClientName : "miniaudio", (size_t)-1);

    pClient = ((ma_jack_client_open_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_open)(clientName, (pContext->jack.tryStartServer) ? 0 : ma_JackNoStartServer, &status, NULL);
    if (pClient == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE;
    }

    if (ppClient) {
        *ppClient = pClient;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__jack(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return pID0->jack == pID1->jack;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__jack(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32 cbResult = MA_TRUE;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    /* Playback. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    /* Capture. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__jack(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_jack_client_t* pClient;
    ma_result result;
    const char** ppPorts;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* No exclusive mode with the JACK backend. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (pDeviceID != NULL && pDeviceID->jack != 0) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;   /* Don't know the device. */
    }

    /* Name / Description */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    }

    /* Jack only supports f32 and has a specific channel count and sample rate. */
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
    pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_f32;

    /* The channel count and sample rate can only be determined by opening the device. */
    result = ma_context_open_client__jack(pContext, &pClient);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to open client.", result);
    }

    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = ((ma_jack_get_sample_rate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_sample_rate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pClient);
    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate;

    pDeviceInfo->minChannels = 0;
    pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = 0;

    ppPorts = ((ma_jack_get_ports_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_ports)((ma_jack_client_t*)pClient, NULL, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsPhysical | ((deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? ma_JackPortIsInput : ma_JackPortIsOutput));
    if (ppPorts == NULL) {
        ((ma_jack_client_close_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_close)((ma_jack_client_t*)pClient);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to query physical ports.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }

    while (ppPorts[pDeviceInfo->minChannels] != NULL) {
        pDeviceInfo->minChannels += 1;
        pDeviceInfo->maxChannels += 1;
    }

    ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppPorts);
    ((ma_jack_client_close_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_close)((ma_jack_client_t*)pClient);

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static void ma_device_uninit__jack(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_context* pContext;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    if (pDevice->jack.pClient != NULL) {
        ((ma_jack_client_close_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_close)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&pDevice->jack.duplexRB);
    }
}

static void ma_device__jack_shutdown_callback(void* pUserData)
{
    /* JACK died. Stop the device. */
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    ma_device_stop(pDevice);
}

static int ma_device__jack_buffer_size_callback(ma_jack_nframes_t frameCount, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        size_t newBufferSize = frameCount * (pDevice->capture.internalChannels * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pDevice->capture.internalFormat));
        float* pNewBuffer = (float*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(newBufferSize, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pNewBuffer == NULL) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);

        pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture = pNewBuffer;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = frameCount;
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        size_t newBufferSize = frameCount * (pDevice->playback.internalChannels * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pDevice->playback.internalFormat));
        float* pNewBuffer = (float*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(newBufferSize, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pNewBuffer == NULL) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);

        pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback = pNewBuffer;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = frameCount;
    }

    return 0;
}

static int ma_device__jack_process_callback(ma_jack_nframes_t frameCount, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice;
    ma_context* pContext;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        /* Channels need to be interleaved. */
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDevice->capture.internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
            const float* pSrc = (const float*)((ma_jack_port_get_buffer_proc)pContext->jack.jack_port_get_buffer)((ma_jack_port_t*)pDevice->jack.pPortsCapture[iChannel], frameCount);
            if (pSrc != NULL) {
                float* pDst = pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture + iChannel;
                ma_jack_nframes_t iFrame;
                for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                    *pDst = *pSrc;

                    pDst += pDevice->capture.internalChannels;
                    pSrc += 1;
                }
            }
        }

        if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
            ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, frameCount, pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture, &pDevice->jack.duplexRB);
        } else {
            ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, frameCount, pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture);
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
            ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(pDevice, frameCount, pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback, &pDevice->jack.duplexRB);
        } else {
            ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, frameCount, pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback);
        }

        /* Channels need to be deinterleaved. */
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDevice->playback.internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
            float* pDst = (float*)((ma_jack_port_get_buffer_proc)pContext->jack.jack_port_get_buffer)((ma_jack_port_t*)pDevice->jack.pPortsPlayback[iChannel], frameCount);
            if (pDst != NULL) {
                const float* pSrc = pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback + iChannel;
                ma_jack_nframes_t iFrame;
                for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                    *pDst = *pSrc;

                    pDst += 1;
                    pSrc += pDevice->playback.internalChannels;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__jack(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 periods;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* Only supporting default devices with JACK. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.pDeviceID != NULL && pConfig->playback.pDeviceID->jack != 0) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.pDeviceID  != NULL && pConfig->capture.pDeviceID->jack  != 0)) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }

    /* No exclusive mode with the JACK backend. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* Open the client. */
    result = ma_context_open_client__jack(pContext, (ma_jack_client_t**)&pDevice->jack.pClient);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to open client.", result);
    }

    /* Callbacks. */
    if (((ma_jack_set_process_callback_proc)pContext->jack.jack_set_process_callback)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, ma_device__jack_process_callback, pDevice) != 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to set process callback.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }
    if (((ma_jack_set_buffer_size_callback_proc)pContext->jack.jack_set_buffer_size_callback)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, ma_device__jack_buffer_size_callback, pDevice) != 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to set buffer size callback.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }

    ((ma_jack_on_shutdown_proc)pContext->jack.jack_on_shutdown)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, ma_device__jack_shutdown_callback, pDevice);


    /* The buffer size in frames can change. */
    periods            = pConfig->periods;
    periodSizeInFrames = ((ma_jack_get_buffer_size_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_buffer_size)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
    
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        const char** ppPorts;

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat = ma_format_f32;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels = 0;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate = ((ma_jack_get_sample_rate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_sample_rate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_alsa, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);

        ppPorts = ((ma_jack_get_ports_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_ports)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, NULL, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsPhysical | ma_JackPortIsOutput);
        if (ppPorts == NULL) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to query physical ports.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
        }

        while (ppPorts[pDevice->capture.internalChannels] != NULL) {
            char name[64];
            ma_strcpy_s(name, sizeof(name), "capture");
            ma_itoa_s((int)pDevice->capture.internalChannels, name+7, sizeof(name)-7, 10); /* 7 = length of "capture" */

            pDevice->jack.pPortsCapture[pDevice->capture.internalChannels] = ((ma_jack_port_register_proc)pContext->jack.jack_port_register)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, name, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsInput, 0);
            if (pDevice->jack.pPortsCapture[pDevice->capture.internalChannels] == NULL) {
                ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppPorts);
                ma_device_uninit__jack(pDevice);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to register ports.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
            }

            pDevice->capture.internalChannels += 1;
        }

        ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppPorts);

        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = periods;

        pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture = (float*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferCapture == NULL) {
            ma_device_uninit__jack(pDevice);
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        const char** ppPorts;

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat = ma_format_f32;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels = 0;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate = ((ma_jack_get_sample_rate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_sample_rate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_alsa, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);

        ppPorts = ((ma_jack_get_ports_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_ports)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, NULL, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsPhysical | ma_JackPortIsInput);
        if (ppPorts == NULL) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to query physical ports.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
        }

        while (ppPorts[pDevice->playback.internalChannels] != NULL) {
            char name[64];
            ma_strcpy_s(name, sizeof(name), "playback");
            ma_itoa_s((int)pDevice->playback.internalChannels, name+8, sizeof(name)-8, 10); /* 8 = length of "playback" */

            pDevice->jack.pPortsPlayback[pDevice->playback.internalChannels] = ((ma_jack_port_register_proc)pContext->jack.jack_port_register)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, name, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsOutput, 0);
            if (pDevice->jack.pPortsPlayback[pDevice->playback.internalChannels] == NULL) {
                ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppPorts);
                ma_device_uninit__jack(pDevice);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to register ports.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
            }

            pDevice->playback.internalChannels += 1;
        }

        ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppPorts);

        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = periods;

        pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback = (float*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels), &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pDevice->jack.pIntermediaryBufferPlayback == NULL) {
            ma_device_uninit__jack(pDevice);
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 rbSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * pDevice->capture.internalPeriods);
        result = ma_pcm_rb_init(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels, rbSizeInFrames, NULL, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks, &pDevice->jack.duplexRB);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__jack(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to initialize ring buffer.", result);
        }

        /* We need a period to act as a buffer for cases where the playback and capture device's end up desyncing. */
        {
            ma_uint32 marginSizeInFrames = rbSizeInFrames / pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
            void* pMarginData;
            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(&pDevice->jack.duplexRB, &marginSizeInFrames, &pMarginData);
            {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pMarginData, marginSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels));
            }
            ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(&pDevice->jack.duplexRB, marginSizeInFrames, pMarginData);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_device_start__jack(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_context* pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    int resultJACK;
    size_t i;

    resultJACK = ((ma_jack_activate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_activate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
    if (resultJACK != 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to activate the JACK client.", MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        const char** ppServerPorts = ((ma_jack_get_ports_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_ports)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, NULL, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsPhysical | ma_JackPortIsOutput);
        if (ppServerPorts == NULL) {
            ((ma_jack_deactivate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_deactivate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to retrieve physical ports.", MA_ERROR);
        }

        for (i = 0; ppServerPorts[i] != NULL; ++i) {
            const char* pServerPort = ppServerPorts[i];
            const char* pClientPort = ((ma_jack_port_name_proc)pContext->jack.jack_port_name)((ma_jack_port_t*)pDevice->jack.pPortsCapture[i]);

            resultJACK = ((ma_jack_connect_proc)pContext->jack.jack_connect)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, pServerPort, pClientPort);
            if (resultJACK != 0) {
                ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppServerPorts);
                ((ma_jack_deactivate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_deactivate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to connect ports.", MA_ERROR);
            }
        }

        ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppServerPorts);
    }
    
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        const char** ppServerPorts = ((ma_jack_get_ports_proc)pContext->jack.jack_get_ports)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, NULL, MA_JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, ma_JackPortIsPhysical | ma_JackPortIsInput);
        if (ppServerPorts == NULL) {
            ((ma_jack_deactivate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_deactivate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to retrieve physical ports.", MA_ERROR);
        }

        for (i = 0; ppServerPorts[i] != NULL; ++i) {
            const char* pServerPort = ppServerPorts[i];
            const char* pClientPort = ((ma_jack_port_name_proc)pContext->jack.jack_port_name)((ma_jack_port_t*)pDevice->jack.pPortsPlayback[i]);

            resultJACK = ((ma_jack_connect_proc)pContext->jack.jack_connect)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient, pClientPort, pServerPort);
            if (resultJACK != 0) {
                ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppServerPorts);
                ((ma_jack_deactivate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_deactivate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] Failed to connect ports.", MA_ERROR);
            }
        }

        ((ma_jack_free_proc)pContext->jack.jack_free)((void*)ppServerPorts);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__jack(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_context* pContext = pDevice->pContext;
    ma_stop_proc onStop;

    if (((ma_jack_deactivate_proc)pContext->jack.jack_deactivate)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDevice->jack.pClient) != 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[JACK] An error occurred when deactivating the JACK client.", MA_ERROR);
    }
    
    onStop = pDevice->onStop;
    if (onStop) {
        onStop(pDevice);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_context_uninit__jack(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_jack);

    ma_free(pContext->jack.pClientName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    pContext->jack.pClientName = NULL;

#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO);
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__jack(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    const char* libjackNames[] = {
#ifdef MA_WIN32
        "libjack.dll"
#else
        "libjack.so",
        "libjack.so.0"
#endif
    };
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(libjackNames); ++i) {
        pContext->jack.jackSO = ma_dlopen(pContext, libjackNames[i]);
        if (pContext->jack.jackSO != NULL) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pContext->jack.jackSO == NULL) {
        return MA_NO_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->jack.jack_client_open              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_client_open");
    pContext->jack.jack_client_close             = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_client_close");
    pContext->jack.jack_client_name_size         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_client_name_size");
    pContext->jack.jack_set_process_callback     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_set_process_callback");
    pContext->jack.jack_set_buffer_size_callback = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_set_buffer_size_callback");
    pContext->jack.jack_on_shutdown              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_on_shutdown");
    pContext->jack.jack_get_sample_rate          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_get_sample_rate");
    pContext->jack.jack_get_buffer_size          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_get_buffer_size");
    pContext->jack.jack_get_ports                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_get_ports");
    pContext->jack.jack_activate                 = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_activate");
    pContext->jack.jack_deactivate               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_deactivate");
    pContext->jack.jack_connect                  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_connect");
    pContext->jack.jack_port_register            = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_port_register");
    pContext->jack.jack_port_name                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_port_name");
    pContext->jack.jack_port_get_buffer          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_port_get_buffer");
    pContext->jack.jack_free                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO, "jack_free");
#else
    /*
    This strange assignment system is here just to ensure type safety of miniaudio's function pointer
    types. If anything differs slightly the compiler should throw a warning.
    */
    ma_jack_client_open_proc              _jack_client_open              = jack_client_open;
    ma_jack_client_close_proc             _jack_client_close             = jack_client_close;
    ma_jack_client_name_size_proc         _jack_client_name_size         = jack_client_name_size;
    ma_jack_set_process_callback_proc     _jack_set_process_callback     = jack_set_process_callback;
    ma_jack_set_buffer_size_callback_proc _jack_set_buffer_size_callback = jack_set_buffer_size_callback;
    ma_jack_on_shutdown_proc              _jack_on_shutdown              = jack_on_shutdown;
    ma_jack_get_sample_rate_proc          _jack_get_sample_rate          = jack_get_sample_rate;
    ma_jack_get_buffer_size_proc          _jack_get_buffer_size          = jack_get_buffer_size;
    ma_jack_get_ports_proc                _jack_get_ports                = jack_get_ports;
    ma_jack_activate_proc                 _jack_activate                 = jack_activate;
    ma_jack_deactivate_proc               _jack_deactivate               = jack_deactivate;
    ma_jack_connect_proc                  _jack_connect                  = jack_connect;
    ma_jack_port_register_proc            _jack_port_register            = jack_port_register;
    ma_jack_port_name_proc                _jack_port_name                = jack_port_name;
    ma_jack_port_get_buffer_proc          _jack_port_get_buffer          = jack_port_get_buffer;
    ma_jack_free_proc                     _jack_free                     = jack_free;

    pContext->jack.jack_client_open              = (ma_proc)_jack_client_open;
    pContext->jack.jack_client_close             = (ma_proc)_jack_client_close;
    pContext->jack.jack_client_name_size         = (ma_proc)_jack_client_name_size;
    pContext->jack.jack_set_process_callback     = (ma_proc)_jack_set_process_callback;
    pContext->jack.jack_set_buffer_size_callback = (ma_proc)_jack_set_buffer_size_callback;
    pContext->jack.jack_on_shutdown              = (ma_proc)_jack_on_shutdown;
    pContext->jack.jack_get_sample_rate          = (ma_proc)_jack_get_sample_rate;
    pContext->jack.jack_get_buffer_size          = (ma_proc)_jack_get_buffer_size;
    pContext->jack.jack_get_ports                = (ma_proc)_jack_get_ports;
    pContext->jack.jack_activate                 = (ma_proc)_jack_activate;
    pContext->jack.jack_deactivate               = (ma_proc)_jack_deactivate;
    pContext->jack.jack_connect                  = (ma_proc)_jack_connect;
    pContext->jack.jack_port_register            = (ma_proc)_jack_port_register;
    pContext->jack.jack_port_name                = (ma_proc)_jack_port_name;
    pContext->jack.jack_port_get_buffer          = (ma_proc)_jack_port_get_buffer;
    pContext->jack.jack_free                     = (ma_proc)_jack_free;
#endif

    pContext->isBackendAsynchronous = MA_TRUE;

    pContext->onUninit        = ma_context_uninit__jack;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__jack;
    pContext->onEnumDevices   = ma_context_enumerate_devices__jack;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo = ma_context_get_device_info__jack;
    pContext->onDeviceInit    = ma_device_init__jack;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit  = ma_device_uninit__jack;
    pContext->onDeviceStart   = ma_device_start__jack;
    pContext->onDeviceStop    = ma_device_stop__jack;

    if (pConfig->jack.pClientName != NULL) {
        pContext->jack.pClientName = ma_copy_string(pConfig->jack.pClientName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }
    pContext->jack.tryStartServer = pConfig->jack.tryStartServer;

    /*
    Getting here means the JACK library is installed, but it doesn't necessarily mean it's usable. We need to quickly test this by connecting
    a temporary client.
    */
    {
        ma_jack_client_t* pDummyClient;
        ma_result result = ma_context_open_client__jack(pContext, &pDummyClient);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_free(pContext->jack.pClientName, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        #ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->jack.jackSO);
        #endif
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        }

        ((ma_jack_client_close_proc)pContext->jack.jack_client_close)((ma_jack_client_t*)pDummyClient);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* JACK */



/******************************************************************************

Core Audio Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_COREAUDIO
#include <TargetConditionals.h>

#if defined(TARGET_OS_IPHONE) && TARGET_OS_IPHONE == 1
    #define MA_APPLE_MOBILE
    #if defined(TARGET_OS_TV) && TARGET_OS_TV == 1
        #define MA_APPLE_TV
    #endif
    #if defined(TARGET_OS_WATCH) && TARGET_OS_WATCH == 1
        #define MA_APPLE_WATCH
    #endif
#else
    #define MA_APPLE_DESKTOP
#endif

#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
#include <CoreAudio/CoreAudio.h>
#else
#include <AVFoundation/AVFoundation.h>
#endif

#include <AudioToolbox/AudioToolbox.h>

/* CoreFoundation */
typedef Boolean (* ma_CFStringGetCString_proc)(CFStringRef theString, char* buffer, CFIndex bufferSize, CFStringEncoding encoding);
typedef void (* ma_CFRelease_proc)(CFTypeRef cf);

/* CoreAudio */
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)(AudioObjectID inObjectID, const AudioObjectPropertyAddress* inAddress, UInt32 inQualifierDataSize, const void* inQualifierData, UInt32* ioDataSize, void* outData);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize_proc)(AudioObjectID inObjectID, const AudioObjectPropertyAddress* inAddress, UInt32 inQualifierDataSize, const void* inQualifierData, UInt32* outDataSize);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioObjectSetPropertyData_proc)(AudioObjectID inObjectID, const AudioObjectPropertyAddress* inAddress, UInt32 inQualifierDataSize, const void* inQualifierData, UInt32 inDataSize, const void* inData);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioObjectAddPropertyListener_proc)(AudioObjectID inObjectID, const AudioObjectPropertyAddress* inAddress, AudioObjectPropertyListenerProc inListener, void* inClientData);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener_proc)(AudioObjectID inObjectID, const AudioObjectPropertyAddress* inAddress, AudioObjectPropertyListenerProc inListener, void* inClientData);
#endif

/* AudioToolbox */
typedef AudioComponent (* ma_AudioComponentFindNext_proc)(AudioComponent inComponent, const AudioComponentDescription* inDesc);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)(AudioComponentInstance inInstance);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioComponentInstanceNew_proc)(AudioComponent inComponent, AudioComponentInstance* outInstance);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioOutputUnitStart_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioUnitAddPropertyListener_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit, AudioUnitPropertyID inID, AudioUnitPropertyListenerProc inProc, void* inProcUserData);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit, AudioUnitPropertyID inID, AudioUnitScope inScope, AudioUnitElement inElement, UInt32* outDataSize, Boolean* outWriteable);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit, AudioUnitPropertyID inID, AudioUnitScope inScope, AudioUnitElement inElement, void* outData, UInt32* ioDataSize);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit, AudioUnitPropertyID inID, AudioUnitScope inScope, AudioUnitElement inElement, const void* inData, UInt32 inDataSize);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioUnitInitialize_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit);
typedef OSStatus (* ma_AudioUnitRender_proc)(AudioUnit inUnit, AudioUnitRenderActionFlags* ioActionFlags, const AudioTimeStamp* inTimeStamp, UInt32 inOutputBusNumber, UInt32 inNumberFrames, AudioBufferList* ioData);


#define MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS    0
#define MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS     1

#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
static ma_result ma_device_reinit_internal__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_bool32 disposePreviousAudioUnit);
#endif

/*
Core Audio

So far, Core Audio has been the worst backend to work with due to being both unintuitive and having almost no documentation
apart from comments in the headers (which admittedly are quite good). For my own purposes, and for anybody out there whose
needing to figure out how this darn thing works, I'm going to outline a few things here.

Since miniaudio is a fairly low-level API, one of the things it needs is control over specific devices, and it needs to be
able to identify whether or not it can be used as playback and/or capture. The AudioObject API is the only one I've seen
that supports this level of detail. There was some public domain sample code I stumbled across that used the AudioComponent
and AudioUnit APIs, but I couldn't see anything that gave low-level control over device selection and capabilities (the
distinction between playback and capture in particular). Therefore, miniaudio is using the AudioObject API.

Most (all?) functions in the AudioObject API take a AudioObjectID as it's input. This is the device identifier. When
retrieving global information, such as the device list, you use kAudioObjectSystemObject. When retrieving device-specific
data, you pass in the ID for that device. In order to retrieve device-specific IDs you need to enumerate over each of the
devices. This is done using the AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize() and AudioObjectGetPropertyData() APIs which seem to be
the central APIs for retrieving information about the system and specific devices.

To use the AudioObjectGetPropertyData() API you need to use the notion of a property address. A property address is a
structure with three variables and is used to identify which property you are getting or setting. The first is the "selector"
which is basically the specific property that you're wanting to retrieve or set. The second is the "scope", which is
typically set to kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput for input-specific properties and
kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput for output-specific properties. The last is the "element" which is always set to
kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster in miniaudio's case. I don't know of any cases where this would be set to anything different.

Back to the earlier issue of device retrieval, you first use the AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize() API to retrieve the size
of the raw data which is just a list of AudioDeviceID's. You use the kAudioObjectSystemObject AudioObjectID, and a property
address with the kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices selector and the kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal scope. Once you have the
size, allocate a block of memory of that size and then call AudioObjectGetPropertyData(). The data is just a list of
AudioDeviceID's so just do "dataSize/sizeof(AudioDeviceID)" to know the device count.
*/

static ma_result ma_result_from_OSStatus(OSStatus status)
{
    switch (status)
    {
        case noErr:                                   return MA_SUCCESS;
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        case kAudioHardwareNotRunningError:           return MA_DEVICE_NOT_STARTED;
        case kAudioHardwareUnspecifiedError:          return MA_ERROR;
        case kAudioHardwareUnknownPropertyError:      return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case kAudioHardwareBadPropertySizeError:      return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case kAudioHardwareIllegalOperationError:     return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case kAudioHardwareBadObjectError:            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case kAudioHardwareBadDeviceError:            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case kAudioHardwareBadStreamError:            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case kAudioHardwareUnsupportedOperationError: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        case kAudioDeviceUnsupportedFormatError:      return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        case kAudioDevicePermissionsError:            return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
        default:                                      return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

#if 0
static ma_channel ma_channel_from_AudioChannelBitmap(AudioChannelBitmap bit)
{
    switch (bit)
    {
        case kAudioChannelBit_Left:                 return MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_Right:                return MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_Center:               return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_LFEScreen:            return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case kAudioChannelBit_LeftSurround:         return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_RightSurround:        return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_LeftCenter:           return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_RightCenter:          return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_CenterSurround:       return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_LeftSurroundDirect:   return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_RightSurroundDirect:  return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_TopCenterSurround:    return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_VerticalHeightLeft:   return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_VerticalHeightCenter: return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_VerticalHeightRight:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_TopBackLeft:          return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelBit_TopBackCenter:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelBit_TopBackRight:         return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        default:                                    return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
    }
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(const AudioStreamBasicDescription* pDescription, ma_format* pFormatOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDescription != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFormatOut != NULL);
    
    *pFormatOut = ma_format_unknown;   /* Safety. */
    
    /* There's a few things miniaudio doesn't support. */
    if (pDescription->mFormatID != kAudioFormatLinearPCM) {
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    
    /* We don't support any non-packed formats that are aligned high. */
    if ((pDescription->mFormatFlags & kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsAlignedHigh) != 0) {
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* Only supporting native-endian. */
    if ((ma_is_little_endian() && (pDescription->mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsBigEndian) != 0) || (ma_is_big_endian() && (pDescription->mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsBigEndian) == 0)) {
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    
    /* We are not currently supporting non-interleaved formats (this will be added in a future version of miniaudio). */
    /*if ((pDescription->mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsNonInterleaved) != 0) {
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }*/

    if ((pDescription->mFormatFlags & kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsFloat) != 0) {
        if (pDescription->mBitsPerChannel == 32) {
            *pFormatOut = ma_format_f32;
            return MA_SUCCESS;
        }
    } else {
        if ((pDescription->mFormatFlags & kLinearPCMFormatFlagIsSignedInteger) != 0) {
            if (pDescription->mBitsPerChannel == 16) {
                *pFormatOut = ma_format_s16;
                return MA_SUCCESS;
            } else if (pDescription->mBitsPerChannel == 24) {
                if (pDescription->mBytesPerFrame == (pDescription->mBitsPerChannel/8 * pDescription->mChannelsPerFrame)) {
                    *pFormatOut = ma_format_s24;
                    return MA_SUCCESS;
                } else {
                    if (pDescription->mBytesPerFrame/pDescription->mChannelsPerFrame == sizeof(ma_int32)) {
                        /* TODO: Implement ma_format_s24_32. */
                        /**pFormatOut = ma_format_s24_32;*/
                        /*return MA_SUCCESS;*/
                        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
                    }
                }
            } else if (pDescription->mBitsPerChannel == 32) {
                *pFormatOut = ma_format_s32;
                return MA_SUCCESS;
            }
        } else {
            if (pDescription->mBitsPerChannel == 8) {
                *pFormatOut = ma_format_u8;
                return MA_SUCCESS;
            }
        }
    }
    
    /* Getting here means the format is not supported. */
    return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}

#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
static ma_channel ma_channel_from_AudioChannelLabel(AudioChannelLabel label)
{
    switch (label)
    {
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Unknown:              return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Unused:               return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_UseCoordinates:       return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Left:                 return MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Right:                return MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Center:               return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LFEScreen:            return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LeftSurround:         return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RightSurround:        return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LeftCenter:           return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RightCenter:          return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_CenterSurround:       return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LeftSurroundDirect:   return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RightSurroundDirect:  return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_TopCenterSurround:    return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_VerticalHeightLeft:   return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_VerticalHeightCenter: return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_VerticalHeightRight:  return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_TopBackLeft:          return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_TopBackCenter:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_TopBackRight:         return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RearSurroundLeft:     return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RearSurroundRight:    return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LeftWide:             return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RightWide:            return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LFE2:                 return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_LeftTotal:            return MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_RightTotal:           return MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HearingImpaired:      return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Narration:            return MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Mono:                 return MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_DialogCentricMix:     return MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_CenterSurroundDirect: return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Haptic:               return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Ambisonic_W:          return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Ambisonic_X:          return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Ambisonic_Y:          return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Ambisonic_Z:          return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_MS_Mid:               return MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_MS_Side:              return MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_XY_X:                 return MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_XY_Y:                 return MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HeadphonesLeft:       return MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HeadphonesRight:      return MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_ClickTrack:           return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_ForeignLanguage:      return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete:             return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_0:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_1:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_1;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_2:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_2;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_3:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_3;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_4:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_4;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_5:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_5;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_6:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_6;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_7:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_7;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_8:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_8;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_9:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_9;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_10:          return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_10;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_11:          return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_11;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_12:          return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_12;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_13:          return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_13;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_14:          return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_14;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_15:          return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_15;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_Discrete_65535:       return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        
    #if 0   /* Introduced in a later version of macOS. */
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN:              return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_0:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_1:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_1;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_2:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_2;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_3:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_3;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_4:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_4;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_5:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_5;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_6:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_6;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_7:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_7;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_8:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_8;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_9:            return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_9;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_10:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_10;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_11:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_11;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_12:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_12;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_13:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_13;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_14:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_14;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_15:           return MA_CHANNEL_AUX_15;
        case kAudioChannelLabel_HOA_ACN_65024:        return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
    #endif
        
        default:                                      return MA_CHANNEL_NONE;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_get_channel_map_from_AudioChannelLayout(AudioChannelLayout* pChannelLayout, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    MA_ASSERT(pChannelLayout != NULL);
    
    if (pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag == kAudioChannelLayoutTag_UseChannelDescriptions) {
        UInt32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pChannelLayout->mNumberChannelDescriptions; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = ma_channel_from_AudioChannelLabel(pChannelLayout->mChannelDescriptions[iChannel].mChannelLabel);
        }
    } else
#if 0
    if (pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag == kAudioChannelLayoutTag_UseChannelBitmap) {
        /* This is the same kind of system that's used by Windows audio APIs. */
        UInt32 iChannel = 0;
        UInt32 iBit;
        AudioChannelBitmap bitmap = pChannelLayout->mChannelBitmap;
        for (iBit = 0; iBit < 32; ++iBit) {
            AudioChannelBitmap bit = bitmap & (1 << iBit);
            if (bit != 0) {
                channelMap[iChannel++] = ma_channel_from_AudioChannelBit(bit);
            }
        }
    } else
#endif
    {
        /*
        Need to use the tag to determine the channel map. For now I'm just assuming a default channel map, but later on this should
        be updated to determine the mapping based on the tag.
        */
        UInt32 channelCount = AudioChannelLayoutTag_GetNumberOfChannels(pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag);
        switch (pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag)
        {
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Mono:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Stereo:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_StereoHeadphones:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_MatrixStereo:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_MidSide:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_XY:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Binaural:
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Ambisonic_B_Format:
            {
                ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, channelCount, channelMap);
            } break;
            
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Octagonal:
            {
                channelMap[7] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
                channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            } /* Intentional fallthrough. */
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Hexagonal:
            {
                channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
            } /* Intentional fallthrough. */
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Pentagonal:
            {
                channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            } /* Intentional fallghrough. */
            case kAudioChannelLayoutTag_Quadraphonic:
            {
                channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
                channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
                channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
                channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            } break;
            
            /* TODO: Add support for more tags here. */
        
            default:
            {
                ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, channelCount, channelMap);
            } break;
        }
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_get_device_object_ids__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, UInt32* pDeviceCount, AudioObjectID** ppDeviceObjectIDs) /* NOTE: Free the returned buffer with ma_free(). */
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddressDevices;
    UInt32 deviceObjectsDataSize;
    OSStatus status;
    AudioObjectID* pDeviceObjectIDs;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDeviceCount != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppDeviceObjectIDs != NULL);

    /* Safety. */
    *pDeviceCount = 0;
    *ppDeviceObjectIDs = NULL;
    
    propAddressDevices.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDevices;
    propAddressDevices.mScope    = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
    propAddressDevices.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;

    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddressDevices, 0, NULL, &deviceObjectsDataSize);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    pDeviceObjectIDs = (AudioObjectID*)ma_malloc(deviceObjectsDataSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pDeviceObjectIDs == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddressDevices, 0, NULL, &deviceObjectsDataSize, pDeviceObjectIDs);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma_free(pDeviceObjectIDs, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    *pDeviceCount = deviceObjectsDataSize / sizeof(AudioObjectID);
    *ppDeviceObjectIDs = pDeviceObjectIDs;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_uid_as_CFStringRef(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID objectID, CFStringRef* pUID)
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyDeviceUID;
    propAddress.mScope    = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;

    dataSize = sizeof(*pUID);
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(objectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, pUID);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_uid(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID objectID, size_t bufferSize, char* bufferOut)
{
    CFStringRef uid;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    result = ma_get_AudioObject_uid_as_CFStringRef(pContext, objectID, &uid);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    if (!((ma_CFStringGetCString_proc)pContext->coreaudio.CFStringGetCString)(uid, bufferOut, bufferSize, kCFStringEncodingUTF8)) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
    
    ((ma_CFRelease_proc)pContext->coreaudio.CFRelease)(uid);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_name(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID objectID, size_t bufferSize, char* bufferOut)
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    CFStringRef deviceName = NULL;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyDeviceNameCFString;
    propAddress.mScope    = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;

    dataSize = sizeof(deviceName);
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(objectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &deviceName);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    if (!((ma_CFStringGetCString_proc)pContext->coreaudio.CFStringGetCString)(deviceName, bufferOut, bufferSize, kCFStringEncodingUTF8)) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
    
    ((ma_CFRelease_proc)pContext->coreaudio.CFRelease)(deviceName);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_does_AudioObject_support_scope(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, AudioObjectPropertyScope scope)
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;
    AudioBufferList* pBufferList;
    ma_bool32 isSupported;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* To know whether or not a device is an input device we need ot look at the stream configuration. If it has an output channel it's a playback device. */
    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyStreamConfiguration;
    propAddress.mScope    = scope;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }
    
    pBufferList = (AudioBufferList*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(dataSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pBufferList == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;   /* Out of memory. */
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, pBufferList);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pBufferList, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    isSupported = MA_FALSE;
    if (pBufferList->mNumberBuffers > 0) {
        isSupported = MA_TRUE;
    }
    
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pBufferList, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    return isSupported;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_does_AudioObject_support_playback(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID)
{
    return ma_does_AudioObject_support_scope(pContext, deviceObjectID, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput);
}

static ma_bool32 ma_does_AudioObject_support_capture(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID)
{
    return ma_does_AudioObject_support_scope(pContext, deviceObjectID, kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput);
}


static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_stream_descriptions(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, UInt32* pDescriptionCount, AudioStreamRangedDescription** ppDescriptions) /* NOTE: Free the returned pointer with ma_free(). */
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;
    AudioStreamRangedDescription* pDescriptions;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDescriptionCount != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppDescriptions != NULL);
    
    /*
    TODO: Experiment with kAudioStreamPropertyAvailablePhysicalFormats instead of (or in addition to) kAudioStreamPropertyAvailableVirtualFormats. My
          MacBook Pro uses s24/32 format, however, which miniaudio does not currently support.
    */
    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioStreamPropertyAvailableVirtualFormats; /*kAudioStreamPropertyAvailablePhysicalFormats;*/
    propAddress.mScope    = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput : kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    pDescriptions = (AudioStreamRangedDescription*)ma_malloc(dataSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pDescriptions == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, pDescriptions);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma_free(pDescriptions, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    *pDescriptionCount = dataSize / sizeof(*pDescriptions);
    *ppDescriptions = pDescriptions;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_channel_layout(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, AudioChannelLayout** ppChannelLayout)   /* NOTE: Free the returned pointer with ma_free(). */
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;
    AudioChannelLayout* pChannelLayout;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppChannelLayout != NULL);
    
    *ppChannelLayout = NULL;    /* Safety. */
    
    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyPreferredChannelLayout;
    propAddress.mScope    = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput : kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    pChannelLayout = (AudioChannelLayout*)ma_malloc(dataSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pChannelLayout == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, pChannelLayout);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma_free(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    *ppChannelLayout = pChannelLayout;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_channel_count(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_uint32* pChannelCount)
{
    AudioChannelLayout* pChannelLayout;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pChannelCount != NULL);
    
    *pChannelCount = 0; /* Safety. */

    result = ma_get_AudioObject_channel_layout(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &pChannelLayout);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    if (pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag == kAudioChannelLayoutTag_UseChannelDescriptions) {
        *pChannelCount = pChannelLayout->mNumberChannelDescriptions;
    } else if (pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag == kAudioChannelLayoutTag_UseChannelBitmap) {
        *pChannelCount = ma_count_set_bits(pChannelLayout->mChannelBitmap);
    } else {
        *pChannelCount = AudioChannelLayoutTag_GetNumberOfChannels(pChannelLayout->mChannelLayoutTag);
    }
    
    ma_free(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

#if 0
static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_channel_map(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    AudioChannelLayout* pChannelLayout;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    
    result = ma_get_AudioObject_channel_layout(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &pChannelLayout);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;  /* Rather than always failing here, would it be more robust to simply assume a default? */
    }
    
    result = ma_get_channel_map_from_AudioChannelLayout(pChannelLayout, channelMap);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_free(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return result;
    }
    
    ma_free(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    return result;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_sample_rates(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, UInt32* pSampleRateRangesCount, AudioValueRange** ppSampleRateRanges)   /* NOTE: Free the returned pointer with ma_free(). */
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;
    AudioValueRange* pSampleRateRanges;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pSampleRateRangesCount != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ppSampleRateRanges != NULL);
  
    /* Safety. */
    *pSampleRateRangesCount = 0;
    *ppSampleRateRanges = NULL;
    
    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyAvailableNominalSampleRates;
    propAddress.mScope    = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput : kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    pSampleRateRanges = (AudioValueRange*)ma_malloc(dataSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pSampleRateRanges == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, pSampleRateRanges);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    *pSampleRateRangesCount = dataSize / sizeof(*pSampleRateRanges);
    *ppSampleRateRanges = pSampleRateRanges;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

#if 0
static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_get_closest_sample_rate(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32* pSampleRateOut)
{
    UInt32 sampleRateRangeCount;
    AudioValueRange* pSampleRateRanges;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pSampleRateOut != NULL);
    
    *pSampleRateOut = 0;    /* Safety. */
    
    result = ma_get_AudioObject_sample_rates(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &sampleRateRangeCount, &pSampleRateRanges);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    if (sampleRateRangeCount == 0) {
        ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_ERROR;   /* Should never hit this case should we? */
    }
    
    if (sampleRateIn == 0) {
        /* Search in order of miniaudio's preferred priority. */
        UInt32 iMALSampleRate;
        for (iMALSampleRate = 0; iMALSampleRate < ma_countof(g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities); ++iMALSampleRate) {
            ma_uint32 malSampleRate = g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[iMALSampleRate];
            UInt32 iCASampleRate;
            for (iCASampleRate = 0; iCASampleRate < sampleRateRangeCount; ++iCASampleRate) {
                AudioValueRange caSampleRate = pSampleRateRanges[iCASampleRate];
                if (caSampleRate.mMinimum <= malSampleRate && caSampleRate.mMaximum >= malSampleRate) {
                    *pSampleRateOut = malSampleRate;
                    ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                    return MA_SUCCESS;
                }
            }
        }
        
        /*
        If we get here it means none of miniaudio's standard sample rates matched any of the supported sample rates from the device. In this
        case we just fall back to the first one reported by Core Audio.
        */
        MA_ASSERT(sampleRateRangeCount > 0);
        
        *pSampleRateOut = pSampleRateRanges[0].mMinimum;
        ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    } else {
        /* Find the closest match to this sample rate. */
        UInt32 currentAbsoluteDifference = INT32_MAX;
        UInt32 iCurrentClosestRange = (UInt32)-1;
        UInt32 iRange;
        for (iRange = 0; iRange < sampleRateRangeCount; ++iRange) {
            if (pSampleRateRanges[iRange].mMinimum <= sampleRateIn && pSampleRateRanges[iRange].mMaximum >= sampleRateIn) {
                *pSampleRateOut = sampleRateIn;
                ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                return MA_SUCCESS;
            } else {
                UInt32 absoluteDifference;
                if (pSampleRateRanges[iRange].mMinimum > sampleRateIn) {
                    absoluteDifference = pSampleRateRanges[iRange].mMinimum - sampleRateIn;
                } else {
                    absoluteDifference = sampleRateIn - pSampleRateRanges[iRange].mMaximum;
                }
                
                if (currentAbsoluteDifference > absoluteDifference) {
                    currentAbsoluteDifference = absoluteDifference;
                    iCurrentClosestRange = iRange;
                }
            }
        }
        
        MA_ASSERT(iCurrentClosestRange != (UInt32)-1);
        
        *pSampleRateOut = pSampleRateRanges[iCurrentClosestRange].mMinimum;
        ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
    
    /* Should never get here, but it would mean we weren't able to find any suitable sample rates. */
    /*ma_free(pSampleRateRanges, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);*/
    /*return MA_ERROR;*/
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_get_AudioObject_closest_buffer_size_in_frames(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFramesIn, ma_uint32* pBufferSizeInFramesOut)
{
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    AudioValueRange bufferSizeRange;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pBufferSizeInFramesOut != NULL);
    
    *pBufferSizeInFramesOut = 0;    /* Safety. */
    
    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSizeRange;
    propAddress.mScope    = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput : kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;

    dataSize = sizeof(bufferSizeRange);
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &bufferSizeRange);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    /* This is just a clamp. */
    if (bufferSizeInFramesIn < bufferSizeRange.mMinimum) {
        *pBufferSizeInFramesOut = (ma_uint32)bufferSizeRange.mMinimum;
    } else if (bufferSizeInFramesIn > bufferSizeRange.mMaximum) {
        *pBufferSizeInFramesOut = (ma_uint32)bufferSizeRange.mMaximum;
    } else {
        *pBufferSizeInFramesOut = bufferSizeInFramesIn;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_set_AudioObject_buffer_size_in_frames(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_uint32* pPeriodSizeInOut)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 chosenBufferSizeInFrames;
    AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
    UInt32 dataSize;
    OSStatus status;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    result = ma_get_AudioObject_closest_buffer_size_in_frames(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, *pPeriodSizeInOut, &chosenBufferSizeInFrames);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* Try setting the size of the buffer... If this fails we just use whatever is currently set. */
    propAddress.mSelector = kAudioDevicePropertyBufferFrameSize;
    propAddress.mScope    = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioObjectPropertyScopeOutput : kAudioObjectPropertyScopeInput;
    propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
    
    ((ma_AudioObjectSetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectSetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, sizeof(chosenBufferSizeInFrames), &chosenBufferSizeInFrames);
    
    /* Get the actual size of the buffer. */
    dataSize = sizeof(*pPeriodSizeInOut);
    status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(deviceObjectID, &propAddress, 0, NULL, &dataSize, &chosenBufferSizeInFrames);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    *pPeriodSizeInOut = chosenBufferSizeInFrames;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_find_AudioObjectID(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, AudioObjectID* pDeviceObjectID)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDeviceObjectID != NULL);

    /* Safety. */
    *pDeviceObjectID = 0;
    
    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        /* Default device. */
        AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddressDefaultDevice;
        UInt32 defaultDeviceObjectIDSize = sizeof(AudioObjectID);
        AudioObjectID defaultDeviceObjectID;
        OSStatus status;

        propAddressDefaultDevice.mScope = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
        propAddressDefaultDevice.mElement = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            propAddressDefaultDevice.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice;
        } else {
            propAddressDefaultDevice.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultInputDevice;
        }
        
        defaultDeviceObjectIDSize = sizeof(AudioObjectID);
        status = ((ma_AudioObjectGetPropertyData_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddressDefaultDevice, 0, NULL, &defaultDeviceObjectIDSize, &defaultDeviceObjectID);
        if (status == noErr) {
            *pDeviceObjectID = defaultDeviceObjectID;
            return MA_SUCCESS;
        }
    } else {
        /* Explicit device. */
        UInt32 deviceCount;
        AudioObjectID* pDeviceObjectIDs;
        ma_result result;
        UInt32 iDevice;

        result = ma_get_device_object_ids__coreaudio(pContext, &deviceCount, &pDeviceObjectIDs);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
        
        for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < deviceCount; ++iDevice) {
            AudioObjectID deviceObjectID = pDeviceObjectIDs[iDevice];
            
            char uid[256];
            if (ma_get_AudioObject_uid(pContext, deviceObjectID, sizeof(uid), uid) != MA_SUCCESS) {
                continue;
            }
            
            if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                if (ma_does_AudioObject_support_playback(pContext, deviceObjectID)) {
                    if (strcmp(uid, pDeviceID->coreaudio) == 0) {
                        *pDeviceObjectID = deviceObjectID;
                        ma_free(pDeviceObjectIDs, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                        return MA_SUCCESS;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (ma_does_AudioObject_support_capture(pContext, deviceObjectID)) {
                    if (strcmp(uid, pDeviceID->coreaudio) == 0) {
                        *pDeviceObjectID = deviceObjectID;
                        ma_free(pDeviceObjectIDs, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                        return MA_SUCCESS;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        ma_free(pDeviceObjectIDs, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }
    
    /* If we get here it means we couldn't find the device. */
    return MA_NO_DEVICE;
}


static ma_result ma_find_best_format__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, AudioObjectID deviceObjectID, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, ma_bool32 usingDefaultFormat, ma_bool32 usingDefaultChannels, ma_bool32 usingDefaultSampleRate, AudioStreamBasicDescription* pFormat)
{
    UInt32 deviceFormatDescriptionCount;
    AudioStreamRangedDescription* pDeviceFormatDescriptions;
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 desiredSampleRate;
    ma_uint32 desiredChannelCount;
    ma_format desiredFormat;
    AudioStreamBasicDescription bestDeviceFormatSoFar;
    ma_bool32 hasSupportedFormat;
    UInt32 iFormat;

    result = ma_get_AudioObject_stream_descriptions(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &deviceFormatDescriptionCount, &pDeviceFormatDescriptions);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    desiredSampleRate = sampleRate;
    if (usingDefaultSampleRate) {
        /*
        When using the device's default sample rate, we get the highest priority standard rate supported by the device. Otherwise
        we just use the pre-set rate.
        */
        ma_uint32 iStandardRate;
        for (iStandardRate = 0; iStandardRate < ma_countof(g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities); ++iStandardRate) {
            ma_uint32 standardRate = g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[iStandardRate];
            ma_bool32 foundRate = MA_FALSE;
            UInt32 iDeviceRate;

            for (iDeviceRate = 0; iDeviceRate < deviceFormatDescriptionCount; ++iDeviceRate) {
                ma_uint32 deviceRate = (ma_uint32)pDeviceFormatDescriptions[iDeviceRate].mFormat.mSampleRate;
                
                if (deviceRate == standardRate) {
                    desiredSampleRate = standardRate;
                    foundRate = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            if (foundRate) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    desiredChannelCount = channels;
    if (usingDefaultChannels) {
        ma_get_AudioObject_channel_count(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &desiredChannelCount);    /* <-- Not critical if this fails. */
    }
    
    desiredFormat = format;
    if (usingDefaultFormat) {
        desiredFormat = g_maFormatPriorities[0];
    }
    
    /*
    If we get here it means we don't have an exact match to what the client is asking for. We'll need to find the closest one. The next
    loop will check for formats that have the same sample rate to what we're asking for. If there is, we prefer that one in all cases.
    */
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&bestDeviceFormatSoFar);
    
    hasSupportedFormat = MA_FALSE;
    for (iFormat = 0; iFormat < deviceFormatDescriptionCount; ++iFormat) {
        ma_format format;
        ma_result formatResult = ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(&pDeviceFormatDescriptions[iFormat].mFormat, &format);
        if (formatResult == MA_SUCCESS && format != ma_format_unknown) {
            hasSupportedFormat = MA_TRUE;
            bestDeviceFormatSoFar = pDeviceFormatDescriptions[iFormat].mFormat;
            break;
        }
    }
    
    if (!hasSupportedFormat) {
        ma_free(pDeviceFormatDescriptions, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    
    
    for (iFormat = 0; iFormat < deviceFormatDescriptionCount; ++iFormat) {
        AudioStreamBasicDescription thisDeviceFormat = pDeviceFormatDescriptions[iFormat].mFormat;
        ma_format thisSampleFormat;
        ma_result formatResult;
        ma_format bestSampleFormatSoFar;

        /* If the format is not supported by miniaudio we need to skip this one entirely. */
        formatResult = ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(&pDeviceFormatDescriptions[iFormat].mFormat, &thisSampleFormat);
        if (formatResult != MA_SUCCESS || thisSampleFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
            continue;   /* The format is not supported by miniaudio. Skip. */
        }
        
        ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(&bestDeviceFormatSoFar, &bestSampleFormatSoFar);
        
        /* Getting here means the format is supported by miniaudio which makes this format a candidate. */
        if (thisDeviceFormat.mSampleRate != desiredSampleRate) {
            /*
            The sample rate does not match, but this format could still be usable, although it's a very low priority. If the best format
            so far has an equal sample rate we can just ignore this one.
            */
            if (bestDeviceFormatSoFar.mSampleRate == desiredSampleRate) {
                continue;   /* The best sample rate so far has the same sample rate as what we requested which means it's still the best so far. Skip this format. */
            } else {
                /* In this case, neither the best format so far nor this one have the same sample rate. Check the channel count next. */
                if (thisDeviceFormat.mChannelsPerFrame != desiredChannelCount) {
                    /* This format has a different sample rate _and_ a different channel count. */
                    if (bestDeviceFormatSoFar.mChannelsPerFrame == desiredChannelCount) {
                        continue;   /* No change to the best format. */
                    } else {
                        /*
                        Both this format and the best so far have different sample rates and different channel counts. Whichever has the
                        best format is the new best.
                        */
                        if (ma_get_format_priority_index(thisSampleFormat) < ma_get_format_priority_index(bestSampleFormatSoFar)) {
                            bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                            continue;
                        } else {
                            continue;   /* No change to the best format. */
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    /* This format has a different sample rate but the desired channel count. */
                    if (bestDeviceFormatSoFar.mChannelsPerFrame == desiredChannelCount) {
                        /* Both this format and the best so far have the desired channel count. Whichever has the best format is the new best. */
                        if (ma_get_format_priority_index(thisSampleFormat) < ma_get_format_priority_index(bestSampleFormatSoFar)) {
                            bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                            continue;
                        } else {
                            continue;   /* No change to the best format for now. */
                        }
                    } else {
                        /* This format has the desired channel count, but the best so far does not. We have a new best. */
                        bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                        continue;
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            /*
            The sample rates match which makes this format a very high priority contender. If the best format so far has a different
            sample rate it needs to be replaced with this one.
            */
            if (bestDeviceFormatSoFar.mSampleRate != desiredSampleRate) {
                bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                continue;
            } else {
                /* In this case both this format and the best format so far have the same sample rate. Check the channel count next. */
                if (thisDeviceFormat.mChannelsPerFrame == desiredChannelCount) {
                    /*
                    In this case this format has the same channel count as what the client is requesting. If the best format so far has
                    a different count, this one becomes the new best.
                    */
                    if (bestDeviceFormatSoFar.mChannelsPerFrame != desiredChannelCount) {
                        bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                        continue;
                    } else {
                        /* In this case both this format and the best so far have the ideal sample rate and channel count. Check the format. */
                        if (thisSampleFormat == desiredFormat) {
                            bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                            break;  /* Found the exact match. */
                        } else {
                            /* The formats are different. The new best format is the one with the highest priority format according to miniaudio. */
                            if (ma_get_format_priority_index(thisSampleFormat) < ma_get_format_priority_index(bestSampleFormatSoFar)) {
                                bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                                continue;
                            } else {
                                continue;   /* No change to the best format for now. */
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    /*
                    In this case the channel count is different to what the client has requested. If the best so far has the same channel
                    count as the requested count then it remains the best.
                    */
                    if (bestDeviceFormatSoFar.mChannelsPerFrame == desiredChannelCount) {
                        continue;
                    } else {
                        /*
                        This is the case where both have the same sample rate (good) but different channel counts. Right now both have about
                        the same priority, but we need to compare the format now.
                        */
                        if (thisSampleFormat == bestSampleFormatSoFar) {
                            if (ma_get_format_priority_index(thisSampleFormat) < ma_get_format_priority_index(bestSampleFormatSoFar)) {
                                bestDeviceFormatSoFar = thisDeviceFormat;
                                continue;
                            } else {
                                continue;   /* No change to the best format for now. */
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    *pFormat = bestDeviceFormatSoFar;

    ma_free(pDeviceFormatDescriptions, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_get_AudioUnit_channel_map(ma_context* pContext, AudioUnit audioUnit, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    AudioUnitScope deviceScope;
    AudioUnitElement deviceBus;
    UInt32 channelLayoutSize;
    OSStatus status;
    AudioChannelLayout* pChannelLayout;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        deviceScope = kAudioUnitScope_Output;
        deviceBus = MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS;
    } else {
        deviceScope = kAudioUnitScope_Input;
        deviceBus = MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo)(audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_AudioChannelLayout, deviceScope, deviceBus, &channelLayoutSize, NULL);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    pChannelLayout = (AudioChannelLayout*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(channelLayoutSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pChannelLayout == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty)(audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_AudioChannelLayout, deviceScope, deviceBus, pChannelLayout, &channelLayoutSize);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    result = ma_get_channel_map_from_AudioChannelLayout(pChannelLayout, channelMap);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        return result;
    }

    ma__free_from_callbacks(pChannelLayout, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif /* MA_APPLE_DESKTOP */

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return strcmp(pID0->coreaudio, pID1->coreaudio) == 0;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    UInt32 deviceCount;
    AudioObjectID* pDeviceObjectIDs;
    ma_result result;
    UInt32 iDevice;

    result = ma_get_device_object_ids__coreaudio(pContext, &deviceCount, &pDeviceObjectIDs);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
  
    for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < deviceCount; ++iDevice) {
        AudioObjectID deviceObjectID = pDeviceObjectIDs[iDevice];
        ma_device_info info;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&info);
        if (ma_get_AudioObject_uid(pContext, deviceObjectID, sizeof(info.id.coreaudio), info.id.coreaudio) != MA_SUCCESS) {
            continue;
        }
        if (ma_get_AudioObject_name(pContext, deviceObjectID, sizeof(info.name), info.name) != MA_SUCCESS) {
            continue;
        }

        if (ma_does_AudioObject_support_playback(pContext, deviceObjectID)) {
            if (!callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &info, pUserData)) {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (ma_does_AudioObject_support_capture(pContext, deviceObjectID)) {
            if (!callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &info, pUserData)) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    
    ma_free(pDeviceObjectIDs, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
#else
    /* Only supporting default devices on non-Desktop platforms. */
    ma_device_info info;
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&info);
    ma_strncpy_s(info.name, sizeof(info.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    if (!callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &info, pUserData)) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&info);
    ma_strncpy_s(info.name, sizeof(info.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    if (!callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &info, pUserData)) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
#endif
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* No exclusive mode with the Core Audio backend for now. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    /* Desktop */
    {
        AudioObjectID deviceObjectID;
        UInt32 streamDescriptionCount;
        AudioStreamRangedDescription* pStreamDescriptions;
        UInt32 iStreamDescription;
        UInt32 sampleRateRangeCount;
        AudioValueRange* pSampleRateRanges;

        result = ma_find_AudioObjectID(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, &deviceObjectID);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    
        result = ma_get_AudioObject_uid(pContext, deviceObjectID, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->id.coreaudio), pDeviceInfo->id.coreaudio);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    
        result = ma_get_AudioObject_name(pContext, deviceObjectID, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), pDeviceInfo->name);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    
        /* Formats. */
        result = ma_get_AudioObject_stream_descriptions(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &streamDescriptionCount, &pStreamDescriptions);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    
        for (iStreamDescription = 0; iStreamDescription < streamDescriptionCount; ++iStreamDescription) {
            ma_format format;
            ma_bool32 formatExists = MA_FALSE;
            ma_uint32 iOutputFormat;

            result = ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(&pStreamDescriptions[iStreamDescription].mFormat, &format);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                continue;
            }
        
            MA_ASSERT(format != ma_format_unknown);
        
            /* Make sure the format isn't already in the output list. */
            for (iOutputFormat = 0; iOutputFormat < pDeviceInfo->formatCount; ++iOutputFormat) {
                if (pDeviceInfo->formats[iOutputFormat] == format) {
                    formatExists = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
        
            if (!formatExists) {
                pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = format;
            }
        }
    
        ma_free(pStreamDescriptions, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    
    
        /* Channels. */
        result = ma_get_AudioObject_channel_count(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &pDeviceInfo->minChannels);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
        pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = pDeviceInfo->minChannels;
    
    
        /* Sample rates. */
        result = ma_get_AudioObject_sample_rates(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &sampleRateRangeCount, &pSampleRateRanges);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    
        if (sampleRateRangeCount > 0) {
            UInt32 iSampleRate;
            pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = UINT32_MAX;
            pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = 0;
            for (iSampleRate = 0; iSampleRate < sampleRateRangeCount; ++iSampleRate) {
                if (pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate > pSampleRateRanges[iSampleRate].mMinimum) {
                    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = pSampleRateRanges[iSampleRate].mMinimum;
                }
                if (pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate < pSampleRateRanges[iSampleRate].mMaximum) {
                    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pSampleRateRanges[iSampleRate].mMaximum;
                }
            }
        }
    }
#else
    /* Mobile */
    {
        AudioComponentDescription desc;
        AudioComponent component;
        AudioUnit audioUnit;
        OSStatus status;
        AudioUnitScope formatScope;
        AudioUnitElement formatElement;
        AudioStreamBasicDescription bestFormat;
        UInt32 propSize;

        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        } else {
            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        }
    
        /*
        Retrieving device information is more annoying on mobile than desktop. For simplicity I'm locking this down to whatever format is
        reported on a temporary I/O unit. The problem, however, is that this doesn't return a value for the sample rate which we need to
        retrieve from the AVAudioSession shared instance.
        */
        desc.componentType = kAudioUnitType_Output;
        desc.componentSubType = kAudioUnitSubType_RemoteIO;
        desc.componentManufacturer = kAudioUnitManufacturer_Apple;
        desc.componentFlags = 0;
        desc.componentFlagsMask = 0;
    
        component = ((ma_AudioComponentFindNext_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentFindNext)(NULL, &desc);
        if (component == NULL) {
            return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
        }
    
        status = ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceNew_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceNew)(component, &audioUnit);
        if (status != noErr) {
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    
        formatScope   = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioUnitScope_Input : kAudioUnitScope_Output;
        formatElement = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS : MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS;
    
        propSize = sizeof(bestFormat);
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty)(audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat, formatScope, formatElement, &bestFormat, &propSize);
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(audioUnit);
        audioUnit = NULL;
    
    
        pDeviceInfo->minChannels = bestFormat.mChannelsPerFrame;
        pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = bestFormat.mChannelsPerFrame;
    
        pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
        result = ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(&bestFormat, &pDeviceInfo->formats[0]);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    
        /*
        It looks like Apple are wanting to push the whole AVAudioSession thing. Thus, we need to use that to determine device settings. To do
        this we just get the shared instance and inspect.
        */
        @autoreleasepool {
            AVAudioSession* pAudioSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];
            MA_ASSERT(pAudioSession != NULL);

            pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = (ma_uint32)pAudioSession.sampleRate;
            pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate;
        }
    }
#endif
    
    (void)pDeviceInfo; /* Unused. */
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static OSStatus ma_on_output__coreaudio(void* pUserData, AudioUnitRenderActionFlags* pActionFlags, const AudioTimeStamp* pTimeStamp, UInt32 busNumber, UInt32 frameCount, AudioBufferList* pBufferList)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    ma_stream_layout layout;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

#if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
    printf("INFO: Output Callback: busNumber=%d, frameCount=%d, mNumberBuffers=%d\n", busNumber, frameCount, pBufferList->mNumberBuffers);
#endif

    /* We need to check whether or not we are outputting interleaved or non-interleaved samples. The way we do this is slightly different for each type. */
    layout = ma_stream_layout_interleaved;
    if (pBufferList->mBuffers[0].mNumberChannels != pDevice->playback.internalChannels) {
        layout = ma_stream_layout_deinterleaved;
    }
    
    if (layout == ma_stream_layout_interleaved) {
        /* For now we can assume everything is interleaved. */
        UInt32 iBuffer;
        for (iBuffer = 0; iBuffer < pBufferList->mNumberBuffers; ++iBuffer) {
            if (pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mNumberChannels == pDevice->playback.internalChannels) {
                ma_uint32 frameCountForThisBuffer = pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                if (frameCountForThisBuffer > 0) {
                    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(pDevice, frameCountForThisBuffer, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mData, &pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
                    } else {
                        ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, frameCountForThisBuffer, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mData);
                    }
                }
                
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("  frameCount=%d, mNumberChannels=%d, mDataByteSize=%d\n", frameCount, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mNumberChannels, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize);
            #endif
            } else {
                /*
                This case is where the number of channels in the output buffer do not match our internal channels. It could mean that it's
                not interleaved, in which case we can't handle right now since miniaudio does not yet support non-interleaved streams. We just
                output silence here.
                */
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mData, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize);

            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("  WARNING: Outputting silence. frameCount=%d, mNumberChannels=%d, mDataByteSize=%d\n", frameCount, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mNumberChannels, pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize);
            #endif
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* This is the deinterleaved case. We need to update each buffer in groups of internalChannels. This assumes each buffer is the same size. */
        
        /*
        For safety we'll check that the internal channels is a multiple of the buffer count. If it's not it means something
        very strange has happened and we're not going to support it.
        */
        if ((pBufferList->mNumberBuffers % pDevice->playback.internalChannels) == 0) {
            ma_uint8 tempBuffer[4096];
            UInt32 iBuffer;
        
            for (iBuffer = 0; iBuffer < pBufferList->mNumberBuffers; iBuffer += pDevice->playback.internalChannels) {
                ma_uint32 frameCountPerBuffer = pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize / ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pDevice->playback.internalFormat);
                ma_uint32 framesRemaining = frameCountPerBuffer;

                while (framesRemaining > 0) {
                    void* ppDeinterleavedBuffers[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
                    ma_uint32 iChannel;
                    ma_uint32 framesToRead = sizeof(tempBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    if (framesToRead > framesRemaining) {
                        framesToRead = framesRemaining;
                    }
                    
                    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(pDevice, framesToRead, tempBuffer, &pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
                    } else {
                        ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToRead, tempBuffer);
                    }
                    
                    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDevice->playback.internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
                        ppDeinterleavedBuffers[iChannel] = (void*)ma_offset_ptr(pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer+iChannel].mData, (frameCountPerBuffer - framesRemaining) * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pDevice->playback.internalFormat));
                    }
                    
                    ma_deinterleave_pcm_frames(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, framesToRead, tempBuffer, ppDeinterleavedBuffers);
                    
                    framesRemaining -= framesToRead;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    (void)pActionFlags;
    (void)pTimeStamp;
    (void)busNumber;
    (void)frameCount;

    return noErr;
}

static OSStatus ma_on_input__coreaudio(void* pUserData, AudioUnitRenderActionFlags* pActionFlags, const AudioTimeStamp* pTimeStamp, UInt32 busNumber, UInt32 frameCount, AudioBufferList* pUnusedBufferList)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    AudioBufferList* pRenderedBufferList;
    ma_stream_layout layout;
    OSStatus status;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    
    pRenderedBufferList = (AudioBufferList*)pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList;
    MA_ASSERT(pRenderedBufferList);
    
    /* We need to check whether or not we are outputting interleaved or non-interleaved samples. The way we do this is slightly different for each type. */
    layout = ma_stream_layout_interleaved;
    if (pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[0].mNumberChannels != pDevice->capture.internalChannels) {
        layout = ma_stream_layout_deinterleaved;
    }
    
#if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
    printf("INFO: Input Callback: busNumber=%d, frameCount=%d, mNumberBuffers=%d\n", busNumber, frameCount, pRenderedBufferList->mNumberBuffers);
#endif
    
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitRender_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitRender)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture, pActionFlags, pTimeStamp, busNumber, frameCount, pRenderedBufferList);
    if (status != noErr) {
    #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
        printf("  ERROR: AudioUnitRender() failed with %d\n", status);
    #endif
        return status;
    }
    
    if (layout == ma_stream_layout_interleaved) {
        UInt32 iBuffer;
        for (iBuffer = 0; iBuffer < pRenderedBufferList->mNumberBuffers; ++iBuffer) {
            if (pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mNumberChannels == pDevice->capture.internalChannels) {
                if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                    ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, frameCount, pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mData, &pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
                } else {
                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, frameCount, pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mData);
                }
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("  mDataByteSize=%d\n", pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize);
            #endif
            } else {
                /*
                This case is where the number of channels in the output buffer do not match our internal channels. It could mean that it's
                not interleaved, in which case we can't handle right now since miniaudio does not yet support non-interleaved streams.
                */
                ma_uint8 silentBuffer[4096];
                ma_uint32 framesRemaining;
                
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(silentBuffer, sizeof(silentBuffer));
                
                framesRemaining = frameCount;
                while (framesRemaining > 0) {
                    ma_uint32 framesToSend = sizeof(silentBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    if (framesToSend > framesRemaining) {
                        framesToSend = framesRemaining;
                    }
                    
                    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, framesToSend, silentBuffer, &pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
                    } else {
                        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesToSend, silentBuffer);
                    }
                    
                    framesRemaining -= framesToSend;
                }
                
            #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
                printf("  WARNING: Outputting silence. frameCount=%d, mNumberChannels=%d, mDataByteSize=%d\n", frameCount, pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mNumberChannels, pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize);
            #endif
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* This is the deinterleaved case. We need to interleave the audio data before sending it to the client. This assumes each buffer is the same size. */
        
        /*
        For safety we'll check that the internal channels is a multiple of the buffer count. If it's not it means something
        very strange has happened and we're not going to support it.
        */
        if ((pRenderedBufferList->mNumberBuffers % pDevice->capture.internalChannels) == 0) {
            ma_uint8 tempBuffer[4096];
            UInt32 iBuffer;
            for (iBuffer = 0; iBuffer < pRenderedBufferList->mNumberBuffers; iBuffer += pDevice->capture.internalChannels) {
                ma_uint32 framesRemaining = frameCount;
                while (framesRemaining > 0) {
                    void* ppDeinterleavedBuffers[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
                    ma_uint32 iChannel;
                    ma_uint32 framesToSend = sizeof(tempBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pDevice->capture.internalFormat);
                    if (framesToSend > framesRemaining) {
                        framesToSend = framesRemaining;
                    }
                    
                    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDevice->capture.internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
                        ppDeinterleavedBuffers[iChannel] = (void*)ma_offset_ptr(pRenderedBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer+iChannel].mData, (frameCount - framesRemaining) * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pDevice->capture.internalFormat));
                    }
                    
                    ma_interleave_pcm_frames(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, framesToSend, (const void**)ppDeinterleavedBuffers, tempBuffer);

                    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, framesToSend, tempBuffer, &pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
                    } else {
                        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesToSend, tempBuffer);
                    }

                    framesRemaining -= framesToSend;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    (void)pActionFlags;
    (void)pTimeStamp;
    (void)busNumber;
    (void)frameCount;
    (void)pUnusedBufferList;

    return noErr;
}

static void on_start_stop__coreaudio(void* pUserData, AudioUnit audioUnit, AudioUnitPropertyID propertyID, AudioUnitScope scope, AudioUnitElement element)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    
    /*
    There's been a report of a deadlock here when triggered by ma_device_uninit(). It looks like
    AudioUnitGetProprty (called below) and AudioComponentInstanceDispose (called in ma_device_uninit)
    can try waiting on the same lock. I'm going to try working around this by not calling any Core
    Audio APIs in the callback when the device has been stopped or uninitialized.
    */
    if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED || ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STOPPING || ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STOPPED) {
        ma_stop_proc onStop = pDevice->onStop;
        if (onStop) {
            onStop(pDevice);
        }
        
        ma_event_signal(&pDevice->coreaudio.stopEvent);
    } else {
        UInt32 isRunning;
        UInt32 isRunningSize = sizeof(isRunning);
        OSStatus status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty)(audioUnit, kAudioOutputUnitProperty_IsRunning, scope, element, &isRunning, &isRunningSize);
        if (status != noErr) {
            return; /* Don't really know what to do in this case... just ignore it, I suppose... */
        }
        
        if (!isRunning) {
            ma_stop_proc onStop;

            /*
            The stop event is a bit annoying in Core Audio because it will be called when we automatically switch the default device. Some scenarios to consider:
            
            1) When the device is unplugged, this will be called _before_ the default device change notification.
            2) When the device is changed via the default device change notification, this will be called _after_ the switch.
            
            For case #1, we just check if there's a new default device available. If so, we just ignore the stop event. For case #2 we check a flag.
            */
            if (((audioUnit == pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback) && pDevice->coreaudio.isDefaultPlaybackDevice) ||
                ((audioUnit == pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture)  && pDevice->coreaudio.isDefaultCaptureDevice)) {
                /*
                It looks like the device is switching through an external event, such as the user unplugging the device or changing the default device
                via the operating system's sound settings. If we're re-initializing the device, we just terminate because we want the stopping of the
                device to be seamless to the client (we don't want them receiving the onStop event and thinking that the device has stopped when it
                hasn't!).
                */
                if (((audioUnit == pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback) && pDevice->coreaudio.isSwitchingPlaybackDevice) ||
                    ((audioUnit == pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture)  && pDevice->coreaudio.isSwitchingCaptureDevice)) {
                    return;
                }
                
                /*
                Getting here means the device is not reinitializing which means it may have been unplugged. From what I can see, it looks like Core Audio
                will try switching to the new default device seamlessly. We need to somehow find a way to determine whether or not Core Audio will most
                likely be successful in switching to the new device.
                
                TODO: Try to predict if Core Audio will switch devices. If not, the onStop callback needs to be posted.
                */
                return;
            }
            
            /* Getting here means we need to stop the device. */
            onStop = pDevice->onStop;
            if (onStop) {
                onStop(pDevice);
            }
        }
    }

    (void)propertyID; /* Unused. */
}

#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
static ma_spinlock g_DeviceTrackingInitLock_CoreAudio = 0;  /* A spinlock for mutal exclusion of the init/uninit of the global tracking data. Initialization to 0 is what we need. */
static ma_uint32   g_DeviceTrackingInitCounter_CoreAudio = 0;
static ma_mutex    g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio;
static ma_device** g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio = NULL;
static ma_uint32   g_TrackedDeviceCap_CoreAudio = 0;
static ma_uint32   g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio = 0;

static OSStatus ma_default_device_changed__coreaudio(AudioObjectID objectID, UInt32 addressCount, const AudioObjectPropertyAddress* pAddresses, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device_type deviceType;
    
    /* Not sure if I really need to check this, but it makes me feel better. */
    if (addressCount == 0) {
        return noErr;
    }
    
    if (pAddresses[0].mSelector == kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice) {
        deviceType = ma_device_type_playback;
    } else if (pAddresses[0].mSelector == kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultInputDevice) {
        deviceType = ma_device_type_capture;
    } else {
        return noErr;   /* Should never hit this. */
    }
    
    ma_mutex_lock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
    {
        ma_uint32 iDevice;
        for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio; iDevice += 1) {
            ma_result reinitResult;
            ma_device* pDevice;
            
            pDevice = g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio[iDevice];
            if (pDevice->type == deviceType || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    pDevice->coreaudio.isSwitchingPlaybackDevice = MA_TRUE;
                    reinitResult = ma_device_reinit_internal__coreaudio(pDevice, deviceType, MA_TRUE);
                    pDevice->coreaudio.isSwitchingPlaybackDevice = MA_FALSE;
                } else {
                    pDevice->coreaudio.isSwitchingCaptureDevice = MA_TRUE;
                    reinitResult = ma_device_reinit_internal__coreaudio(pDevice, deviceType, MA_TRUE);
                    pDevice->coreaudio.isSwitchingCaptureDevice = MA_FALSE;
                }
                
                if (reinitResult == MA_SUCCESS) {
                    ma_device__post_init_setup(pDevice, deviceType);
            
                    /* Restart the device if required. If this fails we need to stop the device entirely. */
                    if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED) {
                        OSStatus status;
                        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                            status = ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStart_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStart)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
                            if (status != noErr) {
                                if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                                    ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
                                }
                                ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPED);
                            }
                        } else if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
                            status = ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStart_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStart)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
                            if (status != noErr) {
                                if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                                    ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
                                }
                                ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPED);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
    
    /* Unused parameters. */
    (void)objectID;
    (void)pUserData;

    return noErr;
}

static ma_result ma_context__init_device_tracking__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    
    ma_spinlock_lock(&g_DeviceTrackingInitLock_CoreAudio);
    {
        AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
        propAddress.mScope    = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
        propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
        
        ma_mutex_init(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
        
        propAddress.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultInputDevice;
        ((ma_AudioObjectAddPropertyListener_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectAddPropertyListener)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddress, &ma_default_device_changed__coreaudio, NULL);
        
        propAddress.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice;
        ((ma_AudioObjectAddPropertyListener_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectAddPropertyListener)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddress, &ma_default_device_changed__coreaudio, NULL);
    }
    ma_spinlock_unlock(&g_DeviceTrackingInitLock_CoreAudio);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context__uninit_device_tracking__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    
    ma_spinlock_lock(&g_DeviceTrackingInitLock_CoreAudio);
    {
        AudioObjectPropertyAddress propAddress;
        propAddress.mScope    = kAudioObjectPropertyScopeGlobal;
        propAddress.mElement  = kAudioObjectPropertyElementMaster;
        
        propAddress.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultInputDevice;
        ((ma_AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddress, &ma_default_device_changed__coreaudio, NULL);
        
        propAddress.mSelector = kAudioHardwarePropertyDefaultOutputDevice;
        ((ma_AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener)(kAudioObjectSystemObject, &propAddress, &ma_default_device_changed__coreaudio, NULL);
        
        /* At this point there should be no tracked devices. If so there's an error somewhere. */
        MA_ASSERT(g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio == NULL);
        MA_ASSERT(g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio == 0);
        
        ma_mutex_uninit(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
    }
    ma_spinlock_unlock(&g_DeviceTrackingInitLock_CoreAudio);
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device__track__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    
    ma_mutex_lock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
    {
        /* Allocate memory if required. */
        if (g_TrackedDeviceCap_CoreAudio <= g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio) {
            ma_uint32 oldCap;
            ma_uint32 newCap;
            ma_device** ppNewDevices;
            
            oldCap = g_TrackedDeviceCap_CoreAudio;
            newCap = g_TrackedDeviceCap_CoreAudio * 2;
            if (newCap == 0) {
                newCap = 1;
            }
            
            ppNewDevices = (ma_device**)ma__realloc_from_callbacks(g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio, sizeof(*g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio)*newCap, sizeof(*g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio)*oldCap, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
            if (ppNewDevices == NULL) {
                ma_mutex_unlock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
                return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }
            
            g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio = ppNewDevices;
            g_TrackedDeviceCap_CoreAudio = newCap;
        }
        
        g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio[g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio] = pDevice;
        g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio += 1;
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device__untrack__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    
    ma_mutex_lock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);
    {
        ma_uint32 iDevice;
        for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio; iDevice += 1) {
            if (g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio[iDevice] == pDevice) {
                /* We've found the device. We now need to remove it from the list. */
                ma_uint32 jDevice;
                for (jDevice = iDevice; jDevice < g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio-1; jDevice += 1) {
                    g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio[jDevice] = g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio[jDevice+1];
                }
                
                g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio -= 1;
                
                /* If there's nothing else in the list we need to free memory. */
                if (g_TrackedDeviceCount_CoreAudio == 0) {
                    ma__free_from_callbacks(g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                    g_ppTrackedDevices_CoreAudio = NULL;
                    g_TrackedDeviceCap_CoreAudio = 0;
                }
            
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&g_DeviceTrackingMutex_CoreAudio);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

#if defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
@interface ma_router_change_handler:NSObject {
    ma_device* m_pDevice;
}
@end

@implementation ma_router_change_handler
-(id)init:(ma_device*)pDevice
{
    self = [super init];
    m_pDevice = pDevice;

    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self selector:@selector(handle_route_change:) name:AVAudioSessionRouteChangeNotification object:[AVAudioSession sharedInstance]];

    return self;
}

-(void)dealloc
{
    [self remove_handler];
}

-(void)remove_handler
{
    [[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] removeObserver:self name:@"AVAudioSessionRouteChangeNotification" object:nil];
}

-(void)handle_route_change:(NSNotification*)pNotification
{
    AVAudioSession* pSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];

    NSInteger reason = [[[pNotification userInfo] objectForKey:AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonKey] integerValue];
    switch (reason)
    {
        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonOldDeviceUnavailable:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonOldDeviceUnavailable\n");
        #endif
        } break;

        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonNewDeviceAvailable:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonNewDeviceAvailable\n");
        #endif
        } break;

        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonNoSuitableRouteForCategory:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonNoSuitableRouteForCategory\n");
        #endif
        } break;

        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonWakeFromSleep:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonWakeFromSleep\n");
        #endif
        } break;

        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonOverride:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonOverride\n");
        #endif
        } break;

        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonCategoryChange:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonCategoryChange\n");
        #endif
        } break;

        case AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonUnknown:
        default:
        {
        #if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
            printf("[Core Audio] Route Changed: AVAudioSessionRouteChangeReasonUnknown\n");
        #endif
        } break;
    }

    m_pDevice->sampleRate = (ma_uint32)pSession.sampleRate;

    if (m_pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || m_pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        m_pDevice->capture.channels = (ma_uint32)pSession.inputNumberOfChannels;
        ma_device__post_init_setup(m_pDevice, ma_device_type_capture);
    }
    if (m_pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || m_pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        m_pDevice->playback.channels = (ma_uint32)pSession.outputNumberOfChannels;
        ma_device__post_init_setup(m_pDevice, ma_device_type_playback);
    }
}
@end
#endif

static void ma_device_uninit__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED);
    
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    /*
    Make sure we're no longer tracking the device. It doesn't matter if we call this for a non-default device because it'll
    just gracefully ignore it.
    */
    ma_device__untrack__coreaudio(pDevice);
#endif
#if defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    if (pDevice->coreaudio.pRouteChangeHandler != NULL) {
        ma_router_change_handler* pRouteChangeHandler = (__bridge_transfer ma_router_change_handler*)pDevice->coreaudio.pRouteChangeHandler;
        [pRouteChangeHandler remove_handler];
    }
#endif
    
    if (pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture != NULL) {
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
    }
    if (pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback != NULL) {
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
    }
    
    if (pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
    }
}

typedef struct
{
    /* Input. */
    ma_format formatIn;
    ma_uint32 channelsIn;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateIn;
    ma_channel channelMapIn[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesIn;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInMillisecondsIn;
    ma_uint32 periodsIn;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultFormat;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultChannels;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultSampleRate;
    ma_bool32 usingDefaultChannelMap;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;
    ma_bool32 registerStopEvent;

    /* Output. */
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    AudioObjectID deviceObjectID;
#endif
    AudioComponent component;
    AudioUnit audioUnit;
    AudioBufferList* pAudioBufferList;  /* Only used for input devices. */
    ma_format formatOut;
    ma_uint32 channelsOut;
    ma_uint32 sampleRateOut;
    ma_channel channelMapOut[MA_MAX_CHANNELS];
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFramesOut;
    ma_uint32 periodsOut;
    char deviceName[256];
} ma_device_init_internal_data__coreaudio;

static ma_result ma_device_init_internal__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_device_init_internal_data__coreaudio* pData, void* pDevice_DoNotReference)   /* <-- pDevice is typed as void* intentionally so as to avoid accidentally referencing it. */
{
    ma_result result;
    OSStatus status;
    UInt32 enableIOFlag;
    AudioStreamBasicDescription bestFormat;
    ma_uint32 actualPeriodSizeInFrames;
    AURenderCallbackStruct callbackInfo;
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    AudioObjectID deviceObjectID;
#endif

    /* This API should only be used for a single device type: playback or capture. No full-duplex mode. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || deviceType == ma_device_type_capture);

#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    pData->deviceObjectID = 0;
#endif
    pData->component = NULL;
    pData->audioUnit = NULL;
    pData->pAudioBufferList = NULL;
    
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    result = ma_find_AudioObjectID(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, &deviceObjectID);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    pData->deviceObjectID = deviceObjectID;
#endif
    
    /* Core audio doesn't really use the notion of a period so we can leave this unmodified, but not too over the top. */
    pData->periodsOut = pData->periodsIn;
    if (pData->periodsOut == 0) {
        pData->periodsOut = MA_DEFAULT_PERIODS;
    }
    if (pData->periodsOut > 16) {
        pData->periodsOut = 16;
    }
    
    
    /* Audio unit. */
    status = ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceNew_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceNew)((AudioComponent)pContext->coreaudio.component, (AudioUnit*)&pData->audioUnit);
    if (status != noErr) {
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    
    /* The input/output buses need to be explicitly enabled and disabled. We set the flag based on the output unit first, then we just swap it for input. */
    enableIOFlag = 1;
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        enableIOFlag = 0;
    }
    
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioOutputUnitProperty_EnableIO, kAudioUnitScope_Output, MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS, &enableIOFlag, sizeof(enableIOFlag));
    if (status != noErr) {
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    enableIOFlag = (enableIOFlag == 0) ? 1 : 0;
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioOutputUnitProperty_EnableIO, kAudioUnitScope_Input, MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS, &enableIOFlag, sizeof(enableIOFlag));
    if (status != noErr) {
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    
    /* Set the device to use with this audio unit. This is only used on desktop since we are using defaults on mobile. */
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioOutputUnitProperty_CurrentDevice, kAudioUnitScope_Global, (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS : MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS, &deviceObjectID, sizeof(AudioDeviceID));
    if (status != noErr) {
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(result);
    }
#endif
    
    /*
    Format. This is the hardest part of initialization because there's a few variables to take into account.
      1) The format must be supported by the device.
      2) The format must be supported miniaudio.
      3) There's a priority that miniaudio prefers.
    
    Ideally we would like to use a format that's as close to the hardware as possible so we can get as close to a passthrough as possible. The
    most important property is the sample rate. miniaudio can do format conversion for any sample rate and channel count, but cannot do the same
    for the sample data format. If the sample data format is not supported by miniaudio it must be ignored completely.
    
    On mobile platforms this is a bit different. We just force the use of whatever the audio unit's current format is set to.
    */
    {
        AudioUnitScope   formatScope   = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioUnitScope_Input : kAudioUnitScope_Output;
        AudioUnitElement formatElement = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS : MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS;

    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        AudioStreamBasicDescription origFormat;
        UInt32 origFormatSize;

        result = ma_find_best_format__coreaudio(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, pData->formatIn, pData->channelsIn, pData->sampleRateIn, pData->usingDefaultFormat, pData->usingDefaultChannels, pData->usingDefaultSampleRate, &bestFormat);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return result;
        }
        
        /* From what I can see, Apple's documentation implies that we should keep the sample rate consistent. */
        origFormatSize = sizeof(origFormat);
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat, kAudioUnitScope_Output, MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS, &origFormat, &origFormatSize);
        } else {
            status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat, kAudioUnitScope_Input, MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS, &origFormat, &origFormatSize);
        }
        
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return result;
        }
        
        bestFormat.mSampleRate = origFormat.mSampleRate;
        
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat, formatScope, formatElement, &bestFormat, sizeof(bestFormat));
        if (status != noErr) {
            /* We failed to set the format, so fall back to the current format of the audio unit. */
            bestFormat = origFormat;
        }
    #else
        UInt32 propSize = sizeof(bestFormat);
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitGetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat, formatScope, formatElement, &bestFormat, &propSize);
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
        
        /*
        Sample rate is a little different here because for some reason kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat returns 0... Oh well. We need to instead try
        setting the sample rate to what the user has requested and then just see the results of it. Need to use some Objective-C here for this since
        it depends on Apple's AVAudioSession API. To do this we just get the shared AVAudioSession instance and then set it. Note that from what I
        can tell, it looks like the sample rate is shared between playback and capture for everything.
        */
        @autoreleasepool {
            AVAudioSession* pAudioSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];
            MA_ASSERT(pAudioSession != NULL);
            
            [pAudioSession setPreferredSampleRate:(double)pData->sampleRateIn error:nil];
            bestFormat.mSampleRate = pAudioSession.sampleRate;

            /*
            I've had a report that the channel count returned by AudioUnitGetProperty above is inconsistent with
            AVAudioSession outputNumberOfChannels. I'm going to try using the AVAudioSession values instead.
            */
            if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                bestFormat.mChannelsPerFrame = (UInt32)pAudioSession.outputNumberOfChannels;
            }
            if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
                bestFormat.mChannelsPerFrame = (UInt32)pAudioSession.inputNumberOfChannels;
            }
        }
        
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_StreamFormat, formatScope, formatElement, &bestFormat, sizeof(bestFormat));
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    #endif
        
        result = ma_format_from_AudioStreamBasicDescription(&bestFormat, &pData->formatOut);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return result;
        }
        
        if (pData->formatOut == ma_format_unknown) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        }
        
        pData->channelsOut = bestFormat.mChannelsPerFrame;
        pData->sampleRateOut = bestFormat.mSampleRate;
    }
    
    /*
    Internal channel map. This is weird in my testing. If I use the AudioObject to get the
    channel map, the channel descriptions are set to "Unknown" for some reason. To work around
    this it looks like retrieving it from the AudioUnit will work. However, and this is where
    it gets weird, it doesn't seem to work with capture devices, nor at all on iOS... Therefore
    I'm going to fall back to a default assumption in these cases.
    */
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    result = ma_get_AudioUnit_channel_map(pContext, pData->audioUnit, deviceType, pData->channelMapOut);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    #if 0
        /* Try falling back to the channel map from the AudioObject. */
        result = ma_get_AudioObject_channel_map(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, pData->channelMapOut);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    #else
        /* Fall back to default assumptions. */
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pData->channelsOut, pData->channelMapOut);
    #endif
    }
#else
    /* TODO: Figure out how to get the channel map using AVAudioSession. */
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pData->channelsOut, pData->channelMapOut);
#endif
    

    /* Buffer size. Not allowing this to be configurable on iOS. */
    actualPeriodSizeInFrames = pData->periodSizeInFramesIn;
    
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    if (actualPeriodSizeInFrames == 0) {
        actualPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pData->periodSizeInMillisecondsIn, pData->sampleRateOut);
    }
    
    result = ma_set_AudioObject_buffer_size_in_frames(pContext, deviceObjectID, deviceType, &actualPeriodSizeInFrames);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    pData->periodSizeInFramesOut = actualPeriodSizeInFrames;
#else
    actualPeriodSizeInFrames = 2048;
    pData->periodSizeInFramesOut = actualPeriodSizeInFrames;
#endif


    /*
    During testing I discovered that the buffer size can be too big. You'll get an error like this:
    
      kAudioUnitErr_TooManyFramesToProcess : inFramesToProcess=4096, mMaxFramesPerSlice=512
    
    Note how inFramesToProcess is smaller than mMaxFramesPerSlice. To fix, we need to set kAudioUnitProperty_MaximumFramesPerSlice to that
    of the size of our buffer, or do it the other way around and set our buffer size to the kAudioUnitProperty_MaximumFramesPerSlice.
    */
    {
        /*AudioUnitScope propScope = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? kAudioUnitScope_Input : kAudioUnitScope_Output;
        AudioUnitElement propBus = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS : MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS;
    
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_MaximumFramesPerSlice, propScope, propBus, &actualBufferSizeInFrames, sizeof(actualBufferSizeInFrames));
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }*/
        
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_MaximumFramesPerSlice, kAudioUnitScope_Global, 0, &actualPeriodSizeInFrames, sizeof(actualPeriodSizeInFrames));
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    /* We need a buffer list if this is an input device. We render into this in the input callback. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        ma_bool32 isInterleaved = (bestFormat.mFormatFlags & kAudioFormatFlagIsNonInterleaved) == 0;
        size_t allocationSize;
        AudioBufferList* pBufferList;

        allocationSize = sizeof(AudioBufferList) - sizeof(AudioBuffer);  /* Subtract sizeof(AudioBuffer) because that part is dynamically sized. */
        if (isInterleaved) {
            /* Interleaved case. This is the simple case because we just have one buffer. */
            allocationSize += sizeof(AudioBuffer) * 1;
            allocationSize += actualPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pData->formatOut, pData->channelsOut);
        } else {
            /* Non-interleaved case. This is the more complex case because there's more than one buffer. */
            allocationSize += sizeof(AudioBuffer) * pData->channelsOut;
            allocationSize += actualPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pData->formatOut) * pData->channelsOut;
        }
        
        pBufferList = (AudioBufferList*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(allocationSize, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pBufferList == NULL) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
        
        if (isInterleaved) {
            pBufferList->mNumberBuffers = 1;
            pBufferList->mBuffers[0].mNumberChannels = pData->channelsOut;
            pBufferList->mBuffers[0].mDataByteSize   = actualPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pData->formatOut, pData->channelsOut);
            pBufferList->mBuffers[0].mData           = (ma_uint8*)pBufferList + sizeof(AudioBufferList);
        } else {
            ma_uint32 iBuffer;
            pBufferList->mNumberBuffers = pData->channelsOut;
            for (iBuffer = 0; iBuffer < pBufferList->mNumberBuffers; ++iBuffer) {
                pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mNumberChannels = 1;
                pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mDataByteSize   = actualPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pData->formatOut);
                pBufferList->mBuffers[iBuffer].mData           = (ma_uint8*)pBufferList + ((sizeof(AudioBufferList) - sizeof(AudioBuffer)) + (sizeof(AudioBuffer) * pData->channelsOut)) + (actualPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pData->formatOut) * iBuffer);
            }
        }
        
        pData->pAudioBufferList = pBufferList;
    }
    
    /* Callbacks. */
    callbackInfo.inputProcRefCon = pDevice_DoNotReference;
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        callbackInfo.inputProc = ma_on_output__coreaudio;
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioUnitProperty_SetRenderCallback, kAudioUnitScope_Global, MA_COREAUDIO_OUTPUT_BUS, &callbackInfo, sizeof(callbackInfo));
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    } else {
        callbackInfo.inputProc = ma_on_input__coreaudio;
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitSetProperty_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioOutputUnitProperty_SetInputCallback, kAudioUnitScope_Global, MA_COREAUDIO_INPUT_BUS, &callbackInfo, sizeof(callbackInfo));
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    /* We need to listen for stop events. */
    if (pData->registerStopEvent) {
        status = ((ma_AudioUnitAddPropertyListener_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitAddPropertyListener)(pData->audioUnit, kAudioOutputUnitProperty_IsRunning, on_start_stop__coreaudio, pDevice_DoNotReference);
        if (status != noErr) {
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    /* Initialize the audio unit. */
    status = ((ma_AudioUnitInitialize_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitInitialize)(pData->audioUnit);
    if (status != noErr) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pData->pAudioBufferList, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        pData->pAudioBufferList = NULL;
        ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)(pData->audioUnit);
        return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
    }
    
    /* Grab the name. */
#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    ma_get_AudioObject_name(pContext, deviceObjectID, sizeof(pData->deviceName), pData->deviceName);
#else
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strcpy_s(pData->deviceName, sizeof(pData->deviceName), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME);
    } else {
        ma_strcpy_s(pData->deviceName, sizeof(pData->deviceName), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME);
    }
#endif
    
    return result;
}

#if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
static ma_result ma_device_reinit_internal__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_bool32 disposePreviousAudioUnit)
{
    ma_device_init_internal_data__coreaudio data;
    ma_result result;

    /* This should only be called for playback or capture, not duplex. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        data.formatIn               = pDevice->capture.format;
        data.channelsIn             = pDevice->capture.channels;
        data.sampleRateIn           = pDevice->sampleRate;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pDevice->capture.channelMap, sizeof(pDevice->capture.channelMap));
        data.usingDefaultFormat     = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels   = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultSampleRate = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannelMap;
        data.shareMode              = pDevice->capture.shareMode;
        data.registerStopEvent      = MA_TRUE;
        
        if (disposePreviousAudioUnit) {
            ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
        }
        if (pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        }
    } else if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        data.formatIn               = pDevice->playback.format;
        data.channelsIn             = pDevice->playback.channels;
        data.sampleRateIn           = pDevice->sampleRate;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pDevice->playback.channelMap, sizeof(pDevice->playback.channelMap));
        data.usingDefaultFormat     = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels   = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultSampleRate = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannelMap;
        data.shareMode              = pDevice->playback.shareMode;
        data.registerStopEvent      = (pDevice->type != ma_device_type_duplex);
        
        if (disposePreviousAudioUnit) {
            ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
            ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
        }
    }
    data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pDevice->coreaudio.originalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    data.periodSizeInMillisecondsIn = pDevice->coreaudio.originalPeriodSizeInMilliseconds;
    data.periodsIn                  = pDevice->coreaudio.originalPeriods;

    /* Need at least 3 periods for duplex. */
    if (data.periodsIn < 3 && pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        data.periodsIn = 3;
    }

    result = ma_device_init_internal__coreaudio(pDevice->pContext, deviceType, NULL, &data, (void*)pDevice);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }
    
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        pDevice->coreaudio.deviceObjectIDCapture     = (ma_uint32)data.deviceObjectID;
    #endif
        pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture          = (ma_ptr)data.audioUnit;
        pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList          = (ma_ptr)data.pAudioBufferList;
        
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat              = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels            = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate          = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames  = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods             = data.periodsOut;
    } else if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        pDevice->coreaudio.deviceObjectIDPlayback    = (ma_uint32)data.deviceObjectID;
    #endif
        pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback         = (ma_ptr)data.audioUnit;
        
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif /* MA_APPLE_DESKTOP */

static ma_result ma_device_init__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* No exclusive mode with the Core Audio backend for now. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    
    /* Capture needs to be initialized first. */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_init_internal_data__coreaudio data;
        data.formatIn                   = pConfig->capture.format;
        data.channelsIn                 = pConfig->capture.channels;
        data.sampleRateIn               = pConfig->sampleRate;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pConfig->capture.channelMap, sizeof(pConfig->capture.channelMap));
        data.usingDefaultFormat         = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels       = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultSampleRate     = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap     = pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannelMap;
        data.shareMode                  = pConfig->capture.shareMode;
        data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        data.periodSizeInMillisecondsIn = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
        data.periodsIn                  = pConfig->periods;
        data.registerStopEvent          = MA_TRUE;

        /* Need at least 3 periods for duplex. */
        if (data.periodsIn < 3 && pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
            data.periodsIn = 3;
        }
        
        result = ma_device_init_internal__coreaudio(pDevice->pContext, ma_device_type_capture, pConfig->capture.pDeviceID, &data, (void*)pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
        
        pDevice->coreaudio.isDefaultCaptureDevice   = (pConfig->capture.pDeviceID == NULL);
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        pDevice->coreaudio.deviceObjectIDCapture    = (ma_uint32)data.deviceObjectID;
    #endif
        pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture         = (ma_ptr)data.audioUnit;
        pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList         = (ma_ptr)data.pAudioBufferList;
        
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
        
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        /*
        If we are using the default device we'll need to listen for changes to the system's default device so we can seemlessly
        switch the device in the background.
        */
        if (pConfig->capture.pDeviceID == NULL) {
            ma_device__track__coreaudio(pDevice);
        }
    #endif
    }
    
    /* Playback. */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_init_internal_data__coreaudio data;
        data.formatIn                   = pConfig->playback.format;
        data.channelsIn                 = pConfig->playback.channels;
        data.sampleRateIn               = pConfig->sampleRate;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(data.channelMapIn, pConfig->playback.channelMap, sizeof(pConfig->playback.channelMap));
        data.usingDefaultFormat         = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat;
        data.usingDefaultChannels       = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels;
        data.usingDefaultSampleRate     = pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate;
        data.usingDefaultChannelMap     = pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannelMap;
        data.shareMode                  = pConfig->playback.shareMode;
        
        /* In full-duplex mode we want the playback buffer to be the same size as the capture buffer. */
        if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
            data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
            data.periodsIn                  = pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
            data.registerStopEvent          = MA_FALSE;
        } else {
            data.periodSizeInFramesIn       = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
            data.periodSizeInMillisecondsIn = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
            data.periodsIn                  = pConfig->periods;
            data.registerStopEvent          = MA_TRUE;
        }
        
        result = ma_device_init_internal__coreaudio(pDevice->pContext, ma_device_type_playback, pConfig->playback.pDeviceID, &data, (void*)pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ((ma_AudioComponentInstanceDispose_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
                if (pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList) {
                    ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->coreaudio.pAudioBufferList, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
                }
            }
            return result;
        }
        
        pDevice->coreaudio.isDefaultPlaybackDevice   = (pConfig->playback.pDeviceID == NULL);
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        pDevice->coreaudio.deviceObjectIDPlayback    = (ma_uint32)data.deviceObjectID;
    #endif
        pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback         = (ma_ptr)data.audioUnit;
        
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = data.formatOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = data.channelsOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = data.sampleRateOut;
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, data.channelMapOut, sizeof(data.channelMapOut));
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = data.periodSizeInFramesOut;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = data.periodsOut;
        
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        /*
        If we are using the default device we'll need to listen for changes to the system's default device so we can seemlessly
        switch the device in the background.
        */
        if (pConfig->playback.pDeviceID == NULL && (pConfig->deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex || pConfig->capture.pDeviceID != NULL)) {
            ma_device__track__coreaudio(pDevice);
        }
    #endif
    }
    
    pDevice->coreaudio.originalPeriodSizeInFrames       = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
    pDevice->coreaudio.originalPeriodSizeInMilliseconds = pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds;
    pDevice->coreaudio.originalPeriods                  = pConfig->periods;
    
    /*
    When stopping the device, a callback is called on another thread. We need to wait for this callback
    before returning from ma_device_stop(). This event is used for this.
    */
    ma_event_init(&pDevice->coreaudio.stopEvent);

    /* Need a ring buffer for duplex mode. */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 rbSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * pDevice->capture.internalPeriods);
        ma_result result = ma_pcm_rb_init(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels, rbSizeInFrames, NULL, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks, &pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[Core Audio] Failed to initialize ring buffer.", result);
        }

        /* We need a period to act as a buffer for cases where the playback and capture device's end up desyncing. */
        {
            ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames = rbSizeInFrames / pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
            void* pBufferData;
            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(&pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB, &bufferSizeInFrames, &pBufferData);
            {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pBufferData, bufferSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels));
            }
            ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(&pDevice->coreaudio.duplexRB, bufferSizeInFrames, pBufferData);
        }
    }

    /*
    We need to detect when a route has changed so we can update the data conversion pipeline accordingly. This is done
    differently on non-Desktop Apple platforms.
    */
#if defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    pDevice->coreaudio.pRouteChangeHandler = (__bridge_retained void*)[[ma_router_change_handler alloc] init:pDevice];
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_device_start__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        OSStatus status = ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStart_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStart)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
        if (status != noErr) {
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        OSStatus status = ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStart_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStart)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
        if (status != noErr) {
            if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
            }
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__coreaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /* It's not clear from the documentation whether or not AudioOutputUnitStop() actually drains the device or not. */

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        OSStatus status = ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitCapture);
        if (status != noErr) {
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        OSStatus status = ((ma_AudioOutputUnitStop_proc)pDevice->pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop)((AudioUnit)pDevice->coreaudio.audioUnitPlayback);
        if (status != noErr) {
            return ma_result_from_OSStatus(status);
        }
    }
    
    /* We need to wait for the callback to finish before returning. */
    ma_event_wait(&pDevice->coreaudio.stopEvent);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_context_uninit__coreaudio(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_coreaudio);
    
#if !defined(MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING) && !defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit);
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio);
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation);
#endif

#if !defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    ma_context__uninit_device_tracking__coreaudio(pContext);
#endif

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

#if defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
static AVAudioSessionCategory ma_to_AVAudioSessionCategory(ma_ios_session_category category)
{
    /* The "default" and "none" categories are treated different and should not be used as an input into this function. */
    MA_ASSERT(category != ma_ios_session_category_default);
    MA_ASSERT(category != ma_ios_session_category_none);

    switch (category) {
        case ma_ios_session_category_ambient:         return AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient;
        case ma_ios_session_category_solo_ambient:    return AVAudioSessionCategorySoloAmbient;
        case ma_ios_session_category_playback:        return AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback;
        case ma_ios_session_category_record:          return AVAudioSessionCategoryRecord;
        case ma_ios_session_category_play_and_record: return AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord;
        case ma_ios_session_category_multi_route:     return AVAudioSessionCategoryMultiRoute;
        case ma_ios_session_category_none:            return AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient;
        case ma_ios_session_category_default:         return AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient;
        default:                                      return AVAudioSessionCategoryAmbient;
    }
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_context_init__coreaudio(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

#if defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    @autoreleasepool {
        AVAudioSession* pAudioSession = [AVAudioSession sharedInstance];
        AVAudioSessionCategoryOptions options = pConfig->coreaudio.sessionCategoryOptions;

        MA_ASSERT(pAudioSession != NULL);

        if (pConfig->coreaudio.sessionCategory == ma_ios_session_category_default) {
            /*
            I'm going to use trial and error to determine our default session category. First we'll try PlayAndRecord. If that fails
            we'll try Playback and if that fails we'll try record. If all of these fail we'll just not set the category.
            */
        #if !defined(MA_APPLE_TV) && !defined(MA_APPLE_WATCH)
            options |= AVAudioSessionCategoryOptionDefaultToSpeaker;
        #endif

            if ([pAudioSession setCategory: AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayAndRecord withOptions:options error:nil]) {
                /* Using PlayAndRecord */
            } else if ([pAudioSession setCategory: AVAudioSessionCategoryPlayback withOptions:options error:nil]) {
                /* Using Playback */
            } else if ([pAudioSession setCategory: AVAudioSessionCategoryRecord withOptions:options error:nil]) {
                /* Using Record */
            } else {
                /* Leave as default? */
            }
        } else {
            if (pConfig->coreaudio.sessionCategory != ma_ios_session_category_none) {
                if (![pAudioSession setCategory: ma_to_AVAudioSessionCategory(pConfig->coreaudio.sessionCategory) withOptions:options error:nil]) {
                    return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Failed to set session category. */
                }
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    
#if !defined(MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING) && !defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation = ma_dlopen(pContext, "CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation");
    if (pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation == NULL) {
        return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;
    }
    
    pContext->coreaudio.CFStringGetCString = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation, "CFStringGetCString");
    pContext->coreaudio.CFRelease          = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation, "CFRelease");
    
    
    pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio = ma_dlopen(pContext, "CoreAudio.framework/CoreAudio");
    if (pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio == NULL) {
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation);
        return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;
    }
    
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData        = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio, "AudioObjectGetPropertyData");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize    = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio, "AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectSetPropertyData        = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio, "AudioObjectSetPropertyData");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectAddPropertyListener    = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio, "AudioObjectAddPropertyListener");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio, "AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener");

    /*
    It looks like Apple has moved some APIs from AudioUnit into AudioToolbox on more recent versions of macOS. They are still
    defined in AudioUnit, but just in case they decide to remove them from there entirely I'm going to implement a fallback.
    The way it'll work is that it'll first try AudioUnit, and if the required symbols are not present there we'll fall back to
    AudioToolbox.
    */
    pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit = ma_dlopen(pContext, "AudioUnit.framework/AudioUnit");
    if (pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit == NULL) {
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio);
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation);
        return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;
    }
    
    if (ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioComponentFindNext") == NULL) {
        /* Couldn't find the required symbols in AudioUnit, so fall back to AudioToolbox. */
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit);
        pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit = ma_dlopen(pContext, "AudioToolbox.framework/AudioToolbox");
        if (pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit == NULL) {
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio);
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation);
            return MA_API_NOT_FOUND;
        }
    }
    
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentFindNext            = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioComponentFindNext");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose     = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioComponentInstanceDispose");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceNew         = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioComponentInstanceNew");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStart              = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioOutputUnitStart");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop               = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioOutputUnitStop");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitAddPropertyListener      = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioUnitAddPropertyListener");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo          = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty              = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioUnitGetProperty");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty              = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioUnitSetProperty");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitInitialize               = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioUnitInitialize");
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitRender                   = ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit, "AudioUnitRender");
#else
    pContext->coreaudio.CFStringGetCString                = (ma_proc)CFStringGetCString;
    pContext->coreaudio.CFRelease                         = (ma_proc)CFRelease;
    
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyData        = (ma_proc)AudioObjectGetPropertyData;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize    = (ma_proc)AudioObjectGetPropertyDataSize;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectSetPropertyData        = (ma_proc)AudioObjectSetPropertyData;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectAddPropertyListener    = (ma_proc)AudioObjectAddPropertyListener;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener = (ma_proc)AudioObjectRemovePropertyListener;
    #endif
    
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentFindNext            = (ma_proc)AudioComponentFindNext;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceDispose     = (ma_proc)AudioComponentInstanceDispose;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentInstanceNew         = (ma_proc)AudioComponentInstanceNew;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStart              = (ma_proc)AudioOutputUnitStart;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioOutputUnitStop               = (ma_proc)AudioOutputUnitStop;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitAddPropertyListener      = (ma_proc)AudioUnitAddPropertyListener;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo          = (ma_proc)AudioUnitGetPropertyInfo;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitGetProperty              = (ma_proc)AudioUnitGetProperty;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitSetProperty              = (ma_proc)AudioUnitSetProperty;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitInitialize               = (ma_proc)AudioUnitInitialize;
    pContext->coreaudio.AudioUnitRender                   = (ma_proc)AudioUnitRender;
#endif

    pContext->isBackendAsynchronous = MA_TRUE;
    
    pContext->onUninit        = ma_context_uninit__coreaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__coreaudio;
    pContext->onEnumDevices   = ma_context_enumerate_devices__coreaudio;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo = ma_context_get_device_info__coreaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceInit    = ma_device_init__coreaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit  = ma_device_uninit__coreaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceStart   = ma_device_start__coreaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceStop    = ma_device_stop__coreaudio;
    
    /* Audio component. */
    {
        AudioComponentDescription desc;
        desc.componentType         = kAudioUnitType_Output;
    #if defined(MA_APPLE_DESKTOP)
        desc.componentSubType      = kAudioUnitSubType_HALOutput;
    #else
        desc.componentSubType      = kAudioUnitSubType_RemoteIO;
    #endif
        desc.componentManufacturer = kAudioUnitManufacturer_Apple;
        desc.componentFlags        = 0;
        desc.componentFlagsMask    = 0;
    
        pContext->coreaudio.component = ((ma_AudioComponentFindNext_proc)pContext->coreaudio.AudioComponentFindNext)(NULL, &desc);
        if (pContext->coreaudio.component == NULL) {
        #if !defined(MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING) && !defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit);
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio);
            ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation);
        #endif
            return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
        }
    }
    
#if !defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
    result = ma_context__init_device_tracking__coreaudio(pContext);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
    #if !defined(MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING) && !defined(MA_APPLE_MOBILE)
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hAudioUnit);
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreAudio);
        ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->coreaudio.hCoreFoundation);
    #endif
        return result;
    }
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* Core Audio */



/******************************************************************************

sndio Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_SNDIO
#include <fcntl.h>

/*
Only supporting OpenBSD. This did not work very well at all on FreeBSD when I tried it. Not sure if this is due
to miniaudio's implementation or if it's some kind of system configuration issue, but basically the default device
just doesn't emit any sound, or at times you'll hear tiny pieces. I will consider enabling this when there's
demand for it or if I can get it tested and debugged more thoroughly.
*/
#if 0
#if defined(__NetBSD__) || defined(__OpenBSD__)
#include <sys/audioio.h>
#endif
#if defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(__DragonFly__)
#include <sys/soundcard.h>
#endif
#endif

#define MA_SIO_DEVANY   "default"
#define MA_SIO_PLAY     1
#define MA_SIO_REC      2
#define MA_SIO_NENC     8
#define MA_SIO_NCHAN    8
#define MA_SIO_NRATE    16
#define MA_SIO_NCONF    4

struct ma_sio_hdl; /* <-- Opaque */

struct ma_sio_par
{
    unsigned int bits;
    unsigned int bps;
    unsigned int sig;
    unsigned int le;
    unsigned int msb;
    unsigned int rchan;
    unsigned int pchan;
    unsigned int rate;
    unsigned int bufsz;
    unsigned int xrun;
    unsigned int round;
    unsigned int appbufsz;
    int __pad[3];
    unsigned int __magic;
};

struct ma_sio_enc
{
    unsigned int bits;
    unsigned int bps;
    unsigned int sig;
    unsigned int le;
    unsigned int msb;
};

struct ma_sio_conf
{
    unsigned int enc;
    unsigned int rchan;
    unsigned int pchan;
    unsigned int rate;
};

struct ma_sio_cap
{
    struct ma_sio_enc enc[MA_SIO_NENC];
    unsigned int rchan[MA_SIO_NCHAN];
    unsigned int pchan[MA_SIO_NCHAN];
    unsigned int rate[MA_SIO_NRATE];
    int __pad[7];
    unsigned int nconf;
    struct ma_sio_conf confs[MA_SIO_NCONF];
};

typedef struct ma_sio_hdl* (* ma_sio_open_proc)   (const char*, unsigned int, int);
typedef void               (* ma_sio_close_proc)  (struct ma_sio_hdl*);
typedef int                (* ma_sio_setpar_proc) (struct ma_sio_hdl*, struct ma_sio_par*);
typedef int                (* ma_sio_getpar_proc) (struct ma_sio_hdl*, struct ma_sio_par*);
typedef int                (* ma_sio_getcap_proc) (struct ma_sio_hdl*, struct ma_sio_cap*);
typedef size_t             (* ma_sio_write_proc)  (struct ma_sio_hdl*, const void*, size_t);
typedef size_t             (* ma_sio_read_proc)   (struct ma_sio_hdl*, void*, size_t);
typedef int                (* ma_sio_start_proc)  (struct ma_sio_hdl*);
typedef int                (* ma_sio_stop_proc)   (struct ma_sio_hdl*);
typedef int                (* ma_sio_initpar_proc)(struct ma_sio_par*);

static ma_uint32 ma_get_standard_sample_rate_priority_index__sndio(ma_uint32 sampleRate)   /* Lower = higher priority */
{
    ma_uint32 i;
    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities); ++i) {
        if (g_maStandardSampleRatePriorities[i] == sampleRate) {
            return i;
        }
    }

    return (ma_uint32)-1;
}

static ma_format ma_format_from_sio_enc__sndio(unsigned int bits, unsigned int bps, unsigned int sig, unsigned int le, unsigned int msb)
{
    /* We only support native-endian right now. */
    if ((ma_is_little_endian() && le == 0) || (ma_is_big_endian() && le == 1)) {
        return ma_format_unknown;
    }
    
    if (bits ==  8 && bps == 1 && sig == 0) {
        return ma_format_u8;
    }
    if (bits == 16 && bps == 2 && sig == 1) {
        return ma_format_s16;
    }
    if (bits == 24 && bps == 3 && sig == 1) {
        return ma_format_s24;
    }
    if (bits == 24 && bps == 4 && sig == 1 && msb == 0) {
        /*return ma_format_s24_32;*/
    }
    if (bits == 32 && bps == 4 && sig == 1) {
        return ma_format_s32;
    }
    
    return ma_format_unknown;
}

static ma_format ma_find_best_format_from_sio_cap__sndio(struct ma_sio_cap* caps)
{
    ma_format bestFormat;
    unsigned int iConfig;

    MA_ASSERT(caps != NULL);
    
    bestFormat = ma_format_unknown;
    for (iConfig = 0; iConfig < caps->nconf; iConfig += 1) {
        unsigned int iEncoding;
        for (iEncoding = 0; iEncoding < MA_SIO_NENC; iEncoding += 1) {
            unsigned int bits;
            unsigned int bps;
            unsigned int sig;
            unsigned int le;
            unsigned int msb;
            ma_format format;

            if ((caps->confs[iConfig].enc & (1UL << iEncoding)) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            
            bits = caps->enc[iEncoding].bits;
            bps  = caps->enc[iEncoding].bps;
            sig  = caps->enc[iEncoding].sig;
            le   = caps->enc[iEncoding].le;
            msb  = caps->enc[iEncoding].msb;
            format = ma_format_from_sio_enc__sndio(bits, bps, sig, le, msb);
            if (format == ma_format_unknown) {
                continue;   /* Format not supported. */
            }
            
            if (bestFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
                bestFormat = format;
            } else {
                if (ma_get_format_priority_index(bestFormat) > ma_get_format_priority_index(format)) {    /* <-- Lower = better. */
                    bestFormat = format;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    return bestFormat;
}

static ma_uint32 ma_find_best_channels_from_sio_cap__sndio(struct ma_sio_cap* caps, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_format requiredFormat)
{
    ma_uint32 maxChannels;
    unsigned int iConfig;

    MA_ASSERT(caps != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(requiredFormat != ma_format_unknown);
    
    /* Just pick whatever configuration has the most channels. */
    maxChannels = 0;
    for (iConfig = 0; iConfig < caps->nconf; iConfig += 1) {
        /* The encoding should be of requiredFormat. */
        unsigned int iEncoding;
        for (iEncoding = 0; iEncoding < MA_SIO_NENC; iEncoding += 1) {
            unsigned int iChannel;
            unsigned int bits;
            unsigned int bps;
            unsigned int sig;
            unsigned int le;
            unsigned int msb;
            ma_format format;

            if ((caps->confs[iConfig].enc & (1UL << iEncoding)) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            
            bits = caps->enc[iEncoding].bits;
            bps  = caps->enc[iEncoding].bps;
            sig  = caps->enc[iEncoding].sig;
            le   = caps->enc[iEncoding].le;
            msb  = caps->enc[iEncoding].msb;
            format = ma_format_from_sio_enc__sndio(bits, bps, sig, le, msb);
            if (format != requiredFormat) {
                continue;
            }
            
            /* Getting here means the format is supported. Iterate over each channel count and grab the biggest one. */
            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < MA_SIO_NCHAN; iChannel += 1) {
                unsigned int chan = 0;
                unsigned int channels;

                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    chan = caps->confs[iConfig].pchan;
                } else {
                    chan = caps->confs[iConfig].rchan;
                }
            
                if ((chan & (1UL << iChannel)) == 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                
                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    channels = caps->pchan[iChannel];
                } else {
                    channels = caps->rchan[iChannel];
                }
                
                if (maxChannels < channels) {
                    maxChannels = channels;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    return maxChannels;
}

static ma_uint32 ma_find_best_sample_rate_from_sio_cap__sndio(struct ma_sio_cap* caps, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_format requiredFormat, ma_uint32 requiredChannels)
{
    ma_uint32 firstSampleRate;
    ma_uint32 bestSampleRate;
    unsigned int iConfig;

    MA_ASSERT(caps != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(requiredFormat != ma_format_unknown);
    MA_ASSERT(requiredChannels > 0);
    MA_ASSERT(requiredChannels <= MA_MAX_CHANNELS);
    
    firstSampleRate = 0; /* <-- If the device does not support a standard rate we'll fall back to the first one that's found. */
    bestSampleRate  = 0;

    for (iConfig = 0; iConfig < caps->nconf; iConfig += 1) {
        /* The encoding should be of requiredFormat. */
        unsigned int iEncoding;
        for (iEncoding = 0; iEncoding < MA_SIO_NENC; iEncoding += 1) {
            unsigned int iChannel;
            unsigned int bits;
            unsigned int bps;
            unsigned int sig;
            unsigned int le;
            unsigned int msb;
            ma_format format;

            if ((caps->confs[iConfig].enc & (1UL << iEncoding)) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            
            bits = caps->enc[iEncoding].bits;
            bps  = caps->enc[iEncoding].bps;
            sig  = caps->enc[iEncoding].sig;
            le   = caps->enc[iEncoding].le;
            msb  = caps->enc[iEncoding].msb;
            format = ma_format_from_sio_enc__sndio(bits, bps, sig, le, msb);
            if (format != requiredFormat) {
                continue;
            }
            
            /* Getting here means the format is supported. Iterate over each channel count and grab the biggest one. */
            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < MA_SIO_NCHAN; iChannel += 1) {
                unsigned int chan = 0;
                unsigned int channels;
                unsigned int iRate;

                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    chan = caps->confs[iConfig].pchan;
                } else {
                    chan = caps->confs[iConfig].rchan;
                }
            
                if ((chan & (1UL << iChannel)) == 0) {
                    continue;
                }
                
                if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                    channels = caps->pchan[iChannel];
                } else {
                    channels = caps->rchan[iChannel];
                }
                
                if (channels != requiredChannels) {
                    continue;
                }
                
                /* Getting here means we have found a compatible encoding/channel pair. */
                for (iRate = 0; iRate < MA_SIO_NRATE; iRate += 1) {
                    ma_uint32 rate = (ma_uint32)caps->rate[iRate];
                    ma_uint32 ratePriority;
                
                    if (firstSampleRate == 0) {
                        firstSampleRate = rate;
                    }
                    
                    /* Disregard this rate if it's not a standard one. */
                    ratePriority = ma_get_standard_sample_rate_priority_index__sndio(rate);
                    if (ratePriority == (ma_uint32)-1) {
                        continue;
                    }
                    
                    if (ma_get_standard_sample_rate_priority_index__sndio(bestSampleRate) > ratePriority) {   /* Lower = better. */
                        bestSampleRate = rate;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    /* If a standard sample rate was not found just fall back to the first one that was iterated. */
    if (bestSampleRate == 0) {
        bestSampleRate = firstSampleRate;
    }
    
    return bestSampleRate;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__sndio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return ma_strcmp(pID0->sndio, pID1->sndio) == 0;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__sndio(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32 isTerminating = MA_FALSE;
    struct ma_sio_hdl* handle;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);
    
    /* sndio doesn't seem to have a good device enumeration API, so I'm therefore only enumerating over default devices for now. */
    
    /* Playback. */
    if (!isTerminating) {
        handle = ((ma_sio_open_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_open)(MA_SIO_DEVANY, MA_SIO_PLAY, 0);
        if (handle != NULL) {
            /* Supports playback. */
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            ma_strcpy_s(deviceInfo.id.sndio, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.sndio), MA_SIO_DEVANY);
            ma_strcpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME);
            
            isTerminating = !callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
            
            ((ma_sio_close_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_close)(handle);
        }
    }
    
    /* Capture. */
    if (!isTerminating) {
        handle = ((ma_sio_open_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_open)(MA_SIO_DEVANY, MA_SIO_REC, 0);
        if (handle != NULL) {
            /* Supports capture. */
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            ma_strcpy_s(deviceInfo.id.sndio, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.sndio), "default");
            ma_strcpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME);

            isTerminating = !callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
            
            ((ma_sio_close_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_close)(handle);
        }
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__sndio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    char devid[256];
    struct ma_sio_hdl* handle;
    struct ma_sio_cap caps;
    unsigned int iConfig;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    (void)shareMode;
    
    /* We need to open the device before we can get information about it. */
    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        ma_strcpy_s(devid, sizeof(devid), MA_SIO_DEVANY);
        ma_strcpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME : MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME);
    } else {
        ma_strcpy_s(devid, sizeof(devid), pDeviceID->sndio);
        ma_strcpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), devid);
    }
    
    handle = ((ma_sio_open_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_open)(devid, (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_SIO_PLAY : MA_SIO_REC, 0);
    if (handle == NULL) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }
    
    if (((ma_sio_getcap_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_getcap)(handle, &caps) == 0) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
    
    for (iConfig = 0; iConfig < caps.nconf; iConfig += 1) {
        /*
        The main thing we care about is that the encoding is supported by miniaudio. If it is, we want to give
        preference to some formats over others.
        */
        unsigned int iEncoding;
        unsigned int iChannel;
        unsigned int iRate;

        for (iEncoding = 0; iEncoding < MA_SIO_NENC; iEncoding += 1) {
            unsigned int bits;
            unsigned int bps;
            unsigned int sig;
            unsigned int le;
            unsigned int msb;
            ma_format format;
            ma_bool32 formatExists = MA_FALSE;
            ma_uint32 iExistingFormat;

            if ((caps.confs[iConfig].enc & (1UL << iEncoding)) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            
            bits = caps.enc[iEncoding].bits;
            bps  = caps.enc[iEncoding].bps;
            sig  = caps.enc[iEncoding].sig;
            le   = caps.enc[iEncoding].le;
            msb  = caps.enc[iEncoding].msb;
            format = ma_format_from_sio_enc__sndio(bits, bps, sig, le, msb);
            if (format == ma_format_unknown) {
                continue;   /* Format not supported. */
            }
            
            /* Add this format if it doesn't already exist. */
            for (iExistingFormat = 0; iExistingFormat < pDeviceInfo->formatCount; iExistingFormat += 1) {
                if (pDeviceInfo->formats[iExistingFormat] == format) {
                    formatExists = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
            
            if (!formatExists) {
                pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = format;
            }
        }
        
        /* Channels. */
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < MA_SIO_NCHAN; iChannel += 1) {
            unsigned int chan = 0;
            unsigned int channels;

            if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                chan = caps.confs[iConfig].pchan;
            } else {
                chan = caps.confs[iConfig].rchan;
            }
        
            if ((chan & (1UL << iChannel)) == 0) {
                continue;
            }
            
            if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                channels = caps.pchan[iChannel];
            } else {
                channels = caps.rchan[iChannel];
            }
            
            if (pDeviceInfo->minChannels > channels) {
                pDeviceInfo->minChannels = channels;
            }
            if (pDeviceInfo->maxChannels < channels) {
                pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = channels;
            }
        }
        
        /* Sample rates. */
        for (iRate = 0; iRate < MA_SIO_NRATE; iRate += 1) {
            if ((caps.confs[iConfig].rate & (1UL << iRate)) != 0) {
                unsigned int rate = caps.rate[iRate];
                if (pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate > rate) {
                    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = rate;
                }
                if (pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate < rate) {
                    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = rate;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    ((ma_sio_close_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_close)(handle);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_device_uninit__sndio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_sio_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_close)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handleCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_sio_close_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_close)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handlePlayback);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_device_init_handle__sndio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    const char* pDeviceName;
    ma_ptr handle;
    int openFlags = 0;
    struct ma_sio_cap caps;
    struct ma_sio_par par;
    ma_device_id* pDeviceID;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_uint32 sampleRate;
    ma_format internalFormat;
    ma_uint32 internalChannels;
    ma_uint32 internalSampleRate;
    ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    ma_uint32 internalPeriods;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig    != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice    != NULL);

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        openFlags  = MA_SIO_REC;
        pDeviceID  = pConfig->capture.pDeviceID;
        format     = pConfig->capture.format;
        channels   = pConfig->capture.channels;
        sampleRate = pConfig->sampleRate;
    } else {
        openFlags = MA_SIO_PLAY;
        pDeviceID  = pConfig->playback.pDeviceID;
        format     = pConfig->playback.format;
        channels   = pConfig->playback.channels;
        sampleRate = pConfig->sampleRate;
    }

    pDeviceName = MA_SIO_DEVANY;
    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        pDeviceName = pDeviceID->sndio;
    }

    handle = (ma_ptr)((ma_sio_open_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_open)(pDeviceName, openFlags, 0);
    if (handle == NULL) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[sndio] Failed to open device.", MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE);
    }

    /* We need to retrieve the device caps to determine the most appropriate format to use. */
    if (((ma_sio_getcap_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_getcap)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)handle, &caps) == 0) {
        ((ma_sio_close_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_close)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)handle);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[sndio] Failed to retrieve device caps.", MA_ERROR);
    }

    /*
    Note: sndio reports a huge range of available channels. This is inconvenient for us because there's no real
    way, as far as I can tell, to get the _actual_ channel count of the device. I'm therefore restricting this
    to the requested channels, regardless of whether or not the default channel count is requested.
    
    For hardware devices, I'm suspecting only a single channel count will be reported and we can safely use the
    value returned by ma_find_best_channels_from_sio_cap__sndio().
    */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        if (pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat) {
            format = ma_find_best_format_from_sio_cap__sndio(&caps);
        }
        if (pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels) {
            if (strlen(pDeviceName) > strlen("rsnd/") && strncmp(pDeviceName, "rsnd/", strlen("rsnd/")) == 0) {
                channels = ma_find_best_channels_from_sio_cap__sndio(&caps, deviceType, format);
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat) {
            format = ma_find_best_format_from_sio_cap__sndio(&caps);
        }
        if (pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels) {
            if (strlen(pDeviceName) > strlen("rsnd/") && strncmp(pDeviceName, "rsnd/", strlen("rsnd/")) == 0) {
                channels = ma_find_best_channels_from_sio_cap__sndio(&caps, deviceType, format);
            }
        }
    }
    
    if (pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate) {
        sampleRate = ma_find_best_sample_rate_from_sio_cap__sndio(&caps, pConfig->deviceType, format, channels);
    }


    ((ma_sio_initpar_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_initpar)(&par);
    par.msb = 0;
    par.le  = ma_is_little_endian();
    
    switch (format) {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            par.bits = 8;
            par.bps  = 1;
            par.sig  = 0;
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            par.bits = 24;
            par.bps  = 3;
            par.sig  = 1;
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            par.bits = 32;
            par.bps  = 4;
            par.sig  = 1;
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_s16:
        case ma_format_f32:
        default:
        {
            par.bits = 16;
            par.bps  = 2;
            par.sig  = 1;
        } break;
    }
    
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        par.rchan = channels;
    } else {
        par.pchan = channels;
    }

    par.rate = sampleRate;

    internalPeriodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
    if (internalPeriodSizeInFrames == 0) {
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, par.rate);
    }

    par.round    = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    par.appbufsz = par.round * pConfig->periods;
    
    if (((ma_sio_setpar_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_setpar)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)handle, &par) == 0) {
        ((ma_sio_close_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_close)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)handle);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[sndio] Failed to set buffer size.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }
    if (((ma_sio_getpar_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_getpar)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)handle, &par) == 0) {
        ((ma_sio_close_proc)pContext->sndio.sio_close)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)handle);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[sndio] Failed to retrieve buffer size.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    internalFormat             = ma_format_from_sio_enc__sndio(par.bits, par.bps, par.sig, par.le, par.msb);
    internalChannels           = (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? par.rchan : par.pchan;
    internalSampleRate         = par.rate;
    internalPeriods            = par.appbufsz / par.round;
    internalPeriodSizeInFrames = par.round;

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDevice->sndio.handleCapture                 = handle;
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat              = internalFormat;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels            = internalChannels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate          = internalSampleRate;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_sndio, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames  = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods             = internalPeriods;
    } else {
        pDevice->sndio.handlePlayback                = handle;
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = internalFormat;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = internalChannels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = internalSampleRate;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_sndio, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = internalPeriods;
    }

#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
    printf("DEVICE INFO\n");
    printf("    Format:      %s\n", ma_get_format_name(internalFormat));
    printf("    Channels:    %d\n", internalChannels);
    printf("    Sample Rate: %d\n", internalSampleRate);
    printf("    Period Size: %d\n", internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
    printf("    Periods:     %d\n", internalPeriods);
    printf("    appbufsz:    %d\n", par.appbufsz);
    printf("    round:       %d\n", par.round);
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__sndio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->sndio);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_handle__sndio(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_handle__sndio(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__sndio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /*
    From the documentation:

        The sio_stop() function puts the audio subsystem in the same state as before sio_start() is called. It stops recording, drains the play buffer and then
        stops playback. If samples to play are queued but playback hasn't started yet then playback is forced immediately; playback will actually stop once the
        buffer is drained. In no case are samples in the play buffer discarded.

    Therefore, sio_stop() performs all of the necessary draining for us.
    */

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_sio_stop_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_stop)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handleCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_sio_stop_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_stop)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handlePlayback);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__sndio(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    int result;

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    result = ((ma_sio_write_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_write)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handlePlayback, pPCMFrames, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[sndio] Failed to send data from the client to the device.", MA_IO_ERROR);
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = frameCount;
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__sndio(ma_device* pDevice, void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    int result;

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    result = ((ma_sio_read_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_read)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handleCapture, pPCMFrames, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[sndio] Failed to read data from the device to be sent to the device.", MA_IO_ERROR);
    }

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = frameCount;
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__sndio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;

    /* Devices need to be started here. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_sio_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_start)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handleCapture);
    }
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ((ma_sio_start_proc)pDevice->pContext->sndio.sio_start)((struct ma_sio_hdl*)pDevice->sndio.handlePlayback);   /* <-- Doesn't actually playback until data is written. */
    }

    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                        capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__sndio(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                        ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                        ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));

                        /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                        which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                        */
                        if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                        /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                            ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            result = ma_device_write__sndio(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL);   /* Safe cast. */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }

                            capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__sndio()... */
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                /* We read in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[8192];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__sndio(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                    framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                /* We write in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[8192];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                    result = ma_device_write__sndio(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        }
    }


    /* Here is where the device is stopped. */
    ma_device_stop__sndio(pDevice);

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__sndio(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_sndio);

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__sndio(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
#ifndef MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING
    const char* libsndioNames[] = {
        "libsndio.so"
    };
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(libsndioNames); ++i) {
        pContext->sndio.sndioSO = ma_dlopen(pContext, libsndioNames[i]);
        if (pContext->sndio.sndioSO != NULL) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pContext->sndio.sndioSO == NULL) {
        return MA_NO_BACKEND;
    }
    
    pContext->sndio.sio_open    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_open");
    pContext->sndio.sio_close   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_close");
    pContext->sndio.sio_setpar  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_setpar");
    pContext->sndio.sio_getpar  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_getpar");
    pContext->sndio.sio_getcap  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_getcap");
    pContext->sndio.sio_write   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_write");
    pContext->sndio.sio_read    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_read");
    pContext->sndio.sio_start   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_start");
    pContext->sndio.sio_stop    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_stop");
    pContext->sndio.sio_initpar = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->sndio.sndioSO, "sio_initpar");
#else
    pContext->sndio.sio_open    = sio_open;
    pContext->sndio.sio_close   = sio_close;
    pContext->sndio.sio_setpar  = sio_setpar;
    pContext->sndio.sio_getpar  = sio_getpar;
    pContext->sndio.sio_getcap  = sio_getcap;
    pContext->sndio.sio_write   = sio_write;
    pContext->sndio.sio_read    = sio_read;
    pContext->sndio.sio_start   = sio_start;
    pContext->sndio.sio_stop    = sio_stop;
    pContext->sndio.sio_initpar = sio_initpar;
#endif

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__sndio;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__sndio;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__sndio;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__sndio;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__sndio;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__sndio;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__sndio;

    (void)pConfig;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* sndio */



/******************************************************************************

audio(4) Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_AUDIO4
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <poll.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/audioio.h>

#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
    #include <sys/param.h>
    #if defined(OpenBSD) && OpenBSD >= 201709
        #define MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API
    #endif
#endif

static void ma_construct_device_id__audio4(char* id, size_t idSize, const char* base, int deviceIndex)
{
    size_t baseLen;

    MA_ASSERT(id != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(idSize > 0);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceIndex >= 0);
    
    baseLen = strlen(base);
    MA_ASSERT(idSize > baseLen);
    
    ma_strcpy_s(id, idSize, base);
    ma_itoa_s(deviceIndex, id+baseLen, idSize-baseLen, 10);
}

static ma_result ma_extract_device_index_from_id__audio4(const char* id, const char* base, int* pIndexOut)
{
    size_t idLen;
    size_t baseLen;
    const char* deviceIndexStr;

    MA_ASSERT(id != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(base != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pIndexOut != NULL);
    
    idLen = strlen(id);
    baseLen = strlen(base);
    if (idLen <= baseLen) {
        return MA_ERROR;   /* Doesn't look like the id starts with the base. */
    }
    
    if (strncmp(id, base, baseLen) != 0) {
        return MA_ERROR;   /* ID does not begin with base. */
    }
    
    deviceIndexStr = id + baseLen;
    if (deviceIndexStr[0] == '\0') {
        return MA_ERROR;   /* No index specified in the ID. */
    }
    
    if (pIndexOut) {
        *pIndexOut = atoi(deviceIndexStr);
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__audio4(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return ma_strcmp(pID0->audio4, pID1->audio4) == 0;
}

#if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)    /* Old API */
static ma_format ma_format_from_encoding__audio4(unsigned int encoding, unsigned int precision)
{
    if (precision == 8 && (encoding == AUDIO_ENCODING_ULINEAR || encoding == AUDIO_ENCODING_ULINEAR || encoding == AUDIO_ENCODING_ULINEAR_LE || encoding == AUDIO_ENCODING_ULINEAR_BE)) {
        return ma_format_u8;
    } else {
        if (ma_is_little_endian() && encoding == AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_LE) {
            if (precision == 16) {
                return ma_format_s16;
            } else if (precision == 24) {
                return ma_format_s24;
            } else if (precision == 32) {
                return ma_format_s32;
            }
        } else if (ma_is_big_endian() && encoding == AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_BE) {
            if (precision == 16) {
                return ma_format_s16;
            } else if (precision == 24) {
                return ma_format_s24;
            } else if (precision == 32) {
                return ma_format_s32;
            }
        }
    }

    return ma_format_unknown;  /* Encoding not supported. */
}

static void ma_encoding_from_format__audio4(ma_format format, unsigned int* pEncoding, unsigned int* pPrecision)
{
    MA_ASSERT(format     != ma_format_unknown);
    MA_ASSERT(pEncoding  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pPrecision != NULL);

    switch (format)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            *pEncoding = AUDIO_ENCODING_ULINEAR;
            *pPrecision = 8;
        } break;

        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            *pEncoding = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_LE : AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_BE;
            *pPrecision = 24;
        } break;

        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            *pEncoding = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_LE : AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_BE;
            *pPrecision = 32;
        } break;

        case ma_format_s16:
        case ma_format_f32:
        default:
        {
            *pEncoding = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_LE : AUDIO_ENCODING_SLINEAR_BE;
            *pPrecision = 16;
        } break;
    }
}

static ma_format ma_format_from_prinfo__audio4(struct audio_prinfo* prinfo)
{
    return ma_format_from_encoding__audio4(prinfo->encoding, prinfo->precision);
}
#else
static ma_format ma_format_from_swpar__audio4(struct audio_swpar* par)
{
    if (par->bits == 8 && par->bps == 1 && par->sig == 0) {
        return ma_format_u8;
    }
    if (par->bits == 16 && par->bps == 2 && par->sig == 1 && par->le == ma_is_little_endian()) {
        return ma_format_s16;
    }
    if (par->bits == 24 && par->bps == 3 && par->sig == 1 && par->le == ma_is_little_endian()) {
        return ma_format_s24;
    }
    if (par->bits == 32 && par->bps == 4 && par->sig == 1 && par->le == ma_is_little_endian()) {
        return ma_format_f32;
    }

    /* Format not supported. */
    return ma_format_unknown;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info_from_fd__audio4(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, int fd, ma_device_info* pInfoOut)
{
    audio_device_t fdDevice;
#if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)
    int counter = 0;
    audio_info_t fdInfo;
#else
    struct audio_swpar fdPar;
    ma_format format;
#endif

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(fd >= 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pInfoOut != NULL);
    
    (void)pContext;
    (void)deviceType;

    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETDEV, &fdDevice) < 0) {
        return MA_ERROR;   /* Failed to retrieve device info. */
    }

    /* Name. */
    ma_strcpy_s(pInfoOut->name, sizeof(pInfoOut->name), fdDevice.name);

#if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)
    /* Supported formats. We get this by looking at the encodings. */
    for (;;) {
        audio_encoding_t encoding;
        ma_format format;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&encoding);
        encoding.index = counter;
        if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETENC, &encoding) < 0) {
            break;
        }

        format = ma_format_from_encoding__audio4(encoding.encoding, encoding.precision);
        if (format != ma_format_unknown) {
            pInfoOut->formats[pInfoOut->formatCount++] = format;
        }

        counter += 1;
    }

    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETINFO, &fdInfo) < 0) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        pInfoOut->minChannels = fdInfo.play.channels; 
        pInfoOut->maxChannels = fdInfo.play.channels;
        pInfoOut->minSampleRate = fdInfo.play.sample_rate;
        pInfoOut->maxSampleRate = fdInfo.play.sample_rate;
    } else {
        pInfoOut->minChannels = fdInfo.record.channels;
        pInfoOut->maxChannels = fdInfo.record.channels;
        pInfoOut->minSampleRate = fdInfo.record.sample_rate;
        pInfoOut->maxSampleRate = fdInfo.record.sample_rate;
    }
#else
    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETPAR, &fdPar) < 0) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
    
    format = ma_format_from_swpar__audio4(&fdPar);
    if (format == ma_format_unknown) {
        return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    pInfoOut->formats[pInfoOut->formatCount++] = format;
    
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        pInfoOut->minChannels = fdPar.pchan;
        pInfoOut->maxChannels = fdPar.pchan;
    } else {
        pInfoOut->minChannels = fdPar.rchan;
        pInfoOut->maxChannels = fdPar.rchan;
    }
    
    pInfoOut->minSampleRate = fdPar.rate;
    pInfoOut->maxSampleRate = fdPar.rate;
#endif
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__audio4(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    const int maxDevices = 64;
    char devpath[256];
    int iDevice;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);
    
    /*
    Every device will be named "/dev/audioN", with a "/dev/audioctlN" equivalent. We use the "/dev/audioctlN"
    version here since we can open it even when another process has control of the "/dev/audioN" device.
    */
    for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < maxDevices; ++iDevice) {
        struct stat st;
        int fd;
        ma_bool32 isTerminating = MA_FALSE;

        ma_strcpy_s(devpath, sizeof(devpath), "/dev/audioctl");
        ma_itoa_s(iDevice, devpath+strlen(devpath), sizeof(devpath)-strlen(devpath), 10);
    
        if (stat(devpath, &st) < 0) {
            break;
        }

        /* The device exists, but we need to check if it's usable as playback and/or capture. */
        
        /* Playback. */
        if (!isTerminating) {
            fd = open(devpath, O_RDONLY, 0);
            if (fd >= 0) {
                /* Supports playback. */
                ma_device_info deviceInfo;
                MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
                ma_construct_device_id__audio4(deviceInfo.id.audio4, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.audio4), "/dev/audio", iDevice);
                if (ma_context_get_device_info_from_fd__audio4(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, fd, &deviceInfo) == MA_SUCCESS) {
                    isTerminating = !callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                }
                
                close(fd);
            }
        }
        
        /* Capture. */
        if (!isTerminating) {
            fd = open(devpath, O_WRONLY, 0);
            if (fd >= 0) {
                /* Supports capture. */
                ma_device_info deviceInfo;
                MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
                ma_construct_device_id__audio4(deviceInfo.id.audio4, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.audio4), "/dev/audio", iDevice);
                if (ma_context_get_device_info_from_fd__audio4(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, fd, &deviceInfo) == MA_SUCCESS) {
                    isTerminating = !callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                }
                
                close(fd);
            }
        }
        
        if (isTerminating) {
            break;
        }
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__audio4(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    int fd = -1;
    int deviceIndex = -1;
    char ctlid[256];
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    (void)shareMode;
    
    /*
    We need to open the "/dev/audioctlN" device to get the info. To do this we need to extract the number
    from the device ID which will be in "/dev/audioN" format.
    */
    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        /* Default device. */
        ma_strcpy_s(ctlid, sizeof(ctlid), "/dev/audioctl");
    } else {
        /* Specific device. We need to convert from "/dev/audioN" to "/dev/audioctlN". */
        result = ma_extract_device_index_from_id__audio4(pDeviceID->audio4, "/dev/audio", &deviceIndex);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
        
        ma_construct_device_id__audio4(ctlid, sizeof(ctlid), "/dev/audioctl", deviceIndex);
    }
    
    fd = open(ctlid, (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? O_WRONLY : O_RDONLY, 0);
    if (fd == -1) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }
    
    if (deviceIndex == -1) {
        ma_strcpy_s(pDeviceInfo->id.audio4, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->id.audio4), "/dev/audio");
    } else {
        ma_construct_device_id__audio4(pDeviceInfo->id.audio4, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->id.audio4), "/dev/audio", deviceIndex);
    }
    
    result = ma_context_get_device_info_from_fd__audio4(pContext, deviceType, fd, pDeviceInfo);
    
    close(fd);
    return result;
}

static void ma_device_uninit__audio4(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        close(pDevice->audio4.fdCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        close(pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_device_init_fd__audio4(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    const char* pDefaultDeviceNames[] = {
        "/dev/audio",
        "/dev/audio0"
    };
    int fd;
    int fdFlags = 0;
#if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)    /* Old API */
    audio_info_t fdInfo;
#else
    struct audio_swpar fdPar;
#endif
    ma_format internalFormat;
    ma_uint32 internalChannels;
    ma_uint32 internalSampleRate;
    ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
    ma_uint32 internalPeriods;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig    != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice    != NULL);

    (void)pContext;

    /* The first thing to do is open the file. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        fdFlags = O_RDONLY;
    } else {
        fdFlags = O_WRONLY;
    }
    /*fdFlags |= O_NONBLOCK;*/

    if ((deviceType == ma_device_type_capture && pConfig->capture.pDeviceID == NULL) || (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback && pConfig->playback.pDeviceID == NULL)) {
        /* Default device. */
        size_t iDevice;
        for (iDevice = 0; iDevice < ma_countof(pDefaultDeviceNames); ++iDevice) {
            fd = open(pDefaultDeviceNames[iDevice], fdFlags, 0);
            if (fd != -1) {
                break;
            }
        }
    } else {
        /* Specific device. */
        fd = open((deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pConfig->capture.pDeviceID->audio4 : pConfig->playback.pDeviceID->audio4, fdFlags, 0);
    }

    if (fd == -1) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to open device.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }

#if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)    /* Old API */
    AUDIO_INITINFO(&fdInfo);

    /* We get the driver to do as much of the data conversion as possible. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        fdInfo.mode = AUMODE_RECORD;
        ma_encoding_from_format__audio4(pConfig->capture.format, &fdInfo.record.encoding, &fdInfo.record.precision);
        fdInfo.record.channels    = pConfig->capture.channels;
        fdInfo.record.sample_rate = pConfig->sampleRate;
    } else {
        fdInfo.mode = AUMODE_PLAY;
        ma_encoding_from_format__audio4(pConfig->playback.format, &fdInfo.play.encoding, &fdInfo.play.precision);
        fdInfo.play.channels    = pConfig->playback.channels;
        fdInfo.play.sample_rate = pConfig->sampleRate;
    }

    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_SETINFO, &fdInfo) < 0) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to set device format. AUDIO_SETINFO failed.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }
    
    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETINFO, &fdInfo) < 0) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] AUDIO_GETINFO failed.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        internalFormat     = ma_format_from_prinfo__audio4(&fdInfo.record);
        internalChannels   = fdInfo.record.channels;
        internalSampleRate = fdInfo.record.sample_rate;
    } else {
        internalFormat     = ma_format_from_prinfo__audio4(&fdInfo.play);
        internalChannels   = fdInfo.play.channels;
        internalSampleRate = fdInfo.play.sample_rate;
    }

    if (internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] The device's internal device format is not supported by miniaudio. The device is unusable.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    /* Buffer. */
    {
        ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInBytes;

        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        if (internalPeriodSizeInFrames == 0) {
            internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, internalSampleRate);
        }

        internalPeriodSizeInBytes = internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(internalFormat, internalChannels);
        if (internalPeriodSizeInBytes < 16) {
            internalPeriodSizeInBytes = 16;
        }

        internalPeriods = pConfig->periods;
        if (internalPeriods < 2) {
            internalPeriods = 2;
        }

        /* What miniaudio calls a period, audio4 calls a block. */
        AUDIO_INITINFO(&fdInfo);
        fdInfo.hiwat     = internalPeriods;
        fdInfo.lowat     = internalPeriods-1;
        fdInfo.blocksize = internalPeriodSizeInBytes;
        if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_SETINFO, &fdInfo) < 0) {
            close(fd);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to set internal buffer size. AUDIO_SETINFO failed.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }

        internalPeriods            = fdInfo.hiwat;
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = fdInfo.blocksize / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(internalFormat, internalChannels);
    }
#else
    /* We need to retrieve the format of the device so we can know the channel count and sample rate. Then we can calculate the buffer size. */
    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETPAR, &fdPar) < 0) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to retrieve initial device parameters.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    internalFormat     = ma_format_from_swpar__audio4(&fdPar);
    internalChannels   = (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? fdPar.rchan : fdPar.pchan;
    internalSampleRate = fdPar.rate;

    if (internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] The device's internal device format is not supported by miniaudio. The device is unusable.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    /* Buffer. */
    {
        ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInBytes;

        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        if (internalPeriodSizeInFrames == 0) {
            internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, internalSampleRate);
        }

        /* What miniaudio calls a period, audio4 calls a block. */
        internalPeriodSizeInBytes = internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(internalFormat, internalChannels);
        if (internalPeriodSizeInBytes < 16) {
            internalPeriodSizeInBytes = 16;
        }
    
        fdPar.nblks = pConfig->periods;
        fdPar.round = internalPeriodSizeInBytes;
    
        if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_SETPAR, &fdPar) < 0) {
            close(fd);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to set device parameters.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }

        if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_GETPAR, &fdPar) < 0) {
            close(fd);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to retrieve actual device parameters.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }
    }

    internalFormat             = ma_format_from_swpar__audio4(&fdPar);
    internalChannels           = (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? fdPar.rchan : fdPar.pchan;
    internalSampleRate         = fdPar.rate;
    internalPeriods            = fdPar.nblks;
    internalPeriodSizeInFrames = fdPar.round / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(internalFormat, internalChannels);
#endif

    if (internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] The device's internal device format is not supported by miniaudio. The device is unusable.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDevice->audio4.fdCapture                    = fd;
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat              = internalFormat;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels            = internalChannels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate          = internalSampleRate;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_sound4, internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames  = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods             = internalPeriods;
    } else {
        pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback                   = fd;
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = internalFormat;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = internalChannels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = internalSampleRate;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_sound4, internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = internalPeriods;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__audio4(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->audio4);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
    
    pDevice->audio4.fdCapture  = -1;
    pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback = -1;

    /*
    The version of the operating system dictates whether or not the device is exclusive or shared. NetBSD
    introduced in-kernel mixing which means it's shared. All other BSD flavours are exclusive as far as
    I'm aware.
    */
#if defined(__NetBSD_Version__) && __NetBSD_Version__ >= 800000000
    /* NetBSD 8.0+ */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }
#else
    /* All other flavors. */
#endif

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_fd__audio4(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_fd__audio4(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                close(pDevice->audio4.fdCapture);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

#if 0
static ma_result ma_device_start__audio4(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->audio4.fdCapture == -1) {
            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback == -1) {
            return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_device_stop_fd__audio4(ma_device* pDevice, int fd)
{
    if (fd == -1) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)
    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_FLUSH, 0) < 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to stop device. AUDIO_FLUSH failed.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }
#else
    if (ioctl(fd, AUDIO_STOP, 0) < 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to stop device. AUDIO_STOP failed.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__audio4(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result;

        result = ma_device_stop_fd__audio4(pDevice, pDevice->audio4.fdCapture);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result;

        /* Drain the device first. If this fails we'll just need to flush without draining. Unfortunately draining isn't available on newer version of OpenBSD. */
    #if !defined(MA_AUDIO4_USE_NEW_API)
        ioctl(pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback, AUDIO_DRAIN, 0);
    #endif

        /* Here is where the device is stopped immediately. */
        result = ma_device_stop_fd__audio4(pDevice, pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__audio4(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    int result;

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    result = write(pDevice->audio4.fdPlayback, pPCMFrames, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));
    if (result < 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to write data to the device.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = (ma_uint32)result / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__audio4(ma_device* pDevice, void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    int result;

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    result = read(pDevice->audio4.fdCapture, pPCMFrames, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
    if (result < 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[audio4] Failed to read data from the device.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = (ma_uint32)result / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__audio4(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;

    /* No need to explicitly start the device like the other backends. */

    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                        capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__audio4(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                        ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                        ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));

                        /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                        which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                        */
                        if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                        /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                            ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            result = ma_device_write__audio4(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL);  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }

                            capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__audio4()... */
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                /* We read in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[8192];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__audio4(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                    framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                /* We write in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[8192];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                    result = ma_device_write__audio4(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        }
    }


    /* Here is where the device is stopped. */
    ma_device_stop__audio4(pDevice);

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__audio4(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_audio4);

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__audio4(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__audio4;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__audio4;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__audio4;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__audio4;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__audio4;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__audio4;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__audio4;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* audio4 */


/******************************************************************************

OSS Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_OSS
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/soundcard.h>

#ifndef SNDCTL_DSP_HALT
#define SNDCTL_DSP_HALT SNDCTL_DSP_RESET
#endif

static int ma_open_temp_device__oss()
{
    /* The OSS sample code uses "/dev/mixer" as the device for getting system properties so I'm going to do the same. */
    int fd = open("/dev/mixer", O_RDONLY, 0);
    if (fd >= 0) {
        return fd;
    }

    return -1;
}

static ma_result ma_context_open_device__oss(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, int* pfd)
{
    const char* deviceName;
    int flags;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pfd != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    *pfd = -1;

    /* This function should only be called for playback or capture, not duplex. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    deviceName = "/dev/dsp";
    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        deviceName = pDeviceID->oss;
    }

    flags = (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? O_WRONLY : O_RDONLY;
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        flags |= O_EXCL;
    }

    *pfd = open(deviceName, flags, 0);
    if (*pfd == -1) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(errno);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__oss(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return ma_strcmp(pID0->oss, pID1->oss) == 0;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__oss(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    int fd;
    oss_sysinfo si;
    int result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    fd = ma_open_temp_device__oss();
    if (fd == -1) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to open a temporary device for retrieving system information used for device enumeration.", MA_NO_BACKEND);
    }

    result = ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &si);
    if (result != -1) {
        int iAudioDevice;
        for (iAudioDevice = 0; iAudioDevice < si.numaudios; ++iAudioDevice) {
            oss_audioinfo ai;
            ai.dev = iAudioDevice;
            result = ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_AUDIOINFO, &ai);
            if (result != -1) {
                if (ai.devnode[0] != '\0') {    /* <-- Can be blank, according to documentation. */
                    ma_device_info deviceInfo;
                    ma_bool32 isTerminating = MA_FALSE;

                    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);

                    /* ID */
                    ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.id.oss, sizeof(deviceInfo.id.oss), ai.devnode, (size_t)-1);

                    /*
                    The human readable device name should be in the "ai.handle" variable, but it can
                    sometimes be empty in which case we just fall back to "ai.name" which is less user
                    friendly, but usually has a value.
                    */
                    if (ai.handle[0] != '\0') {
                        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), ai.handle, (size_t)-1);
                    } else {
                        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), ai.name, (size_t)-1);
                    }

                    /* The device can be both playback and capture. */
                    if (!isTerminating && (ai.caps & PCM_CAP_OUTPUT) != 0) {
                        isTerminating = !callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                    }
                    if (!isTerminating && (ai.caps & PCM_CAP_INPUT) != 0) {
                        isTerminating = !callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                    }

                    if (isTerminating) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        close(fd);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to retrieve system information for device enumeration.", MA_NO_BACKEND);
    }

    close(fd);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__oss(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_bool32 foundDevice;
    int fdTemp;
    oss_sysinfo si;
    int result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    (void)shareMode;

    /* Handle the default device a little differently. */
    if (pDeviceID == NULL) {
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        } else {
            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        }

        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }


    /* If we get here it means we are _not_ using the default device. */
    foundDevice = MA_FALSE;

    fdTemp = ma_open_temp_device__oss();
    if (fdTemp == -1) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to open a temporary device for retrieving system information used for device enumeration.", MA_NO_BACKEND);
    }

    result = ioctl(fdTemp, SNDCTL_SYSINFO, &si);
    if (result != -1) {
        int iAudioDevice;
        for (iAudioDevice = 0; iAudioDevice < si.numaudios; ++iAudioDevice) {
            oss_audioinfo ai;
            ai.dev = iAudioDevice;
            result = ioctl(fdTemp, SNDCTL_AUDIOINFO, &ai);
            if (result != -1) {
                if (ma_strcmp(ai.devnode, pDeviceID->oss) == 0) {
                    /* It has the same name, so now just confirm the type. */
                    if ((deviceType == ma_device_type_playback && ((ai.caps & PCM_CAP_OUTPUT) != 0)) ||
                        (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  && ((ai.caps & PCM_CAP_INPUT)  != 0))) {
                        unsigned int formatMask;

                        /* ID */
                        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->id.oss, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->id.oss), ai.devnode, (size_t)-1);

                        /*
                        The human readable device name should be in the "ai.handle" variable, but it can
                        sometimes be empty in which case we just fall back to "ai.name" which is less user
                        friendly, but usually has a value.
                        */
                        if (ai.handle[0] != '\0') {
                            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), ai.handle, (size_t)-1);
                        } else {
                            ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), ai.name, (size_t)-1);
                        }

                        pDeviceInfo->minChannels = ai.min_channels;
                        pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = ai.max_channels;
                        pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = ai.min_rate;
                        pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = ai.max_rate;
                        pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 0;

                        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
                            formatMask = ai.oformats;
                        } else {
                            formatMask = ai.iformats;
                        }

                        if ((formatMask & AFMT_U8) != 0) {
                            pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_u8;
                        }
                        if (((formatMask & AFMT_S16_LE) != 0 && ma_is_little_endian()) || (AFMT_S16_BE && ma_is_big_endian())) {
                            pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_s16;
                        }
                        if (((formatMask & AFMT_S32_LE) != 0 && ma_is_little_endian()) || (AFMT_S32_BE && ma_is_big_endian())) {
                            pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount++] = ma_format_s32;
                        }

                        foundDevice = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        close(fdTemp);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to retrieve system information for device enumeration.", MA_NO_BACKEND);
    }


    close(fdTemp);

    if (!foundDevice) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_device_uninit__oss(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        close(pDevice->oss.fdCapture);
    }
    
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        close(pDevice->oss.fdPlayback);
    }
}

static int ma_format_to_oss(ma_format format)
{
    int ossFormat = AFMT_U8;
    switch (format) {
        case ma_format_s16: ossFormat = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AFMT_S16_LE : AFMT_S16_BE; break;
        case ma_format_s24: ossFormat = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AFMT_S32_LE : AFMT_S32_BE; break;
        case ma_format_s32: ossFormat = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AFMT_S32_LE : AFMT_S32_BE; break;
        case ma_format_f32: ossFormat = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? AFMT_S16_LE : AFMT_S16_BE; break;
        case ma_format_u8:
        default: ossFormat = AFMT_U8; break;
    }

    return ossFormat;
}

static ma_format ma_format_from_oss(int ossFormat)
{
    if (ossFormat == AFMT_U8) {
        return ma_format_u8;
    } else {
        if (ma_is_little_endian()) {
            switch (ossFormat) {
                case AFMT_S16_LE: return ma_format_s16;
                case AFMT_S32_LE: return ma_format_s32;
                default: return ma_format_unknown;
            }
        } else {
            switch (ossFormat) {
                case AFMT_S16_BE: return ma_format_s16;
                case AFMT_S32_BE: return ma_format_s32;
                default: return ma_format_unknown;
            }
        }
    }

    return ma_format_unknown;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init_fd__oss(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    int ossResult;
    int fd;
    const ma_device_id* pDeviceID = NULL;
    ma_share_mode shareMode;
    int ossFormat;
    int ossChannels;
    int ossSampleRate;
    int ossFragment;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    (void)pContext;

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDeviceID     = pConfig->capture.pDeviceID;
        shareMode     = pConfig->capture.shareMode;
        ossFormat     = ma_format_to_oss(pConfig->capture.format);
        ossChannels   = (int)pConfig->capture.channels;
        ossSampleRate = (int)pConfig->sampleRate;
    } else {
        pDeviceID     = pConfig->playback.pDeviceID;
        shareMode     = pConfig->playback.shareMode;
        ossFormat     = ma_format_to_oss(pConfig->playback.format);
        ossChannels   = (int)pConfig->playback.channels;
        ossSampleRate = (int)pConfig->sampleRate;
    }

    result = ma_context_open_device__oss(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, shareMode, &fd);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to open device.", result);
    }

    /*
    The OSS documantation is very clear about the order we should be initializing the device's properties:
      1) Format
      2) Channels
      3) Sample rate.
    */

    /* Format. */
    ossResult = ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFMT, &ossFormat);
    if (ossResult == -1) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to set format.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    /* Channels. */
    ossResult = ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_CHANNELS, &ossChannels);
    if (ossResult == -1) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to set channel count.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    /* Sample Rate. */
    ossResult = ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SPEED, &ossSampleRate);
    if (ossResult == -1) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to set sample rate.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
    }

    /*
    Buffer.

    The documentation says that the fragment settings should be set as soon as possible, but I'm not sure if
    it should be done before or after format/channels/rate.
    
    OSS wants the fragment size in bytes and a power of 2. When setting, we specify the power, not the actual
    value.
    */
    {
        ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;
        ma_uint32 periodSizeInBytes;
        ma_uint32 ossFragmentSizePower;
        
        periodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        if (periodSizeInFrames == 0) {
            periodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, (ma_uint32)ossSampleRate);
        }

        periodSizeInBytes = ma_round_to_power_of_2(periodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(ma_format_from_oss(ossFormat), ossChannels));
        if (periodSizeInBytes < 16) {
            periodSizeInBytes = 16;
        }

        ossFragmentSizePower = 4;
        periodSizeInBytes >>= 4;
        while (periodSizeInBytes >>= 1) {
            ossFragmentSizePower += 1;
        }

        ossFragment = (int)((pConfig->periods << 16) | ossFragmentSizePower);
        ossResult = ioctl(fd, SNDCTL_DSP_SETFRAGMENT, &ossFragment);
        if (ossResult == -1) {
            close(fd);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to set fragment size and period count.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }
    }

    /* Internal settings. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDevice->oss.fdCapture                       = fd;
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat              = ma_format_from_oss(ossFormat);
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels            = ossChannels;
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate          = ossSampleRate;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_sound4, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods             = (ma_uint32)(ossFragment >> 16);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames  = (ma_uint32)(1 << (ossFragment & 0xFFFF)) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);

        if (pDevice->capture.internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] The device's internal format is not supported by miniaudio.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }
    } else {
        pDevice->oss.fdPlayback                      = fd;
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = ma_format_from_oss(ossFormat);
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = ossChannels;
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = ossSampleRate;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_sound4, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = (ma_uint32)(ossFragment >> 16);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)(1 << (ossFragment & 0xFFFF)) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);

        if (pDevice->playback.internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] The device's internal format is not supported by miniaudio.", MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__oss(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice  != NULL);

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->oss);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_fd__oss(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to open device.", result);
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_init_fd__oss(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to open device.", result);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__oss(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /*
    We want to use SNDCTL_DSP_HALT. From the documentation:
    
      In multithreaded applications SNDCTL_DSP_HALT (SNDCTL_DSP_RESET) must only be called by the thread
      that actually reads/writes the audio device. It must not be called by some master thread to kill the
      audio thread. The audio thread will not stop or get any kind of notification that the device was
      stopped by the master thread. The device gets stopped but the next read or write call will silently
      restart the device.
    
    This is actually safe in our case, because this function is only ever called from within our worker
    thread anyway. Just keep this in mind, though...
    */

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        int result = ioctl(pDevice->oss.fdCapture, SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0);
        if (result == -1) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to stop device. SNDCTL_DSP_HALT failed.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        int result = ioctl(pDevice->oss.fdPlayback, SNDCTL_DSP_HALT, 0);
        if (result == -1) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to stop device. SNDCTL_DSP_HALT failed.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_write__oss(ma_device* pDevice, const void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesWritten)
{
    int resultOSS;

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = 0;
    }

    resultOSS = write(pDevice->oss.fdPlayback, pPCMFrames, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));
    if (resultOSS < 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to send data from the client to the device.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }

    if (pFramesWritten != NULL) {
        *pFramesWritten = (ma_uint32)resultOSS / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_read__oss(ma_device* pDevice, void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32* pFramesRead)
{
    int resultOSS;

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = 0;
    }

    resultOSS = read(pDevice->oss.fdCapture, pPCMFrames, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));
    if (resultOSS < 0) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to read data from the device to be sent to the client.", ma_result_from_errno(errno));
    }
    
    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = (ma_uint32)resultOSS / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_main_loop__oss(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_bool32 exitLoop = MA_FALSE;

    /* No need to explicitly start the device like the other backends. */

    while (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED && !exitLoop) {
        switch (pDevice->type)
        {
            case ma_device_type_duplex:
            {
                /* The process is: device_read -> convert -> callback -> convert -> device_write */
                ma_uint32 totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;
                ma_uint32 capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames = ma_min(pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
                    
                while (totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed < capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint8  capturedDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint8  playbackDeviceData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat,  pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackDeviceData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    ma_uint32 capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDevicePeriodSizeInFrames - totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                    if (capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing > capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames) {
                        capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing = capturedDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__oss(pDevice, capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesToTryProcessing, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcess);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    capturedDeviceFramesRemaining = capturedDeviceFramesToProcess;
                    capturedDeviceFramesProcessed = 0;

                    for (;;) {
                        ma_uint8  capturedClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint8  playbackClientData[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                        ma_uint32 capturedClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(capturedClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels);
                        ma_uint32 playbackClientDataCapInFrames = sizeof(playbackClientData) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.format, pDevice->playback.channels);
                        ma_uint64 capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration = ma_min(capturedClientDataCapInFrames, playbackClientDataCapInFrames);
                        ma_uint64 capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration = capturedDeviceFramesRemaining;
                        ma_uint8* pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames = ma_offset_ptr(capturedDeviceData, capturedDeviceFramesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels));

                        /* Convert capture data from device format to client format. */
                        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->capture.converter, pRunningCapturedDeviceFrames, &capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration, capturedClientData, &capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            break;
                        }

                        /*
                        If we weren't able to generate any output frames it must mean we've exhaused all of our input. The only time this would not be the case is if capturedClientData was too small
                        which should never be the case when it's of the size MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE.
                        */
                        if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                            break;
                        }

                        ma_device__on_data(pDevice, playbackClientData, capturedClientData, (ma_uint32)capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration);    /* Safe cast .*/

                        capturedDeviceFramesProcessed += (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */
                        capturedDeviceFramesRemaining -= (ma_uint32)capturedDeviceFramesToProcessThisIteration; /* Safe cast. */

                        /* At this point the playbackClientData buffer should be holding data that needs to be written to the device. */
                        for (;;) {
                            ma_uint64 convertedClientFrameCount = capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration;
                            ma_uint64 convertedDeviceFrameCount = playbackDeviceDataCapInFrames;
                            result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDevice->playback.converter, playbackClientData, &convertedClientFrameCount, playbackDeviceData, &convertedDeviceFrameCount);
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                break;
                            }

                            result = ma_device_write__oss(pDevice, playbackDeviceData, (ma_uint32)convertedDeviceFrameCount, NULL); /* Safe cast. */
                            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                                exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                                break;
                            }

                            capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration -= (ma_uint32)convertedClientFrameCount;  /* Safe cast. */
                            if (capturedClientFramesToProcessThisIteration == 0) {
                                break;
                            }
                        }

                        /* In case an error happened from ma_device_write__oss()... */
                        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                            exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                            break;
                        }
                    }

                    totalCapturedDeviceFramesProcessed += capturedDeviceFramesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_capture:
            {
                /* We read in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesReadThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesReadThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesReadThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToReadThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToReadThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToReadThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    result = ma_device_read__oss(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, framesProcessed, intermediaryBuffer);

                    framesReadThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            case ma_device_type_playback:
            {
                /* We write in chunks of the period size, but use a stack allocated buffer for the intermediary. */
                ma_uint8 intermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames = sizeof(intermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
                ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
                ma_uint32 framesWrittenThisPeriod = 0;
                while (framesWrittenThisPeriod < periodSizeInFrames) {
                    ma_uint32 framesRemainingInPeriod = periodSizeInFrames - framesWrittenThisPeriod;
                    ma_uint32 framesProcessed;
                    ma_uint32 framesToWriteThisIteration = framesRemainingInPeriod;
                    if (framesToWriteThisIteration > intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames) {
                        framesToWriteThisIteration = intermediaryBufferSizeInFrames;
                    }

                    ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, framesToWriteThisIteration, intermediaryBuffer);

                    result = ma_device_write__oss(pDevice, intermediaryBuffer, framesToWriteThisIteration, &framesProcessed);
                    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        exitLoop = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }

                    framesWrittenThisPeriod += framesProcessed;
                }
            } break;

            /* To silence a warning. Will never hit this. */
            case ma_device_type_loopback:
            default: break;
        }
    }


    /* Here is where the device is stopped. */
    ma_device_stop__oss(pDevice);

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__oss(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_oss);

    (void)pContext;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__oss(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    int fd;
    int ossVersion;
    int result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

    /* Try opening a temporary device first so we can get version information. This is closed at the end. */
    fd = ma_open_temp_device__oss();
    if (fd == -1) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to open temporary device for retrieving system properties.", MA_NO_BACKEND);   /* Looks liks OSS isn't installed, or there are no available devices. */
    }

    /* Grab the OSS version. */
    ossVersion = 0;
    result = ioctl(fd, OSS_GETVERSION, &ossVersion);
    if (result == -1) {
        close(fd);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OSS] Failed to retrieve OSS version.", MA_NO_BACKEND);
    }

    pContext->oss.versionMajor = ((ossVersion & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
    pContext->oss.versionMinor = ((ossVersion & 0x00FF00) >> 8);

    pContext->onUninit         = ma_context_uninit__oss;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual  = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__oss;
    pContext->onEnumDevices    = ma_context_enumerate_devices__oss;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo  = ma_context_get_device_info__oss;
    pContext->onDeviceInit     = ma_device_init__oss;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit   = ma_device_uninit__oss;
    pContext->onDeviceStart    = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceStop     = NULL; /* Not required for synchronous backends. */
    pContext->onDeviceMainLoop = ma_device_main_loop__oss;

    close(fd);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* OSS */


/******************************************************************************

AAudio Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_AAUDIO
/*#include <AAudio/AAudio.h>*/

#define MA_AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED 0

typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_result_t;
typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_direction_t;
typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_sharing_mode_t;
typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_format_t;
typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_stream_state_t;
typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_performance_mode_t;
typedef int32_t ma_aaudio_data_callback_result_t;

/* Result codes. miniaudio only cares about the success code. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_OK                               0

/* Directions. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_DIRECTION_OUTPUT                 0
#define MA_AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT                  1

/* Sharing modes. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE           0
#define MA_AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED              1

/* Formats. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I16                   1
#define MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT                 2

/* Stream states. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNINITIALIZED       0
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_UNKNOWN             1
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_OPEN                2
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING            3
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED             4
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_PAUSING             5
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_PAUSED              6
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_FLUSHING            7
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_FLUSHED             8
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STOPPING            9
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STOPPED             10
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSING             11
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_CLOSED              12
#define MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED        13

/* Performance modes. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE            10
#define MA_AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_POWER_SAVING    11
#define MA_AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY     12

/* Callback results. */
#define MA_AAUDIO_CALLBACK_RESULT_CONTINUE         0
#define MA_AAUDIO_CALLBACK_RESULT_STOP             1

/* Objects. */
typedef struct ma_AAudioStreamBuilder_t* ma_AAudioStreamBuilder;
typedef struct ma_AAudioStream_t*        ma_AAudioStream;

typedef ma_aaudio_data_callback_result_t (* ma_AAudioStream_dataCallback) (ma_AAudioStream* pStream, void* pUserData, void* pAudioData, int32_t numFrames);
typedef void                             (* ma_AAudioStream_errorCallback)(ma_AAudioStream *pStream, void *pUserData, ma_aaudio_result_t error);

typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudio_createStreamBuilder)                   (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder** ppBuilder);
typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_delete)                   (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDeviceId)              (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, int32_t deviceId);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDirection)             (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_aaudio_direction_t direction);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode)           (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_aaudio_sharing_mode_t sharingMode);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat)                (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_aaudio_format_t format);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount)          (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, int32_t channelCount);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setSampleRate)            (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, int32_t sampleRate);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setBufferCapacityInFrames)(ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, int32_t numFrames);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setFramesPerDataCallback) (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, int32_t numFrames);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback)          (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_AAudioStream_dataCallback callback, void* pUserData);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setErrorCallback)         (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_AAudioStream_errorCallback callback, void* pUserData);
typedef void                     (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode)       (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_aaudio_performance_mode_t mode);
typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream)               (ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder, ma_AAudioStream** ppStream);
typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_close)                           (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef ma_aaudio_stream_state_t (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getState)                        (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_waitForStateChange)              (ma_AAudioStream* pStream, ma_aaudio_stream_state_t inputState, ma_aaudio_stream_state_t* pNextState, int64_t timeoutInNanoseconds);
typedef ma_aaudio_format_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFormat)                       (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef int32_t                  (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getChannelCount)                 (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef int32_t                  (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getSampleRate)                   (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef int32_t                  (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames)       (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef int32_t                  (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback)        (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef int32_t                  (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFramesPerBurst)               (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_requestStart)                    (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);
typedef ma_aaudio_result_t       (* MA_PFN_AAudioStream_requestStop)                     (ma_AAudioStream* pStream);

static ma_result ma_result_from_aaudio(ma_aaudio_result_t resultAA)
{
    switch (resultAA)
    {
        case MA_AAUDIO_OK: return MA_SUCCESS;
        default: break;
    }

    return MA_ERROR;
}

static void ma_stream_error_callback__aaudio(ma_AAudioStream* pStream, void* pUserData, ma_aaudio_result_t error)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    (void)error;

#if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
    printf("[AAudio] ERROR CALLBACK: error=%d, AAudioStream_getState()=%d\n", error, ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getState)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getState)(pStream));
#endif

    /*
    From the documentation for AAudio, when a device is disconnected all we can do is stop it. However, we cannot stop it from the callback - we need
    to do it from another thread. Therefore we are going to use an event thread for the AAudio backend to do this cleanly and safely.
    */
    if (((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getState)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getState)(pStream) == MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_DISCONNECTED) {
#if defined(MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT)
        printf("[AAudio] Device Disconnected.\n");
#endif
    }
}

static ma_aaudio_data_callback_result_t ma_stream_data_callback_capture__aaudio(ma_AAudioStream* pStream, void* pUserData, void* pAudioData, int32_t frameCount)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, frameCount, pAudioData, &pDevice->aaudio.duplexRB);
    } else {
        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, frameCount, pAudioData);     /* Send directly to the client. */
    }

    (void)pStream;
    return MA_AAUDIO_CALLBACK_RESULT_CONTINUE;
}

static ma_aaudio_data_callback_result_t ma_stream_data_callback_playback__aaudio(ma_AAudioStream* pStream, void* pUserData, void* pAudioData, int32_t frameCount)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(pDevice, frameCount, pAudioData, &pDevice->aaudio.duplexRB);
    } else {
        ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, frameCount, pAudioData);   /* Read directly from the client. */
    }

    (void)pStream;
    return MA_AAUDIO_CALLBACK_RESULT_CONTINUE;
}

static ma_result ma_open_stream__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, const ma_device_config* pConfig, const ma_device* pDevice, ma_AAudioStream** ppStream)
{
    ma_AAudioStreamBuilder* pBuilder;
    ma_aaudio_result_t resultAA;

    MA_ASSERT(deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex);   /* This function should not be called for a full-duplex device type. */

    *ppStream = NULL;

    resultAA = ((MA_PFN_AAudio_createStreamBuilder)pContext->aaudio.AAudio_createStreamBuilder)(&pBuilder);
    if (resultAA != MA_AAUDIO_OK) {
        return ma_result_from_aaudio(resultAA);
    }

    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDeviceId)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDeviceId)(pBuilder, pDeviceID->aaudio);
    }

    ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDirection)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDirection)(pBuilder, (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) ? MA_AAUDIO_DIRECTION_OUTPUT : MA_AAUDIO_DIRECTION_INPUT);
    ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode)(pBuilder, (shareMode == ma_share_mode_shared) ? MA_AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_SHARED : MA_AAUDIO_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE);

    if (pConfig != NULL) {
        ma_uint32 bufferCapacityInFrames;

        if (pDevice == NULL || !pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate) {
            ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setSampleRate)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setSampleRate)(pBuilder, pConfig->sampleRate);
        }

        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
            if (pDevice == NULL || !pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels) {
                ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount)(pBuilder, pConfig->capture.channels);
            }
            if (pDevice == NULL || !pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat) {
                ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat)(pBuilder, (pConfig->capture.format == ma_format_s16) ? MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I16 : MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT);
            }
        } else {
            if (pDevice == NULL || !pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels) {
                ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount)(pBuilder, pConfig->playback.channels);
            }
            if (pDevice == NULL || !pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat) {
                ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat)(pBuilder, (pConfig->playback.format == ma_format_s16) ? MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I16 : MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_FLOAT);
            }
        }

        bufferCapacityInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames * pConfig->periods;
        if (bufferCapacityInFrames == 0) {
            bufferCapacityInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, pConfig->sampleRate) * pConfig->periods;
        }

        ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setBufferCapacityInFrames)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setBufferCapacityInFrames)(pBuilder, bufferCapacityInFrames);
        ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setFramesPerDataCallback)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setFramesPerDataCallback)(pBuilder, bufferCapacityInFrames / pConfig->periods);

        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
            ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback)(pBuilder, ma_stream_data_callback_capture__aaudio, (void*)pDevice);
        } else {
            ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback)(pBuilder, ma_stream_data_callback_playback__aaudio, (void*)pDevice);
        }

        /* Not sure how this affects things, but since there's a mapping between miniaudio's performance profiles and AAudio's performance modes, let go ahead and set it. */
        ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode)(pBuilder, (pConfig->performanceProfile == ma_performance_profile_low_latency) ? MA_AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_LOW_LATENCY : MA_AAUDIO_PERFORMANCE_MODE_NONE);
    }

    ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_setErrorCallback)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setErrorCallback)(pBuilder, ma_stream_error_callback__aaudio, (void*)pDevice);

    resultAA = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream)(pBuilder, ppStream);
    if (resultAA != MA_AAUDIO_OK) {
        *ppStream = NULL;
        ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_delete)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_delete)(pBuilder);
        return ma_result_from_aaudio(resultAA);
    }

    ((MA_PFN_AAudioStreamBuilder_delete)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_delete)(pBuilder);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_close_stream__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_AAudioStream* pStream)
{
    return ma_result_from_aaudio(((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_close)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_close)(pStream));
}

static ma_bool32 ma_has_default_device__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    /* The only way to know this is to try creating a stream. */
    ma_AAudioStream* pStream;
    ma_result result = ma_open_stream__aaudio(pContext, deviceType, NULL, ma_share_mode_shared, NULL, NULL, &pStream);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    ma_close_stream__aaudio(pContext, pStream);
    return MA_TRUE;
}

static ma_result ma_wait_for_simple_state_transition__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_AAudioStream* pStream, ma_aaudio_stream_state_t oldState, ma_aaudio_stream_state_t newState)
{
    ma_aaudio_stream_state_t actualNewState;
    ma_aaudio_result_t resultAA = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_waitForStateChange)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_waitForStateChange)(pStream, oldState, &actualNewState, 5000000000); /* 5 second timeout. */
    if (resultAA != MA_AAUDIO_OK) {
        return ma_result_from_aaudio(resultAA);
    }

    if (newState != actualNewState) {
        return MA_ERROR;   /* Failed to transition into the expected state. */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return pID0->aaudio == pID1->aaudio;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32 cbResult = MA_TRUE;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    /* Unfortunately AAudio does not have an enumeration API. Therefore I'm only going to report default devices, but only if it can instantiate a stream. */

    /* Playback. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        deviceInfo.id.aaudio = MA_AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);

        if (ma_has_default_device__aaudio(pContext, ma_device_type_playback)) {
            cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
        }
    }

    /* Capture. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        deviceInfo.id.aaudio = MA_AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);

        if (ma_has_default_device__aaudio(pContext, ma_device_type_capture)) {
            cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_AAudioStream* pStream;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* No exclusive mode with AAudio. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* ID */
    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        pDeviceInfo->id.aaudio = pDeviceID->aaudio;
    } else {
        pDeviceInfo->id.aaudio = MA_AAUDIO_UNSPECIFIED;
    }
    
    /* Name */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    }


    /* We'll need to open the device to get accurate sample rate and channel count information. */
    result = ma_open_stream__aaudio(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, shareMode, NULL, NULL, &pStream);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pDeviceInfo->minChannels   = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getChannelCount)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getChannelCount)(pStream);
    pDeviceInfo->maxChannels   = pDeviceInfo->minChannels;
    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getSampleRate)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getSampleRate)(pStream);
    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate;

    ma_close_stream__aaudio(pContext, pStream);
    pStream = NULL;


    /* AAudio supports s16 and f32. */
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 2;
    pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_s16;
    pDeviceInfo->formats[1] = ma_format_f32;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static void ma_device_uninit__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_close_stream__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture = NULL;
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_close_stream__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback = NULL;
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&pDevice->aaudio.duplexRB);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__aaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* No exclusive mode with AAudio. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* We first need to try opening the stream. */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        int32_t bufferCapacityInFrames;
        int32_t framesPerDataCallback;

        result = ma_open_stream__aaudio(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, pConfig->capture.pDeviceID, pConfig->capture.shareMode, pConfig, pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream**)&pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;  /* Failed to open the AAudio stream. */
        }

        pDevice->capture.internalFormat     = (((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFormat)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFormat)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture) == MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I16) ? ma_format_s16 : ma_format_f32;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels   = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getChannelCount)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getChannelCount)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getSampleRate)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getSampleRate)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap); /* <-- Cannot find info on channel order, so assuming a default. */

        bufferCapacityInFrames = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        framesPerDataCallback = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);

        if (framesPerDataCallback > 0) {
            pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = framesPerDataCallback;
            pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = bufferCapacityInFrames / framesPerDataCallback;
        } else {
            pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = bufferCapacityInFrames;
            pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = 1;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        int32_t bufferCapacityInFrames;
        int32_t framesPerDataCallback;

        result = ma_open_stream__aaudio(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, pConfig->playback.pDeviceID, pConfig->playback.shareMode, pConfig, pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream**)&pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;  /* Failed to open the AAudio stream. */
        }

        pDevice->playback.internalFormat     = (((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFormat)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFormat)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback) == MA_AAUDIO_FORMAT_PCM_I16) ? ma_format_s16 : ma_format_f32;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels   = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getChannelCount)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getChannelCount)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getSampleRate)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getSampleRate)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap); /* <-- Cannot find info on channel order, so assuming a default. */

        bufferCapacityInFrames = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        framesPerDataCallback = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback)pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback)((ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);

        if (framesPerDataCallback > 0) {
            pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = framesPerDataCallback;
            pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = bufferCapacityInFrames / framesPerDataCallback;
        } else {
            pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = bufferCapacityInFrames;
            pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = 1;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 rbSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames) * pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
        ma_result result = ma_pcm_rb_init(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels, rbSizeInFrames, NULL, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks, &pDevice->aaudio.duplexRB);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ma_close_stream__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
            }
            if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ma_close_stream__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
            }
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[AAudio] Failed to initialize ring buffer.", result);
        }

        /* We need a period to act as a buffer for cases where the playback and capture device's end up desyncing. */
        {
            ma_uint32 marginSizeInFrames = rbSizeInFrames / pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
            void* pMarginData;
            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(&pDevice->aaudio.duplexRB, &marginSizeInFrames, &pMarginData);
            {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pMarginData, marginSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels));
            }
            ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(&pDevice->aaudio.duplexRB, marginSizeInFrames, pMarginData);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_start_stream__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_AAudioStream* pStream)
{
    ma_aaudio_result_t resultAA;
    ma_aaudio_stream_state_t currentState;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    resultAA = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_requestStart)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_requestStart)(pStream);
    if (resultAA != MA_AAUDIO_OK) {
        return ma_result_from_aaudio(resultAA);
    }

    /* Do we actually need to wait for the device to transition into it's started state? */

    /* The device should be in either a starting or started state. If it's not set to started we need to wait for it to transition. It should go from starting to started. */
    currentState = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getState)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getState)(pStream);
    if (currentState != MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED) {
        ma_result result;

        if (currentState != MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTING) {
            return MA_ERROR;   /* Expecting the stream to be a starting or started state. */
        }

        result = ma_wait_for_simple_state_transition__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, pStream, currentState, MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STARTED);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop_stream__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_AAudioStream* pStream)
{
    ma_aaudio_result_t resultAA;
    ma_aaudio_stream_state_t currentState;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /*
    From the AAudio documentation:

        The stream will stop after all of the data currently buffered has been played.

    This maps with miniaudio's requirement that device's be drained which means we don't need to implement any draining logic.
    */

    resultAA = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_requestStop)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_requestStop)(pStream);
    if (resultAA != MA_AAUDIO_OK) {
        return ma_result_from_aaudio(resultAA);
    }

    /* The device should be in either a stopping or stopped state. If it's not set to started we need to wait for it to transition. It should go from stopping to stopped. */
    currentState = ((MA_PFN_AAudioStream_getState)pDevice->pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getState)(pStream);
    if (currentState != MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STOPPED) {
        ma_result result;

        if (currentState != MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STOPPING) {
            return MA_ERROR;   /* Expecting the stream to be a stopping or stopped state. */
        }

        result = ma_wait_for_simple_state_transition__aaudio(pDevice->pContext, pStream, currentState, MA_AAUDIO_STREAM_STATE_STOPPED);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_start__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_start_stream__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_start_stream__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ma_device_stop_stream__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__aaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_stop_proc onStop;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_stop_stream__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamCapture);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_result result = ma_device_stop_stream__aaudio(pDevice, (ma_AAudioStream*)pDevice->aaudio.pStreamPlayback);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    onStop = pDevice->onStop;
    if (onStop) {
        onStop(pDevice);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_context_uninit__aaudio(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_aaudio);
    
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio);
    pContext->aaudio.hAAudio = NULL;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__aaudio(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    const char* libNames[] = {
        "libaaudio.so"
    };
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < ma_countof(libNames); ++i) {
        pContext->aaudio.hAAudio = ma_dlopen(pContext, libNames[i]);
        if (pContext->aaudio.hAAudio != NULL) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pContext->aaudio.hAAudio == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->aaudio.AAudio_createStreamBuilder                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudio_createStreamBuilder");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_delete                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_delete");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDeviceId               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setDeviceId");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDirection              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setDirection");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode            = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setSharingMode");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat                 = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setFormat");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setChannelCount");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setSampleRate             = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setSampleRate");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setBufferCapacityInFrames = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setBufferCapacityInFrames");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setFramesPerDataCallback  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setFramesPerDataCallback");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setDataCallback");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setErrorCallback          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setErrorCallback");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_setPerformanceMode");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStreamBuilder_openStream");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_close                            = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_close");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getState                         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getState");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_waitForStateChange               = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_waitForStateChange");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFormat                        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getFormat");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getChannelCount                  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getChannelCount");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getSampleRate                    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getSampleRate");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getBufferCapacityInFrames");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getFramesPerDataCallback");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_getFramesPerBurst                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_getFramesPerBurst");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_requestStart                     = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_requestStart");
    pContext->aaudio.AAudioStream_requestStop                      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->aaudio.hAAudio, "AAudioStream_requestStop");

    pContext->isBackendAsynchronous = MA_TRUE;

    pContext->onUninit        = ma_context_uninit__aaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__aaudio;
    pContext->onEnumDevices   = ma_context_enumerate_devices__aaudio;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo = ma_context_get_device_info__aaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceInit    = ma_device_init__aaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit  = ma_device_uninit__aaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceStart   = ma_device_start__aaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceStop    = ma_device_stop__aaudio;

    (void)pConfig;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* AAudio */


/******************************************************************************

OpenSL|ES Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_OPENSL
#include <SLES/OpenSLES.h>
#ifdef MA_ANDROID
#include <SLES/OpenSLES_Android.h>
#endif

/* OpenSL|ES has one-per-application objects :( */
SLObjectItf g_maEngineObjectSL = NULL;
SLEngineItf g_maEngineSL = NULL;
ma_uint32 g_maOpenSLInitCounter = 0;

#define MA_OPENSL_OBJ(p)         (*((SLObjectItf)(p)))
#define MA_OPENSL_OUTPUTMIX(p)   (*((SLOutputMixItf)(p)))
#define MA_OPENSL_PLAY(p)        (*((SLPlayItf)(p)))
#define MA_OPENSL_RECORD(p)      (*((SLRecordItf)(p)))

#ifdef MA_ANDROID
#define MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(p) (*((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)(p)))
#else
#define MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(p) (*((SLBufferQueueItf)(p)))
#endif

static ma_result ma_result_from_OpenSL(SLuint32 result)
{
    switch (result)
    {
        case SL_RESULT_SUCCESS:                 return MA_SUCCESS;
        case SL_RESULT_PRECONDITIONS_VIOLATED:  return MA_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_PARAMETER_INVALID:       return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case SL_RESULT_MEMORY_FAILURE:          return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        case SL_RESULT_RESOURCE_ERROR:          return MA_INVALID_DATA;
        case SL_RESULT_RESOURCE_LOST:           return MA_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_IO_ERROR:                return MA_IO_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_BUFFER_INSUFFICIENT:     return MA_NO_SPACE;
        case SL_RESULT_CONTENT_CORRUPTED:       return MA_INVALID_DATA;
        case SL_RESULT_CONTENT_UNSUPPORTED:     return MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
        case SL_RESULT_CONTENT_NOT_FOUND:       return MA_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_PERMISSION_DENIED:       return MA_ACCESS_DENIED;
        case SL_RESULT_FEATURE_UNSUPPORTED:     return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
        case SL_RESULT_INTERNAL_ERROR:          return MA_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_UNKNOWN_ERROR:           return MA_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_OPERATION_ABORTED:       return MA_ERROR;
        case SL_RESULT_CONTROL_LOST:            return MA_ERROR;
        default:                                return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

/* Converts an individual OpenSL-style channel identifier (SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT, etc.) to miniaudio. */
static ma_uint8 ma_channel_id_to_ma__opensl(SLuint32 id)
{
    switch (id)
    {
        case SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT:            return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT:           return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER:          return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY:         return MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        case SL_SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT:             return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT:            return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER:  return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER: return MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER:           return MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT:             return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT:            return MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER:            return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER:      return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT:       return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT:         return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER:       return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        case SL_SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT:        return MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        default: return 0;
    }
}

/* Converts an individual miniaudio channel identifier (MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT, etc.) to OpenSL-style. */
static SLuint32 ma_channel_id_to_opensl(ma_uint8 id)
{
    switch (id)
    {
        case MA_CHANNEL_MONO:               return SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT:         return SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT:        return SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER:       return SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_LFE:                return SL_SPEAKER_LOW_FREQUENCY;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT:          return SL_SPEAKER_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT:         return SL_SPEAKER_BACK_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER:  return SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT_OF_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER: return SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT_OF_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER:        return SL_SPEAKER_BACK_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT:          return SL_SPEAKER_SIDE_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT:         return SL_SPEAKER_SIDE_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER:         return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT:     return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER:   return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT:    return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT:      return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_LEFT;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER:    return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_CENTER;
        case MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT:     return SL_SPEAKER_TOP_BACK_RIGHT;
        default: return 0;
    }
}

/* Converts a channel mapping to an OpenSL-style channel mask. */
static SLuint32 ma_channel_map_to_channel_mask__opensl(const ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS], ma_uint32 channels)
{
    SLuint32 channelMask = 0;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;
    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
        channelMask |= ma_channel_id_to_opensl(channelMap[iChannel]);
    }

    return channelMask;
}

/* Converts an OpenSL-style channel mask to a miniaudio channel map. */
static void ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__opensl(SLuint32 channelMask, ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    if (channels == 1 && channelMask == 0) {
        channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
    } else if (channels == 2 && channelMask == 0) {
        channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
        channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
    } else {
        if (channels == 1 && (channelMask & SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_CENTER) != 0) {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } else {
            /* Just iterate over each bit. */
            ma_uint32 iChannel = 0;
            ma_uint32 iBit;
            for (iBit = 0; iBit < 32; ++iBit) {
                SLuint32 bitValue = (channelMask & (1UL << iBit));
                if (bitValue != 0) {
                    /* The bit is set. */
                    channelMap[iChannel] = ma_channel_id_to_ma__opensl(bitValue);
                    iChannel += 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static SLuint32 ma_round_to_standard_sample_rate__opensl(SLuint32 samplesPerSec)
{
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_8) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_8;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_11_025) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_11_025;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_12) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_12;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_16) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_16;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_22_05) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_22_05;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_24) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_24;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_32) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_32;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_44_1) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_44_1;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_48) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_48;
    }

    /* Android doesn't support more than 48000. */
#ifndef MA_ANDROID
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_64) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_64;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_88_2) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_88_2;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_96) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_96;
    }
    if (samplesPerSec <= SL_SAMPLINGRATE_192) {
        return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_192;
    }
#endif

    return SL_SAMPLINGRATE_16;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__opensl(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return pID0->opensl == pID1->opensl;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__opensl(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32 cbResult;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    MA_ASSERT(g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0); /* <-- If you trigger this it means you've either not initialized the context, or you've uninitialized it and then attempted to enumerate devices. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /*
    TODO: Test Me.
    
    This is currently untested, so for now we are just returning default devices.
    */
#if 0 && !defined(MA_ANDROID)
    ma_bool32 isTerminated = MA_FALSE;

    SLuint32 pDeviceIDs[128];
    SLint32 deviceCount = sizeof(pDeviceIDs) / sizeof(pDeviceIDs[0]);

    SLAudioIODeviceCapabilitiesItf deviceCaps;
    SLresult resultSL = (*g_maEngineObjectSL)->GetInterface(g_maEngineObjectSL, SL_IID_AUDIOIODEVICECAPABILITIES, &deviceCaps);
    if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
        /* The interface may not be supported so just report a default device. */
        goto return_default_device;
    }

    /* Playback */
    if (!isTerminated) {
        resultSL = (*deviceCaps)->GetAvailableAudioOutputs(deviceCaps, &deviceCount, pDeviceIDs);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL);
        }

        for (SLint32 iDevice = 0; iDevice < deviceCount; ++iDevice) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            deviceInfo.id.opensl = pDeviceIDs[iDevice];

            SLAudioOutputDescriptor desc;
            resultSL = (*deviceCaps)->QueryAudioOutputCapabilities(deviceCaps, deviceInfo.id.opensl, &desc);
            if (resultSL == SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
                ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), (const char*)desc.pDeviceName, (size_t)-1);

                ma_bool32 cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                if (cbResult == MA_FALSE) {
                    isTerminated = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* Capture */
    if (!isTerminated) {
        resultSL = (*deviceCaps)->GetAvailableAudioInputs(deviceCaps, &deviceCount, pDeviceIDs);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL);
        }

        for (SLint32 iDevice = 0; iDevice < deviceCount; ++iDevice) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            deviceInfo.id.opensl = pDeviceIDs[iDevice];

            SLAudioInputDescriptor desc;
            resultSL = (*deviceCaps)->QueryAudioInputCapabilities(deviceCaps, deviceInfo.id.opensl, &desc);
            if (resultSL == SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
                ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), (const char*)desc.deviceName, (size_t)-1);

                ma_bool32 cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
                if (cbResult == MA_FALSE) {
                    isTerminated = MA_TRUE;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
#else
    goto return_default_device;
#endif

return_default_device:;
    cbResult = MA_TRUE;

    /* Playback. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    /* Capture. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__opensl(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    MA_ASSERT(g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0); /* <-- If you trigger this it means you've either not initialized the context, or you've uninitialized it and then attempted to get device info. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* No exclusive mode with OpenSL|ES. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /*
    TODO: Test Me.
    
    This is currently untested, so for now we are just returning default devices.
    */
#if 0 && !defined(MA_ANDROID)
    SLAudioIODeviceCapabilitiesItf deviceCaps;
    SLresult resultSL = (*g_maEngineObjectSL)->GetInterface(g_maEngineObjectSL, SL_IID_AUDIOIODEVICECAPABILITIES, &deviceCaps);
    if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
        /* The interface may not be supported so just report a default device. */
        goto return_default_device;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        SLAudioOutputDescriptor desc;
        resultSL = (*deviceCaps)->QueryAudioOutputCapabilities(deviceCaps, pDeviceID->opensl, &desc);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL);
        }

        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), (const char*)desc.pDeviceName, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        SLAudioInputDescriptor desc;
        resultSL = (*deviceCaps)->QueryAudioInputCapabilities(deviceCaps, pDeviceID->opensl, &desc);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL);
        }

        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), (const char*)desc.deviceName, (size_t)-1);
    }

    goto return_detailed_info;
#else
    goto return_default_device;
#endif

return_default_device:
    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        if ((deviceType == ma_device_type_playback && pDeviceID->opensl != SL_DEFAULTDEVICEID_AUDIOOUTPUT) ||
            (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  && pDeviceID->opensl != SL_DEFAULTDEVICEID_AUDIOINPUT)) {
            return MA_NO_DEVICE;   /* Don't know the device. */
        }
    }

    /* Name / Description */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    }

    goto return_detailed_info;


return_detailed_info:

    /*
    For now we're just outputting a set of values that are supported by the API but not necessarily supported
    by the device natively. Later on we should work on this so that it more closely reflects the device's
    actual native format.
    */
    pDeviceInfo->minChannels = 1;
    pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = 2;
    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = 8000;
    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = 48000;
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 2;
    pDeviceInfo->formats[0] = ma_format_u8;
    pDeviceInfo->formats[1] = ma_format_s16;
#if defined(MA_ANDROID) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
    pDeviceInfo->formats[pDeviceInfo->formatCount] = ma_format_f32;
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount += 1;
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


#ifdef MA_ANDROID
/*void ma_buffer_queue_callback_capture__opensl_android(SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf pBufferQueue, SLuint32 eventFlags, const void* pBuffer, SLuint32 bufferSize, SLuint32 dataUsed, void* pContext)*/
static void ma_buffer_queue_callback_capture__opensl_android(SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf pBufferQueue, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    size_t periodSizeInBytes;
    ma_uint8* pBuffer;
    SLresult resultSL;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    (void)pBufferQueue;

    /*
    For now, don't do anything unless the buffer was fully processed. From what I can tell, it looks like
    OpenSL|ES 1.1 improves on buffer queues to the point that we could much more intelligently handle this,
    but unfortunately it looks like Android is only supporting OpenSL|ES 1.0.1 for now :(
    */

    /* Don't do anything if the device is not started. */
    if (pDevice->state != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
        return;
    }

    /* Don't do anything if the device is being drained. */
    if (pDevice->opensl.isDrainingCapture) {
        return;
    }

    periodSizeInBytes = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
    pBuffer = pDevice->opensl.pBufferCapture + (pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexCapture * periodSizeInBytes);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pBuffer, &pDevice->opensl.duplexRB);
    } else {
        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pBuffer);
    }

    resultSL = MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture)->Enqueue((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture, pBuffer, periodSizeInBytes);
    if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
        return;
    }

    pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexCapture = (pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexCapture + 1) % pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
}

static void ma_buffer_queue_callback_playback__opensl_android(SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf pBufferQueue, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pUserData;
    size_t periodSizeInBytes;
    ma_uint8* pBuffer;
    SLresult resultSL;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    (void)pBufferQueue;

    /* Don't do anything if the device is not started. */
    if (pDevice->state != MA_STATE_STARTED) {
        return;
    }

    /* Don't do anything if the device is being drained. */
    if (pDevice->opensl.isDrainingPlayback) {
        return;
    }

    periodSizeInBytes = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
    pBuffer = pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback + (pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexPlayback * periodSizeInBytes);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(pDevice, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pBuffer, &pDevice->opensl.duplexRB);
    } else {
        ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pBuffer);
    }

    resultSL = MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback)->Enqueue((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback, pBuffer, periodSizeInBytes);
    if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
        return;
    }

    pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexPlayback = (pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexPlayback + 1) % pDevice->playback.internalPeriods;
}
#endif

static void ma_device_uninit__opensl(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ASSERT(g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0); /* <-- If you trigger this it means you've either not initialized the context, or you've uninitialized it before uninitializing the device. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter == 0) {
        return;
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj) {
            MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj)->Destroy((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj);
        }

        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->opensl.pBufferCapture, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj) {
            MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj)->Destroy((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj);
        }
        if (pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj) {
            MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj)->Destroy((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj);
        }

        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&pDevice->opensl.duplexRB);
    }
}

#if defined(MA_ANDROID) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
typedef SLAndroidDataFormat_PCM_EX  ma_SLDataFormat_PCM;
#else
typedef SLDataFormat_PCM            ma_SLDataFormat_PCM;
#endif

static ma_result ma_SLDataFormat_PCM_init__opensl(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, const ma_channel* channelMap, ma_SLDataFormat_PCM* pDataFormat)
{
#if defined(MA_ANDROID) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
    if (format == ma_format_f32) {
        pDataFormat->formatType     = SL_ANDROID_DATAFORMAT_PCM_EX;
        pDataFormat->representation = SL_ANDROID_PCM_REPRESENTATION_FLOAT;
    } else {
        pDataFormat->formatType = SL_DATAFORMAT_PCM;
    }
#else
    pDataFormat->formatType = SL_DATAFORMAT_PCM;
#endif

    pDataFormat->numChannels   = channels;
    ((SLDataFormat_PCM*)pDataFormat)->samplesPerSec = ma_round_to_standard_sample_rate__opensl(sampleRate * 1000);  /* In millihertz. Annoyingly, the sample rate variable is named differently between SLAndroidDataFormat_PCM_EX and SLDataFormat_PCM */
    pDataFormat->bitsPerSample = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format)*8;
    pDataFormat->channelMask   = ma_channel_map_to_channel_mask__opensl(channelMap, channels);
    pDataFormat->endianness    = (ma_is_little_endian()) ? SL_BYTEORDER_LITTLEENDIAN : SL_BYTEORDER_BIGENDIAN;

    /*
    Android has a few restrictions on the format as documented here: https://developer.android.com/ndk/guides/audio/opensl-for-android.html
     - Only mono and stereo is supported.
     - Only u8 and s16 formats are supported.
     - Maximum sample rate of 48000.
    */
#ifdef MA_ANDROID
    if (pDataFormat->numChannels > 2) {
        pDataFormat->numChannels = 2;
    }
#if __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
    if (pDataFormat->formatType == SL_ANDROID_DATAFORMAT_PCM_EX) {
        /* It's floating point. */
        MA_ASSERT(pDataFormat->representation == SL_ANDROID_PCM_REPRESENTATION_FLOAT);
        if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample > 32) {
            pDataFormat->bitsPerSample = 32;
        }
    } else {
        if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample > 16) {
            pDataFormat->bitsPerSample = 16;
        }
    }
#else
    if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample > 16) {
        pDataFormat->bitsPerSample = 16;
    }
#endif
    if (((SLDataFormat_PCM*)pDataFormat)->samplesPerSec > SL_SAMPLINGRATE_48) {
        ((SLDataFormat_PCM*)pDataFormat)->samplesPerSec = SL_SAMPLINGRATE_48;
    }
#endif

    pDataFormat->containerSize = pDataFormat->bitsPerSample;  /* Always tightly packed for now. */

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_deconstruct_SLDataFormat_PCM__opensl(ma_SLDataFormat_PCM* pDataFormat, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels, ma_uint32* pSampleRate, ma_channel* pChannelMap)
{
    ma_bool32 isFloatingPoint = MA_FALSE;
#if defined(MA_ANDROID) && __ANDROID_API__ >= 21
    if (pDataFormat->formatType == SL_ANDROID_DATAFORMAT_PCM_EX) {
        MA_ASSERT(pDataFormat->representation == SL_ANDROID_PCM_REPRESENTATION_FLOAT);
        isFloatingPoint = MA_TRUE;
    }
#endif
    if (isFloatingPoint) {
        if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample == 32) {
            *pFormat = ma_format_f32;
        }
    } else {
        if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample == 8) {
            *pFormat = ma_format_u8;
        } else if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample == 16) {
            *pFormat = ma_format_s16;
        } else if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample == 24) {
            *pFormat = ma_format_s24;
        } else if (pDataFormat->bitsPerSample == 32) {
            *pFormat = ma_format_s32;
        }
    }

    *pChannels   = pDataFormat->numChannels;
    *pSampleRate = ((SLDataFormat_PCM*)pDataFormat)->samplesPerSec / 1000;
    ma_channel_mask_to_channel_map__opensl(pDataFormat->channelMask, pDataFormat->numChannels, pChannelMap);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__opensl(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
#ifdef MA_ANDROID
    SLDataLocator_AndroidSimpleBufferQueue queue;
    SLresult resultSL;
    ma_uint32 periodSizeInFrames;
    size_t bufferSizeInBytes;
    const SLInterfaceID itfIDs1[] = {SL_IID_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE};
    const SLboolean itfIDsRequired1[] = {SL_BOOLEAN_TRUE};
#endif

    (void)pContext;

    MA_ASSERT(g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0); /* <-- If you trigger this it means you've either not initialized the context, or you've uninitialized it and then attempted to initialize a new device. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /*
    For now, only supporting Android implementations of OpenSL|ES since that's the only one I've
    been able to test with and I currently depend on Android-specific extensions (simple buffer
    queues).
    */
#ifdef MA_ANDROID
    /* No exclusive mode with OpenSL|ES. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* Now we can start initializing the device properly. */
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&pDevice->opensl);

    queue.locatorType = SL_DATALOCATOR_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE;
    queue.numBuffers = pConfig->periods;


    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_SLDataFormat_PCM pcm;
        SLDataLocator_IODevice locatorDevice;
        SLDataSource source;
        SLDataSink sink;

        ma_SLDataFormat_PCM_init__opensl(pConfig->capture.format, pConfig->capture.channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->capture.channelMap, &pcm);

        locatorDevice.locatorType = SL_DATALOCATOR_IODEVICE;
        locatorDevice.deviceType  = SL_IODEVICE_AUDIOINPUT;
        locatorDevice.deviceID    = (pConfig->capture.pDeviceID == NULL) ? SL_DEFAULTDEVICEID_AUDIOINPUT : pConfig->capture.pDeviceID->opensl;
        locatorDevice.device      = NULL;

        source.pLocator = &locatorDevice;
        source.pFormat  = NULL;

        sink.pLocator = &queue;
        sink.pFormat  = (SLDataFormat_PCM*)&pcm;

        resultSL = (*g_maEngineSL)->CreateAudioRecorder(g_maEngineSL, (SLObjectItf*)&pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj, &source, &sink, 1, itfIDs1, itfIDsRequired1);
        if (resultSL == SL_RESULT_CONTENT_UNSUPPORTED) {
            /* Unsupported format. Fall back to something safer and try again. If this fails, just abort. */
            pcm.formatType    = SL_DATAFORMAT_PCM;
            pcm.numChannels   = 1;
            ((SLDataFormat_PCM*)&pcm)->samplesPerSec = SL_SAMPLINGRATE_16;  /* The name of the sample rate variable is different between SLAndroidDataFormat_PCM_EX and SLDataFormat_PCM. */
            pcm.bitsPerSample = 16;
            pcm.containerSize = pcm.bitsPerSample;  /* Always tightly packed for now. */
            pcm.channelMask   = SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT;
            resultSL = (*g_maEngineSL)->CreateAudioRecorder(g_maEngineSL, (SLObjectItf*)&pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj, &source, &sink, 1, itfIDs1, itfIDsRequired1);
        }

        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to create audio recorder.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj)->Realize((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj, SL_BOOLEAN_FALSE);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to realize audio recorder.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj)->GetInterface((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj, SL_IID_RECORD, &pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to retrieve SL_IID_RECORD interface.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj)->GetInterface((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorderObj, SL_IID_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE, &pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to retrieve SL_IID_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE interface.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture)->RegisterCallback((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture, ma_buffer_queue_callback_capture__opensl_android, pDevice);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to register buffer queue callback.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        /* The internal format is determined by the "pcm" object. */
        ma_deconstruct_SLDataFormat_PCM__opensl(&pcm, &pDevice->capture.internalFormat, &pDevice->capture.internalChannels, &pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);

        /* Buffer. */
        periodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        if (periodSizeInFrames == 0) {
            periodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate);
        }
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexCapture   = 0;

        bufferSizeInBytes = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels) * pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
        pDevice->opensl.pBufferCapture = (ma_uint8*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(bufferSizeInBytes, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pDevice->opensl.pBufferCapture == NULL) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to allocate memory for data buffer.", MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY);
        }
        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDevice->opensl.pBufferCapture, bufferSizeInBytes);
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_SLDataFormat_PCM pcm;
        SLDataSource source;
        SLDataLocator_OutputMix outmixLocator;
        SLDataSink sink;

        ma_SLDataFormat_PCM_init__opensl(pConfig->playback.format, pConfig->playback.channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->playback.channelMap, &pcm);

        resultSL = (*g_maEngineSL)->CreateOutputMix(g_maEngineSL, (SLObjectItf*)&pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj, 0, NULL, NULL);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to create output mix.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj)->Realize((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj, SL_BOOLEAN_FALSE);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to realize output mix object.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj)->GetInterface((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj, SL_IID_OUTPUTMIX, &pDevice->opensl.pOutputMix);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to retrieve SL_IID_OUTPUTMIX interface.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        /* Set the output device. */
        if (pConfig->playback.pDeviceID != NULL) {
            SLuint32 deviceID_OpenSL = pConfig->playback.pDeviceID->opensl;
            MA_OPENSL_OUTPUTMIX(pDevice->opensl.pOutputMix)->ReRoute((SLOutputMixItf)pDevice->opensl.pOutputMix, 1, &deviceID_OpenSL);
        }
        
        source.pLocator = &queue;
        source.pFormat  = (SLDataFormat_PCM*)&pcm;

        outmixLocator.locatorType = SL_DATALOCATOR_OUTPUTMIX;
        outmixLocator.outputMix   = (SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pOutputMixObj;

        sink.pLocator = &outmixLocator;
        sink.pFormat  = NULL;

        resultSL = (*g_maEngineSL)->CreateAudioPlayer(g_maEngineSL, (SLObjectItf*)&pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj, &source, &sink, 1, itfIDs1, itfIDsRequired1);
        if (resultSL == SL_RESULT_CONTENT_UNSUPPORTED) {
            /* Unsupported format. Fall back to something safer and try again. If this fails, just abort. */
            pcm.formatType = SL_DATAFORMAT_PCM;
            pcm.numChannels = 2;
            ((SLDataFormat_PCM*)&pcm)->samplesPerSec = SL_SAMPLINGRATE_16;
            pcm.bitsPerSample = 16;
            pcm.containerSize = pcm.bitsPerSample;  /* Always tightly packed for now. */
            pcm.channelMask = SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_LEFT | SL_SPEAKER_FRONT_RIGHT;
            resultSL = (*g_maEngineSL)->CreateAudioPlayer(g_maEngineSL, (SLObjectItf*)&pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj, &source, &sink, 1, itfIDs1, itfIDsRequired1);
        }

        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to create audio player.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj)->Realize((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj, SL_BOOLEAN_FALSE);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to realize audio player.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj)->GetInterface((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj, SL_IID_PLAY, &pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to retrieve SL_IID_PLAY interface.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_OBJ(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj)->GetInterface((SLObjectItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayerObj, SL_IID_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE, &pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to retrieve SL_IID_ANDROIDSIMPLEBUFFERQUEUE interface.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback)->RegisterCallback((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback, ma_buffer_queue_callback_playback__opensl_android, pDevice);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to register buffer queue callback.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        /* The internal format is determined by the "pcm" object. */
        ma_deconstruct_SLDataFormat_PCM__opensl(&pcm, &pDevice->playback.internalFormat, &pDevice->playback.internalChannels, &pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);

        /* Buffer. */
        periodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
        if (periodSizeInFrames == 0) {
            periodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate);
        }
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = pConfig->periods;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = periodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->opensl.currentBufferIndexPlayback   = 0;

        bufferSizeInBytes = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels) * pDevice->playback.internalPeriods;
        pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback = (ma_uint8*)ma__calloc_from_callbacks(bufferSizeInBytes, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback == NULL) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to allocate memory for data buffer.", MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY);
        }
        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback, bufferSizeInBytes);
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 rbSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames) * pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
        ma_result result = ma_pcm_rb_init(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels, rbSizeInFrames, NULL, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks, &pDevice->opensl.duplexRB);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit__opensl(pDevice);
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to initialize ring buffer.", result);
        }

        /* We need a period to act as a buffer for cases where the playback and capture device's end up desyncing. */
        {
            ma_uint32 marginSizeInFrames = rbSizeInFrames / pDevice->capture.internalPeriods;
            void* pMarginData;
            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(&pDevice->opensl.duplexRB, &marginSizeInFrames, &pMarginData);
            {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pMarginData, marginSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels));
            }
            ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(&pDevice->opensl.duplexRB, marginSizeInFrames, pMarginData);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
#else
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;   /* Non-Android implementations are not supported. */
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_device_start__opensl(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    SLresult resultSL;
    size_t periodSizeInBytes;
    ma_uint32 iPeriod;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ASSERT(g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0); /* <-- If you trigger this it means you've either not initialized the context, or you've uninitialized it and then attempted to start the device. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_RECORD(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder)->SetRecordState((SLRecordItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder, SL_RECORDSTATE_RECORDING);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to start internal capture device.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        periodSizeInBytes = pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.internalFormat, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
        for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->capture.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
            resultSL = MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture)->Enqueue((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture, pDevice->opensl.pBufferCapture + (periodSizeInBytes * iPeriod), periodSizeInBytes);
            if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
                MA_OPENSL_RECORD(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder)->SetRecordState((SLRecordItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder, SL_RECORDSTATE_STOPPED);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to enqueue buffer for capture device.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
            }
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_PLAY(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer)->SetPlayState((SLPlayItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer, SL_PLAYSTATE_PLAYING);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to start internal playback device.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        /* In playback mode (no duplex) we need to load some initial buffers. In duplex mode we need to enqueu silent buffers. */
        if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
            MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * pDevice->playback.internalPeriods * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels));
        } else {
            ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * pDevice->playback.internalPeriods, pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback);
        }

        periodSizeInBytes = pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->playback.internalFormat, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
        for (iPeriod = 0; iPeriod < pDevice->playback.internalPeriods; ++iPeriod) {
            resultSL = MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback)->Enqueue((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback, pDevice->opensl.pBufferPlayback + (periodSizeInBytes * iPeriod), periodSizeInBytes);
            if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
                MA_OPENSL_PLAY(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer)->SetPlayState((SLPlayItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer, SL_PLAYSTATE_STOPPED);
                return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to enqueue buffer for playback device.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_drain__opensl(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf pBufferQueue;

    MA_ASSERT(deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_playback);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pBufferQueue = (SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture;
        pDevice->opensl.isDrainingCapture  = MA_TRUE;
    } else {
        pBufferQueue = (SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback;
        pDevice->opensl.isDrainingPlayback = MA_TRUE;
    }

    for (;;) {
        SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueState state;

        MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pBufferQueue)->GetState(pBufferQueue, &state);
        if (state.count == 0) {
            break;
        }

        ma_sleep(10);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDevice->opensl.isDrainingCapture  = MA_FALSE;
    } else {
        pDevice->opensl.isDrainingPlayback = MA_FALSE;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__opensl(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    SLresult resultSL;
    ma_stop_proc onStop;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    MA_ASSERT(g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0); /* <-- If you trigger this it means you've either not initialized the context, or you've uninitialized it before stopping/uninitializing the device. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_drain__opensl(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture);

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_RECORD(pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder)->SetRecordState((SLRecordItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioRecorder, SL_RECORDSTATE_STOPPED);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to stop internal capture device.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture)->Clear((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueueCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_drain__opensl(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback);

        resultSL = MA_OPENSL_PLAY(pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer)->SetPlayState((SLPlayItf)pDevice->opensl.pAudioPlayer, SL_PLAYSTATE_STOPPED);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "[OpenSL] Failed to stop internal playback device.", ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL));
        }

        MA_OPENSL_BUFFERQUEUE(pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback)->Clear((SLAndroidSimpleBufferQueueItf)pDevice->opensl.pBufferQueuePlayback);
    }

    /* Make sure the client is aware that the device has stopped. There may be an OpenSL|ES callback for this, but I haven't found it. */
    onStop = pDevice->onStop;
    if (onStop) {
        onStop(pDevice);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_context_uninit__opensl(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_opensl);
    (void)pContext;

    /* Uninit global data. */
    if (g_maOpenSLInitCounter > 0) {
        if (c89atomic_fetch_sub_32(&g_maOpenSLInitCounter, 1) == 1) {
            (*g_maEngineObjectSL)->Destroy(g_maEngineObjectSL);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__opensl(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    (void)pConfig;

    /* Initialize global data first if applicable. */
    if (c89atomic_fetch_add_32(&g_maOpenSLInitCounter, 1) == 0) {
        SLresult resultSL = slCreateEngine(&g_maEngineObjectSL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            c89atomic_fetch_sub_32(&g_maOpenSLInitCounter, 1);
            return ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL);
        }

        (*g_maEngineObjectSL)->Realize(g_maEngineObjectSL, SL_BOOLEAN_FALSE);

        resultSL = (*g_maEngineObjectSL)->GetInterface(g_maEngineObjectSL, SL_IID_ENGINE, &g_maEngineSL);
        if (resultSL != SL_RESULT_SUCCESS) {
            (*g_maEngineObjectSL)->Destroy(g_maEngineObjectSL);
            c89atomic_fetch_sub_32(&g_maOpenSLInitCounter, 1);
            return ma_result_from_OpenSL(resultSL);
        }
    }

    pContext->isBackendAsynchronous = MA_TRUE;

    pContext->onUninit        = ma_context_uninit__opensl;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__opensl;
    pContext->onEnumDevices   = ma_context_enumerate_devices__opensl;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo = ma_context_get_device_info__opensl;
    pContext->onDeviceInit    = ma_device_init__opensl;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit  = ma_device_uninit__opensl;
    pContext->onDeviceStart   = ma_device_start__opensl;
    pContext->onDeviceStop    = ma_device_stop__opensl;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* OpenSL|ES */


/******************************************************************************

Web Audio Backend

******************************************************************************/
#ifdef MA_HAS_WEBAUDIO
#include <emscripten/emscripten.h>

static ma_bool32 ma_is_capture_supported__webaudio()
{
    return EM_ASM_INT({
        return (navigator.mediaDevices !== undefined && navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia !== undefined);
    }, 0) != 0; /* Must pass in a dummy argument for C99 compatibility. */
}

#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
void EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE ma_device_process_pcm_frames_capture__webaudio(ma_device* pDevice, int frameCount, float* pFrames)
{
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_capture(pDevice, (ma_uint32)frameCount, pFrames, &pDevice->webaudio.duplexRB);
    } else {
        ma_device__send_frames_to_client(pDevice, (ma_uint32)frameCount, pFrames);    /* Send directly to the client. */
    }
}

void EMSCRIPTEN_KEEPALIVE ma_device_process_pcm_frames_playback__webaudio(ma_device* pDevice, int frameCount, float* pFrames)
{
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device__handle_duplex_callback_playback(pDevice, (ma_uint32)frameCount, pFrames, &pDevice->webaudio.duplexRB);
    } else {
        ma_device__read_frames_from_client(pDevice, (ma_uint32)frameCount, pFrames);  /* Read directly from the device. */
    }
}
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif

static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_device_id_equal__webaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_id* pID0, const ma_device_id* pID1)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID0 != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pID1 != NULL);
    (void)pContext;

    return ma_strcmp(pID0->webaudio, pID1->webaudio) == 0;
}

static ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices__webaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_bool32 cbResult = MA_TRUE;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(callback != NULL);

    /* Only supporting default devices for now. */

    /* Playback. */
    if (cbResult) {
        ma_device_info deviceInfo;
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
        ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
        cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
    }

    /* Capture. */
    if (cbResult) {
        if (ma_is_capture_supported__webaudio()) {
            ma_device_info deviceInfo;
            MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);
            ma_strncpy_s(deviceInfo.name, sizeof(deviceInfo.name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
            cbResult = callback(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, &deviceInfo, pUserData);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_get_device_info__webaudio(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* No exclusive mode with Web Audio. */
    if (shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture && !ma_is_capture_supported__webaudio()) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }


    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pDeviceInfo->id.webaudio, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->id.webaudio));

    /* Only supporting default devices for now. */
    (void)pDeviceID;
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    } else {
        ma_strncpy_s(pDeviceInfo->name, sizeof(pDeviceInfo->name), MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME, (size_t)-1);
    }

    /* Web Audio can support any number of channels and sample rates. It only supports f32 formats, however. */
    pDeviceInfo->minChannels = 1;
    pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = MA_MAX_CHANNELS;
    if (pDeviceInfo->maxChannels > 32) {
        pDeviceInfo->maxChannels = 32;  /* Maximum output channel count is 32 for createScriptProcessor() (JavaScript). */
    }

    /* We can query the sample rate by just using a temporary audio context. */
    pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate = EM_ASM_INT({
        try {
            var temp = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)();
            var sampleRate = temp.sampleRate;
            temp.close();
            return sampleRate;
        } catch(e) {
            return 0;
        }
    }, 0);  /* Must pass in a dummy argument for C99 compatibility. */
    pDeviceInfo->maxSampleRate = pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate;
    if (pDeviceInfo->minSampleRate == 0) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }

    /* Web Audio only supports f32. */
    pDeviceInfo->formatCount = 1;
    pDeviceInfo->formats[0]  = ma_format_f32;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static void ma_device_uninit_by_index__webaudio(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType, int deviceIndex)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    EM_ASM({
        var device = miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0);

        /* Make sure all nodes are disconnected and marked for collection. */
        if (device.scriptNode !== undefined) {
            device.scriptNode.onaudioprocess = function(e) {};  /* We want to reset the callback to ensure it doesn't get called after AudioContext.close() has returned. Shouldn't happen since we're disconnecting, but just to be safe... */
            device.scriptNode.disconnect();
            device.scriptNode = undefined;
        }
        if (device.streamNode !== undefined) {
            device.streamNode.disconnect();
            device.streamNode = undefined;
        }

        /*
        Stop the device. I think there is a chance the callback could get fired after calling this, hence why we want
        to clear the callback before closing.
        */
        device.webaudio.close();
        device.webaudio = undefined;

        /* Can't forget to free the intermediary buffer. This is the buffer that's shared between JavaScript and C. */
        if (device.intermediaryBuffer !== undefined) {
            Module._free(device.intermediaryBuffer);
            device.intermediaryBuffer = undefined;
            device.intermediaryBufferView = undefined;
            device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes = undefined;
        }

        /* Make sure the device is untracked so the slot can be reused later. */
        miniaudio.untrack_device_by_index($0);
    }, deviceIndex, deviceType);
}

static void ma_device_uninit__webaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_uninit_by_index__webaudio(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice->webaudio.indexCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_device_uninit_by_index__webaudio(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice->webaudio.indexPlayback);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_pcm_rb_uninit(&pDevice->webaudio.duplexRB);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_device_init_by_type__webaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device_type deviceType, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    int deviceIndex;
    ma_uint32 internalPeriodSizeInFrames;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfig    != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex);
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice    != NULL);

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture && !ma_is_capture_supported__webaudio()) {
        return MA_NO_DEVICE;
    }

    /* Try calculating an appropriate buffer size. */
    internalPeriodSizeInFrames = pConfig->periodSizeInFrames;
    if (internalPeriodSizeInFrames == 0) {
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(pConfig->periodSizeInMilliseconds, pConfig->sampleRate);
    }

    /* The size of the buffer must be a power of 2 and between 256 and 16384. */
    if (internalPeriodSizeInFrames < 256) {
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = 256;
    } else if (internalPeriodSizeInFrames > 16384) {
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = 16384;
    } else {
        internalPeriodSizeInFrames = ma_next_power_of_2(internalPeriodSizeInFrames);
    }

    /* We create the device on the JavaScript side and reference it using an index. We use this to make it possible to reference the device between JavaScript and C. */
    deviceIndex = EM_ASM_INT({
        var channels   = $0;
        var sampleRate = $1;
        var bufferSize = $2;    /* In PCM frames. */
        var isCapture  = $3;
        var pDevice    = $4;

        if (typeof(miniaudio) === 'undefined') {
            return -1;  /* Context not initialized. */
        }

        var device = {};

        /* The AudioContext must be created in a suspended state. */
        device.webaudio = new (window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext)({sampleRate:sampleRate});
        device.webaudio.suspend();

        /*
        We need an intermediary buffer which we use for JavaScript and C interop. This buffer stores interleaved f32 PCM data. Because it's passed between
        JavaScript and C it needs to be allocated and freed using Module._malloc() and Module._free().
        */
        device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes = channels * bufferSize * 4;
        device.intermediaryBuffer = Module._malloc(device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes);
        device.intermediaryBufferView = new Float32Array(Module.HEAPF32.buffer, device.intermediaryBuffer, device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes);

        /*
        Both playback and capture devices use a ScriptProcessorNode for performing per-sample operations.

        ScriptProcessorNode is actually deprecated so this is likely to be temporary. The way this works for playback is very simple. You just set a callback
        that's periodically fired, just like a normal audio callback function. But apparently this design is "flawed" and is now deprecated in favour of
        something called AudioWorklets which _forces_ you to load a _separate_ .js file at run time... nice... Hopefully ScriptProcessorNode will continue to
        work for years to come, but this may need to change to use AudioSourceBufferNode instead, which I think is what Emscripten uses for it's built-in SDL
        implementation. I'll be avoiding that insane AudioWorklet API like the plague...

        For capture it is a bit unintuitive. We use the ScriptProccessorNode _only_ to get the raw PCM data. It is connected to an AudioContext just like the
        playback case, however we just output silence to the AudioContext instead of passing any real data. It would make more sense to me to use the
        MediaRecorder API, but unfortunately you need to specify a MIME time (Opus, Vorbis, etc.) for the binary blob that's returned to the client, but I've
        been unable to figure out how to get this as raw PCM. The closest I can think is to use the MIME type for WAV files and just parse it, but I don't know
        how well this would work. Although ScriptProccessorNode is deprecated, in practice it seems to have pretty good browser support so I'm leaving it like
        this for now. If anyone knows how I could get raw PCM data using the MediaRecorder API please let me know!
        */
        device.scriptNode = device.webaudio.createScriptProcessor(bufferSize, channels, channels);

        if (isCapture) {
            device.scriptNode.onaudioprocess = function(e) {
                if (device.intermediaryBuffer === undefined) {
                    return; /* This means the device has been uninitialized. */
                }

                /* Make sure silence it output to the AudioContext destination. Not doing this will cause sound to come out of the speakers! */
                for (var iChannel = 0; iChannel < e.outputBuffer.numberOfChannels; ++iChannel) {
                    e.outputBuffer.getChannelData(iChannel).fill(0.0);
                }

                /* There are some situations where we may want to send silence to the client. */
                var sendSilence = false;
                if (device.streamNode === undefined) {
                    sendSilence = true;
                }

                /* Sanity check. This will never happen, right? */
                if (e.inputBuffer.numberOfChannels != channels) {
                    console.log("Capture: Channel count mismatch. " + e.inputBufer.numberOfChannels + " != " + channels + ". Sending silence.");
                    sendSilence = true;
                }

                /* This looped design guards against the situation where e.inputBuffer is a different size to the original buffer size. Should never happen in practice. */
                var totalFramesProcessed = 0;
                while (totalFramesProcessed < e.inputBuffer.length) {
                    var framesRemaining = e.inputBuffer.length - totalFramesProcessed;
                    var framesToProcess = framesRemaining;
                    if (framesToProcess > (device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes/channels/4)) {
                        framesToProcess = (device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes/channels/4);
                    }

                    /* We need to do the reverse of the playback case. We need to interleave the input data and copy it into the intermediary buffer. Then we send it to the client. */
                    if (sendSilence) {
                        device.intermediaryBufferView.fill(0.0);
                    } else {
                        for (var iFrame = 0; iFrame < framesToProcess; ++iFrame) {
                            for (var iChannel = 0; iChannel < e.inputBuffer.numberOfChannels; ++iChannel) {
                                device.intermediaryBufferView[iFrame*channels + iChannel] = e.inputBuffer.getChannelData(iChannel)[totalFramesProcessed + iFrame];
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    /* Send data to the client from our intermediary buffer. */
                    ccall("ma_device_process_pcm_frames_capture__webaudio", "undefined", ["number", "number", "number"], [pDevice, framesToProcess, device.intermediaryBuffer]);

                    totalFramesProcessed += framesToProcess;
                }
            };

            navigator.mediaDevices.getUserMedia({audio:true, video:false})
                .then(function(stream) {
                    device.streamNode = device.webaudio.createMediaStreamSource(stream);
                    device.streamNode.connect(device.scriptNode);
                    device.scriptNode.connect(device.webaudio.destination);
                })
                .catch(function(error) {
                    /* I think this should output silence... */
                    device.scriptNode.connect(device.webaudio.destination);
                });
        } else {
            device.scriptNode.onaudioprocess = function(e) {
                if (device.intermediaryBuffer === undefined) {
                    return; /* This means the device has been uninitialized. */
                }

                var outputSilence = false;

                /* Sanity check. This will never happen, right? */
                if (e.outputBuffer.numberOfChannels != channels) {
                    console.log("Playback: Channel count mismatch. " + e.outputBufer.numberOfChannels + " != " + channels + ". Outputting silence.");
                    outputSilence = true;
                    return;
                }

                /* This looped design guards against the situation where e.outputBuffer is a different size to the original buffer size. Should never happen in practice. */
                var totalFramesProcessed = 0;
                while (totalFramesProcessed < e.outputBuffer.length) {
                    var framesRemaining = e.outputBuffer.length - totalFramesProcessed;
                    var framesToProcess = framesRemaining;
                    if (framesToProcess > (device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes/channels/4)) {
                        framesToProcess = (device.intermediaryBufferSizeInBytes/channels/4);
                    }

                    /* Read data from the client into our intermediary buffer. */
                    ccall("ma_device_process_pcm_frames_playback__webaudio", "undefined", ["number", "number", "number"], [pDevice, framesToProcess, device.intermediaryBuffer]);

                    /* At this point we'll have data in our intermediary buffer which we now need to deinterleave and copy over to the output buffers. */
                    if (outputSilence) {
                        for (var iChannel = 0; iChannel < e.outputBuffer.numberOfChannels; ++iChannel) {
                            e.outputBuffer.getChannelData(iChannel).fill(0.0);
                        }
                    } else {
                        for (var iChannel = 0; iChannel < e.outputBuffer.numberOfChannels; ++iChannel) {
                            for (var iFrame = 0; iFrame < framesToProcess; ++iFrame) {
                                e.outputBuffer.getChannelData(iChannel)[totalFramesProcessed + iFrame] = device.intermediaryBufferView[iFrame*channels + iChannel];
                            }
                        }
                    }

                    totalFramesProcessed += framesToProcess;
                }
            };

            device.scriptNode.connect(device.webaudio.destination);
        }

        return miniaudio.track_device(device);
    }, (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) ? pConfig->capture.channels : pConfig->playback.channels, pConfig->sampleRate, internalPeriodSizeInFrames, deviceType == ma_device_type_capture, pDevice);

    if (deviceIndex < 0) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture) {
        pDevice->webaudio.indexCapture               = deviceIndex;
        pDevice->capture.internalFormat              = ma_format_f32;
        pDevice->capture.internalChannels            = pConfig->capture.channels;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_webaudio, pDevice->capture.internalChannels, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate          = EM_ASM_INT({ return miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0).webaudio.sampleRate; }, deviceIndex);
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames  = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->capture.internalPeriods             = 1;
    } else {
        pDevice->webaudio.indexPlayback              = deviceIndex;
        pDevice->playback.internalFormat             = ma_format_f32;
        pDevice->playback.internalChannels           = pConfig->playback.channels;
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_webaudio, pDevice->playback.internalChannels, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap);
        pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate         = EM_ASM_INT({ return miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0).webaudio.sampleRate; }, deviceIndex);
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames = internalPeriodSizeInFrames;
        pDevice->playback.internalPeriods            = 1;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_init__webaudio(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    /* No exclusive mode with Web Audio. */
    if (((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->playback.shareMode == ma_share_mode_exclusive) ||
        ((pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture  || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) && pConfig->capture.shareMode  == ma_share_mode_exclusive)) {
        return MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        result = ma_device_init_by_type__webaudio(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        result = ma_device_init_by_type__webaudio(pContext, pConfig, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ma_device_uninit_by_index__webaudio(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice->webaudio.indexCapture);
            }
            return result;
        }
    }

    /*
    We need a ring buffer for moving data from the capture device to the playback device. The capture callback is the producer
    and the playback callback is the consumer. The buffer needs to be large enough to hold internalPeriodSizeInFrames based on
    the external sample rate.
    */
    if (pConfig->deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_uint32 rbSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames) * 2;
        result = ma_pcm_rb_init(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels, rbSizeInFrames, NULL, &pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks, &pDevice->webaudio.duplexRB);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ma_device_uninit_by_index__webaudio(pDevice, ma_device_type_capture, pDevice->webaudio.indexCapture);
            }
            if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
                ma_device_uninit_by_index__webaudio(pDevice, ma_device_type_playback, pDevice->webaudio.indexPlayback);
            }
            return result;
        }

        /* We need a period to act as a buffer for cases where the playback and capture device's end up desyncing. */
        {
            ma_uint32 marginSizeInFrames = rbSizeInFrames / 3;  /* <-- Dividing by 3 because internalPeriods is always set to 1 for WebAudio. */
            void* pMarginData;
            ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(&pDevice->webaudio.duplexRB, &marginSizeInFrames, &pMarginData);
            {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pMarginData, marginSizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDevice->capture.format, pDevice->capture.channels));
            }
            ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(&pDevice->webaudio.duplexRB, marginSizeInFrames, pMarginData);
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_start__webaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        EM_ASM({
            miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0).webaudio.resume();
        }, pDevice->webaudio.indexCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        EM_ASM({
            miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0).webaudio.resume();
        }, pDevice->webaudio.indexPlayback);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_device_stop__webaudio(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    /*
    From the WebAudio API documentation for AudioContext.suspend():

        Suspends the progression of AudioContext's currentTime, allows any current context processing blocks that are already processed to be played to the
        destination, and then allows the system to release its claim on audio hardware.

    I read this to mean that "any current context processing blocks" are processed by suspend() - i.e. They they are drained. We therefore shouldn't need to
    do any kind of explicit draining.
    */

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        EM_ASM({
            miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0).webaudio.suspend();
        }, pDevice->webaudio.indexCapture);
    }

    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        EM_ASM({
            miniaudio.get_device_by_index($0).webaudio.suspend();
        }, pDevice->webaudio.indexPlayback);
    }

    ma_stop_proc onStop = pDevice->onStop;
    if (onStop) {
        onStop(pDevice);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit__webaudio(ma_context* pContext)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pContext->backend == ma_backend_webaudio);

    /* Nothing needs to be done here. */
    (void)pContext;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init__webaudio(const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    int resultFromJS;

    MA_ASSERT(pContext != NULL);

    /* Here is where our global JavaScript object is initialized. */
    resultFromJS = EM_ASM_INT({
        if ((window.AudioContext || window.webkitAudioContext) === undefined) {
            return 0;   /* Web Audio not supported. */
        }

        if (typeof(miniaudio) === 'undefined') {
            miniaudio = {};
            miniaudio.devices = [];   /* Device cache for mapping devices to indexes for JavaScript/C interop. */
                    
            miniaudio.track_device = function(device) {
                /* Try inserting into a free slot first. */
                for (var iDevice = 0; iDevice < miniaudio.devices.length; ++iDevice) {
                    if (miniaudio.devices[iDevice] == null) {
                        miniaudio.devices[iDevice] = device;
                        return iDevice;
                    }
                }
                        
                /* Getting here means there is no empty slots in the array so we just push to the end. */
                miniaudio.devices.push(device);
                return miniaudio.devices.length - 1;
            };
                    
            miniaudio.untrack_device_by_index = function(deviceIndex) {
                /* We just set the device's slot to null. The slot will get reused in the next call to ma_track_device. */
                miniaudio.devices[deviceIndex] = null;
                        
                /* Trim the array if possible. */
                while (miniaudio.devices.length > 0) {
                    if (miniaudio.devices[miniaudio.devices.length-1] == null) {
                        miniaudio.devices.pop();
                    } else {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            };
                    
            miniaudio.untrack_device = function(device) {
                for (var iDevice = 0; iDevice < miniaudio.devices.length; ++iDevice) {
                    if (miniaudio.devices[iDevice] == device) {
                        return miniaudio.untrack_device_by_index(iDevice);
                    }
                }
            };
                    
            miniaudio.get_device_by_index = function(deviceIndex) {
                return miniaudio.devices[deviceIndex];
            };
        }
                
        return 1;
    }, 0);  /* Must pass in a dummy argument for C99 compatibility. */

    if (resultFromJS != 1) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }


    pContext->isBackendAsynchronous = MA_TRUE;

    pContext->onUninit              = ma_context_uninit__webaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceIDEqual       = ma_context_is_device_id_equal__webaudio;
    pContext->onEnumDevices         = ma_context_enumerate_devices__webaudio;
    pContext->onGetDeviceInfo       = ma_context_get_device_info__webaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceInit          = ma_device_init__webaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceUninit        = ma_device_uninit__webaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceStart         = ma_device_start__webaudio;
    pContext->onDeviceStop          = ma_device_stop__webaudio;

    (void)pConfig; /* Unused. */
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* Web Audio */



static ma_bool32 ma__is_channel_map_valid(const ma_channel* channelMap, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    /* A blank channel map should be allowed, in which case it should use an appropriate default which will depend on context. */
    if (channelMap[0] != MA_CHANNEL_NONE) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;

        if (channels == 0) {
            return MA_FALSE;   /* No channels. */
        }

        /* A channel cannot be present in the channel map more than once. */
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
            ma_uint32 jChannel;
            for (jChannel = iChannel + 1; jChannel < channels; ++jChannel) {
                if (channelMap[iChannel] == channelMap[jChannel]) {
                    return MA_FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}


static ma_result ma_device__post_init_setup(ma_device* pDevice, ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat) {
            pDevice->capture.format = pDevice->capture.internalFormat;
        }
        if (pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels) {
            pDevice->capture.channels = pDevice->capture.internalChannels;
        }
        if (pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannelMap) {
            if (pDevice->capture.internalChannels == pDevice->capture.channels) {
                ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->capture.channelMap, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, pDevice->capture.channels);
            } else {
                ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pDevice->capture.channels, pDevice->capture.channelMap);
            }
        }
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat) {
            pDevice->playback.format = pDevice->playback.internalFormat;
        }
        if (pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels) {
            pDevice->playback.channels = pDevice->playback.internalChannels;
        }
        if (pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannelMap) {
            if (pDevice->playback.internalChannels == pDevice->playback.channels) {
                ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->playback.channelMap, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, pDevice->playback.channels);
            } else {
                ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pDevice->playback.channels, pDevice->playback.channelMap);
            }
        }
    }

    if (pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate) {
        if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
            pDevice->sampleRate = pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate;
        } else {
            pDevice->sampleRate = pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate;
        }
    }

    /* PCM converters. */
    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex || deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        /* Converting from internal device format to client format. */
        ma_data_converter_config converterConfig = ma_data_converter_config_init_default();
        converterConfig.formatIn                   = pDevice->capture.internalFormat;
        converterConfig.channelsIn                 = pDevice->capture.internalChannels;
        converterConfig.sampleRateIn               = pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(converterConfig.channelMapIn, pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
        converterConfig.formatOut                  = pDevice->capture.format;
        converterConfig.channelsOut                = pDevice->capture.channels;
        converterConfig.sampleRateOut              = pDevice->sampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(converterConfig.channelMapOut, pDevice->capture.channelMap, pDevice->capture.channels);
        converterConfig.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate = MA_FALSE;
        converterConfig.resampling.algorithm       = pDevice->resampling.algorithm;
        converterConfig.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = pDevice->resampling.linear.lpfOrder;
        converterConfig.resampling.speex.quality   = pDevice->resampling.speex.quality;

        result = ma_data_converter_init(&converterConfig, &pDevice->capture.converter);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        /* Converting from client format to device format. */
        ma_data_converter_config converterConfig = ma_data_converter_config_init_default();
        converterConfig.formatIn                   = pDevice->playback.format;
        converterConfig.channelsIn                 = pDevice->playback.channels;
        converterConfig.sampleRateIn               = pDevice->sampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(converterConfig.channelMapIn, pDevice->playback.channelMap, pDevice->playback.channels);
        converterConfig.formatOut                  = pDevice->playback.internalFormat;
        converterConfig.channelsOut                = pDevice->playback.internalChannels;
        converterConfig.sampleRateOut              = pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(converterConfig.channelMapOut, pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
        converterConfig.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate = MA_FALSE;
        converterConfig.resampling.algorithm       = pDevice->resampling.algorithm;
        converterConfig.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = pDevice->resampling.linear.lpfOrder;
        converterConfig.resampling.speex.quality   = pDevice->resampling.speex.quality;

        result = ma_data_converter_init(&converterConfig, &pDevice->playback.converter);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_thread_result MA_THREADCALL ma_worker_thread(void* pData)
{
    ma_device* pDevice = (ma_device*)pData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDevice != NULL);

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_CoInitializeEx(pDevice->pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
#endif

    /*
    When the device is being initialized it's initial state is set to MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED. Before returning from
    ma_device_init(), the state needs to be set to something valid. In miniaudio the device's default state immediately
    after initialization is stopped, so therefore we need to mark the device as such. miniaudio will wait on the worker
    thread to signal an event to know when the worker thread is ready for action.
    */
    ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPED);
    ma_event_signal(&pDevice->stopEvent);

    for (;;) {  /* <-- This loop just keeps the thread alive. The main audio loop is inside. */
        ma_stop_proc onStop;

        /* We wait on an event to know when something has requested that the device be started and the main loop entered. */
        ma_event_wait(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);

        /* Default result code. */
        pDevice->workResult = MA_SUCCESS;

        /* If the reason for the wake up is that we are terminating, just break from the loop. */
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
            break;
        }

        /*
        Getting to this point means the device is wanting to get started. The function that has requested that the device
        be started will be waiting on an event (pDevice->startEvent) which means we need to make sure we signal the event
        in both the success and error case. It's important that the state of the device is set _before_ signaling the event.
        */
        MA_ASSERT(ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTING);

        /* Make sure the state is set appropriately. */
        ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STARTED);
        ma_event_signal(&pDevice->startEvent);

        if (pDevice->pContext->onDeviceMainLoop != NULL) {
            pDevice->pContext->onDeviceMainLoop(pDevice);
        } else {
            ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "No main loop implementation.", MA_API_NOT_FOUND);
        }

        /*
        Getting here means we have broken from the main loop which happens the application has requested that device be stopped. Note that this
        may have actually already happened above if the device was lost and miniaudio has attempted to re-initialize the device. In this case we
        don't want to be doing this a second time.
        */
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
            if (pDevice->pContext->onDeviceStop) {
                pDevice->pContext->onDeviceStop(pDevice);
            }
        }

        /* After the device has stopped, make sure an event is posted. */
        onStop = pDevice->onStop;
        if (onStop) {
            onStop(pDevice);
        }

        /*
        A function somewhere is waiting for the device to have stopped for real so we need to signal an event to allow it to continue. Note that
        it's possible that the device has been uninitialized which means we need to _not_ change the status to stopped. We cannot go from an
        uninitialized state to stopped state.
        */
        if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
            ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPED);
            ma_event_signal(&pDevice->stopEvent);
        }
    }

    /* Make sure we aren't continuously waiting on a stop event. */
    ma_event_signal(&pDevice->stopEvent);  /* <-- Is this still needed? */

#ifdef MA_WIN32
    ma_CoUninitialize(pDevice->pContext);
#endif

    return (ma_thread_result)0;
}


/* Helper for determining whether or not the given device is initialized. */
static ma_bool32 ma_device__is_initialized(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    return ma_device__get_state(pDevice) != MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED;
}


#ifdef MA_WIN32
static ma_result ma_context_uninit_backend_apis__win32(ma_context* pContext)
{
    ma_CoUninitialize(pContext);
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->win32.hUser32DLL);
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL);
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init_backend_apis__win32(ma_context* pContext)
{
#ifdef MA_WIN32_DESKTOP
    /* Ole32.dll */
    pContext->win32.hOle32DLL = ma_dlopen(pContext, "ole32.dll");
    if (pContext->win32.hOle32DLL == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->win32.CoInitializeEx   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoInitializeEx");
    pContext->win32.CoUninitialize   = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoUninitialize");
    pContext->win32.CoCreateInstance = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoCreateInstance");
    pContext->win32.CoTaskMemFree    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "CoTaskMemFree");
    pContext->win32.PropVariantClear = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "PropVariantClear");
    pContext->win32.StringFromGUID2  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hOle32DLL, "StringFromGUID2");


    /* User32.dll */
    pContext->win32.hUser32DLL = ma_dlopen(pContext, "user32.dll");
    if (pContext->win32.hUser32DLL == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->win32.GetForegroundWindow = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hUser32DLL, "GetForegroundWindow");
    pContext->win32.GetDesktopWindow    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hUser32DLL, "GetDesktopWindow");


    /* Advapi32.dll */
    pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL = ma_dlopen(pContext, "advapi32.dll");
    if (pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->win32.RegOpenKeyExA    = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegOpenKeyExA");
    pContext->win32.RegCloseKey      = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegCloseKey");
    pContext->win32.RegQueryValueExA = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->win32.hAdvapi32DLL, "RegQueryValueExA");
#endif

    ma_CoInitializeEx(pContext, NULL, MA_COINIT_VALUE);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#else
static ma_result ma_context_uninit_backend_apis__nix(ma_context* pContext)
{
#if defined(MA_USE_RUNTIME_LINKING_FOR_PTHREAD) && !defined(MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING)
    ma_dlclose(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO);
#else
    (void)pContext;
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_context_init_backend_apis__nix(ma_context* pContext)
{
    /* pthread */
#if defined(MA_USE_RUNTIME_LINKING_FOR_PTHREAD) && !defined(MA_NO_RUNTIME_LINKING)
    const char* libpthreadFileNames[] = {
        "libpthread.so",
        "libpthread.so.0",
        "libpthread.dylib"
    };
    size_t i;

    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(libpthreadFileNames) / sizeof(libpthreadFileNames[0]); ++i) {
        pContext->posix.pthreadSO = ma_dlopen(pContext, libpthreadFileNames[i]);
        if (pContext->posix.pthreadSO != NULL) {
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pContext->posix.pthreadSO == NULL) {
        return MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND;
    }

    pContext->posix.pthread_create              = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_create");
    pContext->posix.pthread_join                = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_join");
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_init          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_mutex_init");
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_destroy       = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_mutex_destroy");
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_lock          = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_mutex_lock");
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_unlock        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_mutex_unlock");
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_init           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_cond_init");
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_destroy        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_cond_destroy");
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_wait           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_cond_wait");
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_signal         = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_cond_signal");
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_init           = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_attr_init");
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_destroy        = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_attr_destroy");
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_setschedpolicy = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_attr_setschedpolicy");
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_getschedparam  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_attr_getschedparam");
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_setschedparam  = (ma_proc)ma_dlsym(pContext, pContext->posix.pthreadSO, "pthread_attr_setschedparam");
#else
    pContext->posix.pthread_create              = (ma_proc)pthread_create;
    pContext->posix.pthread_join                = (ma_proc)pthread_join;
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_init          = (ma_proc)pthread_mutex_init;
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_destroy       = (ma_proc)pthread_mutex_destroy;
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_lock          = (ma_proc)pthread_mutex_lock;
    pContext->posix.pthread_mutex_unlock        = (ma_proc)pthread_mutex_unlock;
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_init           = (ma_proc)pthread_cond_init;
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_destroy        = (ma_proc)pthread_cond_destroy;
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_wait           = (ma_proc)pthread_cond_wait;
    pContext->posix.pthread_cond_signal         = (ma_proc)pthread_cond_signal;
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_init           = (ma_proc)pthread_attr_init;
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_destroy        = (ma_proc)pthread_attr_destroy;
#if !defined(__EMSCRIPTEN__)
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_setschedpolicy = (ma_proc)pthread_attr_setschedpolicy;
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_getschedparam  = (ma_proc)pthread_attr_getschedparam;
    pContext->posix.pthread_attr_setschedparam  = (ma_proc)pthread_attr_setschedparam;
#endif
#endif

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_context_init_backend_apis(ma_context* pContext)
{
    ma_result result;
#ifdef MA_WIN32
    result = ma_context_init_backend_apis__win32(pContext);
#else
    result = ma_context_init_backend_apis__nix(pContext);
#endif

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_context_uninit_backend_apis(ma_context* pContext)
{
    ma_result result;
#ifdef MA_WIN32
    result = ma_context_uninit_backend_apis__win32(pContext);
#else
    result = ma_context_uninit_backend_apis__nix(pContext);
#endif

    return result;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_is_backend_asynchronous(ma_context* pContext)
{
    return pContext->isBackendAsynchronous;
}


MA_API ma_context_config ma_context_config_init()
{
    ma_context_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_context_init(const ma_backend backends[], ma_uint32 backendCount, const ma_context_config* pConfig, ma_context* pContext)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_context_config config;
    ma_backend defaultBackends[ma_backend_null+1];
    ma_uint32 iBackend;
    ma_backend* pBackendsToIterate;
    ma_uint32 backendsToIterateCount;

    if (pContext == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pContext);

    /* Always make sure the config is set first to ensure properties are available as soon as possible. */
    if (pConfig != NULL) {
        config = *pConfig;
    } else {
        config = ma_context_config_init();
    }

    pContext->logCallback     = config.logCallback;
    pContext->threadPriority  = config.threadPriority;
    pContext->threadStackSize = config.threadStackSize;
    pContext->pUserData       = config.pUserData;

    result = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pContext->allocationCallbacks, &config.allocationCallbacks);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* Backend APIs need to be initialized first. This is where external libraries will be loaded and linked. */
    result = ma_context_init_backend_apis(pContext);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    for (iBackend = 0; iBackend <= ma_backend_null; ++iBackend) {
        defaultBackends[iBackend] = (ma_backend)iBackend;
    }

    pBackendsToIterate = (ma_backend*)backends;
    backendsToIterateCount = backendCount;
    if (pBackendsToIterate == NULL) {
        pBackendsToIterate = (ma_backend*)defaultBackends;
        backendsToIterateCount = ma_countof(defaultBackends);
    }

    MA_ASSERT(pBackendsToIterate != NULL);

    for (iBackend = 0; iBackend < backendsToIterateCount; ++iBackend) {
        ma_backend backend = pBackendsToIterate[iBackend];

        result = MA_NO_BACKEND;
        switch (backend) {
        #ifdef MA_HAS_WASAPI
            case ma_backend_wasapi:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__wasapi(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_DSOUND
            case ma_backend_dsound:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__dsound(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_WINMM
            case ma_backend_winmm:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__winmm(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_ALSA
            case ma_backend_alsa:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__alsa(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_PULSEAUDIO
            case ma_backend_pulseaudio:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__pulse(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_JACK
            case ma_backend_jack:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__jack(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_COREAUDIO
            case ma_backend_coreaudio:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__coreaudio(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_SNDIO
            case ma_backend_sndio:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__sndio(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_AUDIO4
            case ma_backend_audio4:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__audio4(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_OSS
            case ma_backend_oss:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__oss(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_AAUDIO
            case ma_backend_aaudio:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__aaudio(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_OPENSL
            case ma_backend_opensl:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__opensl(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_WEBAUDIO
            case ma_backend_webaudio:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__webaudio(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif
        #ifdef MA_HAS_NULL
            case ma_backend_null:
            {
                result = ma_context_init__null(&config, pContext);
            } break;
        #endif

            default: break;
        }

        /* If this iteration was successful, return. */
        if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
            result = ma_mutex_init(&pContext->deviceEnumLock);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "Failed to initialize mutex for device enumeration. ma_context_get_devices() is not thread safe.", result);
            }
            result = ma_mutex_init(&pContext->deviceInfoLock);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "Failed to initialize mutex for device info retrieval. ma_context_get_device_info() is not thread safe.", result);
            }

#ifdef MA_DEBUG_OUTPUT
            printf("[miniaudio] Endian:  %s\n", ma_is_little_endian() ? "LE" : "BE");
            printf("[miniaudio] SSE2:    %s\n", ma_has_sse2()    ? "YES" : "NO");
            printf("[miniaudio] AVX2:    %s\n", ma_has_avx2()    ? "YES" : "NO");
            printf("[miniaudio] AVX512F: %s\n", ma_has_avx512f() ? "YES" : "NO");
            printf("[miniaudio] NEON:    %s\n", ma_has_neon()    ? "YES" : "NO");
#endif

            pContext->backend = backend;
            return result;
        }
    }

    /* If we get here it means an error occurred. */
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pContext);  /* Safety. */
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_context_uninit(ma_context* pContext)
{
    if (pContext == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pContext->onUninit(pContext);

    ma_mutex_uninit(&pContext->deviceEnumLock);
    ma_mutex_uninit(&pContext->deviceInfoLock);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pContext->pDeviceInfos, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
    ma_context_uninit_backend_apis(pContext);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API size_t ma_context_sizeof()
{
    return sizeof(ma_context);
}


MA_API ma_result ma_context_enumerate_devices(ma_context* pContext, ma_enum_devices_callback_proc callback, void* pUserData)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pContext == NULL || pContext->onEnumDevices == NULL || callback == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    ma_mutex_lock(&pContext->deviceEnumLock);
    {
        result = pContext->onEnumDevices(pContext, callback, pUserData);
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&pContext->deviceEnumLock);

    return result;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_context_get_devices__enum_callback(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_info* pInfo, void* pUserData)
{
    /*
    We need to insert the device info into our main internal buffer. Where it goes depends on the device type. If it's a capture device
    it's just appended to the end. If it's a playback device it's inserted just before the first capture device.
    */

    /*
    First make sure we have room. Since the number of devices we add to the list is usually relatively small I've decided to use a
    simple fixed size increment for buffer expansion.
    */
    const ma_uint32 bufferExpansionCount = 2;
    const ma_uint32 totalDeviceInfoCount = pContext->playbackDeviceInfoCount + pContext->captureDeviceInfoCount;

    if (pContext->deviceInfoCapacity >= totalDeviceInfoCount) {
        ma_uint32 oldCapacity = pContext->deviceInfoCapacity;
        ma_uint32 newCapacity = oldCapacity + bufferExpansionCount;
        ma_device_info* pNewInfos = (ma_device_info*)ma__realloc_from_callbacks(pContext->pDeviceInfos, sizeof(*pContext->pDeviceInfos)*newCapacity, sizeof(*pContext->pDeviceInfos)*oldCapacity, &pContext->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pNewInfos == NULL) {
            return MA_FALSE;   /* Out of memory. */
        }

        pContext->pDeviceInfos = pNewInfos;
        pContext->deviceInfoCapacity = newCapacity;
    }

    if (deviceType == ma_device_type_playback) {
        /* Playback. Insert just before the first capture device. */

        /* The first thing to do is move all of the capture devices down a slot. */
        ma_uint32 iFirstCaptureDevice = pContext->playbackDeviceInfoCount;
        size_t iCaptureDevice;
        for (iCaptureDevice = totalDeviceInfoCount; iCaptureDevice > iFirstCaptureDevice; --iCaptureDevice) {
            pContext->pDeviceInfos[iCaptureDevice] = pContext->pDeviceInfos[iCaptureDevice-1];
        }

        /* Now just insert where the first capture device was before moving it down a slot. */
        pContext->pDeviceInfos[iFirstCaptureDevice] = *pInfo;
        pContext->playbackDeviceInfoCount += 1;
    } else {
        /* Capture. Insert at the end. */
        pContext->pDeviceInfos[totalDeviceInfoCount] = *pInfo;
        pContext->captureDeviceInfoCount += 1;
    }

    (void)pUserData;
    return MA_TRUE;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_context_get_devices(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_info** ppPlaybackDeviceInfos, ma_uint32* pPlaybackDeviceCount, ma_device_info** ppCaptureDeviceInfos, ma_uint32* pCaptureDeviceCount)
{
    ma_result result;

    /* Safety. */
    if (ppPlaybackDeviceInfos != NULL) *ppPlaybackDeviceInfos = NULL;
    if (pPlaybackDeviceCount  != NULL) *pPlaybackDeviceCount  = 0;
    if (ppCaptureDeviceInfos  != NULL) *ppCaptureDeviceInfos  = NULL;
    if (pCaptureDeviceCount   != NULL) *pCaptureDeviceCount   = 0;

    if (pContext == NULL || pContext->onEnumDevices == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Note that we don't use ma_context_enumerate_devices() here because we want to do locking at a higher level. */
    ma_mutex_lock(&pContext->deviceEnumLock);
    {
        /* Reset everything first. */
        pContext->playbackDeviceInfoCount = 0;
        pContext->captureDeviceInfoCount = 0;

        /* Now enumerate over available devices. */
        result = pContext->onEnumDevices(pContext, ma_context_get_devices__enum_callback, NULL);
        if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
            /* Playback devices. */
            if (ppPlaybackDeviceInfos != NULL) {
                *ppPlaybackDeviceInfos = pContext->pDeviceInfos;
            }
            if (pPlaybackDeviceCount != NULL) {
                *pPlaybackDeviceCount = pContext->playbackDeviceInfoCount;
            }

            /* Capture devices. */
            if (ppCaptureDeviceInfos != NULL) {
                *ppCaptureDeviceInfos = pContext->pDeviceInfos + pContext->playbackDeviceInfoCount; /* Capture devices come after playback devices. */
            }
            if (pCaptureDeviceCount != NULL) {
                *pCaptureDeviceCount = pContext->captureDeviceInfoCount;
            }
        }
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&pContext->deviceEnumLock);

    return result;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_context_get_device_info(ma_context* pContext, ma_device_type deviceType, const ma_device_id* pDeviceID, ma_share_mode shareMode, ma_device_info* pDeviceInfo)
{
    ma_device_info deviceInfo;

    /* NOTE: Do not clear pDeviceInfo on entry. The reason is the pDeviceID may actually point to pDeviceInfo->id which will break things. */
    if (pContext == NULL || pDeviceInfo == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&deviceInfo);

    /* Help the backend out by copying over the device ID if we have one. */
    if (pDeviceID != NULL) {
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(&deviceInfo.id, pDeviceID, sizeof(*pDeviceID));
    }

    /* The backend may have an optimized device info retrieval function. If so, try that first. */
    if (pContext->onGetDeviceInfo != NULL) {
        ma_result result;
        ma_mutex_lock(&pContext->deviceInfoLock);
        {
            result = pContext->onGetDeviceInfo(pContext, deviceType, pDeviceID, shareMode, &deviceInfo);
        }
        ma_mutex_unlock(&pContext->deviceInfoLock);

        /* Clamp ranges. */
        deviceInfo.minChannels   = ma_max(deviceInfo.minChannels,   MA_MIN_CHANNELS);
        deviceInfo.maxChannels   = ma_min(deviceInfo.maxChannels,   MA_MAX_CHANNELS);
        deviceInfo.minSampleRate = ma_max(deviceInfo.minSampleRate, MA_MIN_SAMPLE_RATE);
        deviceInfo.maxSampleRate = ma_min(deviceInfo.maxSampleRate, MA_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE);

        *pDeviceInfo = deviceInfo;
        return result;
    }

    /* Getting here means onGetDeviceInfo has not been set. */
    return MA_ERROR;
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_context_is_loopback_supported(ma_context* pContext)
{
    if (pContext == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    return ma_is_loopback_supported(pContext->backend);
}


MA_API ma_device_config ma_device_config_init(ma_device_type deviceType)
{
    ma_device_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.deviceType = deviceType;

    /* Resampling defaults. We must never use the Speex backend by default because it uses licensed third party code. */
    config.resampling.algorithm       = ma_resample_algorithm_linear;
    config.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = ma_min(MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);
    config.resampling.speex.quality   = 3;

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_init(ma_context* pContext, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_device_config config;

    if (pContext == NULL) {
        return ma_device_init_ex(NULL, 0, NULL, pConfig, pDevice);
    }
    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with invalid arguments (pDevice == NULL).", MA_INVALID_ARGS);
    }
    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with invalid arguments (pConfig == NULL).", MA_INVALID_ARGS);
    }

    /* We need to make a copy of the config so we can set default values if they were left unset in the input config. */
    config = *pConfig;

    /* Basic config validation. */
    if (config.deviceType != ma_device_type_playback && config.deviceType != ma_device_type_capture && config.deviceType != ma_device_type_duplex && config.deviceType != ma_device_type_loopback) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with an invalid config. Device type is invalid. Make sure the device type has been set in the config.", MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG);
    }

    if (config.deviceType == ma_device_type_capture || config.deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (config.capture.channels > MA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with an invalid config. Capture channel count cannot exceed 32.", MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG);
        }
        if (!ma__is_channel_map_valid(config.capture.channelMap, config.capture.channels)) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with invalid config. Capture channel map is invalid.", MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG);
        }
    }

    if (config.deviceType == ma_device_type_playback || config.deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex || config.deviceType == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        if (config.playback.channels > MA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with an invalid config. Playback channel count cannot exceed 32.", MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG);
        }
        if (!ma__is_channel_map_valid(config.playback.channelMap, config.playback.channels)) {
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_init() called with invalid config. Playback channel map is invalid.", MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG);
        }
    }


    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pDevice);
    pDevice->pContext = pContext;

    /* Set the user data and log callback ASAP to ensure it is available for the entire initialization process. */
    pDevice->pUserData = config.pUserData;
    pDevice->onData = config.dataCallback;
    pDevice->onStop = config.stopCallback;

    if (((ma_uintptr)pDevice % sizeof(pDevice)) != 0) {
        if (pContext->logCallback) {
            pContext->logCallback(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "WARNING: ma_device_init() called for a device that is not properly aligned. Thread safety is not supported.");
        }
    }

    pDevice->noPreZeroedOutputBuffer = config.noPreZeroedOutputBuffer;
    pDevice->noClip = config.noClip;
    pDevice->masterVolumeFactor = 1;

    /*
    When passing in 0 for the format/channels/rate/chmap it means the device will be using whatever is chosen by the backend. If everything is set
    to defaults it means the format conversion pipeline will run on a fast path where data transfer is just passed straight through to the backend.
    */
    if (config.sampleRate == 0) {
        config.sampleRate = MA_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE;
        pDevice->usingDefaultSampleRate = MA_TRUE;
    }

    if (config.capture.format == ma_format_unknown) {
        config.capture.format = MA_DEFAULT_FORMAT;
        pDevice->capture.usingDefaultFormat = MA_TRUE;
    }
    if (config.capture.channels == 0) {
        config.capture.channels = MA_DEFAULT_CHANNELS;
        pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannels = MA_TRUE;
    }
    if (config.capture.channelMap[0] == MA_CHANNEL_NONE) {
        pDevice->capture.usingDefaultChannelMap = MA_TRUE;
    }

    if (config.playback.format == ma_format_unknown) {
        config.playback.format = MA_DEFAULT_FORMAT;
        pDevice->playback.usingDefaultFormat = MA_TRUE;
    }
    if (config.playback.channels == 0) {
        config.playback.channels = MA_DEFAULT_CHANNELS;
        pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannels = MA_TRUE;
    }
    if (config.playback.channelMap[0] == MA_CHANNEL_NONE) {
        pDevice->playback.usingDefaultChannelMap = MA_TRUE;
    }


    /* Default periods. */
    if (config.periods == 0) {
        config.periods = MA_DEFAULT_PERIODS;
        pDevice->usingDefaultPeriods = MA_TRUE;
    }

    /*
    Must have at least 3 periods for full-duplex mode. The idea is that the playback and capture positions hang out in the middle period, with the surrounding
    periods acting as a buffer in case the capture and playback devices get's slightly out of sync.
    */
    if (config.deviceType == ma_device_type_duplex && config.periods < 3) {
        config.periods = 3;
    }

    /* Default buffer size. */
    if (config.periodSizeInMilliseconds == 0 && config.periodSizeInFrames == 0) {
        config.periodSizeInMilliseconds = (config.performanceProfile == ma_performance_profile_low_latency) ? MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_LOW_LATENCY : MA_DEFAULT_PERIOD_SIZE_IN_MILLISECONDS_CONSERVATIVE;
        pDevice->usingDefaultBufferSize = MA_TRUE;
    }
    


    pDevice->type = config.deviceType;
    pDevice->sampleRate = config.sampleRate;
    pDevice->resampling.algorithm       = config.resampling.algorithm;
    pDevice->resampling.linear.lpfOrder = config.resampling.linear.lpfOrder;
    pDevice->resampling.speex.quality   = config.resampling.speex.quality;

    pDevice->capture.shareMode   = config.capture.shareMode;
    pDevice->capture.format      = config.capture.format;
    pDevice->capture.channels    = config.capture.channels;
    ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->capture.channelMap, config.capture.channelMap, config.capture.channels);

    pDevice->playback.shareMode  = config.playback.shareMode;
    pDevice->playback.format     = config.playback.format;
    pDevice->playback.channels   = config.playback.channels;
    ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->playback.channelMap, config.playback.channelMap, config.playback.channels);


    /* The internal format, channel count and sample rate can be modified by the backend. */
    pDevice->capture.internalFormat      = pDevice->capture.format;
    pDevice->capture.internalChannels    = pDevice->capture.channels;
    pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate  = pDevice->sampleRate;
    ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->capture.internalChannelMap, pDevice->capture.channelMap, pDevice->capture.channels);

    pDevice->playback.internalFormat     = pDevice->playback.format;
    pDevice->playback.internalChannels   = pDevice->playback.channels;
    pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate = pDevice->sampleRate;
    ma_channel_map_copy(pDevice->playback.internalChannelMap, pDevice->playback.channelMap, pDevice->playback.channels);
    
    result = ma_mutex_init(&pDevice->lock);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to create mutex.", result);
    }

    /*
    When the device is started, the worker thread is the one that does the actual startup of the backend device. We
    use a semaphore to wait for the background thread to finish the work. The same applies for stopping the device.
    
    Each of these semaphores is released internally by the worker thread when the work is completed. The start
    semaphore is also used to wake up the worker thread.
    */
    result = ma_event_init(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_mutex_uninit(&pDevice->lock);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to create worker thread wakeup event.", result);
    }

    result = ma_event_init(&pDevice->startEvent);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);
        ma_mutex_uninit(&pDevice->lock);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to create worker thread start event.", result);
    }

    result = ma_event_init(&pDevice->stopEvent);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->startEvent);
        ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);
        ma_mutex_uninit(&pDevice->lock);
        return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to create worker thread stop event.", result);
    }


    result = pContext->onDeviceInit(pContext, &config, pDevice);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    ma_device__post_init_setup(pDevice, pConfig->deviceType);


    /* If the backend did not fill out a name for the device, try a generic method. */
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        if (pDevice->capture.name[0] == '\0') {
            if (ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id(pContext, ma_device_type_capture, config.capture.pDeviceID, pDevice->capture.name, sizeof(pDevice->capture.name)) != MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_strncpy_s(pDevice->capture.name, sizeof(pDevice->capture.name), (config.capture.pDeviceID == NULL)  ? MA_DEFAULT_CAPTURE_DEVICE_NAME : "Capture Device", (size_t)-1);
            }
        }
    }
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_loopback) {
        if (pDevice->playback.name[0] == '\0') {
            if (ma_context__try_get_device_name_by_id(pContext, ma_device_type_playback, config.playback.pDeviceID, pDevice->playback.name, sizeof(pDevice->playback.name)) != MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_strncpy_s(pDevice->playback.name, sizeof(pDevice->playback.name), (config.playback.pDeviceID == NULL)  ? MA_DEFAULT_PLAYBACK_DEVICE_NAME : "Playback Device", (size_t)-1);
            }
        }
    }


    /* Some backends don't require the worker thread. */
    if (!ma_context_is_backend_asynchronous(pContext)) {
        /* The worker thread. */
        result = ma_thread_create(&pDevice->thread, pContext->threadPriority, pContext->threadStackSize, ma_worker_thread, pDevice);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_device_uninit(pDevice);
            return ma_context_post_error(pContext, NULL, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "Failed to create worker thread.", result);
        }

        /* Wait for the worker thread to put the device into it's stopped state for real. */
        ma_event_wait(&pDevice->stopEvent);
    } else {
        ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPED);
    }


    ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "[%s]", ma_get_backend_name(pDevice->pContext->backend));
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_capture || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "  %s (%s)", pDevice->capture.name, "Capture");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Format:      %s -> %s", ma_get_format_name(pDevice->capture.format), ma_get_format_name(pDevice->capture.internalFormat));
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Channels:    %d -> %d", pDevice->capture.channels, pDevice->capture.internalChannels);
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Sample Rate: %d -> %d", pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->capture.internalSampleRate);
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Buffer Size: %d*%d (%d)", pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->capture.internalPeriods, (pDevice->capture.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * pDevice->capture.internalPeriods));
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Conversion:");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Pre Format Conversion:    %s", pDevice->capture.converter.hasPreFormatConversion  ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Post Format Conversion:   %s", pDevice->capture.converter.hasPostFormatConversion ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Channel Routing:          %s", pDevice->capture.converter.hasChannelConverter     ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Resampling:               %s", pDevice->capture.converter.hasResampler            ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Passthrough:              %s", pDevice->capture.converter.isPassthrough           ? "YES" : "NO");
    }
    if (pDevice->type == ma_device_type_playback || pDevice->type == ma_device_type_duplex) {
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "  %s (%s)", pDevice->playback.name, "Playback");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Format:      %s -> %s", ma_get_format_name(pDevice->playback.format), ma_get_format_name(pDevice->playback.internalFormat));
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Channels:    %d -> %d", pDevice->playback.channels, pDevice->playback.internalChannels);
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Sample Rate: %d -> %d", pDevice->sampleRate, pDevice->playback.internalSampleRate);
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Buffer Size: %d*%d (%d)", pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames, pDevice->playback.internalPeriods, (pDevice->playback.internalPeriodSizeInFrames * pDevice->playback.internalPeriods));
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "    Conversion:");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Pre Format Conversion:    %s", pDevice->playback.converter.hasPreFormatConversion  ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Post Format Conversion:   %s", pDevice->playback.converter.hasPostFormatConversion ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Channel Routing:          %s", pDevice->playback.converter.hasChannelConverter     ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Resampling:               %s", pDevice->playback.converter.hasResampler            ? "YES" : "NO");
        ma_post_log_messagef(pContext, pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "      Passthrough:              %s", pDevice->playback.converter.isPassthrough           ? "YES" : "NO");
    }

    MA_ASSERT(ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STOPPED);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_init_ex(const ma_backend backends[], ma_uint32 backendCount, const ma_context_config* pContextConfig, const ma_device_config* pConfig, ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_context* pContext;
    ma_backend defaultBackends[ma_backend_null+1];
    ma_uint32 iBackend;
    ma_backend* pBackendsToIterate;
    ma_uint32 backendsToIterateCount;
    ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pContextConfig != NULL) {
        result = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&allocationCallbacks, &pContextConfig->allocationCallbacks);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    } else {
        allocationCallbacks = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_default();
    }
    

    pContext = (ma_context*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(sizeof(*pContext), &allocationCallbacks);
    if (pContext == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    for (iBackend = 0; iBackend <= ma_backend_null; ++iBackend) {
        defaultBackends[iBackend] = (ma_backend)iBackend;
    }

    pBackendsToIterate = (ma_backend*)backends;
    backendsToIterateCount = backendCount;
    if (pBackendsToIterate == NULL) {
        pBackendsToIterate = (ma_backend*)defaultBackends;
        backendsToIterateCount = ma_countof(defaultBackends);
    }

    result = MA_NO_BACKEND;

    for (iBackend = 0; iBackend < backendsToIterateCount; ++iBackend) {
        result = ma_context_init(&pBackendsToIterate[iBackend], 1, pContextConfig, pContext);
        if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
            result = ma_device_init(pContext, pConfig, pDevice);
            if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
                break;  /* Success. */
            } else {
                ma_context_uninit(pContext);   /* Failure. */
            }
        }
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pContext, &allocationCallbacks);
        return result;
    }

    pDevice->isOwnerOfContext = MA_TRUE;
    return result;
}

MA_API void ma_device_uninit(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    if (!ma_device__is_initialized(pDevice)) {
        return;
    }

    /* Make sure the device is stopped first. The backends will probably handle this naturally, but I like to do it explicitly for my own sanity. */
    if (ma_device_is_started(pDevice)) {
        ma_device_stop(pDevice);
    }

    /* Putting the device into an uninitialized state will make the worker thread return. */
    ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED);

    /* Wake up the worker thread and wait for it to properly terminate. */
    if (!ma_context_is_backend_asynchronous(pDevice->pContext)) {
        ma_event_signal(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);
        ma_thread_wait(&pDevice->thread);
    }

    pDevice->pContext->onDeviceUninit(pDevice);

    ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->stopEvent);
    ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->startEvent);
    ma_event_uninit(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);
    ma_mutex_uninit(&pDevice->lock);

    if (pDevice->isOwnerOfContext) {
        ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks = pDevice->pContext->allocationCallbacks;

        ma_context_uninit(pDevice->pContext);
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pDevice->pContext, &allocationCallbacks);
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pDevice);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_start(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_start() called with invalid arguments (pDevice == NULL).", MA_INVALID_ARGS);
    }

    if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_start() called for an uninitialized device.", MA_DEVICE_NOT_INITIALIZED);
    }

    if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "ma_device_start() called when the device is already started.", MA_INVALID_OPERATION);  /* Already started. Returning an error to let the application know because it probably means they're doing something wrong. */
    }

    result = MA_ERROR;
    ma_mutex_lock(&pDevice->lock);
    {
        /* Starting and stopping are wrapped in a mutex which means we can assert that the device is in a stopped or paused state. */
        MA_ASSERT(ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STOPPED);

        ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STARTING);

        /* Asynchronous backends need to be handled differently. */
        if (ma_context_is_backend_asynchronous(pDevice->pContext)) {
            result = pDevice->pContext->onDeviceStart(pDevice);
            if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
                ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STARTED);
            }
        } else {
            /*
            Synchronous backends are started by signaling an event that's being waited on in the worker thread. We first wake up the
            thread and then wait for the start event.
            */
            ma_event_signal(&pDevice->wakeupEvent);

            /*
            Wait for the worker thread to finish starting the device. Note that the worker thread will be the one who puts the device
            into the started state. Don't call ma_device__set_state() here.
            */
            ma_event_wait(&pDevice->startEvent);
            result = pDevice->workResult;
        }
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&pDevice->lock);

    return result;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_stop(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_stop() called with invalid arguments (pDevice == NULL).", MA_INVALID_ARGS);
    }

    if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_UNINITIALIZED) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "ma_device_stop() called for an uninitialized device.", MA_DEVICE_NOT_INITIALIZED);
    }

    if (ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STOPPED) {
        return ma_post_error(pDevice, MA_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING, "ma_device_stop() called when the device is already stopped.", MA_INVALID_OPERATION);   /* Already stopped. Returning an error to let the application know because it probably means they're doing something wrong. */
    }

    result = MA_ERROR;
    ma_mutex_lock(&pDevice->lock);
    {
        /* Starting and stopping are wrapped in a mutex which means we can assert that the device is in a started or paused state. */
        MA_ASSERT(ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED);

        ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPING);

        /* There's no need to wake up the thread like we do when starting. */

        if (pDevice->pContext->onDeviceStop) {
            result = pDevice->pContext->onDeviceStop(pDevice);
        } else {
            result = MA_SUCCESS;
        }

        /* Asynchronous backends need to be handled differently. */
        if (ma_context_is_backend_asynchronous(pDevice->pContext)) {
            ma_device__set_state(pDevice, MA_STATE_STOPPED);
        } else {
            /* Synchronous backends. */

            /*
            We need to wait for the worker thread to become available for work before returning. Note that the worker thread will be
            the one who puts the device into the stopped state. Don't call ma_device__set_state() here.
            */
            ma_event_wait(&pDevice->stopEvent);
            result = MA_SUCCESS;
        }
    }
    ma_mutex_unlock(&pDevice->lock);

    return result;
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_device_is_started(ma_device* pDevice)
{
    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    return ma_device__get_state(pDevice) == MA_STATE_STARTED;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_set_master_volume(ma_device* pDevice, float volume)
{
    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (volume < 0.0f || volume > 1.0f) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pDevice->masterVolumeFactor = volume;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_get_master_volume(ma_device* pDevice, float* pVolume)
{
    if (pVolume == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pDevice == NULL) {
        *pVolume = 0;
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pVolume = pDevice->masterVolumeFactor;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_set_master_gain_db(ma_device* pDevice, float gainDB)
{
    if (gainDB > 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_device_set_master_volume(pDevice, ma_gain_db_to_factor(gainDB));
}

MA_API ma_result ma_device_get_master_gain_db(ma_device* pDevice, float* pGainDB)
{
    float factor;
    ma_result result;

    if (pGainDB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    result = ma_device_get_master_volume(pDevice, &factor);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        *pGainDB = 0;
        return result;
    }

    *pGainDB = ma_factor_to_gain_db(factor);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* MA_NO_DEVICE_IO */


MA_API ma_uint32 ma_scale_buffer_size(ma_uint32 baseBufferSize, float scale)
{
    return ma_max(1, (ma_uint32)(baseBufferSize*scale));
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_milliseconds_from_frames(ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames, ma_uint32 sampleRate)
{
    return bufferSizeInFrames / (sampleRate/1000);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_calculate_buffer_size_in_frames_from_milliseconds(ma_uint32 bufferSizeInMilliseconds, ma_uint32 sampleRate)
{
    return bufferSizeInMilliseconds * (sampleRate/1000); 
}

MA_API void ma_copy_pcm_frames(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    if (dst == src) {
        return; /* No-op. */
    }

    ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels));
}

MA_API void ma_silence_pcm_frames(void* p, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    if (format == ma_format_u8) {
        ma_uint64 sampleCount = frameCount * channels;
        ma_uint64 iSample;
        for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
            ((ma_uint8*)p)[iSample] = 128;
        }
    } else {
        ma_zero_memory_64(p, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels));
    }
}

MA_API void* ma_offset_pcm_frames_ptr(void* p, ma_uint64 offsetInFrames, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    return ma_offset_ptr(p, offsetInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels));
}

MA_API const void* ma_offset_pcm_frames_const_ptr(const void* p, ma_uint64 offsetInFrames, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    return ma_offset_ptr(p, offsetInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels));
}


MA_API void ma_clip_samples_f32(float* p, ma_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    ma_uint32 iSample;

    /* TODO: Research a branchless SSE implementation. */
    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        p[iSample] = ma_clip_f32(p[iSample]);
    }
}


MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_u8(ma_uint8* pSamplesOut, const ma_uint8* pSamplesIn, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_uint32 iSample;

    if (pSamplesOut == NULL || pSamplesIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamplesOut[iSample] = (ma_uint8)(pSamplesIn[iSample] * factor);
    }
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s16(ma_int16* pSamplesOut, const ma_int16* pSamplesIn, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_uint32 iSample;

    if (pSamplesOut == NULL || pSamplesIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamplesOut[iSample] = (ma_int16)(pSamplesIn[iSample] * factor);
    }
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s24(void* pSamplesOut, const void* pSamplesIn, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_uint32 iSample;
    ma_uint8* pSamplesOut8;
    ma_uint8* pSamplesIn8;

    if (pSamplesOut == NULL || pSamplesIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    pSamplesOut8 = (ma_uint8*)pSamplesOut;
    pSamplesIn8  = (ma_uint8*)pSamplesIn;

    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        ma_int32 sampleS32;

        sampleS32 = (ma_int32)(((ma_uint32)(pSamplesIn8[iSample*3+0]) << 8) | ((ma_uint32)(pSamplesIn8[iSample*3+1]) << 16) | ((ma_uint32)(pSamplesIn8[iSample*3+2])) << 24);
        sampleS32 = (ma_int32)(sampleS32 * factor);

        pSamplesOut8[iSample*3+0] = (ma_uint8)(((ma_uint32)sampleS32 & 0x0000FF00) >>  8);
        pSamplesOut8[iSample*3+1] = (ma_uint8)(((ma_uint32)sampleS32 & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
        pSamplesOut8[iSample*3+2] = (ma_uint8)(((ma_uint32)sampleS32 & 0xFF000000) >> 24);
    }
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s32(ma_int32* pSamplesOut, const ma_int32* pSamplesIn, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_uint32 iSample;

    if (pSamplesOut == NULL || pSamplesIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamplesOut[iSample] = (ma_int32)(pSamplesIn[iSample] * factor);
    }
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_f32(float* pSamplesOut, const float* pSamplesIn, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_uint32 iSample;

    if (pSamplesOut == NULL || pSamplesIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamplesOut[iSample] = pSamplesIn[iSample] * factor;
    }
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_u8(ma_uint8* pSamples, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_u8(pSamples, pSamples, sampleCount, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_s16(ma_int16* pSamples, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s16(pSamples, pSamples, sampleCount, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_s24(void* pSamples, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s24(pSamples, pSamples, sampleCount, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_s32(ma_int32* pSamples, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s32(pSamples, pSamples, sampleCount, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_f32(float* pSamples, ma_uint32 sampleCount, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_f32(pSamples, pSamples, sampleCount, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_u8(ma_uint8* pPCMFramesOut, const ma_uint8* pPCMFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_u8(pPCMFramesOut, pPCMFramesIn, frameCount*channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s16(ma_int16* pPCMFramesOut, const ma_int16* pPCMFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s16(pPCMFramesOut, pPCMFramesIn, frameCount*channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s24(void* pPCMFramesOut, const void* pPCMFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s24(pPCMFramesOut, pPCMFramesIn, frameCount*channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s32(ma_int32* pPCMFramesOut, const ma_int32* pPCMFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_s32(pPCMFramesOut, pPCMFramesIn, frameCount*channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_f32(float* pPCMFramesOut, const float* pPCMFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_f32(pPCMFramesOut, pPCMFramesIn, frameCount*channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(void* pPCMFramesOut, const void* pPCMFramesIn, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    switch (format)
    {
    case ma_format_u8:  ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_u8 ((ma_uint8*)pPCMFramesOut, (const ma_uint8*)pPCMFramesIn, frameCount, channels, factor); return;
    case ma_format_s16: ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s16((ma_int16*)pPCMFramesOut, (const ma_int16*)pPCMFramesIn, frameCount, channels, factor); return;
    case ma_format_s24: ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s24(           pPCMFramesOut,                  pPCMFramesIn, frameCount, channels, factor); return;
    case ma_format_s32: ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s32((ma_int32*)pPCMFramesOut, (const ma_int32*)pPCMFramesIn, frameCount, channels, factor); return;
    case ma_format_f32: ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_f32(   (float*)pPCMFramesOut,    (const float*)pPCMFramesIn, frameCount, channels, factor); return;
    default: return;    /* Do nothing. */
    }
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_u8(ma_uint8* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_u8(pPCMFrames, pPCMFrames, frameCount, channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s16(ma_int16* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s16(pPCMFrames, pPCMFrames, frameCount, channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s24(void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s24(pPCMFrames, pPCMFrames, frameCount, channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s32(ma_int32* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_s32(pPCMFrames, pPCMFrames, frameCount, channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_f32(float* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames_f32(pPCMFrames, pPCMFrames, frameCount, channels, factor);
}

MA_API void ma_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(void* pPCMFrames, ma_uint32 frameCount, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, float factor)
{
    ma_copy_and_apply_volume_factor_pcm_frames(pPCMFrames, pPCMFrames, frameCount, format, channels, factor);
}


MA_API float ma_factor_to_gain_db(float factor)
{
    return (float)(20*ma_log10f(factor));
}

MA_API float ma_gain_db_to_factor(float gain)
{
    return (float)ma_powf(10, gain/20.0f);
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Format Conversion

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(float x)
{
    return (ma_int16)(x * 32767.0f);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_pcm_sample_u8_to_s16_no_scale(ma_uint8 x)
{
    return (ma_int16)((ma_int16)x - 128);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int64 ma_pcm_sample_s24_to_s32_no_scale(const ma_uint8* x)
{
    return (ma_int64)(((ma_uint64)x[0] << 40) | ((ma_uint64)x[1] << 48) | ((ma_uint64)x[2] << 56)) >> 40;  /* Make sure the sign bits are maintained. */
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_sample_s32_to_s24_no_scale(ma_int64 x, ma_uint8* s24)
{
    s24[0] = (ma_uint8)((x & 0x000000FF) >>  0);
    s24[1] = (ma_uint8)((x & 0x0000FF00) >>  8);
    s24[2] = (ma_uint8)((x & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
}


static MA_INLINE ma_uint8 ma_clip_u8(ma_int16 x)
{
    return (ma_uint8)(ma_clamp(x, -128, 127) + 128);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_clip_s16(ma_int32 x)
{
    return (ma_int16)ma_clamp(x, -32768, 32767);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int64 ma_clip_s24(ma_int64 x)
{
    return (ma_int64)ma_clamp(x, -8388608, 8388607);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int32 ma_clip_s32(ma_int64 x)
{
    /* This dance is to silence warnings with -std=c89. A good compiler should be able to optimize this away. */
    ma_int64 clipMin;
    ma_int64 clipMax;
    clipMin = -((ma_int64)2147483647 + 1);
    clipMax =   (ma_int64)2147483647;

    return (ma_int32)ma_clamp(x, clipMin, clipMax);
}


/* u8 */
MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_u8(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    (void)ditherMode;
    ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src, count * sizeof(ma_uint8));
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int16* dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_u8 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        ma_int16 x = src_u8[i];
        x = (ma_int16)(x - 128);
        x = (ma_int16)(x << 8);
        dst_s16[i] = x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_s16(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_s24 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_u8 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        ma_int16 x = src_u8[i];
        x = (ma_int16)(x - 128);

        dst_s24[i*3+0] = 0;
        dst_s24[i*3+1] = 0;
        dst_s24[i*3+2] = (ma_uint8)((ma_int8)x);
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_s24(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int32* dst_s32 = (ma_int32*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_u8 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        ma_int32 x = src_u8[i];
        x = x - 128;
        x = x << 24;
        dst_s32[i] = x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_s32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    float* dst_f32 = (float*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_u8 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = (float)src_u8[i];
        x = x * 0.00784313725490196078f;    /* 0..255 to 0..2 */
        x = x - 1;                          /* 0..2 to -1..1 */

        dst_f32[i] = x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_u8_to_f32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_u8_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_u8__reference(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_u8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_uint8** src_u8 = (const ma_uint8**)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_u8[iFrame*channels + iChannel] = src_u8[iChannel][iFrame];
        }
    }
}
#else
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_u8__optimized(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_u8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_uint8** src_u8 = (const ma_uint8**)src;

    if (channels == 1) {
        ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src[0], frameCount * sizeof(ma_uint8));
    } else if (channels == 2) {
        ma_uint64 iFrame;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            dst_u8[iFrame*2 + 0] = src_u8[0][iFrame];
            dst_u8[iFrame*2 + 1] = src_u8[1][iFrame];
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint64 iFrame;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            ma_uint32 iChannel;
            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
                dst_u8[iFrame*channels + iChannel] = src_u8[iChannel][iFrame];
            }
        }
    }
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_interleave_u8(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_interleave_u8__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_interleave_u8__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_u8__reference(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_uint8** dst_u8 = (ma_uint8**)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_u8 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_u8[iChannel][iFrame] = src_u8[iFrame*channels + iChannel];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_u8__optimized(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_u8__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_deinterleave_u8(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_u8__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_u8__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


/* s16 */
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_u8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_int16* src_s16 = (const ma_int16*)src;

    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int16 x = src_s16[i];
            x = (ma_int16)(x >> 8);
            x = (ma_int16)(x + 128);
            dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)x;
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int16 x = src_s16[i];

            /* Dither. Don't overflow. */
            ma_int32 dither = ma_dither_s32(ditherMode, -0x80, 0x7F);
            if ((x + dither) <= 0x7FFF) {
                x = (ma_int16)(x + dither);
            } else {
                x = 0x7FFF;
            }

            x = (ma_int16)(x >> 8);
            x = (ma_int16)(x + 128);
            dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)x;
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_u8(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_s16(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    (void)ditherMode;
    ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src, count * sizeof(ma_int16));
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_s24 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_int16* src_s16 = (const ma_int16*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        dst_s24[i*3+0] = 0;
        dst_s24[i*3+1] = (ma_uint8)(src_s16[i] & 0xFF);
        dst_s24[i*3+2] = (ma_uint8)(src_s16[i] >> 8);
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_s24(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int32* dst_s32 = (ma_int32*)dst;
    const ma_int16* src_s16 = (const ma_int16*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        dst_s32[i] = src_s16[i] << 16;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_s32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    float* dst_f32 = (float*)dst;
    const ma_int16* src_s16 = (const ma_int16*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = (float)src_s16[i];

#if 0
        /* The accurate way. */
        x = x + 32768.0f;                   /* -32768..32767 to 0..65535 */
        x = x * 0.00003051804379339284f;    /* 0..65535 to 0..2 */
        x = x - 1;                          /* 0..2 to -1..1 */
#else
        /* The fast way. */
        x = x * 0.000030517578125f;         /* -32768..32767 to -1..0.999969482421875 */
#endif

        dst_f32[i] = x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s16_to_f32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s16_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_s16__reference(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_int16* dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    const ma_int16** src_s16 = (const ma_int16**)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_s16[iFrame*channels + iChannel] = src_s16[iChannel][iFrame];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_s16__optimized(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_interleave_s16__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_interleave_s16(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_interleave_s16__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_interleave_s16__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s16__reference(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_int16** dst_s16 = (ma_int16**)dst;
    const ma_int16* src_s16 = (const ma_int16*)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_s16[iChannel][iFrame] = src_s16[iFrame*channels + iChannel];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s16__optimized(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s16__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s16(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s16__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s16__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


/* s24 */
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_u8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_s24 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)((ma_int8)src_s24[i*3 + 2] + 128);
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int32 x = (ma_int32)(((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+0]) << 8) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+1]) << 16) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+2])) << 24);

            /* Dither. Don't overflow. */
            ma_int32 dither = ma_dither_s32(ditherMode, -0x800000, 0x7FFFFF);
            if ((ma_int64)x + dither <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                x = x + dither;
            } else {
                x = 0x7FFFFFFF;
            }
            
            x = x >> 24;
            x = x + 128;
            dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)x;
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_u8(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int16* dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_s24 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_uint16 dst_lo =            ((ma_uint16)src_s24[i*3 + 1]);
            ma_uint16 dst_hi = (ma_uint16)((ma_uint16)src_s24[i*3 + 2] << 8);
            dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)(dst_lo | dst_hi);
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int32 x = (ma_int32)(((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+0]) << 8) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+1]) << 16) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+2])) << 24);

            /* Dither. Don't overflow. */
            ma_int32 dither = ma_dither_s32(ditherMode, -0x8000, 0x7FFF);
            if ((ma_int64)x + dither <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                x = x + dither;
            } else {
                x = 0x7FFFFFFF;
            }

            x = x >> 16;
            dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_s16(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_s24(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    (void)ditherMode;

    ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src, count * 3);
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int32* dst_s32 = (ma_int32*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_s24 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        dst_s32[i] = (ma_int32)(((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+0]) << 8) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+1]) << 16) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+2])) << 24);
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_s32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    float* dst_f32 = (float*)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src_s24 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = (float)(((ma_int32)(((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+0]) << 8) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+1]) << 16) | ((ma_uint32)(src_s24[i*3+2])) << 24)) >> 8);

#if 0
        /* The accurate way. */
        x = x + 8388608.0f;                 /* -8388608..8388607 to 0..16777215 */
        x = x * 0.00000011920929665621f;    /* 0..16777215 to 0..2 */
        x = x - 1;                          /* 0..2 to -1..1 */
#else
        /* The fast way. */
        x = x * 0.00000011920928955078125f; /* -8388608..8388607 to -1..0.999969482421875 */
#endif

        dst_f32[i] = x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s24_to_f32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s24_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_s24__reference(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_uint8* dst8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_uint8** src8 = (const ma_uint8**)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst8[iFrame*3*channels + iChannel*3 + 0] = src8[iChannel][iFrame*3 + 0];
            dst8[iFrame*3*channels + iChannel*3 + 1] = src8[iChannel][iFrame*3 + 1];
            dst8[iFrame*3*channels + iChannel*3 + 2] = src8[iChannel][iFrame*3 + 2];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_s24__optimized(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_interleave_s24__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_interleave_s24(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_interleave_s24__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_interleave_s24__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s24__reference(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_uint8** dst8 = (ma_uint8**)dst;
    const ma_uint8* src8 = (const ma_uint8*)src;

    ma_uint32 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst8[iChannel][iFrame*3 + 0] = src8[iFrame*3*channels + iChannel*3 + 0];
            dst8[iChannel][iFrame*3 + 1] = src8[iFrame*3*channels + iChannel*3 + 1];
            dst8[iChannel][iFrame*3 + 2] = src8[iFrame*3*channels + iChannel*3 + 2];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s24__optimized(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s24__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s24(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s24__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s24__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}



/* s32 */
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_u8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_int32* src_s32 = (const ma_int32*)src;

    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int32 x = src_s32[i];
            x = x >> 24;
            x = x + 128;
            dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)x;
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int32 x = src_s32[i];

            /* Dither. Don't overflow. */
            ma_int32 dither = ma_dither_s32(ditherMode, -0x800000, 0x7FFFFF);
            if ((ma_int64)x + dither <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                x = x + dither;
            } else {
                x = 0x7FFFFFFF;
            }
            
            x = x >> 24;
            x = x + 128;
            dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)x;
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_u8(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int16* dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    const ma_int32* src_s32 = (const ma_int32*)src;

    if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int32 x = src_s32[i];
            x = x >> 16;
            dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint64 i;
        for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
            ma_int32 x = src_s32[i];

            /* Dither. Don't overflow. */
            ma_int32 dither = ma_dither_s32(ditherMode, -0x8000, 0x7FFF);
            if ((ma_int64)x + dither <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                x = x + dither;
            } else {
                x = 0x7FFFFFFF;
            }
            
            x = x >> 16;
            dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_s16(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_s24 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const ma_int32* src_s32 = (const ma_int32*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        ma_uint32 x = (ma_uint32)src_s32[i];
        dst_s24[i*3+0] = (ma_uint8)((x & 0x0000FF00) >>  8);
        dst_s24[i*3+1] = (ma_uint8)((x & 0x00FF0000) >> 16);
        dst_s24[i*3+2] = (ma_uint8)((x & 0xFF000000) >> 24);
    }

    (void)ditherMode;   /* No dithering for s32 -> s24. */
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_s24(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_s32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    (void)ditherMode;

    ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src, count * sizeof(ma_int32));
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    float* dst_f32 = (float*)dst;
    const ma_int32* src_s32 = (const ma_int32*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        double x = src_s32[i];

#if 0
        x = x + 2147483648.0;
        x = x * 0.0000000004656612873077392578125;
        x = x - 1;
#else
        x = x / 2147483648.0;
#endif

        dst_f32[i] = (float)x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;   /* No dithering for s32 -> f32. */
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_s32_to_f32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_s32_to_f32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_s32__reference(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_int32* dst_s32 = (ma_int32*)dst;
    const ma_int32** src_s32 = (const ma_int32**)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_s32[iFrame*channels + iChannel] = src_s32[iChannel][iFrame];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_interleave_s32__optimized(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_interleave_s32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_interleave_s32(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_interleave_s32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_interleave_s32__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s32__reference(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_int32** dst_s32 = (ma_int32**)dst;
    const ma_int32* src_s32 = (const ma_int32*)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_s32[iChannel][iFrame] = src_s32[iFrame*channels + iChannel];
        }
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s32__optimized(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_deinterleave_s32(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_s32__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


/* f32 */
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint64 i;

    ma_uint8* dst_u8 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const float* src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    float ditherMin = 0;
    float ditherMax = 0;
    if (ditherMode != ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ditherMin = 1.0f / -128;
        ditherMax = 1.0f /  127;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = x + ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */
        x = x + 1;                                  /* -1..1 to 0..2 */
        x = x * 127.5f;                             /* 0..2 to 0..255 */

        dst_u8[i] = (ma_uint8)x;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_u8(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_u8__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}

#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint64 i;

    ma_int16* dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    const float* src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    float ditherMin = 0;
    float ditherMax = 0;
    if (ditherMode != ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ditherMin = 1.0f / -32768;
        ditherMax = 1.0f /  32767;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = x + ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */

#if 0
        /* The accurate way. */
        x = x + 1;                                  /* -1..1 to 0..2 */
        x = x * 32767.5f;                           /* 0..2 to 0..65535 */
        x = x - 32768.0f;                           /* 0...65535 to -32768..32767 */
#else
        /* The fast way. */
        x = x * 32767.0f;                           /* -1..1 to -32767..32767 */
#endif

        dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
    }
}
#else
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint64 i;
    ma_uint64 i4;
    ma_uint64 count4;

    ma_int16* dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    const float* src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    float ditherMin = 0;
    float ditherMax = 0;
    if (ditherMode != ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ditherMin = 1.0f / -32768;
        ditherMax = 1.0f /  32767;
    }

    /* Unrolled. */
    i = 0;
    count4 = count >> 2;
    for (i4 = 0; i4 < count4; i4 += 1) {
        float d0 = ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        float d1 = ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        float d2 = ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        float d3 = ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        
        float x0 = src_f32[i+0];
        float x1 = src_f32[i+1];
        float x2 = src_f32[i+2];
        float x3 = src_f32[i+3];

        x0 = x0 + d0;
        x1 = x1 + d1;
        x2 = x2 + d2;
        x3 = x3 + d3;

        x0 = ((x0 < -1) ? -1 : ((x0 > 1) ? 1 : x0));
        x1 = ((x1 < -1) ? -1 : ((x1 > 1) ? 1 : x1));
        x2 = ((x2 < -1) ? -1 : ((x2 > 1) ? 1 : x2));
        x3 = ((x3 < -1) ? -1 : ((x3 > 1) ? 1 : x3));

        x0 = x0 * 32767.0f;
        x1 = x1 * 32767.0f;
        x2 = x2 * 32767.0f;
        x3 = x3 * 32767.0f;

        dst_s16[i+0] = (ma_int16)x0;
        dst_s16[i+1] = (ma_int16)x1;
        dst_s16[i+2] = (ma_int16)x2;
        dst_s16[i+3] = (ma_int16)x3;

        i += 4;
    }

    /* Leftover. */
    for (; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = x + ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */
        x = x * 32767.0f;                           /* -1..1 to -32767..32767 */

        dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
    }
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint64 i;
    ma_uint64 i8;
    ma_uint64 count8;
    ma_int16* dst_s16;
    const float* src_f32;
    float ditherMin;
    float ditherMax;

    /* Both the input and output buffers need to be aligned to 16 bytes. */
    if ((((ma_uintptr)dst & 15) != 0) || (((ma_uintptr)src & 15) != 0)) {
        ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        return;
    }

    dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    ditherMin = 0;
    ditherMax = 0;
    if (ditherMode != ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ditherMin = 1.0f / -32768;
        ditherMax = 1.0f /  32767;
    }

    i = 0;

    /* SSE2. SSE allows us to output 8 s16's at a time which means our loop is unrolled 8 times. */
    count8 = count >> 3;
    for (i8 = 0; i8 < count8; i8 += 1) {
        __m128 d0;
        __m128 d1;
        __m128 x0;
        __m128 x1;

        if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
            d0 = _mm_set1_ps(0);
            d1 = _mm_set1_ps(0);
        } else if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_rectangle) {
            d0 = _mm_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
            d1 = _mm_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
        } else {
            d0 = _mm_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
            d1 = _mm_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
        }

        x0 = *((__m128*)(src_f32 + i) + 0);
        x1 = *((__m128*)(src_f32 + i) + 1);

        x0 = _mm_add_ps(x0, d0);
        x1 = _mm_add_ps(x1, d1);

        x0 = _mm_mul_ps(x0, _mm_set1_ps(32767.0f));
        x1 = _mm_mul_ps(x1, _mm_set1_ps(32767.0f));

        _mm_stream_si128(((__m128i*)(dst_s16 + i)), _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_cvttps_epi32(x0), _mm_cvttps_epi32(x1)));
        
        i += 8;
    }


    /* Leftover. */
    for (; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = x + ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */
        x = x * 32767.0f;                           /* -1..1 to -32767..32767 */

        dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
    }
}
#endif  /* SSE2 */

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint64 i;
    ma_uint64 i16;
    ma_uint64 count16;
    ma_int16* dst_s16;
    const float* src_f32;
    float ditherMin;
    float ditherMax;

    /* Both the input and output buffers need to be aligned to 32 bytes. */
    if ((((ma_uintptr)dst & 31) != 0) || (((ma_uintptr)src & 31) != 0)) {
        ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        return;
    }

    dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    ditherMin = 0;
    ditherMax = 0;
    if (ditherMode != ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ditherMin = 1.0f / -32768;
        ditherMax = 1.0f /  32767;
    }

    i = 0;

    /* AVX2. AVX2 allows us to output 16 s16's at a time which means our loop is unrolled 16 times. */
    count16 = count >> 4;
    for (i16 = 0; i16 < count16; i16 += 1) {
        __m256 d0;
        __m256 d1;
        __m256 x0;
        __m256 x1;
        __m256i i0;
        __m256i i1;
        __m256i p0;
        __m256i p1;
        __m256i r;

        if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
            d0 = _mm256_set1_ps(0);
            d1 = _mm256_set1_ps(0);
        } else if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_rectangle) {
            d0 = _mm256_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
            d1 = _mm256_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
        } else {
            d0 = _mm256_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
            d1 = _mm256_set_ps(
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax),
                ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax)
            );
        }

        x0 = *((__m256*)(src_f32 + i) + 0);
        x1 = *((__m256*)(src_f32 + i) + 1);

        x0 = _mm256_add_ps(x0, d0);
        x1 = _mm256_add_ps(x1, d1);

        x0 = _mm256_mul_ps(x0, _mm256_set1_ps(32767.0f));
        x1 = _mm256_mul_ps(x1, _mm256_set1_ps(32767.0f));

        /* Computing the final result is a little more complicated for AVX2 than SSE2. */
        i0 = _mm256_cvttps_epi32(x0);
        i1 = _mm256_cvttps_epi32(x1);
        p0 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(i0, i1, 0 | 32);
        p1 = _mm256_permute2x128_si256(i0, i1, 1 | 48);
        r  = _mm256_packs_epi32(p0, p1);

        _mm256_stream_si256(((__m256i*)(dst_s16 + i)), r);

        i += 16;
    }


    /* Leftover. */
    for (; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = x + ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */
        x = x * 32767.0f;                           /* -1..1 to -32767..32767 */

        dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
    }
}
#endif  /* AVX2 */

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint64 i;
    ma_uint64 i8;
    ma_uint64 count8;
    ma_int16* dst_s16;
    const float* src_f32;
    float ditherMin;
    float ditherMax;

    if (!ma_has_neon()) {
        return ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
    }

    /* Both the input and output buffers need to be aligned to 16 bytes. */
    if ((((ma_uintptr)dst & 15) != 0) || (((ma_uintptr)src & 15) != 0)) {
        ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        return;
    }

    dst_s16 = (ma_int16*)dst;
    src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    ditherMin = 0;
    ditherMax = 0;
    if (ditherMode != ma_dither_mode_none) {
        ditherMin = 1.0f / -32768;
        ditherMax = 1.0f /  32767;
    }

    i = 0;

    /* NEON. NEON allows us to output 8 s16's at a time which means our loop is unrolled 8 times. */
    count8 = count >> 3;
    for (i8 = 0; i8 < count8; i8 += 1) {
        float32x4_t d0;
        float32x4_t d1;
        float32x4_t x0;
        float32x4_t x1;
        int32x4_t i0;
        int32x4_t i1;

        if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_none) {
            d0 = vmovq_n_f32(0);
            d1 = vmovq_n_f32(0);
        } else if (ditherMode == ma_dither_mode_rectangle) {
            float d0v[4];
            d0v[0] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0v[1] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0v[2] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0v[3] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0 = vld1q_f32(d0v);

            float d1v[4];
            d1v[0] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1v[1] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1v[2] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1v[3] = ma_dither_f32_rectangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1 = vld1q_f32(d1v);
        } else {
            float d0v[4];
            d0v[0] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0v[1] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0v[2] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0v[3] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d0 = vld1q_f32(d0v);

            float d1v[4];
            d1v[0] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1v[1] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1v[2] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1v[3] = ma_dither_f32_triangle(ditherMin, ditherMax);
            d1 = vld1q_f32(d1v);
        }

        x0 = *((float32x4_t*)(src_f32 + i) + 0);
        x1 = *((float32x4_t*)(src_f32 + i) + 1);

        x0 = vaddq_f32(x0, d0);
        x1 = vaddq_f32(x1, d1);

        x0 = vmulq_n_f32(x0, 32767.0f);
        x1 = vmulq_n_f32(x1, 32767.0f);

        i0 = vcvtq_s32_f32(x0);
        i1 = vcvtq_s32_f32(x1);
        *((int16x8_t*)(dst_s16 + i)) = vcombine_s16(vqmovn_s32(i0), vqmovn_s32(i1));

        i += 8;
    }


    /* Leftover. */
    for (; i < count; i += 1) {
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = x + ma_dither_f32(ditherMode, ditherMin, ditherMax);
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */
        x = x * 32767.0f;                           /* -1..1 to -32767..32767 */

        dst_s16[i] = (ma_int16)x;
    }
}
#endif  /* Neon */
#endif  /* MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS */

MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_s16(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s16__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_uint8* dst_s24 = (ma_uint8*)dst;
    const float* src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    ma_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        ma_int32 r;
        float x = src_f32[i];
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */

#if 0
        /* The accurate way. */
        x = x + 1;                                  /* -1..1 to 0..2 */
        x = x * 8388607.5f;                         /* 0..2 to 0..16777215 */
        x = x - 8388608.0f;                         /* 0..16777215 to -8388608..8388607 */
#else
        /* The fast way. */
        x = x * 8388607.0f;                         /* -1..1 to -8388607..8388607 */
#endif

        r = (ma_int32)x;
        dst_s24[(i*3)+0] = (ma_uint8)((r & 0x0000FF) >>  0);
        dst_s24[(i*3)+1] = (ma_uint8)((r & 0x00FF00) >>  8);
        dst_s24[(i*3)+2] = (ma_uint8)((r & 0xFF0000) >> 16);
    }

    (void)ditherMode;   /* No dithering for f32 -> s24. */
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_s24(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s24__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__reference(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_int32* dst_s32 = (ma_int32*)dst;
    const float* src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    ma_uint32 i;
    for (i = 0; i < count; i += 1) {
        double x = src_f32[i];
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));    /* clip */

#if 0
        /* The accurate way. */
        x = x + 1;                                  /* -1..1 to 0..2 */
        x = x * 2147483647.5;                       /* 0..2 to 0..4294967295 */
        x = x - 2147483648.0;                       /* 0...4294967295 to -2147483648..2147483647 */
#else
        /* The fast way. */
        x = x * 2147483647.0;                       /* -1..1 to -2147483647..2147483647 */
#endif

        dst_s32[i] = (ma_int32)x;
    }

    (void)ditherMode;   /* No dithering for f32 -> s32. */
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__optimized(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}

#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__sse2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_AVX2)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__avx2(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif
#if defined(MA_SUPPORT_NEON)
static MA_INLINE void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__neon(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
}
#endif

MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_s32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__reference(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
#else
    #  if MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_AVX2
        if (ma_has_avx2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__avx2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_SSE2
        if (ma_has_sse2()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__sse2(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #elif MA_PREFERRED_SIMD == MA_SIMD_NEON
        if (ma_has_neon()) {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__neon(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        } else
    #endif
        {
            ma_pcm_f32_to_s32__optimized(dst, src, count, ditherMode);
        }
#endif
}


MA_API void ma_pcm_f32_to_f32(void* dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 count, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    (void)ditherMode;

    ma_copy_memory_64(dst, src, count * sizeof(float));
}


static void ma_pcm_interleave_f32__reference(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    float* dst_f32 = (float*)dst;
    const float** src_f32 = (const float**)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_f32[iFrame*channels + iChannel] = src_f32[iChannel][iFrame];
        }
    }
}

static void ma_pcm_interleave_f32__optimized(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_interleave_f32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_interleave_f32(void* dst, const void** src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_interleave_f32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_interleave_f32__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


static void ma_pcm_deinterleave_f32__reference(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    float** dst_f32 = (float**)dst;
    const float* src_f32 = (const float*)src;

    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; iChannel += 1) {
            dst_f32[iChannel][iFrame] = src_f32[iFrame*channels + iChannel];
        }
    }
}

static void ma_pcm_deinterleave_f32__optimized(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_f32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_deinterleave_f32(void** dst, const void* src, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels)
{
#ifdef MA_USE_REFERENCE_CONVERSION_APIS
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_f32__reference(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#else
    ma_pcm_deinterleave_f32__optimized(dst, src, frameCount, channels);
#endif
}


MA_API void ma_pcm_convert(void* pOut, ma_format formatOut, const void* pIn, ma_format formatIn, ma_uint64 sampleCount, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    if (formatOut == formatIn) {
        ma_copy_memory_64(pOut, pIn, sampleCount * ma_get_bytes_per_sample(formatOut));
        return;
    }

    switch (formatIn)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            switch (formatOut)
            {
                case ma_format_s16: ma_pcm_u8_to_s16(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s24: ma_pcm_u8_to_s24(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s32: ma_pcm_u8_to_s32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_f32: ma_pcm_u8_to_f32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                default: break;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            switch (formatOut)
            {
                case ma_format_u8:  ma_pcm_s16_to_u8( pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s24: ma_pcm_s16_to_s24(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s32: ma_pcm_s16_to_s32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_f32: ma_pcm_s16_to_f32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                default: break;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            switch (formatOut)
            {
                case ma_format_u8:  ma_pcm_s24_to_u8( pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s16: ma_pcm_s24_to_s16(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s32: ma_pcm_s24_to_s32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_f32: ma_pcm_s24_to_f32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                default: break;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            switch (formatOut)
            {
                case ma_format_u8:  ma_pcm_s32_to_u8( pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s16: ma_pcm_s32_to_s16(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s24: ma_pcm_s32_to_s24(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_f32: ma_pcm_s32_to_f32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                default: break;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            switch (formatOut)
            {
                case ma_format_u8:  ma_pcm_f32_to_u8( pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s16: ma_pcm_f32_to_s16(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s24: ma_pcm_f32_to_s24(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                case ma_format_s32: ma_pcm_f32_to_s32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount, ditherMode); return;
                default: break;
            }
        } break;

        default: break;
    }
}

MA_API void ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(void* pOut, ma_format formatOut, const void* pIn, ma_format formatIn, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint32 channels, ma_dither_mode ditherMode)
{
    ma_pcm_convert(pOut, formatOut, pIn, formatIn, frameCount * channels, ditherMode);
}

MA_API void ma_deinterleave_pcm_frames(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint64 frameCount, const void* pInterleavedPCMFrames, void** ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames)
{
    if (pInterleavedPCMFrames == NULL || ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames == NULL) {
        return; /* Invalid args. */
    }

    /* For efficiency we do this per format. */
    switch (format) {
        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            const ma_int16* pSrcS16 = (const ma_int16*)pInterleavedPCMFrames;
            ma_uint64 iPCMFrame;
            for (iPCMFrame = 0; iPCMFrame < frameCount; ++iPCMFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
                    ma_int16* pDstS16 = (ma_int16*)ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames[iChannel];
                    pDstS16[iPCMFrame] = pSrcS16[iPCMFrame*channels+iChannel];
                }
            }
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            const float* pSrcF32 = (const float*)pInterleavedPCMFrames;
            ma_uint64 iPCMFrame;
            for (iPCMFrame = 0; iPCMFrame < frameCount; ++iPCMFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
                    float* pDstF32 = (float*)ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames[iChannel];
                    pDstF32[iPCMFrame] = pSrcF32[iPCMFrame*channels+iChannel];
                }
            }
        } break;
        
        default:
        {
            ma_uint32 sampleSizeInBytes = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format);
            ma_uint64 iPCMFrame;
            for (iPCMFrame = 0; iPCMFrame < frameCount; ++iPCMFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
                          void* pDst = ma_offset_ptr(ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames[iChannel], iPCMFrame*sampleSizeInBytes);
                    const void* pSrc = ma_offset_ptr(pInterleavedPCMFrames, (iPCMFrame*channels+iChannel)*sampleSizeInBytes);
                    memcpy(pDst, pSrc, sampleSizeInBytes);
                }
            }
        } break;
    }
}

MA_API void ma_interleave_pcm_frames(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint64 frameCount, const void** ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames, void* pInterleavedPCMFrames)
{
    switch (format)
    {
        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            ma_int16* pDstS16 = (ma_int16*)pInterleavedPCMFrames;
            ma_uint64 iPCMFrame;
            for (iPCMFrame = 0; iPCMFrame < frameCount; ++iPCMFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
                    const ma_int16* pSrcS16 = (const ma_int16*)ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames[iChannel];
                    pDstS16[iPCMFrame*channels+iChannel] = pSrcS16[iPCMFrame];
                }
            }
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            float* pDstF32 = (float*)pInterleavedPCMFrames;
            ma_uint64 iPCMFrame;
            for (iPCMFrame = 0; iPCMFrame < frameCount; ++iPCMFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
                    const float* pSrcF32 = (const float*)ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames[iChannel];
                    pDstF32[iPCMFrame*channels+iChannel] = pSrcF32[iPCMFrame];
                }
            }
        } break;
    
        default:
        {
            ma_uint32 sampleSizeInBytes = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(format);
            ma_uint64 iPCMFrame;
            for (iPCMFrame = 0; iPCMFrame < frameCount; ++iPCMFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
                          void* pDst = ma_offset_ptr(pInterleavedPCMFrames, (iPCMFrame*channels+iChannel)*sampleSizeInBytes);
                    const void* pSrc = ma_offset_ptr(ppDeinterleavedPCMFrames[iChannel], iPCMFrame*sampleSizeInBytes);
                    memcpy(pDst, pSrc, sampleSizeInBytes);
                }
            }
        } break;
    }
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Biquad Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT
#define MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT 14
#endif

static ma_int32 ma_biquad_float_to_fp(double x)
{
    return (ma_int32)(x * (1 << MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT));
}

MA_API ma_biquad_config ma_biquad_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, double b0, double b1, double b2, double a0, double a1, double a2)
{
    ma_biquad_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.b0 = b0;
    config.b1 = b1;
    config.b2 = b2;
    config.a0 = a0;
    config.a1 = a1;
    config.a2 = a2;

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_init(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, ma_biquad* pBQ)
{
    if (pBQ == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pBQ);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_reinit(pConfig, pBQ);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_reinit(const ma_biquad_config* pConfig, ma_biquad* pBQ)
{
    if (pBQ == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConfig->a0 == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Division by zero. */
    }

    /* Only supporting f32 and s16. */
    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The format cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pBQ->format != ma_format_unknown && pBQ->format != pConfig->format) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* The channel count cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pBQ->channels != 0 && pBQ->channels != pConfig->channels) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }


    pBQ->format   = pConfig->format;
    pBQ->channels = pConfig->channels;

    /* Normalize. */
    if (pConfig->format == ma_format_f32) {
        pBQ->b0.f32 = (float)(pConfig->b0 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->b1.f32 = (float)(pConfig->b1 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->b2.f32 = (float)(pConfig->b2 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->a1.f32 = (float)(pConfig->a1 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->a2.f32 = (float)(pConfig->a2 / pConfig->a0);
    } else {
        pBQ->b0.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(pConfig->b0 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->b1.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(pConfig->b1 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->b2.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(pConfig->b2 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->a1.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(pConfig->a1 / pConfig->a0);
        pBQ->a2.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(pConfig->a2 / pConfig->a0);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32__direct_form_2_transposed(ma_biquad* pBQ, float* pY, const float* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    const float b0 = pBQ->b0.f32;
    const float b1 = pBQ->b1.f32;
    const float b2 = pBQ->b2.f32;
    const float a1 = pBQ->a1.f32;
    const float a2 = pBQ->a2.f32;
    
    for (c = 0; c < pBQ->channels; c += 1) {
        float r1 = pBQ->r1[c].f32;
        float r2 = pBQ->r2[c].f32;
        float x  = pX[c];
        float y;

        y  = b0*x        + r1;
        r1 = b1*x - a1*y + r2;
        r2 = b2*x - a2*y;

        pY[c]          = y;
        pBQ->r1[c].f32 = r1;
        pBQ->r2[c].f32 = r2;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_biquad* pBQ, float* pY, const float* pX)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32__direct_form_2_transposed(pBQ, pY, pX);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16__direct_form_2_transposed(ma_biquad* pBQ, ma_int16* pY, const ma_int16* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    const ma_int32 b0 = pBQ->b0.s32;
    const ma_int32 b1 = pBQ->b1.s32;
    const ma_int32 b2 = pBQ->b2.s32;
    const ma_int32 a1 = pBQ->a1.s32;
    const ma_int32 a2 = pBQ->a2.s32;
    
    for (c = 0; c < pBQ->channels; c += 1) {
        ma_int32 r1 = pBQ->r1[c].s32;
        ma_int32 r2 = pBQ->r2[c].s32;
        ma_int32 x  = pX[c];
        ma_int32 y;

        y  = (b0*x        + r1) >> MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT;
        r1 = (b1*x - a1*y + r2);
        r2 = (b2*x - a2*y);

        pY[c]          = (ma_int16)ma_clamp(y, -32768, 32767);
        pBQ->r1[c].s32 = r1;
        pBQ->r2[c].s32 = r2;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_biquad* pBQ, ma_int16* pY, const ma_int16* pX)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16__direct_form_2_transposed(pBQ, pY, pX);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(ma_biquad* pBQ, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 n;

    if (pBQ == NULL || pFramesOut == NULL || pFramesIn == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Note that the logic below needs to support in-place filtering. That is, it must support the case where pFramesOut and pFramesIn are the same. */

    if (pBQ->format == ma_format_f32) {
        /* */ float* pY = (      float*)pFramesOut;
        const float* pX = (const float*)pFramesIn;

        for (n = 0; n < frameCount; n += 1) {
            ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32__direct_form_2_transposed(pBQ, pY, pX);
            pY += pBQ->channels;
            pX += pBQ->channels;
        }
    } else if (pBQ->format == ma_format_s16) {
        /* */ ma_int16* pY = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        const ma_int16* pX = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

        for (n = 0; n < frameCount; n += 1) {
            ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16__direct_form_2_transposed(pBQ, pY, pX);
            pY += pBQ->channels;
            pX += pBQ->channels;
        }
    } else {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Format not supported. Should never hit this because it's checked in ma_biquad_init() and ma_biquad_reinit(). */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_biquad_get_latency(ma_biquad* pBQ)
{
    if (pBQ == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return 2;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Low-Pass Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_lpf1_config ma_lpf1_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency)
{
    ma_lpf1_config config;
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.q = 0.5;

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_lpf2_config ma_lpf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, double q)
{
    ma_lpf2_config config;
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.q = q;

    /* Q cannot be 0 or else it'll result in a division by 0. In this case just default to 0.707107. */
    if (config.q == 0) {
        config.q = 0.707107;
    }

    return config;
}


MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_init(const ma_lpf1_config* pConfig, ma_lpf1* pLPF)
{
    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pLPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_lpf1_reinit(pConfig, pLPF);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_reinit(const ma_lpf1_config* pConfig, ma_lpf1* pLPF)
{
    double a;

    if (pLPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Only supporting f32 and s16. */
    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The format cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pLPF->format != ma_format_unknown && pLPF->format != pConfig->format) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* The channel count cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pLPF->channels != 0 && pLPF->channels != pConfig->channels) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    pLPF->format   = pConfig->format;
    pLPF->channels = pConfig->channels;

    a = ma_exp(-2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->cutoffFrequency / pConfig->sampleRate);
    if (pConfig->format == ma_format_f32) {
        pLPF->a.f32 = (float)a;
    } else {
        pLPF->a.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(a);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_lpf1* pLPF, float* pY, const float* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    const float a = pLPF->a.f32;
    const float b = 1 - a;
    
    for (c = 0; c < pLPF->channels; c += 1) {
        float r1 = pLPF->r1[c].f32;
        float x  = pX[c];
        float y;

        y = b*x + a*r1;

        pY[c]           = y;
        pLPF->r1[c].f32 = y;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_lpf1* pLPF, ma_int16* pY, const ma_int16* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    const ma_int32 a = pLPF->a.s32;
    const ma_int32 b = ((1 << MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT) - a);
    
    for (c = 0; c < pLPF->channels; c += 1) {
        ma_int32 r1 = pLPF->r1[c].s32;
        ma_int32 x  = pX[c];
        ma_int32 y;

        y = (b*x + a*r1) >> MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT;

        pY[c]           = (ma_int16)y;
        pLPF->r1[c].s32 = (ma_int32)y;
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frames(ma_lpf1* pLPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 n;

    if (pLPF == NULL || pFramesOut == NULL || pFramesIn == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Note that the logic below needs to support in-place filtering. That is, it must support the case where pFramesOut and pFramesIn are the same. */

    if (pLPF->format == ma_format_f32) {
        /* */ float* pY = (      float*)pFramesOut;
        const float* pX = (const float*)pFramesIn;

        for (n = 0; n < frameCount; n += 1) {
            ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frame_f32(pLPF, pY, pX);
            pY += pLPF->channels;
            pX += pLPF->channels;
        }
    } else if (pLPF->format == ma_format_s16) {
        /* */ ma_int16* pY = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        const ma_int16* pX = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

        for (n = 0; n < frameCount; n += 1) {
            ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frame_s16(pLPF, pY, pX);
            pY += pLPF->channels;
            pX += pLPF->channels;
        }
    } else {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Format not supported. Should never hit this because it's checked in ma_biquad_init() and ma_biquad_reinit(). */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_lpf1_get_latency(ma_lpf1* pLPF)
{
    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_lpf2__get_biquad_config(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double q;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double a;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    q = pConfig->q;
    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->cutoffFrequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    a = s / (2*q);

    bqConfig.b0 = (1 - c) / 2;
    bqConfig.b1 =  1 - c;
    bqConfig.b2 = (1 - c) / 2;
    bqConfig.a0 =  1 + a;
    bqConfig.a1 = -2 * c;
    bqConfig.a2 =  1 - a;

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_init(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig, ma_lpf2* pLPF)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pLPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_lpf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pLPF->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_reinit(const ma_lpf2_config* pConfig, ma_lpf2* pLPF)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pLPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_lpf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pLPF->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_lpf2* pLPF, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pLPF->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_lpf2* pLPF, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pLPF->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_lpf2* pLPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pLPF->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_lpf2_get_latency(ma_lpf2* pLPF)
{
    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pLPF->bq);
}


MA_API ma_lpf_config ma_lpf_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order)
{
    ma_lpf_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format          = format;
    config.channels        = channels;
    config.sampleRate      = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.order           = ma_min(order, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);

    return config;
}

static ma_result ma_lpf_reinit__internal(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, ma_lpf* pLPF, ma_bool32 isNew)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 lpf1Count;
    ma_uint32 lpf2Count;
    ma_uint32 ilpf1;
    ma_uint32 ilpf2;

    if (pLPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Only supporting f32 and s16. */
    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The format cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pLPF->format != ma_format_unknown && pLPF->format != pConfig->format) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* The channel count cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pLPF->channels != 0 && pLPF->channels != pConfig->channels) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (pConfig->order > MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    lpf1Count = pConfig->order % 2;
    lpf2Count = pConfig->order / 2;

    MA_ASSERT(lpf1Count <= ma_countof(pLPF->lpf1));
    MA_ASSERT(lpf2Count <= ma_countof(pLPF->lpf2));

    /* The filter order can't change between reinits. */
    if (!isNew) {
        if (pLPF->lpf1Count != lpf1Count || pLPF->lpf2Count != lpf2Count) {
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }
    }

    for (ilpf1 = 0; ilpf1 < lpf1Count; ilpf1 += 1) {
        ma_lpf1_config lpf1Config = ma_lpf1_config_init(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->cutoffFrequency);

        if (isNew) {
            result = ma_lpf1_init(&lpf1Config, &pLPF->lpf1[ilpf1]);
        } else {
            result = ma_lpf1_reinit(&lpf1Config, &pLPF->lpf1[ilpf1]);
        }

        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    for (ilpf2 = 0; ilpf2 < lpf2Count; ilpf2 += 1) {
        ma_lpf2_config lpf2Config;
        double q;
        double a;

        /* Tempting to use 0.707107, but won't result in a Butterworth filter if the order is > 2. */
        if (lpf1Count == 1) {
            a = (1 + ilpf2*1) * (MA_PI_D/(pConfig->order*1));   /* Odd order. */
        } else {
            a = (1 + ilpf2*2) * (MA_PI_D/(pConfig->order*2));   /* Even order. */
        }
        q = 1 / (2*ma_cos(a));

        lpf2Config = ma_lpf2_config_init(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->cutoffFrequency, q);

        if (isNew) {
            result = ma_lpf2_init(&lpf2Config, &pLPF->lpf2[ilpf2]);
        } else {
            result = ma_lpf2_reinit(&lpf2Config, &pLPF->lpf2[ilpf2]);
        }

        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    pLPF->lpf1Count = lpf1Count;
    pLPF->lpf2Count = lpf2Count;
    pLPF->format    = pConfig->format;
    pLPF->channels  = pConfig->channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_init(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, ma_lpf* pLPF)
{
    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pLPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_lpf_reinit__internal(pConfig, pLPF, /*isNew*/MA_TRUE);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_reinit(const ma_lpf_config* pConfig, ma_lpf* pLPF)
{
    return ma_lpf_reinit__internal(pConfig, pLPF, /*isNew*/MA_FALSE);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_lpf* pLPF, float* pY, const void* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 ilpf1;
    ma_uint32 ilpf2;

    MA_ASSERT(pLPF->format == ma_format_f32);

    MA_COPY_MEMORY(pY, pX, ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pLPF->format, pLPF->channels));

    for (ilpf1 = 0; ilpf1 < pLPF->lpf1Count; ilpf1 += 1) {
        ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pLPF->lpf1[ilpf1], pY, pY);
    }

    for (ilpf2 = 0; ilpf2 < pLPF->lpf2Count; ilpf2 += 1) {
        ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pLPF->lpf2[ilpf2], pY, pY);
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_lpf* pLPF, ma_int16* pY, const ma_int16* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 ilpf1;
    ma_uint32 ilpf2;

    MA_ASSERT(pLPF->format == ma_format_s16);

    MA_COPY_MEMORY(pY, pX, ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pLPF->format, pLPF->channels));

    for (ilpf1 = 0; ilpf1 < pLPF->lpf1Count; ilpf1 += 1) {
        ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pLPF->lpf1[ilpf1], pY, pY);
    }

    for (ilpf2 = 0; ilpf2 < pLPF->lpf2Count; ilpf2 += 1) {
        ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pLPF->lpf2[ilpf2], pY, pY);
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_lpf_process_pcm_frames(ma_lpf* pLPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 ilpf1;
    ma_uint32 ilpf2;

    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Faster path for in-place. */
    if (pFramesOut == pFramesIn) {
        for (ilpf1 = 0; ilpf1 < pLPF->lpf1Count; ilpf1 += 1) {
            result = ma_lpf1_process_pcm_frames(&pLPF->lpf1[ilpf1], pFramesOut, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }
        }

        for (ilpf2 = 0; ilpf2 < pLPF->lpf2Count; ilpf2 += 1) {
            result = ma_lpf2_process_pcm_frames(&pLPF->lpf2[ilpf2], pFramesOut, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Slightly slower path for copying. */
    if (pFramesOut != pFramesIn) {
        ma_uint32 iFrame;

        /*  */ if (pLPF->format == ma_format_f32) {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_f32(pLPF, pFramesOutF32, pFramesInF32);
                pFramesOutF32 += pLPF->channels;
                pFramesInF32  += pLPF->channels;
            }
        } else if (pLPF->format == ma_format_s16) {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_s16(pLPF, pFramesOutS16, pFramesInS16);
                pFramesOutS16 += pLPF->channels;
                pFramesInS16  += pLPF->channels;
            }
        } else {
            MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Should never hit this. */
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_lpf_get_latency(ma_lpf* pLPF)
{
    if (pLPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return pLPF->lpf2Count*2 + pLPF->lpf1Count;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

High-Pass Filtering

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_hpf1_config ma_hpf1_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency)
{
    ma_hpf1_config config;
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_hpf2_config ma_hpf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, double q)
{
    ma_hpf2_config config;
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.q = q;

    /* Q cannot be 0 or else it'll result in a division by 0. In this case just default to 0.707107. */
    if (config.q == 0) {
        config.q = 0.707107;
    }

    return config;
}


MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_init(const ma_hpf1_config* pConfig, ma_hpf1* pHPF)
{
    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pHPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_hpf1_reinit(pConfig, pHPF);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_reinit(const ma_hpf1_config* pConfig, ma_hpf1* pHPF)
{
    double a;

    if (pHPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Only supporting f32 and s16. */
    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The format cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pHPF->format != ma_format_unknown && pHPF->format != pConfig->format) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* The channel count cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pHPF->channels != 0 && pHPF->channels != pConfig->channels) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    pHPF->format   = pConfig->format;
    pHPF->channels = pConfig->channels;

    a = ma_exp(-2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->cutoffFrequency / pConfig->sampleRate);
    if (pConfig->format == ma_format_f32) {
        pHPF->a.f32 = (float)a;
    } else {
        pHPF->a.s32 = ma_biquad_float_to_fp(a);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_hpf1* pHPF, float* pY, const float* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    const float a = 1 - pHPF->a.f32;
    const float b = 1 - a;
    
    for (c = 0; c < pHPF->channels; c += 1) {
        float r1 = pHPF->r1[c].f32;
        float x  = pX[c];
        float y;

        y = b*x - a*r1;

        pY[c]           = y;
        pHPF->r1[c].f32 = y;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_hpf1* pHPF, ma_int16* pY, const ma_int16* pX)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    const ma_int32 a = ((1 << MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT) - pHPF->a.s32);
    const ma_int32 b = ((1 << MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT) - a);
    
    for (c = 0; c < pHPF->channels; c += 1) {
        ma_int32 r1 = pHPF->r1[c].s32;
        ma_int32 x  = pX[c];
        ma_int32 y;

        y = (b*x - a*r1) >> MA_BIQUAD_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT;

        pY[c]           = (ma_int16)y;
        pHPF->r1[c].s32 = (ma_int32)y;
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frames(ma_hpf1* pHPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 n;

    if (pHPF == NULL || pFramesOut == NULL || pFramesIn == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Note that the logic below needs to support in-place filtering. That is, it must support the case where pFramesOut and pFramesIn are the same. */

    if (pHPF->format == ma_format_f32) {
        /* */ float* pY = (      float*)pFramesOut;
        const float* pX = (const float*)pFramesIn;

        for (n = 0; n < frameCount; n += 1) {
            ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frame_f32(pHPF, pY, pX);
            pY += pHPF->channels;
            pX += pHPF->channels;
        }
    } else if (pHPF->format == ma_format_s16) {
        /* */ ma_int16* pY = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        const ma_int16* pX = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

        for (n = 0; n < frameCount; n += 1) {
            ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frame_s16(pHPF, pY, pX);
            pY += pHPF->channels;
            pX += pHPF->channels;
        }
    } else {
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Format not supported. Should never hit this because it's checked in ma_biquad_init() and ma_biquad_reinit(). */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hpf1_get_latency(ma_hpf1* pHPF)
{
    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return 1;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_hpf2__get_biquad_config(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double q;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double a;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    q = pConfig->q;
    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->cutoffFrequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    a = s / (2*q);

    bqConfig.b0 =  (1 + c) / 2;
    bqConfig.b1 = -(1 + c);
    bqConfig.b2 =  (1 + c) / 2;
    bqConfig.a0 =   1 + a;
    bqConfig.a1 =  -2 * c;
    bqConfig.a2 =   1 - a;

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_init(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig, ma_hpf2* pHPF)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pHPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_hpf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pHPF->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_reinit(const ma_hpf2_config* pConfig, ma_hpf2* pHPF)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pHPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_hpf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pHPF->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_hpf2* pHPF, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pHPF->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_hpf2* pHPF, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pHPF->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_hpf2* pHPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pHPF->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hpf2_get_latency(ma_hpf2* pHPF)
{
    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pHPF->bq);
}


MA_API ma_hpf_config ma_hpf_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order)
{
    ma_hpf_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format          = format;
    config.channels        = channels;
    config.sampleRate      = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.order           = ma_min(order, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);

    return config;
}

static ma_result ma_hpf_reinit__internal(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, ma_hpf* pHPF, ma_bool32 isNew)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 hpf1Count;
    ma_uint32 hpf2Count;
    ma_uint32 ihpf1;
    ma_uint32 ihpf2;

    if (pHPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Only supporting f32 and s16. */
    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The format cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pHPF->format != ma_format_unknown && pHPF->format != pConfig->format) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* The channel count cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pHPF->channels != 0 && pHPF->channels != pConfig->channels) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (pConfig->order > MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    hpf1Count = pConfig->order % 2;
    hpf2Count = pConfig->order / 2;

    MA_ASSERT(hpf1Count <= ma_countof(pHPF->hpf1));
    MA_ASSERT(hpf2Count <= ma_countof(pHPF->hpf2));

    /* The filter order can't change between reinits. */
    if (!isNew) {
        if (pHPF->hpf1Count != hpf1Count || pHPF->hpf2Count != hpf2Count) {
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }
    }

    for (ihpf1 = 0; ihpf1 < hpf1Count; ihpf1 += 1) {
        ma_hpf1_config hpf1Config = ma_hpf1_config_init(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->cutoffFrequency);

        if (isNew) {
            result = ma_hpf1_init(&hpf1Config, &pHPF->hpf1[ihpf1]);
        } else {
            result = ma_hpf1_reinit(&hpf1Config, &pHPF->hpf1[ihpf1]);
        }

        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    for (ihpf2 = 0; ihpf2 < hpf2Count; ihpf2 += 1) {
        ma_hpf2_config hpf2Config;
        double q;
        double a;

        /* Tempting to use 0.707107, but won't result in a Butterworth filter if the order is > 2. */
        if (hpf1Count == 1) {
            a = (1 + ihpf2*1) * (MA_PI_D/(pConfig->order*1));   /* Odd order. */
        } else {
            a = (1 + ihpf2*2) * (MA_PI_D/(pConfig->order*2));   /* Even order. */
        }
        q = 1 / (2*ma_cos(a));

        hpf2Config = ma_hpf2_config_init(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->cutoffFrequency, q);

        if (isNew) {
            result = ma_hpf2_init(&hpf2Config, &pHPF->hpf2[ihpf2]);
        } else {
            result = ma_hpf2_reinit(&hpf2Config, &pHPF->hpf2[ihpf2]);
        }

        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    pHPF->hpf1Count = hpf1Count;
    pHPF->hpf2Count = hpf2Count;
    pHPF->format    = pConfig->format;
    pHPF->channels  = pConfig->channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_init(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, ma_hpf* pHPF)
{
    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pHPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_hpf_reinit__internal(pConfig, pHPF, /*isNew*/MA_TRUE);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_reinit(const ma_hpf_config* pConfig, ma_hpf* pHPF)
{
    return ma_hpf_reinit__internal(pConfig, pHPF, /*isNew*/MA_FALSE);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hpf_process_pcm_frames(ma_hpf* pHPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 ihpf1;
    ma_uint32 ihpf2;

    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Faster path for in-place. */
    if (pFramesOut == pFramesIn) {
        for (ihpf1 = 0; ihpf1 < pHPF->hpf1Count; ihpf1 += 1) {
            result = ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frames(&pHPF->hpf1[ihpf1], pFramesOut, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }
        }

        for (ihpf2 = 0; ihpf2 < pHPF->hpf2Count; ihpf2 += 1) {
            result = ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frames(&pHPF->hpf2[ihpf2], pFramesOut, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Slightly slower path for copying. */
    if (pFramesOut != pFramesIn) {
        ma_uint32 iFrame;

        /*  */ if (pHPF->format == ma_format_f32) {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                MA_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutF32, pFramesInF32, ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pHPF->format, pHPF->channels));

                for (ihpf1 = 0; ihpf1 < pHPF->hpf1Count; ihpf1 += 1) {
                    ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pHPF->hpf1[ihpf1], pFramesOutF32, pFramesOutF32);
                }

                for (ihpf2 = 0; ihpf2 < pHPF->hpf2Count; ihpf2 += 1) {
                    ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pHPF->hpf2[ihpf2], pFramesOutF32, pFramesOutF32);
                }

                pFramesOutF32 += pHPF->channels;
                pFramesInF32  += pHPF->channels;
            }
        } else if (pHPF->format == ma_format_s16) {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                MA_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutS16, pFramesInS16, ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pHPF->format, pHPF->channels));

                for (ihpf1 = 0; ihpf1 < pHPF->hpf1Count; ihpf1 += 1) {
                    ma_hpf1_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pHPF->hpf1[ihpf1], pFramesOutS16, pFramesOutS16);
                }

                for (ihpf2 = 0; ihpf2 < pHPF->hpf2Count; ihpf2 += 1) {
                    ma_hpf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pHPF->hpf2[ihpf2], pFramesOutS16, pFramesOutS16);
                }

                pFramesOutS16 += pHPF->channels;
                pFramesInS16  += pHPF->channels;
            }
        } else {
            MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Should never hit this. */
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hpf_get_latency(ma_hpf* pHPF)
{
    if (pHPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return pHPF->hpf2Count*2 + pHPF->hpf1Count;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Band-Pass Filtering

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_bpf2_config ma_bpf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, double q)
{
    ma_bpf2_config config;
    
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.q = q;

    /* Q cannot be 0 or else it'll result in a division by 0. In this case just default to 0.707107. */
    if (config.q == 0) {
        config.q = 0.707107;
    }

    return config;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_bpf2__get_biquad_config(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double q;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double a;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    q = pConfig->q;
    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->cutoffFrequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    a = s / (2*q);

    bqConfig.b0 =  q * a;
    bqConfig.b1 =  0;
    bqConfig.b2 = -q * a;
    bqConfig.a0 =  1 + a;
    bqConfig.a1 = -2 * c;
    bqConfig.a2 =  1 - a;

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_init(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig, ma_bpf2* pBPF)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pBPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pBPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_bpf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pBPF->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_reinit(const ma_bpf2_config* pConfig, ma_bpf2* pBPF)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pBPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_bpf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pBPF->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_bpf2* pBPF, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pBPF->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_bpf2* pBPF, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pBPF->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_bpf2* pBPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pBPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pBPF->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_bpf2_get_latency(ma_bpf2* pBPF)
{
    if (pBPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pBPF->bq);
}


MA_API ma_bpf_config ma_bpf_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double cutoffFrequency, ma_uint32 order)
{
    ma_bpf_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format          = format;
    config.channels        = channels;
    config.sampleRate      = sampleRate;
    config.cutoffFrequency = cutoffFrequency;
    config.order           = ma_min(order, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);

    return config;
}

static ma_result ma_bpf_reinit__internal(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, ma_bpf* pBPF, ma_bool32 isNew)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 bpf2Count;
    ma_uint32 ibpf2;

    if (pBPF == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Only supporting f32 and s16. */
    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The format cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pBPF->format != ma_format_unknown && pBPF->format != pConfig->format) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    /* The channel count cannot be changed after initialization. */
    if (pBPF->channels != 0 && pBPF->channels != pConfig->channels) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
    }

    if (pConfig->order > MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* We must have an even number of order. */
    if ((pConfig->order & 0x1) != 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bpf2Count = pConfig->order / 2;

    MA_ASSERT(bpf2Count <= ma_countof(pBPF->bpf2));

    /* The filter order can't change between reinits. */
    if (!isNew) {
        if (pBPF->bpf2Count != bpf2Count) {
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }
    }

    for (ibpf2 = 0; ibpf2 < bpf2Count; ibpf2 += 1) {
        ma_bpf2_config bpf2Config;
        double q;

        /* TODO: Calculate Q to make this a proper Butterworth filter. */
        q = 0.707107;

        bpf2Config = ma_bpf2_config_init(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRate, pConfig->cutoffFrequency, q);

        if (isNew) {
            result = ma_bpf2_init(&bpf2Config, &pBPF->bpf2[ibpf2]);
        } else {
            result = ma_bpf2_reinit(&bpf2Config, &pBPF->bpf2[ibpf2]);
        }

        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    pBPF->bpf2Count = bpf2Count;
    pBPF->format    = pConfig->format;
    pBPF->channels  = pConfig->channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_init(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, ma_bpf* pBPF)
{
    if (pBPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pBPF);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_bpf_reinit__internal(pConfig, pBPF, /*isNew*/MA_TRUE);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_reinit(const ma_bpf_config* pConfig, ma_bpf* pBPF)
{
    return ma_bpf_reinit__internal(pConfig, pBPF, /*isNew*/MA_FALSE);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_bpf_process_pcm_frames(ma_bpf* pBPF, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 ibpf2;

    if (pBPF == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Faster path for in-place. */
    if (pFramesOut == pFramesIn) {
        for (ibpf2 = 0; ibpf2 < pBPF->bpf2Count; ibpf2 += 1) {
            result = ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frames(&pBPF->bpf2[ibpf2], pFramesOut, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Slightly slower path for copying. */
    if (pFramesOut != pFramesIn) {
        ma_uint32 iFrame;

        /*  */ if (pBPF->format == ma_format_f32) {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                MA_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutF32, pFramesInF32, ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pBPF->format, pBPF->channels));

                for (ibpf2 = 0; ibpf2 < pBPF->bpf2Count; ibpf2 += 1) {
                    ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pBPF->bpf2[ibpf2], pFramesOutF32, pFramesOutF32);
                }

                pFramesOutF32 += pBPF->channels;
                pFramesInF32  += pBPF->channels;
            }
        } else if (pBPF->format == ma_format_s16) {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                MA_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutS16, pFramesInS16, ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pBPF->format, pBPF->channels));

                for (ibpf2 = 0; ibpf2 < pBPF->bpf2Count; ibpf2 += 1) {
                    ma_bpf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pBPF->bpf2[ibpf2], pFramesOutS16, pFramesOutS16);
                }

                pFramesOutS16 += pBPF->channels;
                pFramesInS16  += pBPF->channels;
            }
        } else {
            MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Should never hit this. */
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_bpf_get_latency(ma_bpf* pBPF)
{
    if (pBPF == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return pBPF->bpf2Count*2;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Notching Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_notch2_config ma_notch2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double q, double frequency)
{
    ma_notch2_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format     = format;
    config.channels   = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.q          = q;
    config.frequency  = frequency;

    if (config.q == 0) {
        config.q = 0.707107;
    }

    return config;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_notch2__get_biquad_config(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double q;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double a;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    q = pConfig->q;
    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->frequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    a = s / (2*q);

    bqConfig.b0 =  1;
    bqConfig.b1 = -2 * c;
    bqConfig.b2 =  1;
    bqConfig.a0 =  1 + a;
    bqConfig.a1 = -2 * c;
    bqConfig.a2 =  1 - a;

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_init(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig, ma_notch2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pFilter);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_notch2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_reinit(const ma_notch2_config* pConfig, ma_notch2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_notch2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_notch2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_notch2* pFilter, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_notch2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_notch2* pFilter, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_notch2_process_pcm_frames(ma_notch2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pFilter->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_notch2_get_latency(ma_notch2* pFilter)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pFilter->bq);
}



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Peaking EQ Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_peak2_config ma_peak2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double q, double frequency)
{
    ma_peak2_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format     = format;
    config.channels   = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.gainDB     = gainDB;
    config.q          = q;
    config.frequency  = frequency;

    if (config.q == 0) {
        config.q = 0.707107;
    }

    return config;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_peak2__get_biquad_config(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double q;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double a;
    double A;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    q = pConfig->q;
    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->frequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    a = s / (2*q);
    A = ma_pow(10, (pConfig->gainDB / 40));

    bqConfig.b0 =  1 + (a * A);
    bqConfig.b1 = -2 * c;
    bqConfig.b2 =  1 - (a * A);
    bqConfig.a0 =  1 + (a / A);
    bqConfig.a1 = -2 * c;
    bqConfig.a2 =  1 - (a / A);

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_init(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig, ma_peak2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pFilter);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_peak2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_reinit(const ma_peak2_config* pConfig, ma_peak2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_peak2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_peak2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_peak2* pFilter, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_peak2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_peak2* pFilter, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_peak2_process_pcm_frames(ma_peak2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pFilter->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_peak2_get_latency(ma_peak2* pFilter)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pFilter->bq);
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Low Shelf Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_loshelf2_config ma_loshelf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double shelfSlope, double frequency)
{
    ma_loshelf2_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format     = format;
    config.channels   = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.gainDB     = gainDB;
    config.shelfSlope = shelfSlope;
    config.frequency  = frequency;

    return config;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_loshelf2__get_biquad_config(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double A;
    double S;
    double a;
    double sqrtA;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->frequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    A = ma_pow(10, (pConfig->gainDB / 40));
    S = pConfig->shelfSlope;
    a = s/2 * ma_sqrt((A + 1/A) * (1/S - 1) + 2);
    sqrtA = 2*ma_sqrt(A)*a;

    bqConfig.b0 =  A * ((A + 1) - (A - 1)*c + sqrtA);
    bqConfig.b1 =  2 * A * ((A - 1) - (A + 1)*c);
    bqConfig.b2 =  A * ((A + 1) - (A - 1)*c - sqrtA);
    bqConfig.a0 =  (A + 1) + (A - 1)*c + sqrtA;
    bqConfig.a1 = -2 * ((A - 1) + (A + 1)*c);
    bqConfig.a2 =  (A + 1) + (A - 1)*c - sqrtA;

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_init(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig, ma_loshelf2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pFilter);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_loshelf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_reinit(const ma_loshelf2_config* pConfig, ma_loshelf2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_loshelf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_loshelf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_loshelf2* pFilter, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_loshelf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_loshelf2* pFilter, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_loshelf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_loshelf2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pFilter->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_loshelf2_get_latency(ma_loshelf2* pFilter)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pFilter->bq);
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

High Shelf Filter

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_hishelf2_config ma_hishelf2_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, double gainDB, double shelfSlope, double frequency)
{
    ma_hishelf2_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format     = format;
    config.channels   = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.gainDB     = gainDB;
    config.shelfSlope = shelfSlope;
    config.frequency  = frequency;

    return config;
}


static MA_INLINE ma_biquad_config ma_hishelf2__get_biquad_config(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;
    double w;
    double s;
    double c;
    double A;
    double S;
    double a;
    double sqrtA;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    w = 2 * MA_PI_D * pConfig->frequency / pConfig->sampleRate;
    s = ma_sin(w);
    c = ma_cos(w);
    A = ma_pow(10, (pConfig->gainDB / 40));
    S = pConfig->shelfSlope;
    a = s/2 * ma_sqrt((A + 1/A) * (1/S - 1) + 2);
    sqrtA = 2*ma_sqrt(A)*a;

    bqConfig.b0 =  A * ((A + 1) + (A - 1)*c + sqrtA);
    bqConfig.b1 = -2 * A * ((A - 1) + (A + 1)*c);
    bqConfig.b2 =  A * ((A + 1) + (A - 1)*c - sqrtA);
    bqConfig.a0 =  (A + 1) - (A - 1)*c + sqrtA;
    bqConfig.a1 =  2 * ((A - 1) - (A + 1)*c);
    bqConfig.a2 =  (A + 1) - (A - 1)*c - sqrtA;

    bqConfig.format   = pConfig->format;
    bqConfig.channels = pConfig->channels;

    return bqConfig;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_init(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig, ma_hishelf2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pFilter);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_hishelf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_init(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_reinit(const ma_hishelf2_config* pConfig, ma_hishelf2* pFilter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_biquad_config bqConfig;

    if (pFilter == NULL || pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    bqConfig = ma_hishelf2__get_biquad_config(pConfig);
    result = ma_biquad_reinit(&bqConfig, &pFilter->bq);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_hishelf2_process_pcm_frame_s16(ma_hishelf2* pFilter, ma_int16* pFrameOut, const ma_int16* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_hishelf2_process_pcm_frame_f32(ma_hishelf2* pFilter, float* pFrameOut, const float* pFrameIn)
{
    ma_biquad_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pFilter->bq, pFrameOut, pFrameIn);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_hishelf2_process_pcm_frames(ma_hishelf2* pFilter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_biquad_process_pcm_frames(&pFilter->bq, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_hishelf2_get_latency(ma_hishelf2* pFilter)
{
    if (pFilter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_biquad_get_latency(&pFilter->bq);
}



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Resampling

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_linear_resampler_config ma_linear_resampler_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut)
{
    ma_linear_resampler_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format           = format;
    config.channels         = channels;
    config.sampleRateIn     = sampleRateIn;
    config.sampleRateOut    = sampleRateOut;
    config.lpfOrder         = ma_min(MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);
    config.lpfNyquistFactor = 1;

    return config;
}

static void ma_linear_resampler_adjust_timer_for_new_rate(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint32 oldSampleRateOut, ma_uint32 newSampleRateOut)
{
    /*
    So what's happening here? Basically we need to adjust the fractional component of the time advance based on the new rate. The old time advance will
    be based on the old sample rate, but we are needing to adjust it to that it's based on the new sample rate.
    */
    ma_uint32 oldRateTimeWhole = pResampler->inTimeFrac / oldSampleRateOut;  /* <-- This should almost never be anything other than 0, but leaving it here to make this more general and robust just in case. */
    ma_uint32 oldRateTimeFract = pResampler->inTimeFrac % oldSampleRateOut;

    pResampler->inTimeFrac =
         (oldRateTimeWhole * newSampleRateOut) +
        ((oldRateTimeFract * newSampleRateOut) / oldSampleRateOut);

    /* Make sure the fractional part is less than the output sample rate. */
    pResampler->inTimeInt += pResampler->inTimeFrac / pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
    pResampler->inTimeFrac = pResampler->inTimeFrac % pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
}

static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_internal(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut, ma_bool32 isResamplerAlreadyInitialized)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint32 gcf;
    ma_uint32 lpfSampleRate;
    double lpfCutoffFrequency;
    ma_lpf_config lpfConfig;
    ma_uint32 oldSampleRateOut; /* Required for adjusting time advance down the bottom. */

    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (sampleRateIn == 0 || sampleRateOut == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    oldSampleRateOut = pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;

    pResampler->config.sampleRateIn  = sampleRateIn;
    pResampler->config.sampleRateOut = sampleRateOut;

    /* Simplify the sample rate. */
    gcf = ma_gcf_u32(pResampler->config.sampleRateIn, pResampler->config.sampleRateOut);
    pResampler->config.sampleRateIn  /= gcf;
    pResampler->config.sampleRateOut /= gcf;

    /* Always initialize the low-pass filter, even when the order is 0. */
    if (pResampler->config.lpfOrder > MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    lpfSampleRate      = (ma_uint32)(ma_max(pResampler->config.sampleRateIn, pResampler->config.sampleRateOut));
    lpfCutoffFrequency = (   double)(ma_min(pResampler->config.sampleRateIn, pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) * 0.5 * pResampler->config.lpfNyquistFactor);

    lpfConfig = ma_lpf_config_init(pResampler->config.format, pResampler->config.channels, lpfSampleRate, lpfCutoffFrequency, pResampler->config.lpfOrder);

    /*
    If the resampler is alreay initialized we don't want to do a fresh initialization of the low-pass filter because it will result in the cached frames
    getting cleared. Instead we re-initialize the filter which will maintain any cached frames.
    */
    if (isResamplerAlreadyInitialized) {
        result = ma_lpf_reinit(&lpfConfig, &pResampler->lpf);
    } else {
        result = ma_lpf_init(&lpfConfig, &pResampler->lpf);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }


    pResampler->inAdvanceInt  = pResampler->config.sampleRateIn / pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
    pResampler->inAdvanceFrac = pResampler->config.sampleRateIn % pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;

    /* Our timer was based on the old rate. We need to adjust it so that it's based on the new rate. */
    ma_linear_resampler_adjust_timer_for_new_rate(pResampler, oldSampleRateOut, pResampler->config.sampleRateOut);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_init(const ma_linear_resampler_config* pConfig, ma_linear_resampler* pResampler)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pResampler);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pResampler->config = *pConfig;

    /* Setting the rate will set up the filter and time advances for us. */
    result = ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_internal(pResampler, pConfig->sampleRateIn, pConfig->sampleRateOut, /* isResamplerAlreadyInitialized = */ MA_FALSE);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pResampler->inTimeInt  = 1;  /* Set this to one to force an input sample to always be loaded for the first output frame. */
    pResampler->inTimeFrac = 0;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API void ma_linear_resampler_uninit(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return;
    }
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_linear_resampler_mix_s16(ma_int16 x, ma_int16 y, ma_int32 a, const ma_int32 shift)
{
    ma_int32 b;
    ma_int32 c;
    ma_int32 r;

    MA_ASSERT(a <= (1<<shift));

    b = x * ((1<<shift) - a);
    c = y * a;
    r = b + c;
    
    return (ma_int16)(r >> shift);
}

static void ma_linear_resampler_interpolate_frame_s16(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_int16* pFrameOut)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    ma_uint32 a;
    const ma_uint32 shift = 12;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameOut  != NULL);

    a = (pResampler->inTimeFrac << shift) / pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;

    for (c = 0; c < pResampler->config.channels; c += 1) {
        ma_int16 s = ma_linear_resampler_mix_s16(pResampler->x0.s16[c], pResampler->x1.s16[c], a, shift);
        pFrameOut[c] = s;
    }
}


static void ma_linear_resampler_interpolate_frame_f32(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, float* pFrameOut)
{
    ma_uint32 c;
    float a;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameOut  != NULL);

    a = (float)pResampler->inTimeFrac / pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;

    for (c = 0; c < pResampler->config.channels; c += 1) {
        float s = ma_mix_f32_fast(pResampler->x0.f32[c], pResampler->x1.f32[c], a);
        pFrameOut[c] = s;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_s16_downsample(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    const ma_int16* pFramesInS16;
    /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler     != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountOut != NULL);

    pFramesInS16       = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;
    pFramesOutS16      = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
    frameCountIn       = *pFrameCountIn;
    frameCountOut      = *pFrameCountOut;
    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        /* Before interpolating we need to load the buffers. When doing this we need to ensure we run every input sample through the filter. */
        while (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0 && frameCountIn > framesProcessedIn) {
            ma_uint32 iChannel;

            if (pFramesInS16 != NULL) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.s16[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel] = pFramesInS16[iChannel];
                }
                pFramesInS16 += pResampler->config.channels;
            } else {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.s16[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel] = 0;
                }
            }

            /* Filter. */
            ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pResampler->lpf, pResampler->x1.s16, pResampler->x1.s16);

            framesProcessedIn     += 1;
            pResampler->inTimeInt -= 1;
        }

        if (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0) {
            break;  /* Ran out of input data. */
        }

        /* Getting here means the frames have been loaded and filtered and we can generate the next output frame. */
        if (pFramesOutS16 != NULL) {
            MA_ASSERT(pResampler->inTimeInt == 0);
            ma_linear_resampler_interpolate_frame_s16(pResampler, pFramesOutS16);

            pFramesOutS16 += pResampler->config.channels;
        }

        framesProcessedOut += 1;

        /* Advance time forward. */
        pResampler->inTimeInt  += pResampler->inAdvanceInt;
        pResampler->inTimeFrac += pResampler->inAdvanceFrac;
        if (pResampler->inTimeFrac >= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) {
            pResampler->inTimeFrac -= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
            pResampler->inTimeInt  += 1;
        }
    }

    *pFrameCountIn  = framesProcessedIn;
    *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_s16_upsample(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    const ma_int16* pFramesInS16;
    /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler     != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountOut != NULL);

    pFramesInS16       = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;
    pFramesOutS16      = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
    frameCountIn       = *pFrameCountIn;
    frameCountOut      = *pFrameCountOut;
    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        /* Before interpolating we need to load the buffers. */
        while (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0 && frameCountIn > framesProcessedIn) {
            ma_uint32 iChannel;

            if (pFramesInS16 != NULL) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.s16[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel] = pFramesInS16[iChannel];
                }
                pFramesInS16 += pResampler->config.channels;
            } else {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.s16[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.s16[iChannel] = 0;
                }
            }

            framesProcessedIn     += 1;
            pResampler->inTimeInt -= 1;
        }

        if (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0) {
            break;  /* Ran out of input data. */
        }

        /* Getting here means the frames have been loaded and we can generate the next output frame. */
        if (pFramesOutS16 != NULL) {
            MA_ASSERT(pResampler->inTimeInt == 0);
            ma_linear_resampler_interpolate_frame_s16(pResampler, pFramesOutS16);

            /* Filter. */
            ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_s16(&pResampler->lpf, pFramesOutS16, pFramesOutS16);

            pFramesOutS16 += pResampler->config.channels;
        }

        framesProcessedOut += 1;

        /* Advance time forward. */
        pResampler->inTimeInt  += pResampler->inAdvanceInt;
        pResampler->inTimeFrac += pResampler->inAdvanceFrac;
        if (pResampler->inTimeFrac >= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) {
            pResampler->inTimeFrac -= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
            pResampler->inTimeInt  += 1;
        }
    }

    *pFrameCountIn  = framesProcessedIn;
    *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_s16(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);

    if (pResampler->config.sampleRateIn > pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) {
        return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_s16_downsample(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    } else {
        return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_s16_upsample(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    }
}


static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_f32_downsample(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    const float* pFramesInF32;
    /* */ float* pFramesOutF32;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler     != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountOut != NULL);

    pFramesInF32       = (const float*)pFramesIn;
    pFramesOutF32      = (      float*)pFramesOut;
    frameCountIn       = *pFrameCountIn;
    frameCountOut      = *pFrameCountOut;
    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        /* Before interpolating we need to load the buffers. When doing this we need to ensure we run every input sample through the filter. */
        while (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0 && frameCountIn > framesProcessedIn) {
            ma_uint32 iChannel;

            if (pFramesInF32 != NULL) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.f32[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel] = pFramesInF32[iChannel];
                }
                pFramesInF32 += pResampler->config.channels;
            } else {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.f32[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel] = 0;
                }
            }

            /* Filter. */
            ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pResampler->lpf, pResampler->x1.f32, pResampler->x1.f32);

            framesProcessedIn     += 1;
            pResampler->inTimeInt -= 1;
        }

        if (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0) {
            break;  /* Ran out of input data. */
        }

        /* Getting here means the frames have been loaded and filtered and we can generate the next output frame. */
        if (pFramesOutF32 != NULL) {
            MA_ASSERT(pResampler->inTimeInt == 0);
            ma_linear_resampler_interpolate_frame_f32(pResampler, pFramesOutF32);

            pFramesOutF32 += pResampler->config.channels;
        }

        framesProcessedOut += 1;

        /* Advance time forward. */
        pResampler->inTimeInt  += pResampler->inAdvanceInt;
        pResampler->inTimeFrac += pResampler->inAdvanceFrac;
        if (pResampler->inTimeFrac >= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) {
            pResampler->inTimeFrac -= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
            pResampler->inTimeInt  += 1;
        }
    }

    *pFrameCountIn  = framesProcessedIn;
    *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_f32_upsample(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    const float* pFramesInF32;
    /* */ float* pFramesOutF32;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler     != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountOut != NULL);

    pFramesInF32       = (const float*)pFramesIn;
    pFramesOutF32      = (      float*)pFramesOut;
    frameCountIn       = *pFrameCountIn;
    frameCountOut      = *pFrameCountOut;
    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        /* Before interpolating we need to load the buffers. */
        while (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0 && frameCountIn > framesProcessedIn) {
            ma_uint32 iChannel;

            if (pFramesInF32 != NULL) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.f32[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel] = pFramesInF32[iChannel];
                }
                pFramesInF32 += pResampler->config.channels;
            } else {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pResampler->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pResampler->x0.f32[iChannel] = pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel];
                    pResampler->x1.f32[iChannel] = 0;
                }
            }

            framesProcessedIn     += 1;
            pResampler->inTimeInt -= 1;
        }

        if (pResampler->inTimeInt > 0) {
            break;  /* Ran out of input data. */
        }

        /* Getting here means the frames have been loaded and we can generate the next output frame. */
        if (pFramesOutF32 != NULL) {
            MA_ASSERT(pResampler->inTimeInt == 0);
            ma_linear_resampler_interpolate_frame_f32(pResampler, pFramesOutF32);

            /* Filter. */
            ma_lpf_process_pcm_frame_f32(&pResampler->lpf, pFramesOutF32, pFramesOutF32);

            pFramesOutF32 += pResampler->config.channels;
        }

        framesProcessedOut += 1;

        /* Advance time forward. */
        pResampler->inTimeInt  += pResampler->inAdvanceInt;
        pResampler->inTimeFrac += pResampler->inAdvanceFrac;
        if (pResampler->inTimeFrac >= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) {
            pResampler->inTimeFrac -= pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
            pResampler->inTimeInt  += 1;
        }
    }

    *pFrameCountIn  = framesProcessedIn;
    *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_f32(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);

    if (pResampler->config.sampleRateIn > pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) {
        return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_f32_downsample(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    } else {
        return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_f32_upsample(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    }
}


MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /*  */ if (pResampler->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_s16(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    } else if (pResampler->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames_f32(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    } else {
        /* Should never get here. Getting here means the format is not supported and you didn't check the return value of ma_linear_resampler_init(). */
        MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
}


MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_set_rate(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut)
{
    return ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_internal(pResampler, sampleRateIn, sampleRateOut, /* isResamplerAlreadyInitialized = */ MA_TRUE);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_ratio(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, float ratioInOut)
{
    ma_uint32 n;
    ma_uint32 d;

    d = 1000;
    n = (ma_uint32)(ratioInOut * d);

    if (n == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Ratio too small. */
    }

    MA_ASSERT(n != 0);
    
    return ma_linear_resampler_set_rate(pResampler, n, d);
}


MA_API ma_uint64 ma_linear_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 inputFrameCount;

    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (outputFrameCount == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* Any whole input frames are consumed before the first output frame is generated. */
    inputFrameCount = pResampler->inTimeInt;
    outputFrameCount -= 1;

    /* The rest of the output frames can be calculated in constant time. */
    inputFrameCount += outputFrameCount * pResampler->inAdvanceInt;
    inputFrameCount += (pResampler->inTimeFrac + (outputFrameCount * pResampler->inAdvanceFrac)) / pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;

    return inputFrameCount;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_linear_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 outputFrameCount;
    ma_uint64 preliminaryInputFrameCountFromFrac;
    ma_uint64 preliminaryInputFrameCount;
    
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    /*
    The first step is to get a preliminary output frame count. This will either be exactly equal to what we need, or less by 1. We need to
    determine how many input frames will be consumed by this value. If it's greater than our original input frame count it means we won't
    be able to generate an extra frame because we will have run out of input data. Otherwise we will have enough input for the generation
    of an extra output frame. This add-by-one logic is necessary due to how the data loading logic works when processing frames.
    */
    outputFrameCount = (inputFrameCount * pResampler->config.sampleRateOut) / pResampler->config.sampleRateIn;

    /*
    We need to determine how many *whole* input frames will have been processed to generate our preliminary output frame count. This is
    used in the logic below to determine whether or not we need to add an extra output frame.
    */
    preliminaryInputFrameCountFromFrac = (pResampler->inTimeFrac + outputFrameCount*pResampler->inAdvanceFrac) / pResampler->config.sampleRateOut;
    preliminaryInputFrameCount         = (pResampler->inTimeInt  + outputFrameCount*pResampler->inAdvanceInt ) + preliminaryInputFrameCountFromFrac;

    /*
    If the total number of *whole* input frames that would be required to generate our preliminary output frame count is greather than
    the amount of whole input frames we have available as input we need to *not* add an extra output frame as there won't be enough data
    to actually process. Otherwise we need to add the extra output frame.
    */
    if (preliminaryInputFrameCount <= inputFrameCount) {
        outputFrameCount += 1;
    }

    return outputFrameCount;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_linear_resampler_get_input_latency(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return 1 + ma_lpf_get_latency(&pResampler->lpf);
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_linear_resampler_get_output_latency(ma_linear_resampler* pResampler)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_linear_resampler_get_input_latency(pResampler) * pResampler->config.sampleRateOut / pResampler->config.sampleRateIn;
}


#if defined(ma_speex_resampler_h)
#define MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER

static ma_result ma_result_from_speex_err(int err)
{
    switch (err)
    {
        case RESAMPLER_ERR_SUCCESS:      return MA_SUCCESS;
        case RESAMPLER_ERR_ALLOC_FAILED: return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        case RESAMPLER_ERR_BAD_STATE:    return MA_ERROR;
        case RESAMPLER_ERR_INVALID_ARG:  return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case RESAMPLER_ERR_PTR_OVERLAP:  return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        case RESAMPLER_ERR_OVERFLOW:     return MA_ERROR;
        default: return MA_ERROR;
    }
}
#endif  /* ma_speex_resampler_h */

MA_API ma_resampler_config ma_resampler_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut, ma_resample_algorithm algorithm)
{
    ma_resampler_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRateIn = sampleRateIn;
    config.sampleRateOut = sampleRateOut;
    config.algorithm = algorithm;

    /* Linear. */
    config.linear.lpfOrder = ma_min(MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);
    config.linear.lpfNyquistFactor = 1;

    /* Speex. */
    config.speex.quality = 3;   /* Cannot leave this as 0 as that is actually a valid value for Speex resampling quality. */

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_init(const ma_resampler_config* pConfig, ma_resampler* pResampler)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pResampler);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConfig->format != ma_format_f32 && pConfig->format != ma_format_s16) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pResampler->config = *pConfig;

    switch (pConfig->algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            ma_linear_resampler_config linearConfig;
            linearConfig = ma_linear_resampler_config_init(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRateIn, pConfig->sampleRateOut);
            linearConfig.lpfOrder         = pConfig->linear.lpfOrder;
            linearConfig.lpfNyquistFactor = pConfig->linear.lpfNyquistFactor;

            result = ma_linear_resampler_init(&linearConfig, &pResampler->state.linear);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            int speexErr;
            pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState = speex_resampler_init(pConfig->channels, pConfig->sampleRateIn, pConfig->sampleRateOut, pConfig->speex.quality, &speexErr);
            if (pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState == NULL) {
                return ma_result_from_speex_err(speexErr);
            }
        #else
            /* Speex resampler not available. */
            return MA_NO_BACKEND;
        #endif
        } break;

        default: return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API void ma_resampler_uninit(ma_resampler* pResampler)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (pResampler->config.algorithm == ma_resample_algorithm_linear) {
        ma_linear_resampler_uninit(&pResampler->state.linear);
    }

#if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
    if (pResampler->config.algorithm == ma_resample_algorithm_speex) {
        speex_resampler_destroy((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState);
    }
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read__linear(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pResampler->state.linear, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
}

#if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
static ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read__speex(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    int speexErr;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    unsigned int framesPerIteration = UINT_MAX;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler     != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut     != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn  != NULL);

    /*
    Reading from the Speex resampler requires a bit of dancing around for a few reasons. The first thing is that it's frame counts
    are in unsigned int's whereas ours is in ma_uint64. We therefore need to run the conversion in a loop. The other, more complicated
    problem, is that we need to keep track of the input time, similar to what we do with the linear resampler. The reason we need to
    do this is for ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count() and ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count().
    */
    frameCountOut      = *pFrameCountOut;
    frameCountIn       = *pFrameCountIn;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;
    framesProcessedIn  = 0;

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut && framesProcessedIn < frameCountIn) {
        unsigned int frameCountInThisIteration;
        unsigned int frameCountOutThisIteration;
        const void* pFramesInThisIteration;
        void* pFramesOutThisIteration;

        frameCountInThisIteration = framesPerIteration;
        if ((ma_uint64)frameCountInThisIteration > (frameCountIn - framesProcessedIn)) {
            frameCountInThisIteration = (unsigned int)(frameCountIn - framesProcessedIn);
        }

        frameCountOutThisIteration = framesPerIteration;
        if ((ma_uint64)frameCountOutThisIteration > (frameCountOut - framesProcessedOut)) {
            frameCountOutThisIteration = (unsigned int)(frameCountOut - framesProcessedOut);
        }

        pFramesInThisIteration  = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn,  framesProcessedIn  * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pResampler->config.format, pResampler->config.channels));
        pFramesOutThisIteration = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, framesProcessedOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pResampler->config.format, pResampler->config.channels));

        if (pResampler->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
            speexErr = speex_resampler_process_interleaved_float((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState, (const float*)pFramesInThisIteration, &frameCountInThisIteration, (float*)pFramesOutThisIteration, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
        } else if (pResampler->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
            speexErr = speex_resampler_process_interleaved_int((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState, (const spx_int16_t*)pFramesInThisIteration, &frameCountInThisIteration, (spx_int16_t*)pFramesOutThisIteration, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
        } else {
            /* Format not supported. Should never get here. */
            MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
            return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
        }

        if (speexErr != RESAMPLER_ERR_SUCCESS) {
            return ma_result_from_speex_err(speexErr);
        }

        framesProcessedIn  += frameCountInThisIteration;
        framesProcessedOut += frameCountOutThisIteration;
    }

    *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;
    *pFrameCountIn  = framesProcessedIn;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    /* pFramesOut is not NULL, which means we must have a capacity. */
    if (pFrameCountOut == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* It doesn't make sense to not have any input frames to process. */
    if (pFrameCountIn == NULL || pFramesIn == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read__linear(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
        }

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read__speex(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        }
    
        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
}


static ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__seek__linear(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);

    /* Seeking is supported natively by the linear resampler. */
    return ma_linear_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pResampler->state.linear, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, NULL, pFrameCountOut);
}

#if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
static ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__seek__speex(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    /* The generic seek method is implemented in on top of ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read() by just processing into a dummy buffer. */
    float devnull[8192];
    ma_uint64 totalOutputFramesToProcess;
    ma_uint64 totalOutputFramesProcessed;
    ma_uint64 totalInputFramesProcessed;
    ma_uint32 bpf;
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);

    totalOutputFramesProcessed = 0;
    totalInputFramesProcessed = 0;
    bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pResampler->config.format, pResampler->config.channels);

    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        /* Seek by output frames. */
        totalOutputFramesToProcess = *pFrameCountOut;
    } else {
        /* Seek by input frames. */
        MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn != NULL);
        totalOutputFramesToProcess = ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(pResampler, *pFrameCountIn);
    }

    if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
        /* Process input data. */
        MA_ASSERT(pFrameCountIn != NULL);
        while (totalOutputFramesProcessed < totalOutputFramesToProcess && totalInputFramesProcessed < *pFrameCountIn) {
            ma_uint64 inputFramesToProcessThisIteration  = (*pFrameCountIn - totalInputFramesProcessed);
            ma_uint64 outputFramesToProcessThisIteration = (totalOutputFramesToProcess - totalOutputFramesProcessed);
            if (outputFramesToProcessThisIteration > sizeof(devnull) / bpf) {
                outputFramesToProcessThisIteration = sizeof(devnull) / bpf;
            }

            result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read(pResampler, ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn, totalInputFramesProcessed*bpf), &inputFramesToProcessThisIteration, ma_offset_ptr(devnull, totalOutputFramesProcessed*bpf), &outputFramesToProcessThisIteration);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }

            totalOutputFramesProcessed += outputFramesToProcessThisIteration;
            totalInputFramesProcessed  += inputFramesToProcessThisIteration;
        }
    } else {
        /* Don't process input data - just update timing and filter state as if zeroes were passed in. */
        while (totalOutputFramesProcessed < totalOutputFramesToProcess) {
            ma_uint64 inputFramesToProcessThisIteration  = 16384;
            ma_uint64 outputFramesToProcessThisIteration = (totalOutputFramesToProcess - totalOutputFramesProcessed);
            if (outputFramesToProcessThisIteration > sizeof(devnull) / bpf) {
                outputFramesToProcessThisIteration = sizeof(devnull) / bpf;
            }

            result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read(pResampler, NULL, &inputFramesToProcessThisIteration, ma_offset_ptr(devnull, totalOutputFramesProcessed*bpf), &outputFramesToProcessThisIteration);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }

            totalOutputFramesProcessed += outputFramesToProcessThisIteration;
            totalInputFramesProcessed  += inputFramesToProcessThisIteration;
        }
    }


    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = totalInputFramesProcessed;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = totalOutputFramesProcessed;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif

static ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__seek(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pResampler != NULL);

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__seek__linear(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFrameCountOut);
        } break;

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__seek__speex(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFrameCountOut);
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        };

        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never hit this. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
}


MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(ma_resampler* pResampler, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pFrameCountOut == NULL && pFrameCountIn == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
        /* Reading. */
        return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__read(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    } else {
        /* Seeking. */
        return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames__seek(pResampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFrameCountOut);
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_set_rate(ma_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (sampleRateIn == 0 || sampleRateOut == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pResampler->config.sampleRateIn  = sampleRateIn;
    pResampler->config.sampleRateOut = sampleRateOut;

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_linear_resampler_set_rate(&pResampler->state.linear, sampleRateIn, sampleRateOut);
        } break;

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            return ma_result_from_speex_err(speex_resampler_set_rate((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState, sampleRateIn, sampleRateOut));
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        };

        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_resampler_set_rate_ratio(ma_resampler* pResampler, float ratio)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pResampler->config.algorithm == ma_resample_algorithm_linear) {
        return ma_linear_resampler_set_rate_ratio(&pResampler->state.linear, ratio);
    } else {
        /* Getting here means the backend does not have native support for setting the rate as a ratio so we just do it generically. */
        ma_uint32 n;
        ma_uint32 d;

        d = 1000;
        n = (ma_uint32)(ratio * d);

        if (n == 0) {
            return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Ratio too small. */
        }

        MA_ASSERT(n != 0);
    
        return ma_resampler_set_rate(pResampler, n, d);
    }
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(ma_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (outputFrameCount == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_linear_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(&pResampler->state.linear, outputFrameCount);
        }

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            ma_uint64 count;
            int speexErr = ma_speex_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState, outputFrameCount, &count);
            if (speexErr != RESAMPLER_ERR_SUCCESS) {
                return 0;
            }

            return count;
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        }

        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(ma_resampler* pResampler, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;   /* Invalid args. */
    }

    if (inputFrameCount == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_linear_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(&pResampler->state.linear, inputFrameCount);
        }

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            ma_uint64 count;
            int speexErr = ma_speex_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState, inputFrameCount, &count);
            if (speexErr != RESAMPLER_ERR_SUCCESS) {
                return 0;
            }

            return count;
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        }

        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_resampler_get_input_latency(ma_resampler* pResampler)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_linear_resampler_get_input_latency(&pResampler->state.linear);
        }

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            return (ma_uint64)ma_speex_resampler_get_input_latency((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState);
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        }

        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_resampler_get_output_latency(ma_resampler* pResampler)
{
    if (pResampler == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    switch (pResampler->config.algorithm)
    {
        case ma_resample_algorithm_linear:
        {
            return ma_linear_resampler_get_output_latency(&pResampler->state.linear);
        }

        case ma_resample_algorithm_speex:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_SPEEX_RESAMPLER)
            return (ma_uint64)ma_speex_resampler_get_output_latency((SpeexResamplerState*)pResampler->state.speex.pSpeexResamplerState);
        #else
            break;
        #endif
        }

        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Channel Conversion

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT
#define MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT  12
#endif

#define MA_PLANE_LEFT      0
#define MA_PLANE_RIGHT     1
#define MA_PLANE_FRONT     2
#define MA_PLANE_BACK      3
#define MA_PLANE_BOTTOM    4
#define MA_PLANE_TOP       5

static float g_maChannelPlaneRatios[MA_CHANNEL_POSITION_COUNT][6] = {
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_NONE */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_MONO */
    { 0.5f,  0.0f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT */
    { 0.0f,  0.5f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_LFE */
    { 0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT */
    { 0.0f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT */
    { 0.25f, 0.0f,  0.75f, 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT_CENTER */
    { 0.0f,  0.25f, 0.75f, 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT_CENTER */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER */
    { 1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT */
    { 0.0f,  1.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  1.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_CENTER */
    { 0.33f, 0.0f,  0.33f, 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.34f}, /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_LEFT */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.5f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_CENTER */
    { 0.0f,  0.33f, 0.33f, 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.34f}, /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_FRONT_RIGHT */
    { 0.33f, 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.33f, 0.0f,  0.34f}, /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_LEFT */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.5f,  0.0f,  0.5f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_CENTER */
    { 0.0f,  0.33f, 0.0f,  0.33f, 0.0f,  0.34f}, /* MA_CHANNEL_TOP_BACK_RIGHT */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_1 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_2 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_3 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_4 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_5 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_6 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_7 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_8 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_9 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_10 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_11 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_12 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_13 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_14 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_15 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_16 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_17 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_18 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_19 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_20 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_21 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_22 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_23 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_24 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_25 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_26 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_27 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_28 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_29 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_30 */
    { 0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f,  0.0f},  /* MA_CHANNEL_AUX_31 */
};

static float ma_calculate_channel_position_rectangular_weight(ma_channel channelPositionA, ma_channel channelPositionB)
{
    /*
    Imagine the following simplified example: You have a single input speaker which is the front/left speaker which you want to convert to
    the following output configuration:
    
     - front/left
     - side/left
     - back/left
    
    The front/left output is easy - it the same speaker position so it receives the full contribution of the front/left input. The amount
    of contribution to apply to the side/left and back/left speakers, however, is a bit more complicated.
    
    Imagine the front/left speaker as emitting audio from two planes - the front plane and the left plane. You can think of the front/left
    speaker emitting half of it's total volume from the front, and the other half from the left. Since part of it's volume is being emitted
    from the left side, and the side/left and back/left channels also emit audio from the left plane, one would expect that they would
    receive some amount of contribution from front/left speaker. The amount of contribution depends on how many planes are shared between
    the two speakers. Note that in the examples below I've added a top/front/left speaker as an example just to show how the math works
    across 3 spatial dimensions.
    
    The first thing to do is figure out how each speaker's volume is spread over each of plane:
     - front/left:     2 planes (front and left)      = 1/2 = half it's total volume on each plane
     - side/left:      1 plane (left only)            = 1/1 = entire volume from left plane
     - back/left:      2 planes (back and left)       = 1/2 = half it's total volume on each plane
     - top/front/left: 3 planes (top, front and left) = 1/3 = one third it's total volume on each plane
    
    The amount of volume each channel contributes to each of it's planes is what controls how much it is willing to given and take to other
    channels on the same plane. The volume that is willing to the given by one channel is multiplied by the volume that is willing to be
    taken by the other to produce the final contribution.
    */

    /* Contribution = Sum(Volume to Give * Volume to Take) */
    float contribution = 
        g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionA][0] * g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionB][0] +
        g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionA][1] * g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionB][1] +
        g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionA][2] * g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionB][2] +
        g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionA][3] * g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionB][3] +
        g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionA][4] * g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionB][4] +
        g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionA][5] * g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPositionB][5];

    return contribution;
}

MA_API ma_channel_converter_config ma_channel_converter_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channelsIn, const ma_channel channelMapIn[MA_MAX_CHANNELS], ma_uint32 channelsOut, const ma_channel channelMapOut[MA_MAX_CHANNELS], ma_channel_mix_mode mixingMode)
{
    ma_channel_converter_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format      = format;
    config.channelsIn  = channelsIn;
    config.channelsOut = channelsOut;
    ma_channel_map_copy(config.channelMapIn,  channelMapIn,  channelsIn);
    ma_channel_map_copy(config.channelMapOut, channelMapOut, channelsOut);
    config.mixingMode  = mixingMode;

    return config;
}

static ma_int32 ma_channel_converter_float_to_fixed(float x)
{
    return (ma_int32)(x * (1<<MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT));
}

static ma_bool32 ma_is_spatial_channel_position(ma_channel channelPosition)
{
    int i;

    if (channelPosition == MA_CHANNEL_NONE || channelPosition == MA_CHANNEL_MONO || channelPosition == MA_CHANNEL_LFE) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < 6; ++i) {   /* Each side of a cube. */
        if (g_maChannelPlaneRatios[channelPosition][i] != 0) {
            return MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return MA_FALSE;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_init(const ma_channel_converter_config* pConfig, ma_channel_converter* pConverter)
{
    ma_uint32 iChannelIn;
    ma_uint32 iChannelOut;

    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pConverter);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (!ma_channel_map_valid(pConfig->channelsIn, pConfig->channelMapIn)) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Invalid input channel map. */
    }
    if (!ma_channel_map_valid(pConfig->channelsOut, pConfig->channelMapOut)) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Invalid output channel map. */
    }

    pConverter->format      = pConfig->format;
    pConverter->channelsIn  = pConfig->channelsIn;
    pConverter->channelsOut = pConfig->channelsOut;
    ma_channel_map_copy(pConverter->channelMapIn,  pConfig->channelMapIn,  pConfig->channelsIn);
    ma_channel_map_copy(pConverter->channelMapOut, pConfig->channelMapOut, pConfig->channelsOut);
    pConverter->mixingMode  = pConfig->mixingMode;

    for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; iChannelIn += 1) {
        for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
            if (pConverter->format == ma_format_f32) {
                pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = pConfig->weights[iChannelIn][iChannelOut];
            } else {
                pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = ma_channel_converter_float_to_fixed(pConfig->weights[iChannelIn][iChannelOut]);
            }
        }
    }
    


    /* If the input and output channels and channel maps are the same we should use a passthrough. */
    if (pConverter->channelsIn == pConverter->channelsOut) {
        if (ma_channel_map_equal(pConverter->channelsIn, pConverter->channelMapIn, pConverter->channelMapOut)) {
            pConverter->isPassthrough = MA_TRUE;
        }
        if (ma_channel_map_blank(pConverter->channelsIn, pConverter->channelMapIn) || ma_channel_map_blank(pConverter->channelsOut, pConverter->channelMapOut)) {
            pConverter->isPassthrough = MA_TRUE;
        }
    }


    /*
    We can use a simple case for expanding the mono channel. This will used when expanding a mono input into any output so long
    as no LFE is present in the output.
    */
    if (!pConverter->isPassthrough) {
        if (pConverter->channelsIn == 1 && pConverter->channelMapIn[0] == MA_CHANNEL_MONO) {
            /* Optimal case if no LFE is in the output channel map. */
            pConverter->isSimpleMonoExpansion = MA_TRUE;
            if (ma_channel_map_contains_channel_position(pConverter->channelsOut, pConverter->channelMapOut, MA_CHANNEL_LFE)) {
                pConverter->isSimpleMonoExpansion = MA_FALSE;
            }
        }
    }

    /* Another optimized case is stereo to mono. */
    if (!pConverter->isPassthrough) {
        if (pConverter->channelsOut == 1 && pConverter->channelMapOut[0] == MA_CHANNEL_MONO && pConverter->channelsIn == 2) {
            /* Optimal case if no LFE is in the input channel map. */
            pConverter->isStereoToMono = MA_TRUE;
            if (ma_channel_map_contains_channel_position(pConverter->channelsIn, pConverter->channelMapIn, MA_CHANNEL_LFE)) {
                pConverter->isStereoToMono = MA_FALSE;
            }
        }
    }


    /*
    Here is where we do a bit of pre-processing to know how each channel should be combined to make up the output. Rules:
    
        1) If it's a passthrough, do nothing - it's just a simple memcpy().
        2) If the channel counts are the same and every channel position in the input map is present in the output map, use a
           simple shuffle. An example might be different 5.1 channel layouts.
        3) Otherwise channels are blended based on spatial locality.
    */
    if (!pConverter->isPassthrough) {
        if (pConverter->channelsIn == pConverter->channelsOut) {
            ma_bool32 areAllChannelPositionsPresent = MA_TRUE;
            for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                ma_bool32 isInputChannelPositionInOutput = MA_FALSE;
                for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                    if (pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn] == pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut]) {
                        isInputChannelPositionInOutput = MA_TRUE;
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (!isInputChannelPositionInOutput) {
                    areAllChannelPositionsPresent = MA_FALSE;
                    break;
                }
            }

            if (areAllChannelPositionsPresent) {
                pConverter->isSimpleShuffle = MA_TRUE;

                /*
                All the router will be doing is rearranging channels which means all we need to do is use a shuffling table which is just
                a mapping between the index of the input channel to the index of the output channel.
                */
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                        if (pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn] == pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut]) {
                            pConverter->shuffleTable[iChannelIn] = (ma_uint8)iChannelOut;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }


    /*
    Here is where weights are calculated. Note that we calculate the weights at all times, even when using a passthrough and simple
    shuffling. We use different algorithms for calculating weights depending on our mixing mode.
    
    In simple mode we don't do any blending (except for converting between mono, which is done in a later step). Instead we just
    map 1:1 matching channels. In this mode, if no channels in the input channel map correspond to anything in the output channel
    map, nothing will be heard!
    */

    /* In all cases we need to make sure all channels that are present in both channel maps have a 1:1 mapping. */
    for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
        ma_channel channelPosIn = pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn];

        for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
            ma_channel channelPosOut = pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut];

            if (channelPosIn == channelPosOut) {
                if (pConverter->format == ma_format_f32) {
                    pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = 1;
                } else {
                    pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = (1 << MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /*
    The mono channel is accumulated on all other channels, except LFE. Make sure in this loop we exclude output mono channels since
    they were handled in the pass above.
    */
    for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
        ma_channel channelPosIn = pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn];

        if (channelPosIn == MA_CHANNEL_MONO) {
            for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                ma_channel channelPosOut = pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut];

                if (channelPosOut != MA_CHANNEL_NONE && channelPosOut != MA_CHANNEL_MONO && channelPosOut != MA_CHANNEL_LFE) {
                    if (pConverter->format == ma_format_f32) {
                        pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = 1;
                    } else {
                        pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = (1 << MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    /* The output mono channel is the average of all non-none, non-mono and non-lfe input channels. */
    {
        ma_uint32 len = 0;
        for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
            ma_channel channelPosIn = pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn];

            if (channelPosIn != MA_CHANNEL_NONE && channelPosIn != MA_CHANNEL_MONO && channelPosIn != MA_CHANNEL_LFE) {
                len += 1;
            }
        }

        if (len > 0) {
            float monoWeight = 1.0f / len;

            for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                ma_channel channelPosOut = pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut];

                if (channelPosOut == MA_CHANNEL_MONO) {
                    for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                        ma_channel channelPosIn = pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn];

                        if (channelPosIn != MA_CHANNEL_NONE && channelPosIn != MA_CHANNEL_MONO && channelPosIn != MA_CHANNEL_LFE) {
                            if (pConverter->format == ma_format_f32) {
                                pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = monoWeight;
                            } else {
                                pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = ma_channel_converter_float_to_fixed(monoWeight);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }


    /* Input and output channels that are not present on the other side need to be blended in based on spatial locality. */
    switch (pConverter->mixingMode)
    {
        case ma_channel_mix_mode_rectangular:
        {
            /* Unmapped input channels. */
            for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                ma_channel channelPosIn = pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn];

                if (ma_is_spatial_channel_position(channelPosIn)) {
                    if (!ma_channel_map_contains_channel_position(pConverter->channelsOut, pConverter->channelMapOut, channelPosIn)) {
                        for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                            ma_channel channelPosOut = pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut];

                            if (ma_is_spatial_channel_position(channelPosOut)) {
                                float weight = 0;
                                if (pConverter->mixingMode == ma_channel_mix_mode_rectangular) {
                                    weight = ma_calculate_channel_position_rectangular_weight(channelPosIn, channelPosOut);
                                }

                                /* Only apply the weight if we haven't already got some contribution from the respective channels. */
                                if (pConverter->format == ma_format_f32) {
                                    if (pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] == 0) {
                                        pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = weight;
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    if (pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] == 0) {
                                        pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = ma_channel_converter_float_to_fixed(weight);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

            /* Unmapped output channels. */
            for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                ma_channel channelPosOut = pConverter->channelMapOut[iChannelOut];

                if (ma_is_spatial_channel_position(channelPosOut)) {
                    if (!ma_channel_map_contains_channel_position(pConverter->channelsIn, pConverter->channelMapIn, channelPosOut)) {
                        for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                            ma_channel channelPosIn = pConverter->channelMapIn[iChannelIn];

                            if (ma_is_spatial_channel_position(channelPosIn)) {
                                float weight = 0;
                                if (pConverter->mixingMode == ma_channel_mix_mode_rectangular) {
                                    weight = ma_calculate_channel_position_rectangular_weight(channelPosIn, channelPosOut);
                                }

                                /* Only apply the weight if we haven't already got some contribution from the respective channels. */
                                if (pConverter->format == ma_format_f32) {
                                    if (pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] == 0) {
                                        pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = weight;
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    if (pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] == 0) {
                                        pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = ma_channel_converter_float_to_fixed(weight);
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_channel_mix_mode_custom_weights:
        case ma_channel_mix_mode_simple:
        default:
        {
            /* Fallthrough. */
        } break;
    }


    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API void ma_channel_converter_uninit(ma_channel_converter* pConverter)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__passthrough(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesIn  != NULL);

    ma_copy_memory_64(pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->format, pConverter->channelsOut));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__simple_shuffle(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 iFrame;
    ma_uint32 iChannelIn;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->channelsIn == pConverter->channelsOut);

    switch (pConverter->format)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutU8 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInU8  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    pFramesOutU8[pConverter->shuffleTable[iChannelIn]] = pFramesInU8[iChannelIn];
                }

                pFramesOutU8 += pConverter->channelsOut;
                pFramesInU8  += pConverter->channelsIn;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    pFramesOutS16[pConverter->shuffleTable[iChannelIn]] = pFramesInS16[iChannelIn];
                }

                pFramesOutS16 += pConverter->channelsOut;
                pFramesInS16  += pConverter->channelsIn;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutS24 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInS24  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    ma_uint32 iChannelOut = pConverter->shuffleTable[iChannelIn];
                    pFramesOutS24[iChannelOut*3 + 0] = pFramesInS24[iChannelIn*3 + 0];
                    pFramesOutS24[iChannelOut*3 + 1] = pFramesInS24[iChannelIn*3 + 1];
                    pFramesOutS24[iChannelOut*3 + 2] = pFramesInS24[iChannelIn*3 + 2];
                }

                pFramesOutS24 += pConverter->channelsOut*3;
                pFramesInS24  += pConverter->channelsIn*3;
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            /* */ ma_int32* pFramesOutS32 = (      ma_int32*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int32* pFramesInS32  = (const ma_int32*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    pFramesOutS32[pConverter->shuffleTable[iChannelIn]] = pFramesInS32[iChannelIn];
                }

                pFramesOutS32 += pConverter->channelsOut;
                pFramesInS32  += pConverter->channelsIn;
            }
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    pFramesOutF32[pConverter->shuffleTable[iChannelIn]] = pFramesInF32[iChannelIn];
                }

                pFramesOutF32 += pConverter->channelsOut;
                pFramesInF32  += pConverter->channelsIn;
            }
        } break;

        default: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;   /* Unknown format. */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__simple_mono_expansion(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->channelsIn == 1);

    switch (pConverter->format)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutU8 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInU8  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConverter->channelsOut; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutU8[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannel] = pFramesInU8[iFrame];
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            if (pConverter->channelsOut == 2) {
                for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*2 + 0] = pFramesInS16[iFrame];
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*2 + 1] = pFramesInS16[iFrame];
                }
            } else {
                for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                    ma_uint32 iChannel;
                    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConverter->channelsOut; iChannel += 1) {
                        pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannel] = pFramesInS16[iFrame];
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutS24 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInS24  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConverter->channelsOut; iChannel += 1) {
                    ma_uint64 iSampleOut = iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannel;
                    ma_uint64 iSampleIn  = iFrame;
                    pFramesOutS24[iSampleOut*3 + 0] = pFramesInS24[iSampleIn*3 + 0];
                    pFramesOutS24[iSampleOut*3 + 1] = pFramesInS24[iSampleIn*3 + 1];
                    pFramesOutS24[iSampleOut*3 + 2] = pFramesInS24[iSampleIn*3 + 2];
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            /* */ ma_int32* pFramesOutS32 = (      ma_int32*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int32* pFramesInS32  = (const ma_int32*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConverter->channelsOut; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannel] = pFramesInS32[iFrame];
                }
            }
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            if (pConverter->channelsOut == 2) {
                for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*2 + 0] = pFramesInF32[iFrame];
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*2 + 1] = pFramesInF32[iFrame];
                }
            } else {
                for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                    ma_uint32 iChannel;
                    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConverter->channelsOut; iChannel += 1) {
                        pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannel] = pFramesInF32[iFrame];
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        default: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;   /* Unknown format. */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__stereo_to_mono(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesIn  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->channelsIn  == 2);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->channelsOut == 1);

    switch (pConverter->format)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutU8 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInU8  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                pFramesOutU8[iFrame] = ma_clip_u8((ma_int16)((ma_pcm_sample_u8_to_s16_no_scale(pFramesInU8[iFrame*2+0]) + ma_pcm_sample_u8_to_s16_no_scale(pFramesInU8[iFrame*2+1])) / 2));
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                pFramesOutS16[iFrame] = (ma_int16)(((ma_int32)pFramesInS16[iFrame*2+0] + (ma_int32)pFramesInS16[iFrame*2+1]) / 2);
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutS24 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInS24  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                ma_int64 s24_0 = ma_pcm_sample_s24_to_s32_no_scale(&pFramesInS24[(iFrame*2+0)*3]);
                ma_int64 s24_1 = ma_pcm_sample_s24_to_s32_no_scale(&pFramesInS24[(iFrame*2+1)*3]);
                ma_pcm_sample_s32_to_s24_no_scale((s24_0 + s24_1) / 2, &pFramesOutS24[iFrame*3]);
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            /* */ ma_int32* pFramesOutS32 = (      ma_int32*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int32* pFramesInS32  = (const ma_int32*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                pFramesOutS32[iFrame] = (ma_int16)(((ma_int32)pFramesInS32[iFrame*2+0] + (ma_int32)pFramesInS32[iFrame*2+1]) / 2);
            }
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; ++iFrame) {
                pFramesOutF32[iFrame] = (pFramesInF32[iFrame*2+0] + pFramesInF32[iFrame*2+0]) * 0.5f;
            }
        } break;

        default: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;   /* Unknown format. */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__weights(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 iFrame;
    ma_uint32 iChannelIn;
    ma_uint32 iChannelOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesIn  != NULL);

    /* This is the more complicated case. Each of the output channels is accumulated with 0 or more input channels. */

    /* Clear. */
    ma_zero_memory_64(pFramesOut, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->format, pConverter->channelsOut));

    /* Accumulate. */
    switch (pConverter->format)
    {
        case ma_format_u8:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutU8 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInU8  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                        ma_int16 u8_O = ma_pcm_sample_u8_to_s16_no_scale(pFramesOutU8[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut]);
                        ma_int16 u8_I = ma_pcm_sample_u8_to_s16_no_scale(pFramesInU8 [iFrame*pConverter->channelsIn  + iChannelIn ]);
                        ma_int32 s    = (ma_int32)ma_clamp(u8_O + ((u8_I * pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut]) >> MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT), -128, 127);
                        pFramesOutU8[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut] = ma_clip_u8((ma_int16)s);
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s16:
        {
            /* */ ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (      ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int16* pFramesInS16  = (const ma_int16*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                        ma_int32 s = pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut];
                        s += (pFramesInS16[iFrame*pConverter->channelsIn + iChannelIn] * pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut]) >> MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT;

                        pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut] = (ma_int16)ma_clamp(s, -32768, 32767);
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s24:
        {
            /* */ ma_uint8* pFramesOutS24 = (      ma_uint8*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_uint8* pFramesInS24  = (const ma_uint8*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                        ma_int64 s24_O = ma_pcm_sample_s24_to_s32_no_scale(&pFramesOutS24[(iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut)*3]);
                        ma_int64 s24_I = ma_pcm_sample_s24_to_s32_no_scale(&pFramesInS24 [(iFrame*pConverter->channelsIn  + iChannelIn )*3]);
                        ma_int64 s24   = (ma_int32)ma_clamp(s24_O + ((s24_I * pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut]) >> MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT), -8388608, 8388607);
                        ma_pcm_sample_s32_to_s24_no_scale(s24, &pFramesOutS24[(iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut)*3]);
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        case ma_format_s32:
        {
            /* */ ma_int32* pFramesOutS32 = (      ma_int32*)pFramesOut;
            const ma_int32* pFramesInS32  = (const ma_int32*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                        ma_int64 s = pFramesOutS32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut];
                        s += (pFramesInS32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsIn + iChannelIn] * pConverter->weights.s16[iChannelIn][iChannelOut]) >> MA_CHANNEL_CONVERTER_FIXED_POINT_SHIFT;

                        pFramesOutS32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut] = ma_clip_s32(s);
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;
        
        case ma_format_f32:
        {
            /* */ float* pFramesOutF32 = (      float*)pFramesOut;
            const float* pFramesInF32  = (const float*)pFramesIn;

            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->channelsIn; ++iChannelIn) {
                    for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->channelsOut; ++iChannelOut) {
                        pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsOut + iChannelOut] += pFramesInF32[iFrame*pConverter->channelsIn + iChannelIn] * pConverter->weights.f32[iChannelIn][iChannelOut];
                    }
                }
            }
        } break;

        default: return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;   /* Unknown format. */
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(ma_channel_converter* pConverter, void* pFramesOut, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pFramesOut == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pFramesIn == NULL) {
        ma_zero_memory_64(pFramesOut, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->format, pConverter->channelsOut));
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }

    if (pConverter->isPassthrough) {
        return ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__passthrough(pConverter, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
    } else if (pConverter->isSimpleShuffle) {
        return ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__simple_shuffle(pConverter, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
    } else if (pConverter->isSimpleMonoExpansion) {
        return ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__simple_mono_expansion(pConverter, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
    } else if (pConverter->isStereoToMono) {
        return ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__stereo_to_mono(pConverter, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
    } else {
        return ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames__weights(pConverter, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
    }
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Data Conversion

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_data_converter_config ma_data_converter_config_init_default()
{
    ma_data_converter_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);

    config.ditherMode = ma_dither_mode_none;
    config.resampling.algorithm = ma_resample_algorithm_linear;
    config.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate = MA_FALSE; /* Disable dynamic sample rates by default because dynamic rate adjustments should be quite rare and it allows an optimization for cases when the in and out sample rates are the same. */

    /* Linear resampling defaults. */
    config.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = 1;
    config.resampling.linear.lpfNyquistFactor = 1;

    /* Speex resampling defaults. */
    config.resampling.speex.quality = 3;

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_data_converter_config ma_data_converter_config_init(ma_format formatIn, ma_format formatOut, ma_uint32 channelsIn, ma_uint32 channelsOut, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut)
{
    ma_data_converter_config config = ma_data_converter_config_init_default();
    config.formatIn = formatIn;
    config.formatOut = formatOut;
    config.channelsIn = channelsIn;
    config.channelsOut = channelsOut;
    config.sampleRateIn = sampleRateIn;
    config.sampleRateOut = sampleRateOut;
    
    return config;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_init(const ma_data_converter_config* pConfig, ma_data_converter* pConverter)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_format midFormat;

    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pConverter);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pConverter->config = *pConfig;

    /* Basic validation. */
    if (pConfig->channelsIn < MA_MIN_CHANNELS || pConfig->channelsOut < MA_MIN_CHANNELS ||
        pConfig->channelsIn > MA_MAX_CHANNELS || pConfig->channelsOut > MA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /*
    We want to avoid as much data conversion as possible. The channel converter and resampler both support s16 and f32 natively. We need to decide
    on the format to use for this stage. We call this the mid format because it's used in the middle stage of the conversion pipeline. If the output
    format is either s16 or f32 we use that one. If that is not the case it will do the same thing for the input format. If it's neither we just
    use f32.
    */
    /*  */ if (pConverter->config.formatOut == ma_format_s16 || pConverter->config.formatOut == ma_format_f32) {
        midFormat = pConverter->config.formatOut;
    } else if (pConverter->config.formatIn  == ma_format_s16 || pConverter->config.formatIn  == ma_format_f32) {
        midFormat = pConverter->config.formatIn;
    } else {
        midFormat = ma_format_f32;
    }

    /* Channel converter. We always initialize this, but we check if it configures itself as a passthrough to determine whether or not it's needed. */
    {
        ma_uint32 iChannelIn;
        ma_uint32 iChannelOut;
        ma_channel_converter_config channelConverterConfig;

        channelConverterConfig = ma_channel_converter_config_init(midFormat, pConverter->config.channelsIn, pConverter->config.channelMapIn, pConverter->config.channelsOut, pConverter->config.channelMapOut, pConverter->config.channelMixMode);
        
        /* Channel weights. */
        for (iChannelIn = 0; iChannelIn < pConverter->config.channelsIn; iChannelIn += 1) {
            for (iChannelOut = 0; iChannelOut < pConverter->config.channelsOut; iChannelOut += 1) {
                channelConverterConfig.weights[iChannelIn][iChannelOut] = pConverter->config.channelWeights[iChannelIn][iChannelOut];
            }
        }
        
        result = ma_channel_converter_init(&channelConverterConfig, &pConverter->channelConverter);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        /* If the channel converter is not a passthrough we need to enable it. Otherwise we can skip it. */
        if (pConverter->channelConverter.isPassthrough == MA_FALSE) {
            pConverter->hasChannelConverter = MA_TRUE;
        }
    }


    /* Always enable dynamic sample rates if the input sample rate is different because we're always going to need a resampler in this case anyway. */
    if (pConverter->config.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate == MA_FALSE) {
        pConverter->config.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate = pConverter->config.sampleRateIn != pConverter->config.sampleRateOut;
    }

    /* Resampler. */
    if (pConverter->config.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate) {
        ma_resampler_config resamplerConfig;
        ma_uint32 resamplerChannels;

        /* The resampler is the most expensive part of the conversion process, so we need to do it at the stage where the channel count is at it's lowest. */
        if (pConverter->config.channelsIn < pConverter->config.channelsOut) {
            resamplerChannels = pConverter->config.channelsIn;
        } else {
            resamplerChannels = pConverter->config.channelsOut;
        }

        resamplerConfig = ma_resampler_config_init(midFormat, resamplerChannels, pConverter->config.sampleRateIn, pConverter->config.sampleRateOut, pConverter->config.resampling.algorithm);
        resamplerConfig.linear.lpfOrder         = pConverter->config.resampling.linear.lpfOrder;
        resamplerConfig.linear.lpfNyquistFactor = pConverter->config.resampling.linear.lpfNyquistFactor;
        resamplerConfig.speex.quality           = pConverter->config.resampling.speex.quality;

        result = ma_resampler_init(&resamplerConfig, &pConverter->resampler);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        pConverter->hasResampler = MA_TRUE;
    }


    /* We can simplify pre- and post-format conversion if we have neither channel conversion nor resampling. */
    if (pConverter->hasChannelConverter == MA_FALSE && pConverter->hasResampler == MA_FALSE) {
        /* We have neither channel conversion nor resampling so we'll only need one of pre- or post-format conversion, or none if the input and output formats are the same. */
        if (pConverter->config.formatIn == pConverter->config.formatOut) {
            /* The formats are the same so we can just pass through. */
            pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion  = MA_FALSE;
            pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion = MA_FALSE;
        } else {
            /* The formats are different so we need to do either pre- or post-format conversion. It doesn't matter which. */
            pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion  = MA_FALSE;
            pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion = MA_TRUE;
        }
    } else {
        /* We have a channel converter and/or resampler so we'll need channel conversion based on the mid format. */
        if (pConverter->config.formatIn != midFormat) {
            pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion = MA_TRUE;
        }
        if (pConverter->config.formatOut != midFormat) {
            pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion = MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    /* We can enable passthrough optimizations if applicable. Note that we'll only be able to do this if the sample rate is static. */
    if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion  == MA_FALSE &&
        pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion == MA_FALSE &&
        pConverter->hasChannelConverter     == MA_FALSE &&
        pConverter->hasResampler            == MA_FALSE) {
        pConverter->isPassthrough = MA_TRUE;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API void ma_data_converter_uninit(ma_data_converter* pConverter)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
        ma_resampler_uninit(&pConverter->resampler);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__passthrough(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 frameCount;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    
    frameCountIn = 0;
    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        frameCountIn = *pFrameCountIn;
    }

    frameCountOut = 0;
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        frameCountOut = *pFrameCountOut;
    }

    frameCount = ma_min(frameCountIn, frameCountOut);

    if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
        if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
            ma_copy_memory_64(pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
        } else {
            ma_zero_memory_64(pFramesOut,            frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
        }
    }

    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = frameCount;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = frameCount;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__format_only(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 frameCount;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    
    frameCountIn = 0;
    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        frameCountIn = *pFrameCountIn;
    }

    frameCountOut = 0;
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        frameCountOut = *pFrameCountOut;
    }

    frameCount = ma_min(frameCountIn, frameCountOut);

    if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
        if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
            ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pFramesOut, pConverter->config.formatOut, pFramesIn, pConverter->config.formatIn, frameCount, pConverter->config.channelsIn, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
        } else {
            ma_zero_memory_64(pFramesOut, frameCount * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
        }
    }

    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = frameCount;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = frameCount;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__resample_with_format_conversion(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);

    frameCountIn = 0;
    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        frameCountIn = *pFrameCountIn;
    }

    frameCountOut = 0;
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        frameCountOut = *pFrameCountOut;
    }

    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        ma_uint8 pTempBufferOut[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
        const ma_uint32 tempBufferOutCap = sizeof(pTempBufferOut) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->resampler.config.format, pConverter->resampler.config.channels);
        const void* pFramesInThisIteration;
        /* */ void* pFramesOutThisIteration;
        ma_uint64 frameCountInThisIteration;
        ma_uint64 frameCountOutThisIteration;

        if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
            pFramesInThisIteration = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn, framesProcessedIn * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatIn, pConverter->config.channelsIn));
        } else {
            pFramesInThisIteration = NULL;
        }

        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            pFramesOutThisIteration = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, framesProcessedOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
        } else {
            pFramesOutThisIteration = NULL;
        }

        /* Do a pre format conversion if necessary. */
        if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion) {
            ma_uint8 pTempBufferIn[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
            const ma_uint32 tempBufferInCap = sizeof(pTempBufferIn) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->resampler.config.format, pConverter->resampler.config.channels);

            frameCountInThisIteration  = (frameCountIn - framesProcessedIn);
            if (frameCountInThisIteration > tempBufferInCap) {
                frameCountInThisIteration = tempBufferInCap;
            }

            if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
               if (frameCountInThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                   frameCountInThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
               }
            }

            if (pFramesInThisIteration != NULL) {
                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pTempBufferIn, pConverter->resampler.config.format, pFramesInThisIteration, pConverter->config.formatIn, frameCountInThisIteration, pConverter->config.channelsIn, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
            } else {
                MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pTempBufferIn, sizeof(pTempBufferIn));
            }

            frameCountOutThisIteration = (frameCountOut - framesProcessedOut);

            if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
                /* Both input and output conversion required. Output to the temp buffer. */
                if (frameCountOutThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                    frameCountOutThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
                }

                result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->resampler, pTempBufferIn, &frameCountInThisIteration, pTempBufferOut, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
            } else {
                /* Only pre-format required. Output straight to the output buffer. */
                result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->resampler, pTempBufferIn, &frameCountInThisIteration, pFramesOutThisIteration, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
            }

            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            /* No pre-format required. Just read straight from the input buffer. */
            MA_ASSERT(pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion == MA_TRUE);

            frameCountInThisIteration  = (frameCountIn  - framesProcessedIn);
            frameCountOutThisIteration = (frameCountOut - framesProcessedOut);
            if (frameCountOutThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                frameCountOutThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
            }

            result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->resampler, pFramesInThisIteration, &frameCountInThisIteration, pTempBufferOut, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                break;
            }
        }

        /* If we are doing a post format conversion we need to do that now. */
        if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
            if (pFramesOutThisIteration != NULL) {
                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pFramesOutThisIteration, pConverter->config.formatOut, pTempBufferOut, pConverter->resampler.config.format, frameCountOutThisIteration, pConverter->resampler.config.channels, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
            }
        }

        framesProcessedIn  += frameCountInThisIteration;
        framesProcessedOut += frameCountOutThisIteration;

        MA_ASSERT(framesProcessedIn  <= frameCountIn);
        MA_ASSERT(framesProcessedOut <= frameCountOut);

        if (frameCountOutThisIteration == 0) {
            break;  /* Consumed all of our input data. */
        }
    }

    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = framesProcessedIn;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__resample_only(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);

    if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion == MA_FALSE && pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion == MA_FALSE) {
        /* Neither pre- nor post-format required. This is simple case where only resampling is required. */
        return ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->resampler, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    } else {
        /* Format conversion required. */
        return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__resample_with_format_conversion(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    }
}

static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__channels_only(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 frameCount;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);

    frameCountIn = 0;
    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        frameCountIn = *pFrameCountIn;
    }

    frameCountOut = 0;
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        frameCountOut = *pFrameCountOut;
    }

    frameCount = ma_min(frameCountIn, frameCountOut);

    if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion == MA_FALSE && pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion == MA_FALSE) {
        /* No format conversion required. */
        result = ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->channelConverter, pFramesOut, pFramesIn, frameCount);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    } else {
        /* Format conversion required. */
        ma_uint64 framesProcessed = 0;

        while (framesProcessed < frameCount) {
            ma_uint8 pTempBufferOut[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
            const ma_uint32 tempBufferOutCap = sizeof(pTempBufferOut) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->channelConverter.format, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut);
            const void* pFramesInThisIteration;
            /* */ void* pFramesOutThisIteration;
            ma_uint64 frameCountThisIteration;

            if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
                pFramesInThisIteration = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn, framesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatIn, pConverter->config.channelsIn));
            } else {
                pFramesInThisIteration = NULL;
            }

            if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
                pFramesOutThisIteration = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, framesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
            } else {
                pFramesOutThisIteration = NULL;
            }

            /* Do a pre format conversion if necessary. */
            if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion) {
                ma_uint8 pTempBufferIn[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                const ma_uint32 tempBufferInCap = sizeof(pTempBufferIn) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->channelConverter.format, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsIn);

                frameCountThisIteration = (frameCount - framesProcessed);
                if (frameCountThisIteration > tempBufferInCap) {
                    frameCountThisIteration = tempBufferInCap;
                }

                if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
                    if (frameCountThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                        frameCountThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
                    }
                }

                if (pFramesInThisIteration != NULL) {
                    ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pTempBufferIn, pConverter->channelConverter.format, pFramesInThisIteration, pConverter->config.formatIn, frameCountThisIteration, pConverter->config.channelsIn, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
                } else {
                    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pTempBufferIn, sizeof(pTempBufferIn));
                }

                if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
                    /* Both input and output conversion required. Output to the temp buffer. */
                    result = ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->channelConverter, pTempBufferOut, pTempBufferIn, frameCountThisIteration);
                } else {
                    /* Only pre-format required. Output straight to the output buffer. */
                    result = ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->channelConverter, pFramesOutThisIteration, pTempBufferIn, frameCountThisIteration);
                }

                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                /* No pre-format required. Just read straight from the input buffer. */
                MA_ASSERT(pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion == MA_TRUE);

                frameCountThisIteration = (frameCount - framesProcessed);
                if (frameCountThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                    frameCountThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
                }

                result = ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->channelConverter, pTempBufferOut, pFramesInThisIteration, frameCountThisIteration);
                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                    break;
                }
            }

            /* If we are doing a post format conversion we need to do that now. */
            if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
                if (pFramesOutThisIteration != NULL) {
                    ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pFramesOutThisIteration, pConverter->config.formatOut, pTempBufferOut, pConverter->channelConverter.format, frameCountThisIteration, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
                }
            }

            framesProcessed += frameCountThisIteration;
        }
    }

    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = frameCount;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = frameCount;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__resampling_first(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;
    ma_uint8  pTempBufferIn[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];   /* In resampler format. */
    ma_uint64 tempBufferInCap;
    ma_uint8  pTempBufferMid[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];  /* In resampler format, channel converter input format. */
    ma_uint64 tempBufferMidCap;
    ma_uint8  pTempBufferOut[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];  /* In channel converter output format. */
    ma_uint64 tempBufferOutCap;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->resampler.config.format   == pConverter->channelConverter.format);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->resampler.config.channels == pConverter->channelConverter.channelsIn);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->resampler.config.channels <  pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut);

    frameCountIn = 0;
    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        frameCountIn = *pFrameCountIn;
    }

    frameCountOut = 0;
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        frameCountOut = *pFrameCountOut;
    }

    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    tempBufferInCap  = sizeof(pTempBufferIn)  / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->resampler.config.format, pConverter->resampler.config.channels);
    tempBufferMidCap = sizeof(pTempBufferIn)  / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->resampler.config.format, pConverter->resampler.config.channels);
    tempBufferOutCap = sizeof(pTempBufferOut) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->channelConverter.format, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut);

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        ma_uint64 frameCountInThisIteration;
        ma_uint64 frameCountOutThisIteration;
        const void* pRunningFramesIn = NULL;
        void* pRunningFramesOut = NULL;
        const void* pResampleBufferIn;
        void* pChannelsBufferOut;

        if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
            pRunningFramesIn  = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn,  framesProcessedIn  * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatIn, pConverter->config.channelsIn));
        }
        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, framesProcessedOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
        }

        /* Run input data through the resampler and output it to the temporary buffer. */
        frameCountInThisIteration = (frameCountIn - framesProcessedIn);

        if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion) {
            if (frameCountInThisIteration > tempBufferInCap) {
                frameCountInThisIteration = tempBufferInCap;
            }
        }

        frameCountOutThisIteration = (frameCountOut - framesProcessedOut);
        if (frameCountOutThisIteration > tempBufferMidCap) {
            frameCountOutThisIteration = tempBufferMidCap;
        }

        /* We can't read more frames than can fit in the output buffer. */
        if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
            if (frameCountOutThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                frameCountOutThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
            }
        }

        /* We need to ensure we don't try to process too many input frames that we run out of room in the output buffer. If this happens we'll end up glitching. */
        {
            ma_uint64 requiredInputFrameCount = ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(&pConverter->resampler, frameCountOutThisIteration);
            if (frameCountInThisIteration > requiredInputFrameCount) {
                frameCountInThisIteration = requiredInputFrameCount;
            }
        }

        if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion) {
            if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pTempBufferIn, pConverter->resampler.config.format, pRunningFramesIn, pConverter->config.formatIn, frameCountInThisIteration, pConverter->config.channelsIn, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
                pResampleBufferIn = pTempBufferIn;
            } else {
                pResampleBufferIn = NULL;
            }
        } else {
            pResampleBufferIn = pRunningFramesIn;
        }

        result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->resampler, pResampleBufferIn, &frameCountInThisIteration, pTempBufferMid, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }


        /*
        The input data has been resampled so now we need to run it through the channel converter. The input data is always contained in pTempBufferMid. We only need to do
        this part if we have an output buffer.
        */
        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
                pChannelsBufferOut = pTempBufferOut;
            } else {
                pChannelsBufferOut = pRunningFramesOut;
            }

            result = ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->channelConverter, pChannelsBufferOut, pTempBufferMid, frameCountOutThisIteration);
            if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                return result;
            }

            /* Finally we do post format conversion. */
            if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pRunningFramesOut, pConverter->config.formatOut, pChannelsBufferOut, pConverter->channelConverter.format, frameCountOutThisIteration, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
            }
        }


        framesProcessedIn  += frameCountInThisIteration;
        framesProcessedOut += frameCountOutThisIteration;

        MA_ASSERT(framesProcessedIn  <= frameCountIn);
        MA_ASSERT(framesProcessedOut <= frameCountOut);

        if (frameCountOutThisIteration == 0) {
            break;  /* Consumed all of our input data. */
        }
    }

    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = framesProcessedIn;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__channels_first(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint64 frameCountIn;
    ma_uint64 frameCountOut;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedIn;
    ma_uint64 framesProcessedOut;
    ma_uint8  pTempBufferIn[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];   /* In resampler format. */
    ma_uint64 tempBufferInCap;
    ma_uint8  pTempBufferMid[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];  /* In resampler format, channel converter input format. */
    ma_uint64 tempBufferMidCap;
    ma_uint8  pTempBufferOut[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];  /* In channel converter output format. */
    ma_uint64 tempBufferOutCap;

    MA_ASSERT(pConverter != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->resampler.config.format   == pConverter->channelConverter.format);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->resampler.config.channels == pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut);
    MA_ASSERT(pConverter->resampler.config.channels <  pConverter->channelConverter.channelsIn);

    frameCountIn = 0;
    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        frameCountIn = *pFrameCountIn;
    }

    frameCountOut = 0;
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        frameCountOut = *pFrameCountOut;
    }

    framesProcessedIn  = 0;
    framesProcessedOut = 0;

    tempBufferInCap  = sizeof(pTempBufferIn)  / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->channelConverter.format, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsIn);
    tempBufferMidCap = sizeof(pTempBufferIn)  / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->channelConverter.format, pConverter->channelConverter.channelsOut);
    tempBufferOutCap = sizeof(pTempBufferOut) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->resampler.config.format, pConverter->resampler.config.channels);

    while (framesProcessedOut < frameCountOut) {
        ma_uint64 frameCountInThisIteration;
        ma_uint64 frameCountOutThisIteration;
        const void* pRunningFramesIn = NULL;
        void* pRunningFramesOut = NULL;
        const void* pChannelsBufferIn;
        void* pResampleBufferOut;

        if (pFramesIn != NULL) {
            pRunningFramesIn  = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesIn,  framesProcessedIn  * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatIn, pConverter->config.channelsIn));
        }
        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, framesProcessedOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConverter->config.formatOut, pConverter->config.channelsOut));
        }

        /* Run input data through the channel converter and output it to the temporary buffer. */
        frameCountInThisIteration = (frameCountIn - framesProcessedIn);

        if (pConverter->hasPreFormatConversion) {
            if (frameCountInThisIteration > tempBufferInCap) {
                frameCountInThisIteration = tempBufferInCap;
            }

            if (pRunningFramesIn != NULL) {
                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pTempBufferIn, pConverter->channelConverter.format, pRunningFramesIn, pConverter->config.formatIn, frameCountInThisIteration, pConverter->config.channelsIn, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
                pChannelsBufferIn = pTempBufferIn;
            } else {
                pChannelsBufferIn = NULL;
            }
        } else {
            pChannelsBufferIn = pRunningFramesIn;
        }

        /*
        We can't convert more frames than will fit in the output buffer. We shouldn't actually need to do this check because the channel count is always reduced
        in this case which means we should always have capacity, but I'm leaving it here just for safety for future maintenance.
        */
        if (frameCountInThisIteration > tempBufferMidCap) {
            frameCountInThisIteration = tempBufferMidCap;
        }

        /*
        Make sure we don't read any more input frames than we need to fill the output frame count. If we do this we will end up in a situation where we lose some
        input samples and will end up glitching.
        */
        frameCountOutThisIteration = (frameCountOut - framesProcessedOut);
        if (frameCountOutThisIteration > tempBufferMidCap) {
            frameCountOutThisIteration = tempBufferMidCap;
        }

        if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
            ma_uint64 requiredInputFrameCount;

            if (frameCountOutThisIteration > tempBufferOutCap) {
                frameCountOutThisIteration = tempBufferOutCap;
            }

            requiredInputFrameCount = ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(&pConverter->resampler, frameCountOutThisIteration);
            if (frameCountInThisIteration > requiredInputFrameCount) {
                frameCountInThisIteration = requiredInputFrameCount;
            }
        }

        result = ma_channel_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->channelConverter, pTempBufferMid, pChannelsBufferIn, frameCountInThisIteration);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }


        /* At this point we have converted the channels to the output channel count which we now need to resample. */
        if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
            pResampleBufferOut = pTempBufferOut;
        } else {
            pResampleBufferOut = pRunningFramesOut;
        }

        result = ma_resampler_process_pcm_frames(&pConverter->resampler, pTempBufferMid, &frameCountInThisIteration, pResampleBufferOut, &frameCountOutThisIteration);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }

        /* Finally we can do the post format conversion. */
        if (pConverter->hasPostFormatConversion) {
            if (pRunningFramesOut != NULL) {
                ma_convert_pcm_frames_format(pRunningFramesOut, pConverter->config.formatOut, pResampleBufferOut, pConverter->resampler.config.format, frameCountOutThisIteration, pConverter->config.channelsOut, pConverter->config.ditherMode);
            }
        }

        framesProcessedIn  += frameCountInThisIteration;
        framesProcessedOut += frameCountOutThisIteration;

        MA_ASSERT(framesProcessedIn  <= frameCountIn);
        MA_ASSERT(framesProcessedOut <= frameCountOut);

        if (frameCountOutThisIteration == 0) {
            break;  /* Consumed all of our input data. */
        }
    }

    if (pFrameCountIn != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountIn = framesProcessedIn;
    }
    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = framesProcessedOut;
    }
    
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(ma_data_converter* pConverter, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64* pFrameCountIn, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConverter->isPassthrough) {
        return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__passthrough(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
    }

    /*
    Here is where the real work is done. Getting here means we're not using a passthrough and we need to move the data through each of the relevant stages. The order
    of our stages depends on the input and output channel count. If the input channels is less than the output channels we want to do sample rate conversion first so
    that it has less work (resampling is the most expensive part of format conversion).
    */
    if (pConverter->config.channelsIn < pConverter->config.channelsOut) {
        /* Do resampling first, if necessary. */
        MA_ASSERT(pConverter->hasChannelConverter == MA_TRUE);

        if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
            /* Resampling first. */
            return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__resampling_first(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
        } else {
            /* Resampling not required. */
            return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__channels_only(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
        }
    } else {
        /* Do channel conversion first, if necessary. */
        if (pConverter->hasChannelConverter) {
            if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
                /* Channel routing first. */
                return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__channels_first(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
            } else {
                /* Resampling not required. */
                return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__channels_only(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
            }
        } else {
            /* Channel routing not required. */
            if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
                /* Resampling only. */
                return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__resample_only(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
            } else {
                /* No channel routing nor resampling required. Just format conversion. */
                return ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames__format_only(pConverter, pFramesIn, pFrameCountIn, pFramesOut, pFrameCountOut);
            }
        }
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_set_rate(ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler == MA_FALSE) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Dynamic resampling not enabled. */
    }

    return ma_resampler_set_rate(&pConverter->resampler, sampleRateIn, sampleRateOut);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_converter_set_rate_ratio(ma_data_converter* pConverter, float ratioInOut)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler == MA_FALSE) {
        return MA_INVALID_OPERATION;    /* Dynamic resampling not enabled. */
    }

    return ma_resampler_set_rate_ratio(&pConverter->resampler, ratioInOut);
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_data_converter_get_required_input_frame_count(ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_uint64 outputFrameCount)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
        return ma_resampler_get_required_input_frame_count(&pConverter->resampler, outputFrameCount);
    } else {
        return outputFrameCount;    /* 1:1 */
    }
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_data_converter_get_expected_output_frame_count(ma_data_converter* pConverter, ma_uint64 inputFrameCount)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
        return ma_resampler_get_expected_output_frame_count(&pConverter->resampler, inputFrameCount);
    } else {
        return inputFrameCount;     /* 1:1 */
    }
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_data_converter_get_input_latency(ma_data_converter* pConverter)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
        return ma_resampler_get_input_latency(&pConverter->resampler);
    }

    return 0;   /* No latency without a resampler. */
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_data_converter_get_output_latency(ma_data_converter* pConverter)
{
    if (pConverter == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pConverter->hasResampler) {
        return ma_resampler_get_output_latency(&pConverter->resampler);
    }

    return 0;   /* No latency without a resampler. */
}



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Channel Maps

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_microsoft(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    /* Based off the speaker configurations mentioned here: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-hardware/drivers/ddi/content/ksmedia/ns-ksmedia-ksaudio_channel_config */
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3: /* Not defined, but best guess. */
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
#ifndef MA_USE_QUAD_MICROSOFT_CHANNEL_MAP
            /* Surround. Using the Surround profile has the advantage of the 3rd channel (MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER) mapping nicely with higher channel counts. */
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
#else
            /* Quad. */
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
#endif
        } break;

        case 5: /* Not defined, but best guess. */
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 6:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 7: /* Not defined, but best guess. */
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 8:
        default:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[7] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 8) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 8; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-8));
        }
    }
}

static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_alsa(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 5:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 6:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;

        case 7:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 8:
        default:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[7] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 8) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 8; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-8));
        }
    }
}

static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_rfc3551(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 5:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 6:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 8) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 6; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-6));
        }
    }
}

static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_flac(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 5:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 6:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 7:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 8:
        default:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[7] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 8) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 8; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-8));
        }
    }
}

static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_vorbis(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    /* In Vorbis' type 0 channel mapping, the first two channels are not always the standard left/right - it will have the center speaker where the right usually goes. Why?! */
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 5:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 6:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;

        case 7:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;

        case 8:
        default:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[7] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 8) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 8; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-8));
        }
    }
}

static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_sound4(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 5:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 6:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;

        case 7:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_CENTER;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;

        case 8:
        default:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
            channelMap[6] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_LEFT;
            channelMap[7] = MA_CHANNEL_SIDE_RIGHT;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 8) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 8; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-8));
        }
    }
}

static void ma_get_standard_channel_map_sndio(ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    switch (channels)
    {
        case 1:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_MONO;
        } break;

        case 2:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 3:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 4:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
        } break;

        case 5:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
        } break;

        case 6:
        default:
        {
            channelMap[0] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_LEFT;
            channelMap[1] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_RIGHT;
            channelMap[2] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_LEFT;
            channelMap[3] = MA_CHANNEL_BACK_RIGHT;
            channelMap[4] = MA_CHANNEL_FRONT_CENTER;
            channelMap[5] = MA_CHANNEL_LFE;
        } break;
    }

    /* Remainder. */
    if (channels > 6) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 6; iChannel < MA_MAX_CHANNELS; ++iChannel) {
            channelMap[iChannel] = (ma_channel)(MA_CHANNEL_AUX_0 + (iChannel-6));
        }
    }
}

MA_API void ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map standardChannelMap, ma_uint32 channels, ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    switch (standardChannelMap)
    {
        case ma_standard_channel_map_alsa:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_alsa(channels, channelMap);
        } break;

        case ma_standard_channel_map_rfc3551:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_rfc3551(channels, channelMap);
        } break;

        case ma_standard_channel_map_flac:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_flac(channels, channelMap);
        } break;

        case ma_standard_channel_map_vorbis:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_vorbis(channels, channelMap);
        } break;

        case ma_standard_channel_map_sound4:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_sound4(channels, channelMap);
        } break;
        
        case ma_standard_channel_map_sndio:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_sndio(channels, channelMap);
        } break;

        case ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft:
        default:
        {
            ma_get_standard_channel_map_microsoft(channels, channelMap);
        } break;
    }
}

MA_API void ma_channel_map_copy(ma_channel* pOut, const ma_channel* pIn, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    if (pOut != NULL && pIn != NULL && channels > 0) {
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pOut, pIn, sizeof(*pOut) * channels);
    }
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_valid(ma_uint32 channels, const ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    if (channelMap == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    /* A channel count of 0 is invalid. */
    if (channels == 0) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    /* It does not make sense to have a mono channel when there is more than 1 channel. */
    if (channels > 1) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
            if (channelMap[iChannel] == MA_CHANNEL_MONO) {
                return MA_FALSE;
            }
        }
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_equal(ma_uint32 channels, const ma_channel channelMapA[MA_MAX_CHANNELS], const ma_channel channelMapB[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    if (channelMapA == channelMapB) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    if (channels == 0 || channels > MA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
        if (channelMapA[iChannel] != channelMapB[iChannel]) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_blank(ma_uint32 channels, const ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS])
{
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
        if (channelMap[iChannel] != MA_CHANNEL_NONE) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_channel_map_contains_channel_position(ma_uint32 channels, const ma_channel channelMap[MA_MAX_CHANNELS], ma_channel channelPosition)
{
    ma_uint32 iChannel;
    for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < channels; ++iChannel) {
        if (channelMap[iChannel] == channelPosition) {
            return MA_TRUE;
        }
    }

    return MA_FALSE;
}



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Conversion Helpers

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_uint64 ma_convert_frames(void* pOut, ma_uint64 frameCountOut, ma_format formatOut, ma_uint32 channelsOut, ma_uint32 sampleRateOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 frameCountIn, ma_format formatIn, ma_uint32 channelsIn, ma_uint32 sampleRateIn)
{
    ma_data_converter_config config;

    config = ma_data_converter_config_init(formatIn, formatOut, channelsIn, channelsOut, sampleRateIn, sampleRateOut);
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, channelsOut, config.channelMapOut);
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, channelsIn,  config.channelMapIn);
    config.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = ma_min(MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);

    return ma_convert_frames_ex(pOut, frameCountOut, pIn, frameCountIn, &config);
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_convert_frames_ex(void* pOut, ma_uint64 frameCountOut, const void* pIn, ma_uint64 frameCountIn, const ma_data_converter_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_data_converter converter;

    if (frameCountIn == 0 || pConfig == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    result = ma_data_converter_init(pConfig, &converter);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return 0;   /* Failed to initialize the data converter. */
    }

    if (pOut == NULL) {
        frameCountOut = ma_data_converter_get_expected_output_frame_count(&converter, frameCountIn);
    } else {
        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&converter, pIn, &frameCountIn, pOut, &frameCountOut);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            frameCountOut = 0;
        }
    }

    ma_data_converter_uninit(&converter);
    return frameCountOut;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Ring Buffer

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_rb__extract_offset_in_bytes(ma_uint32 encodedOffset)
{
    return encodedOffset & 0x7FFFFFFF;
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_rb__extract_offset_loop_flag(ma_uint32 encodedOffset)
{
    return encodedOffset & 0x80000000;
}

static MA_INLINE void* ma_rb__get_read_ptr(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pRB != NULL);
    return ma_offset_ptr(pRB->pBuffer, ma_rb__extract_offset_in_bytes(pRB->encodedReadOffset));
}

static MA_INLINE void* ma_rb__get_write_ptr(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pRB != NULL);
    return ma_offset_ptr(pRB->pBuffer, ma_rb__extract_offset_in_bytes(pRB->encodedWriteOffset));
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_rb__construct_offset(ma_uint32 offsetInBytes, ma_uint32 offsetLoopFlag)
{
    return offsetLoopFlag | offsetInBytes;
}

static MA_INLINE void ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(ma_uint32 encodedOffset, ma_uint32* pOffsetInBytes, ma_uint32* pOffsetLoopFlag)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pOffsetInBytes != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pOffsetLoopFlag != NULL);

    *pOffsetInBytes  = ma_rb__extract_offset_in_bytes(encodedOffset);
    *pOffsetLoopFlag = ma_rb__extract_offset_loop_flag(encodedOffset);
}


MA_API ma_result ma_rb_init_ex(size_t subbufferSizeInBytes, size_t subbufferCount, size_t subbufferStrideInBytes, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_rb* pRB)
{
    ma_result result;
    const ma_uint32 maxSubBufferSize = 0x7FFFFFFF - (MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT-1);

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (subbufferSizeInBytes == 0 || subbufferCount == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (subbufferSizeInBytes > maxSubBufferSize) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;    /* Maximum buffer size is ~2GB. The most significant bit is a flag for use internally. */
    }


    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pRB);

    result = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pRB->allocationCallbacks, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes = (ma_uint32)subbufferSizeInBytes;
    pRB->subbufferCount = (ma_uint32)subbufferCount;

    if (pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer != NULL) {
        pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes = (ma_uint32)subbufferStrideInBytes;
        pRB->pBuffer = pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer;
    } else {
        size_t bufferSizeInBytes;

        /*
        Here is where we allocate our own buffer. We always want to align this to MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT for future SIMD optimization opportunity. To do this
        we need to make sure the stride is a multiple of MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT.
        */
        pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes = (pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes + (MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT-1)) & ~MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT;

        bufferSizeInBytes = (size_t)pRB->subbufferCount*pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes;
        pRB->pBuffer = ma_aligned_malloc(bufferSizeInBytes, MA_SIMD_ALIGNMENT, &pRB->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pRB->pBuffer == NULL) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pRB->pBuffer, bufferSizeInBytes);
        pRB->ownsBuffer = MA_TRUE;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_init(size_t bufferSizeInBytes, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_rb* pRB)
{
    return ma_rb_init_ex(bufferSizeInBytes, 1, 0, pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, pAllocationCallbacks, pRB);
}

MA_API void ma_rb_uninit(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (pRB->ownsBuffer) {
        ma_aligned_free(pRB->pBuffer, &pRB->allocationCallbacks);
    }
}

MA_API void ma_rb_reset(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    pRB->encodedReadOffset  = 0;
    pRB->encodedWriteOffset = 0;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_acquire_read(ma_rb* pRB, size_t* pSizeInBytes, void** ppBufferOut)
{
    ma_uint32 writeOffset;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 readOffset;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetLoopFlag;
    size_t bytesAvailable;
    size_t bytesRequested;

    if (pRB == NULL || pSizeInBytes == NULL || ppBufferOut == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The returned buffer should never move ahead of the write pointer. */
    writeOffset = pRB->encodedWriteOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(writeOffset, &writeOffsetInBytes, &writeOffsetLoopFlag);

    readOffset = pRB->encodedReadOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(readOffset, &readOffsetInBytes, &readOffsetLoopFlag);

    /*
    The number of bytes available depends on whether or not the read and write pointers are on the same loop iteration. If so, we
    can only read up to the write pointer. If not, we can only read up to the end of the buffer.
    */
    if (readOffsetLoopFlag == writeOffsetLoopFlag) {
        bytesAvailable = writeOffsetInBytes - readOffsetInBytes;
    } else {
        bytesAvailable = pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes - readOffsetInBytes;
    }

    bytesRequested = *pSizeInBytes;
    if (bytesRequested > bytesAvailable) {
        bytesRequested = bytesAvailable;
    }

    *pSizeInBytes = bytesRequested;
    (*ppBufferOut) = ma_rb__get_read_ptr(pRB);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_commit_read(ma_rb* pRB, size_t sizeInBytes, void* pBufferOut)
{
    ma_uint32 readOffset;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 newReadOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 newReadOffsetLoopFlag;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Validate the buffer. */
    if (pBufferOut != ma_rb__get_read_ptr(pRB)) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    readOffset = pRB->encodedReadOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(readOffset, &readOffsetInBytes, &readOffsetLoopFlag);

    /* Check that sizeInBytes is correct. It should never go beyond the end of the buffer. */
    newReadOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(readOffsetInBytes + sizeInBytes);
    if (newReadOffsetInBytes > pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;    /* <-- sizeInBytes will cause the read offset to overflow. */
    }

    /* Move the read pointer back to the start if necessary. */
    newReadOffsetLoopFlag = readOffsetLoopFlag;
    if (newReadOffsetInBytes == pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
        newReadOffsetInBytes = 0;
        newReadOffsetLoopFlag ^= 0x80000000;
    }

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pRB->encodedReadOffset, ma_rb__construct_offset(newReadOffsetLoopFlag, newReadOffsetInBytes));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_acquire_write(ma_rb* pRB, size_t* pSizeInBytes, void** ppBufferOut)
{
    ma_uint32 readOffset;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 writeOffset;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetLoopFlag;
    size_t bytesAvailable;
    size_t bytesRequested;

    if (pRB == NULL || pSizeInBytes == NULL || ppBufferOut == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* The returned buffer should never overtake the read buffer. */
    readOffset = pRB->encodedReadOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(readOffset, &readOffsetInBytes, &readOffsetLoopFlag);

    writeOffset = pRB->encodedWriteOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(writeOffset, &writeOffsetInBytes, &writeOffsetLoopFlag);

    /*
    In the case of writing, if the write pointer and the read pointer are on the same loop iteration we can only
    write up to the end of the buffer. Otherwise we can only write up to the read pointer. The write pointer should
    never overtake the read pointer.
    */
    if (writeOffsetLoopFlag == readOffsetLoopFlag) {
        bytesAvailable = pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes - writeOffsetInBytes;
    } else {
        bytesAvailable = readOffsetInBytes - writeOffsetInBytes;
    }

    bytesRequested = *pSizeInBytes;
    if (bytesRequested > bytesAvailable) {
        bytesRequested = bytesAvailable;
    }

    *pSizeInBytes = bytesRequested;
    *ppBufferOut  = ma_rb__get_write_ptr(pRB);

    /* Clear the buffer if desired. */
    if (pRB->clearOnWriteAcquire) {
        MA_ZERO_MEMORY(*ppBufferOut, *pSizeInBytes);
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_commit_write(ma_rb* pRB, size_t sizeInBytes, void* pBufferOut)
{
    ma_uint32 writeOffset;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 newWriteOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 newWriteOffsetLoopFlag;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    /* Validate the buffer. */
    if (pBufferOut != ma_rb__get_write_ptr(pRB)) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    writeOffset = pRB->encodedWriteOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(writeOffset, &writeOffsetInBytes, &writeOffsetLoopFlag);

    /* Check that sizeInBytes is correct. It should never go beyond the end of the buffer. */
    newWriteOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(writeOffsetInBytes + sizeInBytes);
    if (newWriteOffsetInBytes > pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;    /* <-- sizeInBytes will cause the read offset to overflow. */
    }

    /* Move the read pointer back to the start if necessary. */
    newWriteOffsetLoopFlag = writeOffsetLoopFlag;
    if (newWriteOffsetInBytes == pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
        newWriteOffsetInBytes = 0;
        newWriteOffsetLoopFlag ^= 0x80000000;
    }

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pRB->encodedWriteOffset, ma_rb__construct_offset(newWriteOffsetLoopFlag, newWriteOffsetInBytes));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_seek_read(ma_rb* pRB, size_t offsetInBytes)
{
    ma_uint32 readOffset;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 writeOffset;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 newReadOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 newReadOffsetLoopFlag;

    if (pRB == NULL || offsetInBytes > pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    readOffset = pRB->encodedReadOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(readOffset, &readOffsetInBytes, &readOffsetLoopFlag);

    writeOffset = pRB->encodedWriteOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(writeOffset, &writeOffsetInBytes, &writeOffsetLoopFlag);

    newReadOffsetInBytes = readOffsetInBytes;
    newReadOffsetLoopFlag = readOffsetLoopFlag;

    /* We cannot go past the write buffer. */
    if (readOffsetLoopFlag == writeOffsetLoopFlag) {
        if ((readOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes) > writeOffsetInBytes) {
            newReadOffsetInBytes = writeOffsetInBytes;
        } else {
            newReadOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(readOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes);
        }
    } else {
        /* May end up looping. */
        if ((readOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes) >= pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
            newReadOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(readOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes) - pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes;
            newReadOffsetLoopFlag ^= 0x80000000;    /* <-- Looped. */
        } else {
            newReadOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(readOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes);
        }
    }

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pRB->encodedReadOffset, ma_rb__construct_offset(newReadOffsetInBytes, newReadOffsetLoopFlag));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_rb_seek_write(ma_rb* pRB, size_t offsetInBytes)
{
    ma_uint32 readOffset;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 writeOffset;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 newWriteOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 newWriteOffsetLoopFlag;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    readOffset = pRB->encodedReadOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(readOffset, &readOffsetInBytes, &readOffsetLoopFlag);

    writeOffset = pRB->encodedWriteOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(writeOffset, &writeOffsetInBytes, &writeOffsetLoopFlag);

    newWriteOffsetInBytes = writeOffsetInBytes;
    newWriteOffsetLoopFlag = writeOffsetLoopFlag;

    /* We cannot go past the write buffer. */
    if (readOffsetLoopFlag == writeOffsetLoopFlag) {
        /* May end up looping. */
        if ((writeOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes) >= pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes) {
            newWriteOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(writeOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes) - pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes;
            newWriteOffsetLoopFlag ^= 0x80000000;    /* <-- Looped. */
        } else {
            newWriteOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(writeOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes);
        }
    } else {
        if ((writeOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes) > readOffsetInBytes) {
            newWriteOffsetInBytes = readOffsetInBytes;
        } else {
            newWriteOffsetInBytes = (ma_uint32)(writeOffsetInBytes + offsetInBytes);
        }
    }

    c89atomic_exchange_32(&pRB->encodedWriteOffset, ma_rb__construct_offset(newWriteOffsetInBytes, newWriteOffsetLoopFlag));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_int32 ma_rb_pointer_distance(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    ma_uint32 readOffset;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 readOffsetLoopFlag;
    ma_uint32 writeOffset;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetInBytes;
    ma_uint32 writeOffsetLoopFlag;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    readOffset = pRB->encodedReadOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(readOffset, &readOffsetInBytes, &readOffsetLoopFlag);

    writeOffset = pRB->encodedWriteOffset;
    ma_rb__deconstruct_offset(writeOffset, &writeOffsetInBytes, &writeOffsetLoopFlag);

    if (readOffsetLoopFlag == writeOffsetLoopFlag) {
        return writeOffsetInBytes - readOffsetInBytes;
    } else {
        return writeOffsetInBytes + (pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes - readOffsetInBytes);
    }
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_rb_available_read(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    ma_int32 dist;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    dist = ma_rb_pointer_distance(pRB);
    if (dist < 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    return dist;
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_rb_available_write(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return (ma_uint32)(ma_rb_get_subbuffer_size(pRB) - ma_rb_pointer_distance(pRB));
}

MA_API size_t ma_rb_get_subbuffer_size(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes;
}

MA_API size_t ma_rb_get_subbuffer_stride(ma_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes == 0) {
        return (size_t)pRB->subbufferSizeInBytes;
    }

    return (size_t)pRB->subbufferStrideInBytes;
}

MA_API size_t ma_rb_get_subbuffer_offset(ma_rb* pRB, size_t subbufferIndex)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return subbufferIndex * ma_rb_get_subbuffer_stride(pRB);
}

MA_API void* ma_rb_get_subbuffer_ptr(ma_rb* pRB, size_t subbufferIndex, void* pBuffer)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return ma_offset_ptr(pBuffer, ma_rb_get_subbuffer_offset(pRB, subbufferIndex));
}


static MA_INLINE ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pRB != NULL);

    return ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pRB->format, pRB->channels);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_init_ex(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 subbufferSizeInFrames, ma_uint32 subbufferCount, ma_uint32 subbufferStrideInFrames, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    ma_uint32 bpf;
    ma_result result;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pRB);

    bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels);
    if (bpf == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    result = ma_rb_init_ex(subbufferSizeInFrames*bpf, subbufferCount, subbufferStrideInFrames*bpf, pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, pAllocationCallbacks, &pRB->rb);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pRB->format   = format;
    pRB->channels = channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 bufferSizeInFrames, void* pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    return ma_pcm_rb_init_ex(format, channels, bufferSizeInFrames, 1, 0, pOptionalPreallocatedBuffer, pAllocationCallbacks, pRB);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_rb_uninit(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    ma_rb_uninit(&pRB->rb);
}

MA_API void ma_pcm_rb_reset(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    ma_rb_reset(&pRB->rb);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_acquire_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32* pSizeInFrames, void** ppBufferOut)
{
    size_t sizeInBytes;
    ma_result result;

    if (pRB == NULL || pSizeInFrames == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    sizeInBytes = *pSizeInFrames * ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB);

    result = ma_rb_acquire_read(&pRB->rb, &sizeInBytes, ppBufferOut);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    *pSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)(sizeInBytes / (size_t)ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_commit_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 sizeInFrames, void* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_rb_commit_read(&pRB->rb, sizeInFrames * ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB), pBufferOut);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_acquire_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32* pSizeInFrames, void** ppBufferOut)
{
    size_t sizeInBytes;
    ma_result result;

    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    sizeInBytes = *pSizeInFrames * ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB);

    result = ma_rb_acquire_write(&pRB->rb, &sizeInBytes, ppBufferOut);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    *pSizeInFrames = (ma_uint32)(sizeInBytes / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_commit_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 sizeInFrames, void* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_rb_commit_write(&pRB->rb, sizeInFrames * ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB), pBufferOut);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_seek_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 offsetInFrames)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_rb_seek_read(&pRB->rb, offsetInFrames * ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
}

MA_API ma_result ma_pcm_rb_seek_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 offsetInFrames)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return ma_rb_seek_write(&pRB->rb, offsetInFrames * ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
}

MA_API ma_int32 ma_pcm_rb_pointer_distance(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_rb_pointer_distance(&pRB->rb) / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_available_read(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_rb_available_read(&pRB->rb) / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_available_write(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return ma_rb_available_write(&pRB->rb) / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB);
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_size(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return (ma_uint32)(ma_rb_get_subbuffer_size(&pRB->rb) / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_stride(ma_pcm_rb* pRB)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return (ma_uint32)(ma_rb_get_subbuffer_stride(&pRB->rb) / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
}

MA_API ma_uint32 ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_offset(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 subbufferIndex)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return (ma_uint32)(ma_rb_get_subbuffer_offset(&pRB->rb, subbufferIndex) / ma_pcm_rb_get_bpf(pRB));
}

MA_API void* ma_pcm_rb_get_subbuffer_ptr(ma_pcm_rb* pRB, ma_uint32 subbufferIndex, void* pBuffer)
{
    if (pRB == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    return ma_rb_get_subbuffer_ptr(&pRB->rb, subbufferIndex, pBuffer);
}



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Miscellaneous Helpers

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API const char* ma_result_description(ma_result result)
{
    switch (result)
    {
        case MA_SUCCESS:                       return "No error";
        case MA_ERROR:                         return "Unknown error";
        case MA_INVALID_ARGS:                  return "Invalid argument";
        case MA_INVALID_OPERATION:             return "Invalid operation";
        case MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY:                 return "Out of memory";
        case MA_OUT_OF_RANGE:                  return "Out of range";
        case MA_ACCESS_DENIED:                 return "Permission denied";
        case MA_DOES_NOT_EXIST:                return "Resource does not exist";
        case MA_ALREADY_EXISTS:                return "Resource already exists";
        case MA_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES:           return "Too many open files";
        case MA_INVALID_FILE:                  return "Invalid file";
        case MA_TOO_BIG:                       return "Too large";
        case MA_PATH_TOO_LONG:                 return "Path too long";
        case MA_NAME_TOO_LONG:                 return "Name too long";
        case MA_NOT_DIRECTORY:                 return "Not a directory";
        case MA_IS_DIRECTORY:                  return "Is a directory";
        case MA_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY:           return "Directory not empty";
        case MA_END_OF_FILE:                   return "End of file";
        case MA_NO_SPACE:                      return "No space available";
        case MA_BUSY:                          return "Device or resource busy";
        case MA_IO_ERROR:                      return "Input/output error";
        case MA_INTERRUPT:                     return "Interrupted";
        case MA_UNAVAILABLE:                   return "Resource unavailable";
        case MA_ALREADY_IN_USE:                return "Resource already in use";
        case MA_BAD_ADDRESS:                   return "Bad address";
        case MA_BAD_SEEK:                      return "Illegal seek";
        case MA_BAD_PIPE:                      return "Broken pipe";
        case MA_DEADLOCK:                      return "Deadlock";
        case MA_TOO_MANY_LINKS:                return "Too many links";
        case MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED:               return "Not implemented";
        case MA_NO_MESSAGE:                    return "No message of desired type";
        case MA_BAD_MESSAGE:                   return "Invalid message";
        case MA_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE:             return "No data available";
        case MA_INVALID_DATA:                  return "Invalid data";
        case MA_TIMEOUT:                       return "Timeout";
        case MA_NO_NETWORK:                    return "Network unavailable";
        case MA_NOT_UNIQUE:                    return "Not unique";
        case MA_NOT_SOCKET:                    return "Socket operation on non-socket";
        case MA_NO_ADDRESS:                    return "Destination address required";
        case MA_BAD_PROTOCOL:                  return "Protocol wrong type for socket";
        case MA_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE:          return "Protocol not available";
        case MA_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED:        return "Protocol not supported";
        case MA_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED: return "Protocol family not supported";
        case MA_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED:  return "Address family not supported";
        case MA_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED:          return "Socket type not supported";
        case MA_CONNECTION_RESET:              return "Connection reset";
        case MA_ALREADY_CONNECTED:             return "Already connected";
        case MA_NOT_CONNECTED:                 return "Not connected";
        case MA_CONNECTION_REFUSED:            return "Connection refused";
        case MA_NO_HOST:                       return "No host";
        case MA_IN_PROGRESS:                   return "Operation in progress";
        case MA_CANCELLED:                     return "Operation cancelled";
        case MA_MEMORY_ALREADY_MAPPED:         return "Memory already mapped";
        case MA_AT_END:                        return "Reached end of collection";

        case MA_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED:          return "Format not supported";
        case MA_DEVICE_TYPE_NOT_SUPPORTED:     return "Device type not supported";
        case MA_SHARE_MODE_NOT_SUPPORTED:      return "Share mode not supported";
        case MA_NO_BACKEND:                    return "No backend";
        case MA_NO_DEVICE:                     return "No device";
        case MA_API_NOT_FOUND:                 return "API not found";
        case MA_INVALID_DEVICE_CONFIG:         return "Invalid device config";

        case MA_DEVICE_NOT_INITIALIZED:        return "Device not initialized";
        case MA_DEVICE_NOT_STARTED:            return "Device not started";

        case MA_FAILED_TO_INIT_BACKEND:        return "Failed to initialize backend";
        case MA_FAILED_TO_OPEN_BACKEND_DEVICE: return "Failed to open backend device";
        case MA_FAILED_TO_START_BACKEND_DEVICE: return "Failed to start backend device";
        case MA_FAILED_TO_STOP_BACKEND_DEVICE: return "Failed to stop backend device";

        default:                               return "Unknown error";
    }
}

MA_API void* ma_malloc(size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        return ma__malloc_from_callbacks(sz, pAllocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        return ma__malloc_default(sz, NULL);
    }
}

MA_API void* ma_realloc(void* p, size_t sz, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
            return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(p, sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        } else {
            return NULL;    /* This requires a native implementation of realloc(). */
        }
    } else {
        return ma__realloc_default(p, sz, NULL);
    }
}

MA_API void ma_free(void* p, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(p, pAllocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        ma__free_default(p, NULL);
    }
}

MA_API void* ma_aligned_malloc(size_t sz, size_t alignment, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    size_t extraBytes;
    void* pUnaligned;
    void* pAligned;

    if (alignment == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    extraBytes = alignment-1 + sizeof(void*);

    pUnaligned = ma_malloc(sz + extraBytes, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pUnaligned == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    pAligned = (void*)(((ma_uintptr)pUnaligned + extraBytes) & ~((ma_uintptr)(alignment-1)));
    ((void**)pAligned)[-1] = pUnaligned;

    return pAligned;
}

MA_API void ma_aligned_free(void* p, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    ma_free(((void**)p)[-1], pAllocationCallbacks);
}

MA_API const char* ma_get_format_name(ma_format format)
{
    switch (format)
    {
        case ma_format_unknown: return "Unknown";
        case ma_format_u8:      return "8-bit Unsigned Integer";
        case ma_format_s16:     return "16-bit Signed Integer";
        case ma_format_s24:     return "24-bit Signed Integer (Tightly Packed)";
        case ma_format_s32:     return "32-bit Signed Integer";
        case ma_format_f32:     return "32-bit IEEE Floating Point";
        default:                return "Invalid";
    }
}

MA_API void ma_blend_f32(float* pOut, float* pInA, float* pInB, float factor, ma_uint32 channels)
{
    ma_uint32 i;
    for (i = 0; i < channels; ++i) {
        pOut[i] = ma_mix_f32(pInA[i], pInB[i], factor);
    }
}


MA_API ma_uint32 ma_get_bytes_per_sample(ma_format format)
{
    ma_uint32 sizes[] = {
        0,  /* unknown */
        1,  /* u8 */
        2,  /* s16 */
        3,  /* s24 */
        4,  /* s32 */
        4,  /* f32 */
    };
    return sizes[format];
}



MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead, ma_bool32 loop)
{
    ma_data_source_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_data_source_callbacks*)pDataSource;
    if (pCallbacks == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onRead == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    /* A very small optimization for the non looping case. */
    if (loop == MA_FALSE) {
        return pCallbacks->onRead(pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, pFramesRead);
    } else {
        ma_format format;
        ma_uint32 channels;
        if (ma_data_source_get_data_format(pDataSource, &format, &channels) != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return pCallbacks->onRead(pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, pFramesRead); /* We don't have a way to retrieve the data format which means we don't know how to offset the output buffer. Just read as much as we can. */
        } else {
            ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
            ma_uint64 totalFramesProcessed;
            void* pRunningFramesOut = pFramesOut;

            totalFramesProcessed = 0;
            while (totalFramesProcessed < frameCount) {
                ma_uint64 framesProcessed;
                ma_uint64 framesRemaining = frameCount - totalFramesProcessed;

                result = pCallbacks->onRead(pDataSource, pRunningFramesOut, framesRemaining, &framesProcessed);
                totalFramesProcessed += framesProcessed;

                /*
                If we encounted an error from the read callback, make sure it's propagated to the caller. The caller may need to know whether or not MA_BUSY is returned which is
                not necessarily considered an error. 
                */
                if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
                    break;
                }

                /*
                We can determine if we've reached the end by checking the return value of the onRead() callback. If it's less than what we requested it means
                we've reached the end. To loop back to the start, all we need to do is seek back to the first frame.
                */
                if (framesProcessed < framesRemaining) {
                    if (ma_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame(pDataSource, 0) != MA_SUCCESS) {
                        break;
                    }
                }

                if (pRunningFramesOut != NULL) {
                    pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pRunningFramesOut, framesProcessed * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(format, channels));
                }
            }

            *pFramesRead = totalFramesProcessed;
            return result;
        }
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_seek_pcm_frames(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesSeeked, ma_bool32 loop)
{
    return ma_data_source_read_pcm_frames(pDataSource, NULL, frameCount, pFramesSeeked, loop);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    ma_data_source_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_data_source_callbacks*)pDataSource;
    if (pCallbacks == NULL || pCallbacks->onSeek == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onSeek(pDataSource, frameIndex);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_map(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void** ppFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCount)
{
    ma_data_source_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_data_source_callbacks*)pDataSource;
    if (pCallbacks == NULL || pCallbacks->onMap == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onMap(pDataSource, ppFramesOut, pFrameCount);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_unmap(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_data_source_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_data_source_callbacks*)pDataSource;
    if (pCallbacks == NULL || pCallbacks->onUnmap == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onUnmap(pDataSource, frameCount);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_data_source_get_data_format(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_format format;
    ma_uint32 channels;
    ma_data_source_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_data_source_callbacks*)pDataSource;

    if (pCallbacks == NULL || pCallbacks->onGetDataFormat == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    result = pCallbacks->onGetDataFormat(pDataSource, &format, &channels);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    if (pFormat != NULL) {
        *pFormat = format;
    }
    if (pChannels != NULL) {
        *pChannels = channels;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}



MA_API ma_audio_buffer_config ma_audio_buffer_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint64 sizeInFrames, const void* pData, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    ma_audio_buffer_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sizeInFrames = sizeInFrames;
    config.pData = pData;
    ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&config.allocationCallbacks, pAllocationCallbacks);

    return config;
}


static ma_result ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_read(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_uint64 framesRead = ma_audio_buffer_read_pcm_frames((ma_audio_buffer*)pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount, MA_FALSE);

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = framesRead;
    }

    if (framesRead < frameCount) {
        return MA_AT_END;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_seek(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    return ma_audio_buffer_seek_to_pcm_frame((ma_audio_buffer*)pDataSource, frameIndex);
}

static ma_result ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_map(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void** ppFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCount)
{
    return ma_audio_buffer_map((ma_audio_buffer*)pDataSource, ppFramesOut, pFrameCount);
}

static ma_result ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_unmap(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    return ma_audio_buffer_unmap((ma_audio_buffer*)pDataSource, frameCount);
}

static ma_result ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_get_data_format(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels)
{
    ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer = (ma_audio_buffer*)pDataSource;

    *pFormat   = pAudioBuffer->format;
    *pChannels = pAudioBuffer->channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_audio_buffer_init_ex(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_bool32 doCopy, ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer)
{
    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pAudioBuffer, sizeof(*pAudioBuffer) - sizeof(pAudioBuffer->_pExtraData));   /* Safety. Don't overwrite the extra data. */

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConfig->sizeInFrames == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS; /* Not allowing buffer sizes of 0 frames. */
    }

    pAudioBuffer->ds.onRead          = ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_read;
    pAudioBuffer->ds.onSeek          = ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_seek;
    pAudioBuffer->ds.onMap           = ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_map;
    pAudioBuffer->ds.onUnmap         = ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_unmap;
    pAudioBuffer->ds.onGetDataFormat = ma_audio_buffer__data_source_on_get_data_format;
    pAudioBuffer->format             = pConfig->format;
    pAudioBuffer->channels           = pConfig->channels;
    pAudioBuffer->cursor             = 0;
    pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames       = pConfig->sizeInFrames;
    pAudioBuffer->pData              = NULL;  /* Set properly later. */
    ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pAudioBuffer->allocationCallbacks, &pConfig->allocationCallbacks);

    if (doCopy) {
        ma_uint64 allocationSizeInBytes;
        void* pData;

        allocationSizeInBytes = pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pAudioBuffer->format, pAudioBuffer->channels);
        if (allocationSizeInBytes > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;    /* Too big. */
        }

        pData = ma__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)allocationSizeInBytes, &pAudioBuffer->allocationCallbacks);   /* Safe cast to size_t. */
        if (pData == NULL) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        if (pConfig->pData != NULL) {
            ma_copy_pcm_frames(pData, pConfig->pData, pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames, pAudioBuffer->format, pAudioBuffer->channels);
        } else {
            ma_silence_pcm_frames(pData, pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames, pAudioBuffer->format, pAudioBuffer->channels);
        }

        pAudioBuffer->pData    = pData;
        pAudioBuffer->ownsData = MA_TRUE;
    } else {
        pAudioBuffer->pData    = pConfig->pData;
        pAudioBuffer->ownsData = MA_FALSE;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_audio_buffer_uninit_ex(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_bool32 doFree)
{
    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (pAudioBuffer->ownsData && pAudioBuffer->pData != &pAudioBuffer->_pExtraData[0]) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks((void*)pAudioBuffer->pData, &pAudioBuffer->allocationCallbacks);    /* Naugty const cast, but OK in this case since we've guarded it with the ownsData check. */
    }

    if (doFree) {
        ma_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks = pAudioBuffer->allocationCallbacks;
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pAudioBuffer, &allocationCallbacks);
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_init(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer)
{
    return ma_audio_buffer_init_ex(pConfig, MA_FALSE, pAudioBuffer);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_init_copy(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer)
{
    return ma_audio_buffer_init_ex(pConfig, MA_TRUE, pAudioBuffer);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_alloc_and_init(const ma_audio_buffer_config* pConfig, ma_audio_buffer** ppAudioBuffer)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer;
    ma_audio_buffer_config innerConfig; /* We'll be making some changes to the config, so need to make a copy. */
    ma_uint64 allocationSizeInBytes;

    if (ppAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *ppAudioBuffer = NULL;  /* Safety. */

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    innerConfig = *pConfig;
    ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&innerConfig.allocationCallbacks, &pConfig->allocationCallbacks);

    allocationSizeInBytes = sizeof(*pAudioBuffer) - sizeof(pAudioBuffer->_pExtraData) + (pConfig->sizeInFrames * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pConfig->format, pConfig->channels));
    if (allocationSizeInBytes > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;    /* Too big. */
    }

    pAudioBuffer = (ma_audio_buffer*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)allocationSizeInBytes, &innerConfig.allocationCallbacks);  /* Safe cast to size_t. */
    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    if (pConfig->pData != NULL) {
        ma_copy_pcm_frames(&pAudioBuffer->_pExtraData[0], pConfig->pData, pConfig->sizeInFrames, pConfig->format, pConfig->channels);
    } else {
        ma_silence_pcm_frames(&pAudioBuffer->_pExtraData[0], pConfig->sizeInFrames, pConfig->format, pConfig->channels);
    }

    innerConfig.pData = &pAudioBuffer->_pExtraData[0];

    result = ma_audio_buffer_init_ex(&innerConfig, MA_FALSE, pAudioBuffer);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pAudioBuffer, &innerConfig.allocationCallbacks);
        return result;
    }

    *ppAudioBuffer = pAudioBuffer;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API void ma_audio_buffer_uninit(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer)
{
    ma_audio_buffer_uninit_ex(pAudioBuffer, MA_FALSE);
}

MA_API void ma_audio_buffer_uninit_and_free(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer)
{
    ma_audio_buffer_uninit_ex(pAudioBuffer, MA_TRUE);
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_audio_buffer_read_pcm_frames(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_bool32 loop)
{
    ma_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    
    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (frameCount == 0) {
        return 0;
    }

    while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
        ma_uint64 framesAvailable = pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames - pAudioBuffer->cursor;
        ma_uint64 framesRemaining = frameCount - totalFramesRead;
        ma_uint64 framesToRead;

        framesToRead = framesRemaining;
        if (framesToRead > framesAvailable) {
            framesToRead = framesAvailable;
        }

        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            ma_copy_pcm_frames(pFramesOut, ma_offset_ptr(pAudioBuffer->pData, pAudioBuffer->cursor * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pAudioBuffer->format, pAudioBuffer->channels)), frameCount, pAudioBuffer->format, pAudioBuffer->channels);
        }

        totalFramesRead += framesToRead;

        pAudioBuffer->cursor += framesToRead;
        if (pAudioBuffer->cursor == pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames) {
            if (loop) {
                pAudioBuffer->cursor = 0;
            } else {
                break;  /* We've reached the end and we're not looping. Done. */
            }
        }

        MA_ASSERT(pAudioBuffer->cursor < pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames);
    }

    return frameCount;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (frameIndex > pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pAudioBuffer->cursor = (size_t)frameIndex;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_map(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, void** ppFramesOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 framesAvailable;
    ma_uint64 frameCount = 0;

    if (ppFramesOut != NULL) {
        *ppFramesOut = NULL;    /* Safety. */
    }

    if (pFrameCount != NULL) {
        frameCount = *pFrameCount;
        *pFrameCount = 0;       /* Safety. */
    }

    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL || ppFramesOut == NULL || pFrameCount == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    framesAvailable = pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames - pAudioBuffer->cursor;
    if (frameCount > framesAvailable) {
        frameCount = framesAvailable;
    }

    *ppFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pAudioBuffer->pData, pAudioBuffer->cursor * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pAudioBuffer->format, pAudioBuffer->channels));
    *pFrameCount = frameCount;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_unmap(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 framesAvailable;

    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    framesAvailable = pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames - pAudioBuffer->cursor;
    if (frameCount > framesAvailable) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;   /* The frame count was too big. This should never happen in an unmapping. Need to make sure the caller is aware of this. */
    }

    pAudioBuffer->cursor += frameCount;

    if (pAudioBuffer->cursor == pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames) {
        return MA_AT_END;   /* Successful. Need to tell the caller that the end has been reached so that it can loop if desired. */
    } else {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
}

MA_API ma_result ma_audio_buffer_at_end(ma_audio_buffer* pAudioBuffer)
{
    if (pAudioBuffer == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    return pAudioBuffer->cursor == pAudioBuffer->sizeInFrames;
}



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

VFS

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_open(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pFile == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pFile = NULL;

    if (pVFS == NULL || pFilePath == NULL || openMode == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onOpen == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onOpen(pVFS, pFilePath, openMode, pFile);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_open_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pFile == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pFile = NULL;

    if (pVFS == NULL || pFilePath == NULL || openMode == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onOpenW == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onOpenW(pVFS, pFilePath, openMode, pFile);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_close(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pVFS == NULL || file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onClose == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onClose(pVFS, file);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_read(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, void* pDst, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesRead)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pBytesRead != NULL) {
        *pBytesRead = 0;
    }

    if (pVFS == NULL || file == NULL || pDst == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onRead == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onRead(pVFS, file, pDst, sizeInBytes, pBytesRead);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_write(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, const void* pSrc, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesWritten)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pBytesWritten == NULL) {
        *pBytesWritten = 0;
    }

    if (pVFS == NULL || file == NULL || pSrc == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onWrite == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onWrite(pVFS, file, pSrc, sizeInBytes, pBytesWritten);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_seek(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pVFS == NULL || file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onSeek == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onSeek(pVFS, file, offset, origin);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_tell(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* pCursor)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pCursor == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pCursor = 0;

    if (pVFS == NULL || file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onTell == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onTell(pVFS, file, pCursor);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_vfs_info(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo)
{
    ma_vfs_callbacks* pCallbacks = (ma_vfs_callbacks*)pVFS;

    if (pInfo == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pInfo);

    if (pVFS == NULL || file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pCallbacks->onInfo == NULL) {
        return MA_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    }

    return pCallbacks->onInfo(pVFS, file, pInfo);
}


static ma_result ma_vfs_open_and_read_file_ex(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, void** ppData, size_t* pSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks, ma_uint32 allocationType)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_vfs_file file;
    ma_file_info info;
    void* pData;
    size_t bytesRead;

    (void)allocationType;

    if (ppData != NULL) {
        *ppData = NULL;
    }
    if (pSize != NULL) {
        *pSize = 0;
    }

    if (ppData == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    result = ma_vfs_open(pVFS, pFilePath, MA_OPEN_MODE_READ, &file);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_vfs_info(pVFS, file, &info);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, file);
        return result;
    }

    if (info.sizeInBytes > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, file);
        return MA_TOO_BIG;
    }

    pData = ma__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)info.sizeInBytes, pAllocationCallbacks);  /* Safe cast. */
    if (pData == NULL) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, file);
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_vfs_read(pVFS, file, pData, (size_t)info.sizeInBytes, &bytesRead);  /* Safe cast. */
    ma_vfs_close(pVFS, file);

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pData, pAllocationCallbacks);
        return result;
    }

    if (pSize != NULL) {
        *pSize = bytesRead;
    }

    MA_ASSERT(ppData != NULL);
    *ppData = pData;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

ma_result ma_vfs_open_and_read_file(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, void** ppData, size_t* pSize, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return ma_vfs_open_and_read_file_ex(pVFS, pFilePath, ppData, pSize, pAllocationCallbacks, 0 /*MA_ALLOCATION_TYPE_GENERAL*/);
}


#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
static void ma_default_vfs__get_open_settings_win32(ma_uint32 openMode, DWORD* pDesiredAccess, DWORD* pShareMode, DWORD* pCreationDisposition)
{
    *pDesiredAccess = 0;
    if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_READ) != 0) {
        *pDesiredAccess |= GENERIC_READ;
    }
    if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_WRITE) != 0) {
        *pDesiredAccess |= GENERIC_WRITE;
    }

    *pShareMode = 0;
    if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_READ) != 0) {
        *pShareMode |= FILE_SHARE_READ;
    }

    if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_WRITE) != 0) {
        *pCreationDisposition = CREATE_ALWAYS;  /* Opening in write mode. Truncate. */
    } else {
        *pCreationDisposition = OPEN_EXISTING;  /* Opening in read mode. File must exist. */
    }
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    HANDLE hFile;
    DWORD dwDesiredAccess;
    DWORD dwShareMode;
    DWORD dwCreationDisposition;

    (void)pVFS;

    ma_default_vfs__get_open_settings_win32(openMode, &dwDesiredAccess, &dwShareMode, &dwCreationDisposition);

    hFile = CreateFileA(pFilePath, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    *pFile = hFile;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open_w__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    HANDLE hFile;
    DWORD dwDesiredAccess;
    DWORD dwShareMode;
    DWORD dwCreationDisposition;

    (void)pVFS;

    ma_default_vfs__get_open_settings_win32(openMode, &dwDesiredAccess, &dwShareMode, &dwCreationDisposition);

    hFile = CreateFileW(pFilePath, dwDesiredAccess, dwShareMode, NULL, dwCreationDisposition, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);
    if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    *pFile = hFile;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_close__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file)
{
    (void)pVFS;

    if (CloseHandle((HANDLE)file) == 0) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_default_vfs_read__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, void* pDst, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesRead)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    size_t totalBytesRead;

    (void)pVFS;

    totalBytesRead = 0;
    while (totalBytesRead < sizeInBytes) {
        size_t bytesRemaining;
        DWORD bytesToRead;
        DWORD bytesRead;
        BOOL readResult;

        bytesRemaining = sizeInBytes - totalBytesRead;
        if (bytesRemaining > 0xFFFFFFFF) {
            bytesToRead = 0xFFFFFFFF;
        } else {
            bytesToRead = (DWORD)bytesRemaining;
        }

        readResult = ReadFile((HANDLE)file, ma_offset_ptr(pDst, totalBytesRead), bytesToRead, &bytesRead, NULL);
        totalBytesRead += bytesRead;

        if (bytesRead < bytesToRead || (readResult == 1 && bytesRead == 0)) {
            break;  /* EOF */
        }

        if (readResult == 0) {
            result = ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pBytesRead != NULL) {
        *pBytesRead = totalBytesRead;
    }

    return result;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_write__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, const void* pSrc, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesWritten)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;
    size_t totalBytesWritten;

    (void)pVFS;

    totalBytesWritten = 0;
    while (totalBytesWritten < sizeInBytes) {
        size_t bytesRemaining;
        DWORD bytesToWrite;
        DWORD bytesWritten;
        BOOL writeResult;

        bytesRemaining = sizeInBytes - totalBytesWritten;
        if (bytesRemaining > 0xFFFFFFFF) {
            bytesToWrite = 0xFFFFFFFF;
        } else {
            bytesToWrite = (DWORD)bytesRemaining;
        }

        writeResult = WriteFile((HANDLE)file, ma_offset_ptr(pSrc, totalBytesWritten), bytesToWrite, &bytesWritten, NULL);
        totalBytesWritten += bytesWritten;

        if (writeResult == 0) {
            result = ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
            break;
        }
    }

    if (pBytesWritten == NULL) {
        *pBytesWritten = totalBytesWritten;
    }

    return result;
}

#if !defined(WINVER) || WINVER <= 0x0502
WINBASEAPI BOOL WINAPI SetFilePointerEx(HANDLE hFile, LARGE_INTEGER liDistanceToMove, LARGE_INTEGER* pNewFilePointer, DWORD dwMoveMethod);
#endif

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_seek__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    LARGE_INTEGER liDistanceToMove;
    DWORD dwMoveMethod;
    BOOL result;

    (void)pVFS;

    liDistanceToMove.QuadPart = offset;

    /*  */ if (origin == ma_seek_origin_current) {
        dwMoveMethod = FILE_CURRENT;
    } else if (origin == ma_seek_origin_end) {
        dwMoveMethod = FILE_END;
    } else {
        dwMoveMethod = FILE_BEGIN;
    }

    result = SetFilePointerEx((HANDLE)file, liDistanceToMove, NULL, dwMoveMethod);
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_tell__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* pCursor)
{
    LARGE_INTEGER liZero;
    LARGE_INTEGER liTell;
    BOOL result;

    (void)pVFS;

    liZero.QuadPart = 0;

    result = SetFilePointerEx((HANDLE)file, liZero, &liTell, FILE_CURRENT);
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    if (pCursor != NULL) {
        *pCursor = liTell.QuadPart;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_info__win32(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo)
{
    BY_HANDLE_FILE_INFORMATION fi;
    BOOL result;

    (void)pVFS;

    result = GetFileInformationByHandle((HANDLE)file, &fi);
    if (result == 0) {
        return ma_result_from_GetLastError(GetLastError());
    }

    pInfo->sizeInBytes = ((ma_uint64)fi.nFileSizeHigh << 32) | ((ma_uint64)fi.nFileSizeLow);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#else
static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    ma_result result;
    FILE* pFileStd;
    const char* pOpenModeStr;

    MA_ASSERT(pFilePath != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(openMode  != 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pFile     != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;

    if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_READ) != 0) {
        if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_WRITE) != 0) {
            pOpenModeStr = "r+";
        } else {
            pOpenModeStr = "rb";
        }
    } else {
        pOpenModeStr = "wb";
    }

    result = ma_fopen(&pFileStd, pFilePath, pOpenModeStr);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    *pFile = pFileStd;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open_w__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    ma_result result;
    FILE* pFileStd;
    const wchar_t* pOpenModeStr;

    MA_ASSERT(pFilePath != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(openMode  != 0);
    MA_ASSERT(pFile     != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;

    if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_READ) != 0) {
        if ((openMode & MA_OPEN_MODE_WRITE) != 0) {
            pOpenModeStr = L"r+";
        } else {
            pOpenModeStr = L"rb";
        }
    } else {
        pOpenModeStr = L"wb";
    }

    result = ma_wfopen(&pFileStd, pFilePath, pOpenModeStr, (pVFS != NULL) ? &((ma_default_vfs*)pVFS)->allocationCallbacks : NULL);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    *pFile = pFileStd;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_close__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file)
{
    MA_ASSERT(file != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;

    fclose((FILE*)file);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_read__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, void* pDst, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesRead)
{
    size_t result;

    MA_ASSERT(file != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDst != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;
    
    result = fread(pDst, 1, sizeInBytes, (FILE*)file);

    if (pBytesRead != NULL) {
        *pBytesRead = result;
    }
    
    if (result != sizeInBytes) {
        if (feof((FILE*)file)) {
            return MA_END_OF_FILE;
        } else {
            return ma_result_from_errno(ferror((FILE*)file));
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_write__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, const void* pSrc, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesWritten)
{
    size_t result;

    MA_ASSERT(file != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pSrc != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;

    result = fwrite(pSrc, 1, sizeInBytes, (FILE*)file);

    if (pBytesWritten != NULL) {
        *pBytesWritten = result;
    }

    if (result != sizeInBytes) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(ferror((FILE*)file));
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_seek__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    int result;

    MA_ASSERT(file != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;
    
#if defined(_WIN32)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1200
        result = _fseeki64((FILE*)file, offset, origin);
    #else
        /* No _fseeki64() so restrict to 31 bits. */
        if (origin > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            return MA_OUT_OF_RANGE;
        }

        result = fseek((FILE*)file, (int)offset, origin);
    #endif
#else
    result = fseek((FILE*)file, (long int)offset, origin);
#endif
    if (result != 0) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_tell__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* pCursor)
{
    ma_int64 result;

    MA_ASSERT(file    != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;

#if defined(_WIN32)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER > 1200
        result = _ftelli64((FILE*)file);
    #else
        result = ftell((FILE*)file);
    #endif
#else
    result = ftell((FILE*)file);
#endif

    *pCursor = result;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

#if !((defined(_POSIX_C_SOURCE) && _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 1) || defined(_XOPEN_SOURCE) || defined(_POSIX_SOURCE))
int fileno(FILE *stream);
#endif

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_info__stdio(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo)
{
    int fd;
    struct stat info;

    MA_ASSERT(file  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pInfo != NULL);

    (void)pVFS;

#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    fd = _fileno((FILE*)file);
#else
    fd =  fileno((FILE*)file);
#endif

    if (fstat(fd, &info) != 0) {
        return ma_result_from_errno(errno);
    }

    pInfo->sizeInBytes = info.st_size;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif


static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    if (pFile == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pFile = NULL;

    if (pFilePath == NULL || openMode == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_open__win32(pVFS, pFilePath, openMode, pFile);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_open__stdio(pVFS, pFilePath, openMode, pFile);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_open_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, ma_uint32 openMode, ma_vfs_file* pFile)
{
    if (pFile == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pFile = NULL;

    if (pFilePath == NULL || openMode == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_open_w__win32(pVFS, pFilePath, openMode, pFile);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_open_w__stdio(pVFS, pFilePath, openMode, pFile);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_close(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file)
{
    if (file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_close__win32(pVFS, file);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_close__stdio(pVFS, file);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_read(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, void* pDst, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesRead)
{
    if (file == NULL || pDst == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_read__win32(pVFS, file, pDst, sizeInBytes, pBytesRead);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_read__stdio(pVFS, file, pDst, sizeInBytes, pBytesRead);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_write(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, const void* pSrc, size_t sizeInBytes, size_t* pBytesWritten)
{
    if (file == NULL || pSrc == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_write__win32(pVFS, file, pSrc, sizeInBytes, pBytesWritten);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_write__stdio(pVFS, file, pSrc, sizeInBytes, pBytesWritten);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_seek(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64 offset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    if (file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_seek__win32(pVFS, file, offset, origin);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_seek__stdio(pVFS, file, offset, origin);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_tell(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_int64* pCursor)
{
    if (pCursor == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    *pCursor = 0;

    if (file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_tell__win32(pVFS, file, pCursor);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_tell__stdio(pVFS, file, pCursor);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_default_vfs_info(ma_vfs* pVFS, ma_vfs_file file, ma_file_info* pInfo)
{
    if (pInfo == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pInfo);

    if (file == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

#if defined(MA_WIN32) && defined(MA_WIN32_DESKTOP)
    return ma_default_vfs_info__win32(pVFS, file, pInfo);
#else
    return ma_default_vfs_info__stdio(pVFS, file, pInfo);
#endif
}


MA_API ma_result ma_default_vfs_init(ma_default_vfs* pVFS, const ma_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pVFS == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pVFS->cb.onOpen  = ma_default_vfs_open;
    pVFS->cb.onOpenW = ma_default_vfs_open_w;
    pVFS->cb.onClose = ma_default_vfs_close;
    pVFS->cb.onRead  = ma_default_vfs_read;
    pVFS->cb.onWrite = ma_default_vfs_write;
    pVFS->cb.onSeek  = ma_default_vfs_seek;
    pVFS->cb.onTell  = ma_default_vfs_tell;
    pVFS->cb.onInfo  = ma_default_vfs_info;
    ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pVFS->allocationCallbacks, pAllocationCallbacks);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Decoding and Encoding Headers. These are auto-generated from a tool.

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#if !defined(MA_NO_WAV) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING) && !defined(MA_NO_ENCODING)
/* dr_wav_h begin */
#ifndef dr_wav_h
#define dr_wav_h
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define DRWAV_STRINGIFY(x)      #x
#define DRWAV_XSTRINGIFY(x)     DRWAV_STRINGIFY(x)
#define DRWAV_VERSION_MAJOR     0
#define DRWAV_VERSION_MINOR     12
#define DRWAV_VERSION_REVISION  6
#define DRWAV_VERSION_STRING    DRWAV_XSTRINGIFY(DRWAV_VERSION_MAJOR) "." DRWAV_XSTRINGIFY(DRWAV_VERSION_MINOR) "." DRWAV_XSTRINGIFY(DRWAV_VERSION_REVISION)
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic push
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlanguage-extension-token"
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlong-long"
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
    #endif
    typedef   signed __int8  drwav_int8;
    typedef unsigned __int8  drwav_uint8;
    typedef   signed __int16 drwav_int16;
    typedef unsigned __int16 drwav_uint16;
    typedef   signed __int32 drwav_int32;
    typedef unsigned __int32 drwav_uint32;
    typedef   signed __int64 drwav_int64;
    typedef unsigned __int64 drwav_uint64;
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
    #endif
#else
    #include <stdint.h>
    typedef int8_t           drwav_int8;
    typedef uint8_t          drwav_uint8;
    typedef int16_t          drwav_int16;
    typedef uint16_t         drwav_uint16;
    typedef int32_t          drwav_int32;
    typedef uint32_t         drwav_uint32;
    typedef int64_t          drwav_int64;
    typedef uint64_t         drwav_uint64;
#endif
typedef drwav_uint8          drwav_bool8;
typedef drwav_uint32         drwav_bool32;
#define DRWAV_TRUE           1
#define DRWAV_FALSE          0
#if !defined(DRWAV_API)
    #if defined(DRWAV_DLL)
        #if defined(_WIN32)
            #define DRWAV_DLL_IMPORT  __declspec(dllimport)
            #define DRWAV_DLL_EXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
            #define DRWAV_DLL_PRIVATE static
        #else
            #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
                #define DRWAV_DLL_IMPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
                #define DRWAV_DLL_EXPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
                #define DRWAV_DLL_PRIVATE __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
            #else
                #define DRWAV_DLL_IMPORT
                #define DRWAV_DLL_EXPORT
                #define DRWAV_DLL_PRIVATE static
            #endif
        #endif
        #if defined(DR_WAV_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(DRWAV_IMPLEMENTATION)
            #define DRWAV_API  DRWAV_DLL_EXPORT
        #else
            #define DRWAV_API  DRWAV_DLL_IMPORT
        #endif
        #define DRWAV_PRIVATE DRWAV_DLL_PRIVATE
    #else
        #define DRWAV_API extern
        #define DRWAV_PRIVATE static
    #endif
#endif
typedef drwav_int32 drwav_result;
#define DRWAV_SUCCESS                        0
#define DRWAV_ERROR                         -1
#define DRWAV_INVALID_ARGS                  -2
#define DRWAV_INVALID_OPERATION             -3
#define DRWAV_OUT_OF_MEMORY                 -4
#define DRWAV_OUT_OF_RANGE                  -5
#define DRWAV_ACCESS_DENIED                 -6
#define DRWAV_DOES_NOT_EXIST                -7
#define DRWAV_ALREADY_EXISTS                -8
#define DRWAV_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES           -9
#define DRWAV_INVALID_FILE                  -10
#define DRWAV_TOO_BIG                       -11
#define DRWAV_PATH_TOO_LONG                 -12
#define DRWAV_NAME_TOO_LONG                 -13
#define DRWAV_NOT_DIRECTORY                 -14
#define DRWAV_IS_DIRECTORY                  -15
#define DRWAV_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY           -16
#define DRWAV_END_OF_FILE                   -17
#define DRWAV_NO_SPACE                      -18
#define DRWAV_BUSY                          -19
#define DRWAV_IO_ERROR                      -20
#define DRWAV_INTERRUPT                     -21
#define DRWAV_UNAVAILABLE                   -22
#define DRWAV_ALREADY_IN_USE                -23
#define DRWAV_BAD_ADDRESS                   -24
#define DRWAV_BAD_SEEK                      -25
#define DRWAV_BAD_PIPE                      -26
#define DRWAV_DEADLOCK                      -27
#define DRWAV_TOO_MANY_LINKS                -28
#define DRWAV_NOT_IMPLEMENTED               -29
#define DRWAV_NO_MESSAGE                    -30
#define DRWAV_BAD_MESSAGE                   -31
#define DRWAV_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE             -32
#define DRWAV_INVALID_DATA                  -33
#define DRWAV_TIMEOUT                       -34
#define DRWAV_NO_NETWORK                    -35
#define DRWAV_NOT_UNIQUE                    -36
#define DRWAV_NOT_SOCKET                    -37
#define DRWAV_NO_ADDRESS                    -38
#define DRWAV_BAD_PROTOCOL                  -39
#define DRWAV_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE          -40
#define DRWAV_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED        -41
#define DRWAV_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED -42
#define DRWAV_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED  -43
#define DRWAV_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED          -44
#define DRWAV_CONNECTION_RESET              -45
#define DRWAV_ALREADY_CONNECTED             -46
#define DRWAV_NOT_CONNECTED                 -47
#define DRWAV_CONNECTION_REFUSED            -48
#define DRWAV_NO_HOST                       -49
#define DRWAV_IN_PROGRESS                   -50
#define DRWAV_CANCELLED                     -51
#define DRWAV_MEMORY_ALREADY_MAPPED         -52
#define DRWAV_AT_END                        -53
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM          0x1
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM        0x2
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT   0x3
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW         0x6
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW        0x7
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM    0x11
#define DR_WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE   0xFFFE
#ifndef DRWAV_MAX_SMPL_LOOPS
#define DRWAV_MAX_SMPL_LOOPS        1
#endif
#define DRWAV_SEQUENTIAL            0x00000001
DRWAV_API void drwav_version(drwav_uint32* pMajor, drwav_uint32* pMinor, drwav_uint32* pRevision);
DRWAV_API const char* drwav_version_string();
typedef enum
{
    drwav_seek_origin_start,
    drwav_seek_origin_current
} drwav_seek_origin;
typedef enum
{
    drwav_container_riff,
    drwav_container_w64
} drwav_container;
typedef struct
{
    union
    {
        drwav_uint8 fourcc[4];
        drwav_uint8 guid[16];
    } id;
    drwav_uint64 sizeInBytes;
    unsigned int paddingSize;
} drwav_chunk_header;
typedef struct
{
    drwav_uint16 formatTag;
    drwav_uint16 channels;
    drwav_uint32 sampleRate;
    drwav_uint32 avgBytesPerSec;
    drwav_uint16 blockAlign;
    drwav_uint16 bitsPerSample;
    drwav_uint16 extendedSize;
    drwav_uint16 validBitsPerSample;
    drwav_uint32 channelMask;
    drwav_uint8 subFormat[16];
} drwav_fmt;
DRWAV_API drwav_uint16 drwav_fmt_get_format(const drwav_fmt* pFMT);
typedef size_t (* drwav_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);
typedef size_t (* drwav_write_proc)(void* pUserData, const void* pData, size_t bytesToWrite);
typedef drwav_bool32 (* drwav_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin);
typedef drwav_uint64 (* drwav_chunk_proc)(void* pChunkUserData, drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pReadSeekUserData, const drwav_chunk_header* pChunkHeader, drwav_container container, const drwav_fmt* pFMT);
typedef struct
{
    void* pUserData;
    void* (* onMalloc)(size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void* (* onRealloc)(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void  (* onFree)(void* p, void* pUserData);
} drwav_allocation_callbacks;
typedef struct
{
    const drwav_uint8* data;
    size_t dataSize;
    size_t currentReadPos;
} drwav__memory_stream;
typedef struct
{
    void** ppData;
    size_t* pDataSize;
    size_t dataSize;
    size_t dataCapacity;
    size_t currentWritePos;
} drwav__memory_stream_write;
typedef struct
{
    drwav_container container;
    drwav_uint32 format;
    drwav_uint32 channels;
    drwav_uint32 sampleRate;
    drwav_uint32 bitsPerSample;
} drwav_data_format;
typedef struct
{
    drwav_uint32 cuePointId;
    drwav_uint32 type;
    drwav_uint32 start;
    drwav_uint32 end;
    drwav_uint32 fraction;
    drwav_uint32 playCount;
} drwav_smpl_loop;
 typedef struct
{
    drwav_uint32 manufacturer;
    drwav_uint32 product;
    drwav_uint32 samplePeriod;
    drwav_uint32 midiUnityNotes;
    drwav_uint32 midiPitchFraction;
    drwav_uint32 smpteFormat;
    drwav_uint32 smpteOffset;
    drwav_uint32 numSampleLoops;
    drwav_uint32 samplerData;
    drwav_smpl_loop loops[DRWAV_MAX_SMPL_LOOPS];
} drwav_smpl;
typedef struct
{
    drwav_read_proc onRead;
    drwav_write_proc onWrite;
    drwav_seek_proc onSeek;
    void* pUserData;
    drwav_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    drwav_container container;
    drwav_fmt fmt;
    drwav_uint32 sampleRate;
    drwav_uint16 channels;
    drwav_uint16 bitsPerSample;
    drwav_uint16 translatedFormatTag;
    drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    drwav_uint64 dataChunkDataSize;
    drwav_uint64 dataChunkDataPos;
    drwav_uint64 bytesRemaining;
    drwav_uint64 dataChunkDataSizeTargetWrite;
    drwav_bool32 isSequentialWrite;
    drwav_smpl smpl;
    drwav__memory_stream memoryStream;
    drwav__memory_stream_write memoryStreamWrite;
    struct
    {
        drwav_uint64 iCurrentPCMFrame;
    } compressed;
    struct
    {
        drwav_uint32 bytesRemainingInBlock;
        drwav_uint16 predictor[2];
        drwav_int32  delta[2];
        drwav_int32  cachedFrames[4];
        drwav_uint32 cachedFrameCount;
        drwav_int32  prevFrames[2][2];
    } msadpcm;
    struct
    {
        drwav_uint32 bytesRemainingInBlock;
        drwav_int32  predictor[2];
        drwav_int32  stepIndex[2];
        drwav_int32  cachedFrames[16];
        drwav_uint32 cachedFrameCount;
    } ima;
} drwav;
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init(drwav* pWav, drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_ex(drwav* pWav, drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pReadSeekUserData, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_write_proc onWrite, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write_sequential(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, drwav_write_proc onWrite, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write_sequential_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, drwav_write_proc onWrite, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_target_write_size_bytes(const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount);
DRWAV_API drwav_result drwav_uninit(drwav* pWav);
DRWAV_API size_t drwav_read_raw(drwav* pWav, size_t bytesToRead, void* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_seek_to_pcm_frame(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 targetFrameIndex);
DRWAV_API size_t drwav_write_raw(drwav* pWav, size_t bytesToWrite, const void* pData);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_write_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToWrite, const void* pData);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_write_pcm_frames_le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToWrite, const void* pData);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_write_pcm_frames_be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToWrite, const void* pData);
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_CONVERSION_API
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API void drwav_u8_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s24_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s32_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_int32* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_f32_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const float* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_f64_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const double* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_alaw_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_mulaw_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API void drwav_u8_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s16_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_int16* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s24_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s32_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_int32* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_f64_to_f32(float* pOut, const double* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_alaw_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_mulaw_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut);
DRWAV_API void drwav_u8_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s16_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_int16* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_s24_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_f32_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const float* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_f64_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const double* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_alaw_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
DRWAV_API void drwav_mulaw_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount);
#endif
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_ex(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_ex_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential_pcm_frames_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory(drwav* pWav, const void* data, size_t dataSize, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_ex(drwav* pWav, const void* data, size_t dataSize, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write_sequential(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write_sequential_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_CONVERSION_API
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16_w(const wchar_t* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32_w(const wchar_t* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32_w(const wchar_t* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRWAV_API void drwav_free(void* p, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint16 drwav_bytes_to_u16(const drwav_uint8* data);
DRWAV_API drwav_int16 drwav_bytes_to_s16(const drwav_uint8* data);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint32 drwav_bytes_to_u32(const drwav_uint8* data);
DRWAV_API drwav_int32 drwav_bytes_to_s32(const drwav_uint8* data);
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_bytes_to_u64(const drwav_uint8* data);
DRWAV_API drwav_int64 drwav_bytes_to_s64(const drwav_uint8* data);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_guid_equal(const drwav_uint8 a[16], const drwav_uint8 b[16]);
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_fourcc_equal(const drwav_uint8* a, const char* b);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif
/* dr_wav_h end */
#endif  /* MA_NO_WAV */

#if !defined(MA_NO_FLAC) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
/* dr_flac_h begin */
#ifndef dr_flac_h
#define dr_flac_h
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define DRFLAC_STRINGIFY(x)      #x
#define DRFLAC_XSTRINGIFY(x)     DRFLAC_STRINGIFY(x)
#define DRFLAC_VERSION_MAJOR     0
#define DRFLAC_VERSION_MINOR     12
#define DRFLAC_VERSION_REVISION  14
#define DRFLAC_VERSION_STRING    DRFLAC_XSTRINGIFY(DRFLAC_VERSION_MAJOR) "." DRFLAC_XSTRINGIFY(DRFLAC_VERSION_MINOR) "." DRFLAC_XSTRINGIFY(DRFLAC_VERSION_REVISION)
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic push
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlanguage-extension-token"
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlong-long"
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
    #endif
    typedef   signed __int8  drflac_int8;
    typedef unsigned __int8  drflac_uint8;
    typedef   signed __int16 drflac_int16;
    typedef unsigned __int16 drflac_uint16;
    typedef   signed __int32 drflac_int32;
    typedef unsigned __int32 drflac_uint32;
    typedef   signed __int64 drflac_int64;
    typedef unsigned __int64 drflac_uint64;
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
    #endif
#else
    #include <stdint.h>
    typedef int8_t           drflac_int8;
    typedef uint8_t          drflac_uint8;
    typedef int16_t          drflac_int16;
    typedef uint16_t         drflac_uint16;
    typedef int32_t          drflac_int32;
    typedef uint32_t         drflac_uint32;
    typedef int64_t          drflac_int64;
    typedef uint64_t         drflac_uint64;
#endif
typedef drflac_uint8         drflac_bool8;
typedef drflac_uint32        drflac_bool32;
#define DRFLAC_TRUE          1
#define DRFLAC_FALSE         0
#if !defined(DRFLAC_API)
    #if defined(DRFLAC_DLL)
        #if defined(_WIN32)
            #define DRFLAC_DLL_IMPORT  __declspec(dllimport)
            #define DRFLAC_DLL_EXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
            #define DRFLAC_DLL_PRIVATE static
        #else
            #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
                #define DRFLAC_DLL_IMPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
                #define DRFLAC_DLL_EXPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
                #define DRFLAC_DLL_PRIVATE __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
            #else
                #define DRFLAC_DLL_IMPORT
                #define DRFLAC_DLL_EXPORT
                #define DRFLAC_DLL_PRIVATE static
            #endif
        #endif
        #if defined(DR_FLAC_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(DRFLAC_IMPLEMENTATION)
            #define DRFLAC_API  DRFLAC_DLL_EXPORT
        #else
            #define DRFLAC_API  DRFLAC_DLL_IMPORT
        #endif
        #define DRFLAC_PRIVATE DRFLAC_DLL_PRIVATE
    #else
        #define DRFLAC_API extern
        #define DRFLAC_PRIVATE static
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1700
    #define DRFLAC_DEPRECATED       __declspec(deprecated)
#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4)
    #define DRFLAC_DEPRECATED       __attribute__((deprecated))
#elif defined(__has_feature)
    #if __has_feature(attribute_deprecated)
        #define DRFLAC_DEPRECATED   __attribute__((deprecated))
    #else
        #define DRFLAC_DEPRECATED
    #endif
#else
    #define DRFLAC_DEPRECATED
#endif
DRFLAC_API void drflac_version(drflac_uint32* pMajor, drflac_uint32* pMinor, drflac_uint32* pRevision);
DRFLAC_API const char* drflac_version_string();
#ifndef DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE
#define DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE   4096
#endif
#if defined(_WIN64) || defined(_LP64) || defined(__LP64__)
#define DRFLAC_64BIT
#endif
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
typedef drflac_uint64 drflac_cache_t;
#else
typedef drflac_uint32 drflac_cache_t;
#endif
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO       0
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PADDING          1
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_APPLICATION      2
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_SEEKTABLE        3
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_VORBIS_COMMENT   4
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_CUESHEET         5
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PICTURE          6
#define DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_INVALID          127
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_OTHER                   0
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_FILE_ICON               1
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_OTHER_FILE_ICON         2
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_COVER_FRONT             3
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_COVER_BACK              4
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_LEAFLET_PAGE            5
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_MEDIA                   6
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_LEAD_ARTIST             7
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_ARTIST                  8
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_CONDUCTOR               9
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_BAND                    10
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_COMPOSER                11
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_LYRICIST                12
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_RECORDING_LOCATION      13
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_DURING_RECORDING        14
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_DURING_PERFORMANCE      15
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_SCREEN_CAPTURE          16
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_BRIGHT_COLORED_FISH     17
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_ILLUSTRATION            18
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_BAND_LOGOTYPE           19
#define DRFLAC_PICTURE_TYPE_PUBLISHER_LOGOTYPE      20
typedef enum
{
    drflac_container_native,
    drflac_container_ogg,
    drflac_container_unknown
} drflac_container;
typedef enum
{
    drflac_seek_origin_start,
    drflac_seek_origin_current
} drflac_seek_origin;
#pragma pack(2)
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint64 firstPCMFrame;
    drflac_uint64 flacFrameOffset;
    drflac_uint16 pcmFrameCount;
} drflac_seekpoint;
#pragma pack()
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint16 minBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint16 maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint32 minFrameSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint32 maxFrameSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint32 sampleRate;
    drflac_uint8  channels;
    drflac_uint8  bitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    drflac_uint8  md5[16];
} drflac_streaminfo;
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint32 type;
    const void* pRawData;
    drflac_uint32 rawDataSize;
    union
    {
        drflac_streaminfo streaminfo;
        struct
        {
            int unused;
        } padding;
        struct
        {
            drflac_uint32 id;
            const void* pData;
            drflac_uint32 dataSize;
        } application;
        struct
        {
            drflac_uint32 seekpointCount;
            const drflac_seekpoint* pSeekpoints;
        } seektable;
        struct
        {
            drflac_uint32 vendorLength;
            const char* vendor;
            drflac_uint32 commentCount;
            const void* pComments;
        } vorbis_comment;
        struct
        {
            char catalog[128];
            drflac_uint64 leadInSampleCount;
            drflac_bool32 isCD;
            drflac_uint8 trackCount;
            const void* pTrackData;
        } cuesheet;
        struct
        {
            drflac_uint32 type;
            drflac_uint32 mimeLength;
            const char* mime;
            drflac_uint32 descriptionLength;
            const char* description;
            drflac_uint32 width;
            drflac_uint32 height;
            drflac_uint32 colorDepth;
            drflac_uint32 indexColorCount;
            drflac_uint32 pictureDataSize;
            const drflac_uint8* pPictureData;
        } picture;
    } data;
} drflac_metadata;
typedef size_t (* drflac_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);
typedef drflac_bool32 (* drflac_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin);
typedef void (* drflac_meta_proc)(void* pUserData, drflac_metadata* pMetadata);
typedef struct
{
    void* pUserData;
    void* (* onMalloc)(size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void* (* onRealloc)(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void  (* onFree)(void* p, void* pUserData);
} drflac_allocation_callbacks;
typedef struct
{
    const drflac_uint8* data;
    size_t dataSize;
    size_t currentReadPos;
} drflac__memory_stream;
typedef struct
{
    drflac_read_proc onRead;
    drflac_seek_proc onSeek;
    void* pUserData;
    size_t unalignedByteCount;
    drflac_cache_t unalignedCache;
    drflac_uint32 nextL2Line;
    drflac_uint32 consumedBits;
    drflac_cache_t cacheL2[DR_FLAC_BUFFER_SIZE/sizeof(drflac_cache_t)];
    drflac_cache_t cache;
    drflac_uint16 crc16;
    drflac_cache_t crc16Cache;
    drflac_uint32 crc16CacheIgnoredBytes;
} drflac_bs;
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint8 subframeType;
    drflac_uint8 wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint8 lpcOrder;
    drflac_int32* pSamplesS32;
} drflac_subframe;
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint64 pcmFrameNumber;
    drflac_uint32 flacFrameNumber;
    drflac_uint32 sampleRate;
    drflac_uint16 blockSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint8 channelAssignment;
    drflac_uint8 bitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint8 crc8;
} drflac_frame_header;
typedef struct
{
    drflac_frame_header header;
    drflac_uint32 pcmFramesRemaining;
    drflac_subframe subframes[8];
} drflac_frame;
typedef struct
{
    drflac_meta_proc onMeta;
    void* pUserDataMD;
    drflac_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    drflac_uint32 sampleRate;
    drflac_uint8 channels;
    drflac_uint8 bitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint16 maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    drflac_container container;
    drflac_uint32 seekpointCount;
    drflac_frame currentFLACFrame;
    drflac_uint64 currentPCMFrame;
    drflac_uint64 firstFLACFramePosInBytes;
    drflac__memory_stream memoryStream;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples;
    drflac_seekpoint* pSeekpoints;
    void* _oggbs;
    drflac_bool32 _noSeekTableSeek    : 1;
    drflac_bool32 _noBinarySearchSeek : 1;
    drflac_bool32 _noBruteForceSeek   : 1;
    drflac_bs bs;
    drflac_uint8 pExtraData[1];
} drflac;
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_relaxed(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_container container, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata_relaxed(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, drflac_container container, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API void drflac_close(drflac* pFlac);
DRFLAC_API drflac_uint64 drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 framesToRead, drflac_int32* pBufferOut);
DRFLAC_API drflac_uint64 drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 framesToRead, drflac_int16* pBufferOut);
DRFLAC_API drflac_uint64 drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut);
DRFLAC_API drflac_bool32 drflac_seek_to_pcm_frame(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex);
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file(const char* pFileName, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file_w(const wchar_t* pFileName, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file_with_metadata(const char* pFileName, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file_with_metadata_w(const wchar_t* pFileName, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac_int32* drflac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac_int16* drflac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API float* drflac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
DRFLAC_API drflac_int32* drflac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac_int16* drflac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API float* drflac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRFLAC_API drflac_int32* drflac_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API drflac_int16* drflac_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API float* drflac_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRFLAC_API void drflac_free(void* p, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint32 countRemaining;
    const char* pRunningData;
} drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator;
DRFLAC_API void drflac_init_vorbis_comment_iterator(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, drflac_uint32 commentCount, const void* pComments);
DRFLAC_API const char* drflac_next_vorbis_comment(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, drflac_uint32* pCommentLengthOut);
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint32 countRemaining;
    const char* pRunningData;
} drflac_cuesheet_track_iterator;
#pragma pack(4)
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint64 offset;
    drflac_uint8 index;
    drflac_uint8 reserved[3];
} drflac_cuesheet_track_index;
#pragma pack()
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint64 offset;
    drflac_uint8 trackNumber;
    char ISRC[12];
    drflac_bool8 isAudio;
    drflac_bool8 preEmphasis;
    drflac_uint8 indexCount;
    const drflac_cuesheet_track_index* pIndexPoints;
} drflac_cuesheet_track;
DRFLAC_API void drflac_init_cuesheet_track_iterator(drflac_cuesheet_track_iterator* pIter, drflac_uint32 trackCount, const void* pTrackData);
DRFLAC_API drflac_bool32 drflac_next_cuesheet_track(drflac_cuesheet_track_iterator* pIter, drflac_cuesheet_track* pCuesheetTrack);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif
/* dr_flac_h end */
#endif  /* MA_NO_FLAC */

#if !defined(MA_NO_MP3) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
/* dr_mp3_h begin */
#ifndef dr_mp3_h
#define dr_mp3_h
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
#define DRMP3_STRINGIFY(x)      #x
#define DRMP3_XSTRINGIFY(x)     DRMP3_STRINGIFY(x)
#define DRMP3_VERSION_MAJOR     0
#define DRMP3_VERSION_MINOR     6
#define DRMP3_VERSION_REVISION  12
#define DRMP3_VERSION_STRING    DRMP3_XSTRINGIFY(DRMP3_VERSION_MAJOR) "." DRMP3_XSTRINGIFY(DRMP3_VERSION_MINOR) "." DRMP3_XSTRINGIFY(DRMP3_VERSION_REVISION)
#include <stddef.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic push
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlanguage-extension-token"
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wlong-long"
        #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wc++11-long-long"
    #endif
    typedef   signed __int8  drmp3_int8;
    typedef unsigned __int8  drmp3_uint8;
    typedef   signed __int16 drmp3_int16;
    typedef unsigned __int16 drmp3_uint16;
    typedef   signed __int32 drmp3_int32;
    typedef unsigned __int32 drmp3_uint32;
    typedef   signed __int64 drmp3_int64;
    typedef unsigned __int64 drmp3_uint64;
    #if defined(__clang__)
        #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
    #endif
#else
    #include <stdint.h>
    typedef int8_t           drmp3_int8;
    typedef uint8_t          drmp3_uint8;
    typedef int16_t          drmp3_int16;
    typedef uint16_t         drmp3_uint16;
    typedef int32_t          drmp3_int32;
    typedef uint32_t         drmp3_uint32;
    typedef int64_t          drmp3_int64;
    typedef uint64_t         drmp3_uint64;
#endif
typedef drmp3_uint8          drmp3_bool8;
typedef drmp3_uint32         drmp3_bool32;
#define DRMP3_TRUE           1
#define DRMP3_FALSE          0
#if !defined(DRMP3_API)
    #if defined(DRMP3_DLL)
        #if defined(_WIN32)
            #define DRMP3_DLL_IMPORT  __declspec(dllimport)
            #define DRMP3_DLL_EXPORT  __declspec(dllexport)
            #define DRMP3_DLL_PRIVATE static
        #else
            #if defined(__GNUC__) && __GNUC__ >= 4
                #define DRMP3_DLL_IMPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
                #define DRMP3_DLL_EXPORT  __attribute__((visibility("default")))
                #define DRMP3_DLL_PRIVATE __attribute__((visibility("hidden")))
            #else
                #define DRMP3_DLL_IMPORT
                #define DRMP3_DLL_EXPORT
                #define DRMP3_DLL_PRIVATE static
            #endif
        #endif
        #if defined(DR_MP3_IMPLEMENTATION) || defined(DRMP3_IMPLEMENTATION)
            #define DRMP3_API  DRMP3_DLL_EXPORT
        #else
            #define DRMP3_API  DRMP3_DLL_IMPORT
        #endif
        #define DRMP3_PRIVATE DRMP3_DLL_PRIVATE
    #else
        #define DRMP3_API extern
        #define DRMP3_PRIVATE static
    #endif
#endif
typedef drmp3_int32 drmp3_result;
#define DRMP3_SUCCESS                        0
#define DRMP3_ERROR                         -1
#define DRMP3_INVALID_ARGS                  -2
#define DRMP3_INVALID_OPERATION             -3
#define DRMP3_OUT_OF_MEMORY                 -4
#define DRMP3_OUT_OF_RANGE                  -5
#define DRMP3_ACCESS_DENIED                 -6
#define DRMP3_DOES_NOT_EXIST                -7
#define DRMP3_ALREADY_EXISTS                -8
#define DRMP3_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES           -9
#define DRMP3_INVALID_FILE                  -10
#define DRMP3_TOO_BIG                       -11
#define DRMP3_PATH_TOO_LONG                 -12
#define DRMP3_NAME_TOO_LONG                 -13
#define DRMP3_NOT_DIRECTORY                 -14
#define DRMP3_IS_DIRECTORY                  -15
#define DRMP3_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY           -16
#define DRMP3_END_OF_FILE                   -17
#define DRMP3_NO_SPACE                      -18
#define DRMP3_BUSY                          -19
#define DRMP3_IO_ERROR                      -20
#define DRMP3_INTERRUPT                     -21
#define DRMP3_UNAVAILABLE                   -22
#define DRMP3_ALREADY_IN_USE                -23
#define DRMP3_BAD_ADDRESS                   -24
#define DRMP3_BAD_SEEK                      -25
#define DRMP3_BAD_PIPE                      -26
#define DRMP3_DEADLOCK                      -27
#define DRMP3_TOO_MANY_LINKS                -28
#define DRMP3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED               -29
#define DRMP3_NO_MESSAGE                    -30
#define DRMP3_BAD_MESSAGE                   -31
#define DRMP3_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE             -32
#define DRMP3_INVALID_DATA                  -33
#define DRMP3_TIMEOUT                       -34
#define DRMP3_NO_NETWORK                    -35
#define DRMP3_NOT_UNIQUE                    -36
#define DRMP3_NOT_SOCKET                    -37
#define DRMP3_NO_ADDRESS                    -38
#define DRMP3_BAD_PROTOCOL                  -39
#define DRMP3_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE          -40
#define DRMP3_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED        -41
#define DRMP3_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED -42
#define DRMP3_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED  -43
#define DRMP3_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED          -44
#define DRMP3_CONNECTION_RESET              -45
#define DRMP3_ALREADY_CONNECTED             -46
#define DRMP3_NOT_CONNECTED                 -47
#define DRMP3_CONNECTION_REFUSED            -48
#define DRMP3_NO_HOST                       -49
#define DRMP3_IN_PROGRESS                   -50
#define DRMP3_CANCELLED                     -51
#define DRMP3_MEMORY_ALREADY_MAPPED         -52
#define DRMP3_AT_END                        -53
#define DRMP3_MAX_PCM_FRAMES_PER_MP3_FRAME  1152
#define DRMP3_MAX_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME         (DRMP3_MAX_PCM_FRAMES_PER_MP3_FRAME*2)
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define DRMP3_INLINE __forceinline
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define DRMP3_INLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
    #else
        #define DRMP3_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
    #endif
#else
    #define DRMP3_INLINE
#endif
DRMP3_API void drmp3_version(drmp3_uint32* pMajor, drmp3_uint32* pMinor, drmp3_uint32* pRevision);
DRMP3_API const char* drmp3_version_string();
typedef struct
{
    int frame_bytes, channels, hz, layer, bitrate_kbps;
} drmp3dec_frame_info;
typedef struct
{
    float mdct_overlap[2][9*32], qmf_state[15*2*32];
    int reserv, free_format_bytes;
    drmp3_uint8 header[4], reserv_buf[511];
} drmp3dec;
DRMP3_API void drmp3dec_init(drmp3dec *dec);
DRMP3_API int drmp3dec_decode_frame(drmp3dec *dec, const drmp3_uint8 *mp3, int mp3_bytes, void *pcm, drmp3dec_frame_info *info);
DRMP3_API void drmp3dec_f32_to_s16(const float *in, drmp3_int16 *out, size_t num_samples);
#ifndef DRMP3_DEFAULT_CHANNELS
#define DRMP3_DEFAULT_CHANNELS      2
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE
#define DRMP3_DEFAULT_SAMPLE_RATE   44100
#endif
typedef enum
{
    drmp3_seek_origin_start,
    drmp3_seek_origin_current
} drmp3_seek_origin;
typedef struct
{
    drmp3_uint64 seekPosInBytes;
    drmp3_uint64 pcmFrameIndex;
    drmp3_uint16 mp3FramesToDiscard;
    drmp3_uint16 pcmFramesToDiscard;
} drmp3_seek_point;
typedef size_t (* drmp3_read_proc)(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead);
typedef drmp3_bool32 (* drmp3_seek_proc)(void* pUserData, int offset, drmp3_seek_origin origin);
typedef struct
{
    void* pUserData;
    void* (* onMalloc)(size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void* (* onRealloc)(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData);
    void  (* onFree)(void* p, void* pUserData);
} drmp3_allocation_callbacks;
typedef struct
{
    drmp3_uint32 channels;
    drmp3_uint32 sampleRate;
} drmp3_config;
typedef struct
{
    drmp3dec decoder;
    drmp3dec_frame_info frameInfo;
    drmp3_uint32 channels;
    drmp3_uint32 sampleRate;
    drmp3_read_proc onRead;
    drmp3_seek_proc onSeek;
    void* pUserData;
    drmp3_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    drmp3_uint32 mp3FrameChannels;
    drmp3_uint32 mp3FrameSampleRate;
    drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame;
    drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame;
    drmp3_uint8 pcmFrames[sizeof(float)*DRMP3_MAX_SAMPLES_PER_FRAME];
    drmp3_uint64 currentPCMFrame;
    drmp3_uint64 streamCursor;
    drmp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints;
    drmp3_uint32 seekPointCount;
    size_t dataSize;
    size_t dataCapacity;
    size_t dataConsumed;
    drmp3_uint8* pData;
    drmp3_bool32 atEnd : 1;
    struct
    {
        const drmp3_uint8* pData;
        size_t dataSize;
        size_t currentReadPos;
    } memory;
} drmp3;
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_memory(drmp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#ifndef DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_file(drmp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_file_w(drmp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRMP3_API void drmp3_uninit(drmp3* pMP3);
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_read_pcm_frames_f32(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut);
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_read_pcm_frames_s16(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 framesToRead, drmp3_int16* pBufferOut);
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 frameIndex);
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_get_pcm_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3);
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_get_mp3_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3);
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64* pMP3FrameCount, drmp3_uint64* pPCMFrameCount);
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_calculate_seek_points(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint32* pSeekPointCount, drmp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints);
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_bind_seek_table(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint32 seekPointCount, drmp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints);
DRMP3_API float* drmp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API drmp3_int16* drmp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API float* drmp3_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API drmp3_int16* drmp3_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#ifndef DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
DRMP3_API float* drmp3_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filePath, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API drmp3_int16* drmp3_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filePath, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#endif
DRMP3_API void* drmp3_malloc(size_t sz, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
DRMP3_API void drmp3_free(void* p, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif
/* dr_mp3_h end */
#endif  /* MA_NO_MP3 */


/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Decoding

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_DECODING

static size_t ma_decoder_read_bytes(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    size_t bytesRead;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pBufferOut != NULL);

    bytesRead = pDecoder->onRead(pDecoder, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
    pDecoder->readPointer += bytesRead;

    return bytesRead;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_decoder_seek_bytes(ma_decoder* pDecoder, int byteOffset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_bool32 wasSuccessful;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    wasSuccessful = pDecoder->onSeek(pDecoder, byteOffset, origin);
    if (wasSuccessful) {
        if (origin == ma_seek_origin_start) {
            pDecoder->readPointer = (ma_uint64)byteOffset;
        } else {
            pDecoder->readPointer += byteOffset;
        }
    }

    return wasSuccessful;
}


MA_API ma_decoder_config ma_decoder_config_init(ma_format outputFormat, ma_uint32 outputChannels, ma_uint32 outputSampleRate)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format = outputFormat;
    config.channels = outputChannels;
    config.sampleRate = outputSampleRate;
    config.resampling.algorithm = ma_resample_algorithm_linear;
    config.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = ma_min(MA_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER, MA_MAX_FILTER_ORDER);
    config.resampling.speex.quality = 3;

    /* Note that we are intentionally leaving the channel map empty here which will cause the default channel map to be used. */

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_decoder_config ma_decoder_config_init_copy(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    if (pConfig != NULL) {
        config = *pConfig;
    } else {
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    }

    return config;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__init_data_converter(ma_decoder* pDecoder, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig)
{
    ma_data_converter_config converterConfig;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    /* Output format. */
    if (pConfig->format == ma_format_unknown) {
        pDecoder->outputFormat = pDecoder->internalFormat;
    } else {
        pDecoder->outputFormat = pConfig->format;
    }

    if (pConfig->channels == 0) {
        pDecoder->outputChannels = pDecoder->internalChannels;
    } else {
        pDecoder->outputChannels = pConfig->channels;
    }

    if (pConfig->sampleRate == 0) {
        pDecoder->outputSampleRate = pDecoder->internalSampleRate;
    } else {
        pDecoder->outputSampleRate = pConfig->sampleRate;
    }

    if (ma_channel_map_blank(pDecoder->outputChannels, pConfig->channelMap)) {
        ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pDecoder->outputChannels, pDecoder->outputChannelMap);
    } else {
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pDecoder->outputChannelMap, pConfig->channelMap, sizeof(pConfig->channelMap));
    }

    
    converterConfig = ma_data_converter_config_init(
        pDecoder->internalFormat,     pDecoder->outputFormat, 
        pDecoder->internalChannels,   pDecoder->outputChannels,
        pDecoder->internalSampleRate, pDecoder->outputSampleRate
    );
    ma_channel_map_copy(converterConfig.channelMapIn,  pDecoder->internalChannelMap, pDecoder->internalChannels);
    ma_channel_map_copy(converterConfig.channelMapOut, pDecoder->outputChannelMap,   pDecoder->outputChannels);
    converterConfig.channelMixMode             = pConfig->channelMixMode;
    converterConfig.ditherMode                 = pConfig->ditherMode;
    converterConfig.resampling.allowDynamicSampleRate = MA_FALSE;   /* Never allow dynamic sample rate conversion. Setting this to true will disable passthrough optimizations. */
    converterConfig.resampling.algorithm       = pConfig->resampling.algorithm;
    converterConfig.resampling.linear.lpfOrder = pConfig->resampling.linear.lpfOrder;
    converterConfig.resampling.speex.quality   = pConfig->resampling.speex.quality;

    return ma_data_converter_init(&converterConfig, &pDecoder->converter);
}

/* WAV */
#ifdef dr_wav_h
#define MA_HAS_WAV

static size_t ma_decoder_internal_on_read__wav(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    return ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
}

static drwav_bool32 ma_decoder_internal_on_seek__wav(void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    return ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, offset, (origin == drwav_seek_origin_start) ? ma_seek_origin_start : ma_seek_origin_current);
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__wav(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    drwav* pWav;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    pWav = (drwav*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);

    switch (pDecoder->internalFormat) {
        case ma_format_s16: return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, frameCount, (drwav_int16*)pFramesOut);
        case ma_format_s32: return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32(pWav, frameCount, (drwav_int32*)pFramesOut);
        case ma_format_f32: return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32(pWav, frameCount,       (float*)pFramesOut);
        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. If we do, it means the internal format was not set correctly at initialization time. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__wav(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    drwav* pWav;
    drwav_bool32 result;

    pWav = (drwav*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);

    result = drwav_seek_to_pcm_frame(pWav, frameIndex);
    if (result) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    } else {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__wav(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    drwav_uninit((drwav*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pDecoder->pInternalDecoder, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__wav(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ((drwav*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder)->totalPCMFrameCount;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    drwav* pWav;
    drwav_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    pWav = (drwav*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(sizeof(*pWav), &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pWav == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    allocationCallbacks.pUserData = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.pUserData;
    allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onFree    = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onFree;

    /* Try opening the decoder first. */
    if (!drwav_init(pWav, ma_decoder_internal_on_read__wav, ma_decoder_internal_on_seek__wav, pDecoder, &allocationCallbacks)) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pWav, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    /* If we get here it means we successfully initialized the WAV decoder. We can now initialize the rest of the ma_decoder. */
    pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames        = ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__wav;
    pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame       = ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__wav;
    pDecoder->onUninit               = ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__wav;
    pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames = ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__wav;
    pDecoder->pInternalDecoder       = pWav;

    /* Try to be as optimal as possible for the internal format. If miniaudio does not support a format we will fall back to f32. */
    pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_unknown;
    switch (pWav->translatedFormatTag) {
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM:
        {
            if (pWav->bitsPerSample == 8) {
                pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_s16;
            } else if (pWav->bitsPerSample == 16) {
                pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_s16;
            } else if (pWav->bitsPerSample == 32) {
                pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_s32;
            }
        } break;

        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT:
        {
            if (pWav->bitsPerSample == 32) {
                pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_f32;
            }
        } break;

        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW:
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW:
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM:
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM:
        {
            pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_s16;
        } break;
    }

    if (pDecoder->internalFormat == ma_format_unknown) {
        pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_f32;
    }

    pDecoder->internalChannels = pWav->channels;
    pDecoder->internalSampleRate = pWav->sampleRate;
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_microsoft, pDecoder->internalChannels, pDecoder->internalChannelMap);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* dr_wav_h */

/* FLAC */
#ifdef dr_flac_h
#define MA_HAS_FLAC

static size_t ma_decoder_internal_on_read__flac(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    return ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
}

static drflac_bool32 ma_decoder_internal_on_seek__flac(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    return ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, offset, (origin == drflac_seek_origin_start) ? ma_seek_origin_start : ma_seek_origin_current);
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__flac(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    drflac* pFlac;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    pFlac = (drflac*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);

    switch (pDecoder->internalFormat) {
        case ma_format_s16: return drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16(pFlac, frameCount, (drflac_int16*)pFramesOut);
        case ma_format_s32: return drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32(pFlac, frameCount, (drflac_int32*)pFramesOut);
        case ma_format_f32: return drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32(pFlac, frameCount,        (float*)pFramesOut);
        default: break;
    }

    /* Should never get here. If we do, it means the internal format was not set correctly at initialization time. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__flac(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    drflac_bool32 result;

    pFlac = (drflac*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);

    result = drflac_seek_to_pcm_frame(pFlac, frameIndex);
    if (result) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    } else {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__flac(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    drflac_close((drflac*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__flac(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ((drflac*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder)->totalPCMFrameCount;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    drflac_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    allocationCallbacks.pUserData = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.pUserData;
    allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onFree    = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onFree;

    /* Try opening the decoder first. */
    pFlac = drflac_open(ma_decoder_internal_on_read__flac, ma_decoder_internal_on_seek__flac, pDecoder, &allocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    /* If we get here it means we successfully initialized the FLAC decoder. We can now initialize the rest of the ma_decoder. */
    pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames        = ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__flac;
    pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame       = ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__flac;
    pDecoder->onUninit               = ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__flac;
    pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames = ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__flac;
    pDecoder->pInternalDecoder       = pFlac;

    /*
    dr_flac supports reading as s32, s16 and f32. Try to do a one-to-one mapping if possible, but fall back to s32 if not. s32 is the "native" FLAC format
    since it's the only one that's truly lossless.
    */
    pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_s32;
    if (pConfig->format == ma_format_s16) {
        pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_s16;
    } else if (pConfig->format == ma_format_f32) {
        pDecoder->internalFormat = ma_format_f32;
    }

    pDecoder->internalChannels = pFlac->channels;
    pDecoder->internalSampleRate = pFlac->sampleRate;
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_flac, pDecoder->internalChannels, pDecoder->internalChannelMap);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* dr_flac_h */

/* MP3 */
#ifdef dr_mp3_h
#define MA_HAS_MP3

static size_t ma_decoder_internal_on_read__mp3(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    return ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
}

static drmp3_bool32 ma_decoder_internal_on_seek__mp3(void* pUserData, int offset, drmp3_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    return ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, offset, (origin == drmp3_seek_origin_start) ? ma_seek_origin_start : ma_seek_origin_current);
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__mp3(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    drmp3* pMP3;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    pMP3 = (drmp3*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);

#if defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder->internalFormat == ma_format_f32);
    return drmp3_read_pcm_frames_f32(pMP3, frameCount, (float*)pFramesOut);
#else
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder->internalFormat == ma_format_s16);
    return drmp3_read_pcm_frames_s16(pMP3, frameCount, (drmp3_int16*)pFramesOut);
#endif
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__mp3(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    drmp3* pMP3;
    drmp3_bool32 result;

    pMP3 = (drmp3*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);

    result = drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame(pMP3, frameIndex);
    if (result) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    } else {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__mp3(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    drmp3_uninit((drmp3*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pDecoder->pInternalDecoder, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__mp3(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return drmp3_get_pcm_frame_count((drmp3*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder);
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    drmp3* pMP3;
    drmp3_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    pMP3 = (drmp3*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(sizeof(*pMP3), &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    allocationCallbacks.pUserData = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.pUserData;
    allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onFree    = pDecoder->allocationCallbacks.onFree;

    /*
    Try opening the decoder first. We always use whatever dr_mp3 reports for channel count and sample rate. The format is determined by
    the presence of DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT.
    */
    if (!drmp3_init(pMP3, ma_decoder_internal_on_read__mp3, ma_decoder_internal_on_seek__mp3, pDecoder, &allocationCallbacks)) {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pMP3, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    /* If we get here it means we successfully initialized the MP3 decoder. We can now initialize the rest of the ma_decoder. */
    pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames        = ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__mp3;
    pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame       = ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__mp3;
    pDecoder->onUninit               = ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__mp3;
    pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames = ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__mp3;
    pDecoder->pInternalDecoder       = pMP3;

    /* Internal format. */
#if defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
    pDecoder->internalFormat     = ma_format_f32;
#else
    pDecoder->internalFormat     = ma_format_s16;
#endif
    pDecoder->internalChannels   = pMP3->channels;
    pDecoder->internalSampleRate = pMP3->sampleRate;
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_default, pDecoder->internalChannels, pDecoder->internalChannelMap);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* dr_mp3_h */

/* Vorbis */
#ifdef STB_VORBIS_INCLUDE_STB_VORBIS_H
#define MA_HAS_VORBIS

/* The size in bytes of each chunk of data to read from the Vorbis stream. */
#define MA_VORBIS_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE  4096

typedef struct
{
    stb_vorbis* pInternalVorbis;
    ma_uint8* pData;
    size_t dataSize;
    size_t dataCapacity;
    ma_uint32 framesConsumed;  /* The number of frames consumed in ppPacketData. */
    ma_uint32 framesRemaining; /* The number of frames remaining in ppPacketData. */
    float** ppPacketData;
} ma_vorbis_decoder;

static ma_uint64 ma_vorbis_decoder_read_pcm_frames(ma_vorbis_decoder* pVorbis, ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    float* pFramesOutF;
    ma_uint64 totalFramesRead;

    MA_ASSERT(pVorbis  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    pFramesOutF = (float*)pFramesOut;

    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (frameCount > 0) {
        /* Read from the in-memory buffer first. */
        ma_uint32 framesToReadFromCache = (ma_uint32)ma_min(pVorbis->framesRemaining, frameCount);  /* Safe cast because pVorbis->framesRemaining is 32-bit. */

        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            ma_uint64 iFrame;
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < framesToReadFromCache; iFrame += 1) {
                ma_uint32 iChannel;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pDecoder->internalChannels; ++iChannel) {
                    pFramesOutF[iChannel] = pVorbis->ppPacketData[iChannel][pVorbis->framesConsumed+iFrame];   
                }
                pFramesOutF += pDecoder->internalChannels;
            }
        }

        pVorbis->framesConsumed  += framesToReadFromCache;
        pVorbis->framesRemaining -= framesToReadFromCache;
        frameCount               -= framesToReadFromCache;
        totalFramesRead          += framesToReadFromCache;

        if (frameCount == 0) {
            break;
        }

        MA_ASSERT(pVorbis->framesRemaining == 0);

        /* We've run out of cached frames, so decode the next packet and continue iteration. */
        do
        {
            int samplesRead;
            int consumedDataSize;

            if (pVorbis->dataSize > INT_MAX) {
                break;  /* Too big. */
            }

            samplesRead = 0;
            consumedDataSize = stb_vorbis_decode_frame_pushdata(pVorbis->pInternalVorbis, pVorbis->pData, (int)pVorbis->dataSize, NULL, (float***)&pVorbis->ppPacketData, &samplesRead);
            if (consumedDataSize != 0) {
                size_t leftoverDataSize = (pVorbis->dataSize - (size_t)consumedDataSize);
                size_t i;
                for (i = 0; i < leftoverDataSize; ++i) {
                    pVorbis->pData[i] = pVorbis->pData[i + consumedDataSize];
                }

                pVorbis->dataSize = leftoverDataSize;
                pVorbis->framesConsumed = 0;
                pVorbis->framesRemaining = samplesRead;
                break;
            } else {
                /* Need more data. If there's any room in the existing buffer allocation fill that first. Otherwise expand. */
                size_t bytesRead;
                if (pVorbis->dataCapacity == pVorbis->dataSize) {
                    /* No room. Expand. */
                    size_t oldCap = pVorbis->dataCapacity;
                    size_t newCap = pVorbis->dataCapacity + MA_VORBIS_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE;
                    ma_uint8* pNewData;

                    pNewData = (ma_uint8*)ma__realloc_from_callbacks(pVorbis->pData, newCap, oldCap, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
                    if (pNewData == NULL) {
                        return totalFramesRead; /* Out of memory. */
                    }

                    pVorbis->pData = pNewData;
                    pVorbis->dataCapacity = newCap;
                }

                /* Fill in a chunk. */
                bytesRead = ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, pVorbis->pData + pVorbis->dataSize, (pVorbis->dataCapacity - pVorbis->dataSize));
                if (bytesRead == 0) {
                    return totalFramesRead; /* Error reading more data. */
                }

                pVorbis->dataSize += bytesRead;
            }
        } while (MA_TRUE);
    }

    return totalFramesRead;
}

static ma_result ma_vorbis_decoder_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_vorbis_decoder* pVorbis, ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    float buffer[4096];

    MA_ASSERT(pVorbis != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    /*
    This is terribly inefficient because stb_vorbis does not have a good seeking solution with it's push API. Currently this just performs
    a full decode right from the start of the stream. Later on I'll need to write a layer that goes through all of the Ogg pages until we
    find the one containing the sample we need. Then we know exactly where to seek for stb_vorbis.

    TODO: Use seeking logic documented for stb_vorbis_flush_pushdata().
    */
    if (!ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start)) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    stb_vorbis_flush_pushdata(pVorbis->pInternalVorbis);
    pVorbis->framesConsumed  = 0;
    pVorbis->framesRemaining = 0;
    pVorbis->dataSize        = 0;

    while (frameIndex > 0) {
        ma_uint32 framesRead;
        ma_uint32 framesToRead = ma_countof(buffer)/pDecoder->internalChannels;
        if (framesToRead > frameIndex) {
            framesToRead = (ma_uint32)frameIndex;
        }

        framesRead = (ma_uint32)ma_vorbis_decoder_read_pcm_frames(pVorbis, pDecoder, buffer, framesToRead);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            return MA_ERROR;
        }

        frameIndex -= framesRead;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__vorbis(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    ma_vorbis_decoder* pVorbis = (ma_vorbis_decoder*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pVorbis != NULL);

    return ma_vorbis_decoder_seek_to_pcm_frame(pVorbis, pDecoder, frameIndex);
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__vorbis(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_vorbis_decoder* pVorbis = (ma_vorbis_decoder*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pVorbis != NULL);

    stb_vorbis_close(pVorbis->pInternalVorbis);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pVorbis->pData, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pVorbis,        &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__vorbis(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_vorbis_decoder* pVorbis;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder->internalFormat == ma_format_f32);

    pVorbis = (ma_vorbis_decoder*)pDecoder->pInternalDecoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pVorbis != NULL);

    return ma_vorbis_decoder_read_pcm_frames(pVorbis, pDecoder, pFramesOut, frameCount);
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__vorbis(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    /* No good way to do this with Vorbis. */
    (void)pDecoder;
    return 0;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_init_vorbis__internal(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    stb_vorbis* pInternalVorbis = NULL;
    size_t dataSize = 0;
    size_t dataCapacity = 0;
    ma_uint8* pData = NULL;
    stb_vorbis_info vorbisInfo;
    size_t vorbisDataSize;
    ma_vorbis_decoder* pVorbis;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    /* We grow the buffer in chunks. */
    do
    {
        /* Allocate memory for a new chunk. */
        ma_uint8* pNewData;
        size_t bytesRead;
        int vorbisError = 0;
        int consumedDataSize = 0;
        size_t oldCapacity = dataCapacity;

        dataCapacity += MA_VORBIS_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE;
        pNewData = (ma_uint8*)ma__realloc_from_callbacks(pData, dataCapacity, oldCapacity, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pNewData == NULL) {
            ma__free_from_callbacks(pData, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
            return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }

        pData = pNewData;

        /* Fill in a chunk. */
        bytesRead = ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, pData + dataSize, (dataCapacity - dataSize));
        if (bytesRead == 0) {
            return MA_ERROR;
        }

        dataSize += bytesRead;
        if (dataSize > INT_MAX) {
            return MA_ERROR;   /* Too big. */
        }

        pInternalVorbis = stb_vorbis_open_pushdata(pData, (int)dataSize, &consumedDataSize, &vorbisError, NULL);
        if (pInternalVorbis != NULL) {
            /*
            If we get here it means we were able to open the stb_vorbis decoder. There may be some leftover bytes in our buffer, so
            we need to move those bytes down to the front of the buffer since they'll be needed for future decoding.
            */
            size_t leftoverDataSize = (dataSize - (size_t)consumedDataSize);
            size_t i;
            for (i = 0; i < leftoverDataSize; ++i) {
                pData[i] = pData[i + consumedDataSize];
            }

            dataSize = leftoverDataSize;
            break;  /* Success. */
        } else {
            if (vorbisError == VORBIS_need_more_data) {
                continue;
            } else {
                return MA_ERROR;   /* Failed to open the stb_vorbis decoder. */
            }
        }
    } while (MA_TRUE);


    /* If we get here it means we successfully opened the Vorbis decoder. */
    vorbisInfo = stb_vorbis_get_info(pInternalVorbis);

    /* Don't allow more than MA_MAX_CHANNELS channels. */
    if (vorbisInfo.channels > MA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
        stb_vorbis_close(pInternalVorbis);
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pData, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_ERROR;   /* Too many channels. */
    }

    vorbisDataSize = sizeof(ma_vorbis_decoder) + sizeof(float)*vorbisInfo.max_frame_size;
    pVorbis = (ma_vorbis_decoder*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(vorbisDataSize, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pVorbis == NULL) {
        stb_vorbis_close(pInternalVorbis);
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pData, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    MA_ZERO_MEMORY(pVorbis, vorbisDataSize);
    pVorbis->pInternalVorbis = pInternalVorbis;
    pVorbis->pData = pData;
    pVorbis->dataSize = dataSize;
    pVorbis->dataCapacity = dataCapacity;

    pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames        = ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__vorbis;
    pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame       = ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__vorbis;
    pDecoder->onUninit               = ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__vorbis;
    pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames = ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__vorbis;
    pDecoder->pInternalDecoder       = pVorbis;

    /* The internal format is always f32. */
    pDecoder->internalFormat     = ma_format_f32;
    pDecoder->internalChannels   = vorbisInfo.channels;
    pDecoder->internalSampleRate = vorbisInfo.sample_rate;
    ma_get_standard_channel_map(ma_standard_channel_map_vorbis, pDecoder->internalChannels, pDecoder->internalChannelMap);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}
#endif  /* STB_VORBIS_INCLUDE_STB_VORBIS_H */

/* Raw */
static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__raw(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint32 bpf;
    ma_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    void* pRunningFramesOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    /* For raw decoding we just read directly from the decoder's callbacks. */
    bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDecoder->internalFormat, pDecoder->internalChannels);

    totalFramesRead   = 0;
    pRunningFramesOut = pFramesOut;

    while (totalFramesRead < frameCount) {
        ma_uint64 framesReadThisIteration;
        ma_uint64 framesToReadThisIteration = (frameCount - totalFramesRead);
        if (framesToReadThisIteration > 0x7FFFFFFF/bpf) {
            framesToReadThisIteration = 0x7FFFFFFF/bpf;
        }

        if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
            framesReadThisIteration = ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, pRunningFramesOut, (size_t)framesToReadThisIteration * bpf) / bpf;    /* Safe cast to size_t. */
            pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pRunningFramesOut, framesReadThisIteration * bpf);
        } else {
            /* We'll first try seeking. If this fails it means the end was reached and we'll to do a read-and-discard slow path to get the exact amount. */
            if (ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, (int)framesToReadThisIteration, ma_seek_origin_current)) {
                framesReadThisIteration = framesToReadThisIteration;
            } else {
                /* Slow path. Need to fall back to a read-and-discard. This is required so we can get the exact number of remaining. */
                ma_uint8 buffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];
                ma_uint32 bufferCap = sizeof(buffer) / bpf;

                framesReadThisIteration = 0;
                while (framesReadThisIteration < framesToReadThisIteration) {
                    ma_uint64 framesReadNow;
                    ma_uint64 framesToReadNow = framesToReadThisIteration - framesReadThisIteration;
                    if (framesToReadNow > bufferCap) {
                        framesToReadNow = bufferCap;
                    }

                    framesReadNow = ma_decoder_read_bytes(pDecoder, buffer, (size_t)(framesToReadNow * bpf)) / bpf; /* Safe cast. */
                    framesReadThisIteration += framesReadNow;

                    if (framesReadNow < framesToReadNow) {
                        break;  /* The end has been reached. */
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        totalFramesRead += framesReadThisIteration;

        if (framesReadThisIteration < framesToReadThisIteration) {
            break;  /* Done. */
        }
    }

    return totalFramesRead;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__raw(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    ma_bool32 result = MA_FALSE;
    ma_uint64 totalBytesToSeek;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    if (pDecoder->onSeek == NULL) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    /* The callback uses a 32 bit integer whereas we use a 64 bit unsigned integer. We just need to continuously seek until we're at the correct position. */
    totalBytesToSeek = frameIndex * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDecoder->internalFormat, pDecoder->internalChannels);
    if (totalBytesToSeek < 0x7FFFFFFF) {
        /* Simple case. */
        result = ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, (int)(frameIndex * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDecoder->internalFormat, pDecoder->internalChannels)), ma_seek_origin_start);
    } else {
        /* Complex case. Start by doing a seek relative to the start. Then keep looping using offset seeking. */
        result = ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, 0x7FFFFFFF, ma_seek_origin_start);
        if (result == MA_TRUE) {
            totalBytesToSeek -= 0x7FFFFFFF;

            while (totalBytesToSeek > 0) {
                ma_uint64 bytesToSeekThisIteration = totalBytesToSeek;
                if (bytesToSeekThisIteration > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                    bytesToSeekThisIteration = 0x7FFFFFFF;
                }

                result = ma_decoder_seek_bytes(pDecoder, (int)bytesToSeekThisIteration, ma_seek_origin_current);
                if (result != MA_TRUE) {
                    break;
                }

                totalBytesToSeek -= bytesToSeekThisIteration;
            }
        }
    }

    if (result) {
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    } else {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__raw(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_uint64 ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__raw(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    (void)pDecoder;
    return 0;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_init_raw__internal(const ma_decoder_config* pConfigIn, const ma_decoder_config* pConfigOut, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pConfigIn != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pConfigOut != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames        = ma_decoder_internal_on_read_pcm_frames__raw;
    pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame       = ma_decoder_internal_on_seek_to_pcm_frame__raw;
    pDecoder->onUninit               = ma_decoder_internal_on_uninit__raw;
    pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames = ma_decoder_internal_on_get_length_in_pcm_frames__raw;

    /* Internal format. */
    pDecoder->internalFormat     = pConfigIn->format;
    pDecoder->internalChannels   = pConfigIn->channels;
    pDecoder->internalSampleRate = pConfigIn->sampleRate;
    ma_channel_map_copy(pDecoder->internalChannelMap, pConfigIn->channelMap, pConfigIn->channels);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__init_allocation_callbacks(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    if (pConfig != NULL) {
        return ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pDecoder->allocationCallbacks, &pConfig->allocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        pDecoder->allocationCallbacks = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_default();
        return MA_SUCCESS;
    }
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__data_source_on_read(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_uint64 framesRead = ma_decoder_read_pcm_frames((ma_decoder*)pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount);

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = framesRead;
    }

    if (framesRead < frameCount) {
        return MA_AT_END;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__data_source_on_seek(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    return ma_decoder_seek_to_pcm_frame((ma_decoder*)pDataSource, frameIndex);
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__data_source_on_get_data_format(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels)
{
    ma_decoder* pDecoder = (ma_decoder*)pDataSource;

    *pFormat   = pDecoder->outputFormat;
    *pChannels = pDecoder->outputChannels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__preinit(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);

    if (pDecoder == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pDecoder);

    if (onRead == NULL || onSeek == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pDecoder->ds.onRead          = ma_decoder__data_source_on_read;
    pDecoder->ds.onSeek          = ma_decoder__data_source_on_seek;
    pDecoder->ds.onGetDataFormat = ma_decoder__data_source_on_get_data_format;

    pDecoder->onRead    = onRead;
    pDecoder->onSeek    = onSeek;
    pDecoder->pUserData = pUserData;

    result = ma_decoder__init_allocation_callbacks(pConfig, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__postinit(const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;

    /* Basic validation in case the internal decoder supports different limits to miniaudio. */
    if (pDecoder->internalChannels < MA_MIN_CHANNELS || pDecoder->internalChannels > MA_MAX_CHANNELS) {
        result = MA_INVALID_DATA;
    }

    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__init_data_converter(pDecoder, pConfig);
    }

    /* If we failed post initialization we need to uninitialize the decoder before returning to prevent a memory leak. */
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_decoder_uninit(pDecoder);
        return result;
    }

    return result;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_wav(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)onRead;
    (void)onSeek;
    (void)pUserData;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_flac(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)onRead;
    (void)onSeek;
    (void)pUserData;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_mp3(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)onRead;
    (void)onSeek;
    (void)pUserData;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vorbis(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_VORBIS
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_vorbis__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)onRead;
    (void)onSeek;
    (void)pUserData;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_raw(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfigIn, const ma_decoder_config* pConfigOut, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfigOut);

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_raw__internal(pConfigIn, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
}

static ma_result ma_decoder_init__internal(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result = MA_NO_BACKEND;

    MA_ASSERT(pConfig != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    /* Silence some warnings in the case that we don't have any decoder backends enabled. */
    (void)onRead;
    (void)onSeek;
    (void)pUserData;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;

    /* We use trial and error to open a decoder. */

#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(pConfig, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            onSeek(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(pConfig, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            onSeek(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(pConfig, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            onSeek(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_VORBIS
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_vorbis__internal(pConfig, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            onSeek(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init(ma_decoder_read_proc onRead, ma_decoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder_init__internal(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, &config, pDecoder);
}


static size_t ma_decoder__on_read_memory(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    size_t bytesRemaining;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize >= pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos);

    bytesRemaining = pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize - pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos;
    if (bytesToRead > bytesRemaining) {
        bytesToRead = bytesRemaining;
    }

    if (bytesToRead > 0) {
        MA_COPY_MEMORY(pBufferOut, pDecoder->backend.memory.pData + pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos, bytesToRead);
        pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos += bytesToRead;
    }

    return bytesToRead;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_decoder__on_seek_memory(ma_decoder* pDecoder, int byteOffset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    if (origin == ma_seek_origin_current) {
        if (byteOffset > 0) {
            if (pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos + byteOffset > pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize) {
                byteOffset = (int)(pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize - pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos);  /* Trying to seek too far forward. */
            }
        } else {
            if (pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos < (size_t)-byteOffset) {
                byteOffset = -(int)pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos;  /* Trying to seek too far backwards. */
            }
        }

        /* This will never underflow thanks to the clamps above. */
        pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos += byteOffset;
    } else {
        if ((ma_uint32)byteOffset <= pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize) {
            pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos = byteOffset;
        } else {
            pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos = pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize;  /* Trying to seek too far forward. */
        }
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__preinit_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result = ma_decoder__preinit(ma_decoder__on_read_memory, ma_decoder__on_seek_memory, NULL, pConfig, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    if (pData == NULL || dataSize == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pDecoder->backend.memory.pData = (const ma_uint8*)pData;
    pDecoder->backend.memory.dataSize = dataSize;
    pDecoder->backend.memory.currentReadPos = 0;

    (void)pConfig;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);  /* Make sure the config is not NULL. */

    result = ma_decoder__preinit_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder_init__internal(ma_decoder__on_read_memory, ma_decoder__on_seek_memory, NULL, &config, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory_wav(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);  /* Make sure the config is not NULL. */

    result = ma_decoder__preinit_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)pData;
    (void)dataSize;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory_flac(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);  /* Make sure the config is not NULL. */

    result = ma_decoder__preinit_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)pData;
    (void)dataSize;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory_mp3(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);  /* Make sure the config is not NULL. */

    result = ma_decoder__preinit_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)pData;
    (void)dataSize;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory_vorbis(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_VORBIS
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);  /* Make sure the config is not NULL. */

    result = ma_decoder__preinit_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_vorbis__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
#else
    (void)pData;
    (void)dataSize;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_memory_raw(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const ma_decoder_config* pConfigIn, const ma_decoder_config* pConfigOut, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_result result;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfigOut);  /* Make sure the config is not NULL. */

    result = ma_decoder__preinit_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_raw__internal(pConfigIn, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
}

static const char* ma_path_file_name(const char* path)
{
    const char* fileName;

    if (path == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    fileName = path;

    /* We just loop through the path until we find the last slash. */
    while (path[0] != '\0') {
        if (path[0] == '/' || path[0] == '\\') {
            fileName = path;
        }

        path += 1;
    }

    /* At this point the file name is sitting on a slash, so just move forward. */
    while (fileName[0] != '\0' && (fileName[0] == '/' || fileName[0] == '\\')) {
        fileName += 1;
    }

    return fileName;
}

static const wchar_t* ma_path_file_name_w(const wchar_t* path)
{
    const wchar_t* fileName;

    if (path == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }

    fileName = path;

    /* We just loop through the path until we find the last slash. */
    while (path[0] != '\0') {
        if (path[0] == '/' || path[0] == '\\') {
            fileName = path;
        }

        path += 1;
    }

    /* At this point the file name is sitting on a slash, so just move forward. */
    while (fileName[0] != '\0' && (fileName[0] == '/' || fileName[0] == '\\')) {
        fileName += 1;
    }

    return fileName;
}


static const char* ma_path_extension(const char* path)
{
    const char* extension;
    const char* lastOccurance;

    if (path == NULL) {
        path = "";
    }

    extension = ma_path_file_name(path);
    lastOccurance = NULL;

    /* Just find the last '.' and return. */
    while (extension[0] != '\0') {
        if (extension[0] == '.') {
            extension += 1;
            lastOccurance = extension;
        }

        extension += 1;
    }

    return (lastOccurance != NULL) ? lastOccurance : extension;
}

static const wchar_t* ma_path_extension_w(const wchar_t* path)
{
    const wchar_t* extension;
    const wchar_t* lastOccurance;

    if (path == NULL) {
        path = L"";
    }

    extension = ma_path_file_name_w(path);
    lastOccurance = NULL;

    /* Just find the last '.' and return. */
    while (extension[0] != '\0') {
        if (extension[0] == '.') {
            extension += 1;
            lastOccurance = extension;
        }

        extension += 1;
    }

    return (lastOccurance != NULL) ? lastOccurance : extension;
}


static ma_bool32 ma_path_extension_equal(const char* path, const char* extension)
{
    const char* ext1;
    const char* ext2;

    if (path == NULL || extension == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    ext1 = extension;
    ext2 = ma_path_extension(path);

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__DMC__)
    return _stricmp(ext1, ext2) == 0;
#else
    return strcasecmp(ext1, ext2) == 0;
#endif
}

static ma_bool32 ma_path_extension_equal_w(const wchar_t* path, const wchar_t* extension)
{
    const wchar_t* ext1;
    const wchar_t* ext2;

    if (path == NULL || extension == NULL) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    ext1 = extension;
    ext2 = ma_path_extension_w(path);

#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__DMC__)
    return _wcsicmp(ext1, ext2) == 0;
#else
    /*
    I'm not aware of a wide character version of strcasecmp(). I'm therefore converting the extensions to multibyte strings and comparing those. This
    isn't the most efficient way to do it, but it should work OK.
    */
    {
        char ext1MB[4096];
        char ext2MB[4096];
        const wchar_t* pext1 = ext1;
        const wchar_t* pext2 = ext2;
        mbstate_t mbs1;
        mbstate_t mbs2;

        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs1);
        MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs2);

        if (wcsrtombs(ext1MB, &pext1, sizeof(ext1MB), &mbs1) == (size_t)-1) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }
        if (wcsrtombs(ext2MB, &pext2, sizeof(ext2MB), &mbs2) == (size_t)-1) {
            return MA_FALSE;
        }

        return strcasecmp(ext1MB, ext2MB) == 0;
    }
#endif
}



static size_t ma_decoder__on_read_vfs(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    size_t bytesRead;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder   != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pBufferOut != NULL);

    if (pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS == NULL) {
        ma_default_vfs_read(NULL, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file, pBufferOut, bytesToRead, &bytesRead);
    } else {
        ma_vfs_read(pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file, pBufferOut, bytesToRead, &bytesRead);
    }
    
    return bytesRead;
}

static ma_bool32 ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(ma_decoder* pDecoder, int offset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_result result;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);

    if (pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS == NULL) {
        result = ma_default_vfs_seek(NULL, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file, offset, origin);
    } else {
        result = ma_vfs_seek(pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file, offset, origin);
    }
    
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return MA_FALSE;
    }

    return MA_TRUE;
}

static ma_result ma_decoder__preinit_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_vfs_file file;

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(ma_decoder__on_read_vfs, ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs, NULL, pConfig, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    if (pFilePath == NULL || pFilePath[0] == '\0') {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pVFS == NULL) {
        result = ma_default_vfs_open(NULL, pFilePath, MA_OPEN_MODE_READ, &file);
    } else {
        result = ma_vfs_open(pVFS, pFilePath, MA_OPEN_MODE_READ, &file);
    }
    
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS = pVFS;
    pDecoder->backend.vfs.file = file;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = MA_NO_BACKEND;

#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS && ma_path_extension_equal(pFilePath, "wav")) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(&config, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS && ma_path_extension_equal(pFilePath, "flac")) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(&config, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS && ma_path_extension_equal(pFilePath, "mp3")) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(&config, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif

    /* If we still haven't got a result just use trial and error. Otherwise we can finish up. */
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder_init__internal(ma_decoder__on_read_vfs, ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs, NULL, &config, pDecoder);
    } else {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_wav(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_flac(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_mp3(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_vorbis(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_VORBIS
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_vorbis__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}



static ma_result ma_decoder__preinit_vfs_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_vfs_file file;

    result = ma_decoder__preinit(ma_decoder__on_read_vfs, ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs, NULL, pConfig, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    if (pFilePath == NULL || pFilePath[0] == '\0') {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pVFS == NULL) {
        result = ma_default_vfs_open_w(NULL, pFilePath, MA_OPEN_MODE_READ, &file);
    } else {
        result = ma_vfs_open_w(pVFS, pFilePath, MA_OPEN_MODE_READ, &file);
    }
    
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS = pVFS;
    pDecoder->backend.vfs.file = file;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs_w(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = MA_NO_BACKEND;

#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS && ma_path_extension_equal_w(pFilePath, L"wav")) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(&config, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS && ma_path_extension_equal_w(pFilePath, L"flac")) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(&config, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS && ma_path_extension_equal_w(pFilePath, L"mp3")) {
        result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(&config, pDecoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs(pDecoder, 0, ma_seek_origin_start);
        }
    }
#endif

    /* If we still haven't got a result just use trial and error. Otherwise we can finish up. */
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder_init__internal(ma_decoder__on_read_vfs, ma_decoder__on_seek_vfs, NULL, &config, pDecoder);
    } else {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_wav_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_WAV
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs_w(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_wav__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_flac_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_FLAC
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs_w(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_flac__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_mp3_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_MP3
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs_w(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_mp3__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_vfs_vorbis_w(ma_vfs* pVFS, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
#ifdef MA_HAS_VORBIS
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    result = ma_decoder__preinit_vfs_w(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, pDecoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder_init_vorbis__internal(&config, pDecoder);
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = ma_decoder__postinit(&config, pDecoder);
    }

    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        ma_vfs_close(pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
    }

    return result;
#else
    (void)pVFS;
    (void)pFilePath;
    (void)pConfig;
    (void)pDecoder;
    return MA_NO_BACKEND;
#endif
}



MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_wav(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_wav(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_flac(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_flac(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_mp3(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_mp3(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_vorbis(const char* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_vorbis(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}



MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_w(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_wav_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_wav_w(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_flac_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_flac_w(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_mp3_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_mp3_w(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_init_file_vorbis_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    return ma_decoder_init_vfs_vorbis_w(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pDecoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_uninit(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    if (pDecoder == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pDecoder->onUninit) {
        pDecoder->onUninit(pDecoder);
    }

    if (pDecoder->onRead == ma_decoder__on_read_vfs) {
        if (pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS == NULL) {
            ma_default_vfs_close(NULL, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
        } else {
            ma_vfs_close(pDecoder->backend.vfs.pVFS, pDecoder->backend.vfs.file);
        }
    }

    ma_data_converter_uninit(&pDecoder->converter);

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_decoder_get_length_in_pcm_frames(ma_decoder* pDecoder)
{
    if (pDecoder == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames) {
        ma_uint64 nativeLengthInPCMFrames = pDecoder->onGetLengthInPCMFrames(pDecoder);
        if (pDecoder->internalSampleRate == pDecoder->outputSampleRate) {
            return nativeLengthInPCMFrames;
        } else {
            return ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDecoder->outputSampleRate, pDecoder->internalSampleRate, nativeLengthInPCMFrames);
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_decoder_read_pcm_frames(ma_decoder* pDecoder, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_uint64 totalFramesReadOut;
    ma_uint64 totalFramesReadIn;
    void* pRunningFramesOut;
    
    if (pDecoder == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* Fast path. */
    if (pDecoder->converter.isPassthrough) {
        return pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames(pDecoder, pFramesOut, frameCount);
    }

    /*
    Getting here means we need to do data conversion. If we're seeking forward and are _not_ doing resampling we can run this in a fast path. If we're doing resampling we
    need to run through each sample because we need to ensure it's internal cache is updated.
    */
    if (pFramesOut == NULL && pDecoder->converter.hasResampler == MA_FALSE) {
        return pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames(pDecoder, NULL, frameCount);   /* All decoder backends must support passing in NULL for the output buffer. */
    }

    /* Slow path. Need to run everything through the data converter. */
    totalFramesReadOut = 0;
    totalFramesReadIn  = 0;
    pRunningFramesOut  = pFramesOut;
    
    while (totalFramesReadOut < frameCount) {
        ma_uint8 pIntermediaryBuffer[MA_DATA_CONVERTER_STACK_BUFFER_SIZE];  /* In internal format. */
        ma_uint64 intermediaryBufferCap = sizeof(pIntermediaryBuffer) / ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDecoder->internalFormat, pDecoder->internalChannels);
        ma_uint64 framesToReadThisIterationIn;
        ma_uint64 framesReadThisIterationIn;
        ma_uint64 framesToReadThisIterationOut;
        ma_uint64 framesReadThisIterationOut;
        ma_uint64 requiredInputFrameCount;

        framesToReadThisIterationOut = (frameCount - totalFramesReadOut);
        framesToReadThisIterationIn = framesToReadThisIterationOut;
        if (framesToReadThisIterationIn > intermediaryBufferCap) {
            framesToReadThisIterationIn = intermediaryBufferCap;
        }

        requiredInputFrameCount = ma_data_converter_get_required_input_frame_count(&pDecoder->converter, framesToReadThisIterationOut);
        if (framesToReadThisIterationIn > requiredInputFrameCount) {
            framesToReadThisIterationIn = requiredInputFrameCount;
        }

        if (requiredInputFrameCount > 0) {
            framesReadThisIterationIn = pDecoder->onReadPCMFrames(pDecoder, pIntermediaryBuffer, framesToReadThisIterationIn);
            totalFramesReadIn += framesReadThisIterationIn;
        }

        /*
        At this point we have our decoded data in input format and now we need to convert to output format. Note that even if we didn't read any
        input frames, we still want to try processing frames because there may some output frames generated from cached input data.
        */
        framesReadThisIterationOut = framesToReadThisIterationOut;
        result = ma_data_converter_process_pcm_frames(&pDecoder->converter, pIntermediaryBuffer, &framesReadThisIterationIn, pRunningFramesOut, &framesReadThisIterationOut);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            break;
        }

        totalFramesReadOut += framesReadThisIterationOut;

        if (pRunningFramesOut != NULL) {
            pRunningFramesOut = ma_offset_ptr(pRunningFramesOut, framesReadThisIterationOut * ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDecoder->outputFormat, pDecoder->outputChannels));
        }

        if (framesReadThisIterationIn == 0 && framesReadThisIterationOut == 0) {
            break;  /* We're done. */
        }
    }

    return totalFramesReadOut;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decoder_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    if (pDecoder == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame) {
        ma_uint64 internalFrameIndex;
        if (pDecoder->internalSampleRate == pDecoder->outputSampleRate) {
            internalFrameIndex = frameIndex;
        } else {
            internalFrameIndex = ma_calculate_frame_count_after_resampling(pDecoder->internalSampleRate, pDecoder->outputSampleRate, frameIndex);
        }

        return pDecoder->onSeekToPCMFrame(pDecoder, internalFrameIndex);
    }

    /* Should never get here, but if we do it means onSeekToPCMFrame was not set by the backend. */
    return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
}


static ma_result ma_decoder__full_decode_and_uninit(ma_decoder* pDecoder, ma_decoder_config* pConfigOut, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut)
{
    ma_uint64 totalFrameCount;
    ma_uint64 bpf;
    ma_uint64 dataCapInFrames;
    void* pPCMFramesOut;

    MA_ASSERT(pDecoder != NULL);
    
    totalFrameCount = 0;
    bpf = ma_get_bytes_per_frame(pDecoder->outputFormat, pDecoder->outputChannels);

    /* The frame count is unknown until we try reading. Thus, we just run in a loop. */
    dataCapInFrames = 0;
    pPCMFramesOut = NULL;
    for (;;) {
        ma_uint64 frameCountToTryReading;
        ma_uint64 framesJustRead;

        /* Make room if there's not enough. */
        if (totalFrameCount == dataCapInFrames) {
            void* pNewPCMFramesOut;
            ma_uint64 oldDataCapInFrames = dataCapInFrames;
            ma_uint64 newDataCapInFrames = dataCapInFrames*2;
            if (newDataCapInFrames == 0) {
                newDataCapInFrames = 4096;
            }

            if ((newDataCapInFrames * bpf) > MA_SIZE_MAX) {
                ma__free_from_callbacks(pPCMFramesOut, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
                return MA_TOO_BIG;
            }


            pNewPCMFramesOut = (void*)ma__realloc_from_callbacks(pPCMFramesOut, (size_t)(newDataCapInFrames * bpf), (size_t)(oldDataCapInFrames * bpf), &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
            if (pNewPCMFramesOut == NULL) {
                ma__free_from_callbacks(pPCMFramesOut, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
                return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
            }

            dataCapInFrames = newDataCapInFrames;
            pPCMFramesOut = pNewPCMFramesOut;
        }

        frameCountToTryReading = dataCapInFrames - totalFrameCount;
        MA_ASSERT(frameCountToTryReading > 0);

        framesJustRead = ma_decoder_read_pcm_frames(pDecoder, (ma_uint8*)pPCMFramesOut + (totalFrameCount * bpf), frameCountToTryReading);
        totalFrameCount += framesJustRead;

        if (framesJustRead < frameCountToTryReading) {
            break;
        }
    }

    
    if (pConfigOut != NULL) {
        pConfigOut->format = pDecoder->outputFormat;
        pConfigOut->channels = pDecoder->outputChannels;
        pConfigOut->sampleRate = pDecoder->outputSampleRate;
        ma_channel_map_copy(pConfigOut->channelMap, pDecoder->outputChannelMap, pDecoder->outputChannels);
    }

    if (ppPCMFramesOut != NULL) {
        *ppPCMFramesOut = pPCMFramesOut;
    } else {
        ma__free_from_callbacks(pPCMFramesOut, &pDecoder->allocationCallbacks);
    }

    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = totalFrameCount;
    }

    ma_decoder_uninit(pDecoder);
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decode_from_vfs(ma_vfs* pVFS, const char* pFilePath, ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut)
{
    ma_result result;
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_decoder decoder;

    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (ppPCMFramesOut != NULL) {
        *ppPCMFramesOut = NULL;
    }

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);

    result = ma_decoder_init_vfs(pVFS, pFilePath, &config, &decoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    result = ma_decoder__full_decode_and_uninit(&decoder, pConfig, pFrameCountOut, ppPCMFramesOut);

    return result;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decode_file(const char* pFilePath, ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut)
{
    return ma_decode_from_vfs(NULL, pFilePath, pConfig, pFrameCountOut, ppPCMFramesOut);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_decode_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, ma_decoder_config* pConfig, ma_uint64* pFrameCountOut, void** ppPCMFramesOut)
{
    ma_decoder_config config;
    ma_decoder decoder;
    ma_result result;

    if (pFrameCountOut != NULL) {
        *pFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (ppPCMFramesOut != NULL) {
        *ppPCMFramesOut = NULL;
    }

    if (pData == NULL || dataSize == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    config = ma_decoder_config_init_copy(pConfig);
    
    result = ma_decoder_init_memory(pData, dataSize, &config, &decoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_decoder__full_decode_and_uninit(&decoder, pConfig, pFrameCountOut, ppPCMFramesOut);
}
#endif  /* MA_NO_DECODING */


#ifndef MA_NO_ENCODING

#if defined(MA_HAS_WAV)
static size_t ma_encoder__internal_on_write_wav(void* pUserData, const void* pData, size_t bytesToWrite)
{
    ma_encoder* pEncoder = (ma_encoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);

    return pEncoder->onWrite(pEncoder, pData, bytesToWrite);
}

static drwav_bool32 ma_encoder__internal_on_seek_wav(void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin)
{
    ma_encoder* pEncoder = (ma_encoder*)pUserData;
    MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);

    return pEncoder->onSeek(pEncoder, offset, (origin == drwav_seek_origin_start) ? ma_seek_origin_start : ma_seek_origin_current);
}

static ma_result ma_encoder__on_init_wav(ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    drwav_data_format wavFormat;
    drwav_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    drwav* pWav;

    MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);

    pWav = (drwav*)ma__malloc_from_callbacks(sizeof(*pWav), &pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks);
    if (pWav == NULL) {
        return MA_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    }

    wavFormat.container     = drwav_container_riff;
    wavFormat.channels      = pEncoder->config.channels;
    wavFormat.sampleRate    = pEncoder->config.sampleRate;
    wavFormat.bitsPerSample = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pEncoder->config.format) * 8;
    if (pEncoder->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        wavFormat.format    = DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT;
    } else {
        wavFormat.format    = DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
    }

    allocationCallbacks.pUserData = pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks.pUserData;
    allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks.onMalloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks.onRealloc;
    allocationCallbacks.onFree    = pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks.onFree;
    
    if (!drwav_init_write(pWav, &wavFormat, ma_encoder__internal_on_write_wav, ma_encoder__internal_on_seek_wav, pEncoder, &allocationCallbacks)) {
        return MA_ERROR;
    }

    pEncoder->pInternalEncoder = pWav;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static void ma_encoder__on_uninit_wav(ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    drwav* pWav;

    MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);

    pWav = (drwav*)pEncoder->pInternalEncoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);

    drwav_uninit(pWav);
    ma__free_from_callbacks(pWav, &pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks);
}

static ma_uint64 ma_encoder__on_write_pcm_frames_wav(ma_encoder* pEncoder, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    drwav* pWav;

    MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);

    pWav = (drwav*)pEncoder->pInternalEncoder;
    MA_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);

    return drwav_write_pcm_frames(pWav, frameCount, pFramesIn);
}
#endif

MA_API ma_encoder_config ma_encoder_config_init(ma_resource_format resourceFormat, ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate)
{
    ma_encoder_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.resourceFormat = resourceFormat;
    config.format = format;
    config.channels = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;

    return config;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_preinit(const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    ma_result result;

    if (pEncoder == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pEncoder);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    if (pConfig->format == ma_format_unknown || pConfig->channels == 0 || pConfig->sampleRate == 0) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pEncoder->config = *pConfig;

    result = ma_allocation_callbacks_init_copy(&pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks, &pConfig->allocationCallbacks);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init__internal(ma_encoder_write_proc onWrite, ma_encoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    ma_result result = MA_SUCCESS;

    /* This assumes ma_encoder_preinit() has been called prior. */
    MA_ASSERT(pEncoder != NULL);

    if (onWrite == NULL || onSeek == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pEncoder->onWrite   = onWrite;
    pEncoder->onSeek    = onSeek;
    pEncoder->pUserData = pUserData;

    switch (pEncoder->config.resourceFormat)
    {
        case ma_resource_format_wav:
        {
        #if defined(MA_HAS_WAV)
            pEncoder->onInit           = ma_encoder__on_init_wav;
            pEncoder->onUninit         = ma_encoder__on_uninit_wav;
            pEncoder->onWritePCMFrames = ma_encoder__on_write_pcm_frames_wav;
        #else
            result = MA_NO_BACKEND;
        #endif
        } break;

        default:
        {
            result = MA_INVALID_ARGS;
        } break;
    }

    /* Getting here means we should have our backend callbacks set up. */
    if (result == MA_SUCCESS) {
        result = pEncoder->onInit(pEncoder);
        if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
            return result;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API size_t ma_encoder__on_write_stdio(ma_encoder* pEncoder, const void* pBufferIn, size_t bytesToWrite)
{
    return fwrite(pBufferIn, 1, bytesToWrite, (FILE*)pEncoder->pFile);
}

MA_API ma_bool32 ma_encoder__on_seek_stdio(ma_encoder* pEncoder, int byteOffset, ma_seek_origin origin)
{
    return fseek((FILE*)pEncoder->pFile, byteOffset, (origin == ma_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init_file(const char* pFilePath, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    ma_result result;
    FILE* pFile;

    result = ma_encoder_preinit(pConfig, pEncoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* Now open the file. If this fails we don't need to uninitialize the encoder. */
    result = ma_fopen(&pFile, pFilePath, "wb");
    if (pFile == NULL) {
        return result;
    }

    pEncoder->pFile = pFile;

    return ma_encoder_init__internal(ma_encoder__on_write_stdio, ma_encoder__on_seek_stdio, NULL, pEncoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init_file_w(const wchar_t* pFilePath, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    ma_result result;
    FILE* pFile;

    result = ma_encoder_preinit(pConfig, pEncoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    /* Now open the file. If this fails we don't need to uninitialize the encoder. */
    result = ma_wfopen(&pFile, pFilePath, L"wb", &pEncoder->config.allocationCallbacks);
    if (pFile != NULL) {
        return result;
    }

    pEncoder->pFile = pFile;

    return ma_encoder_init__internal(ma_encoder__on_write_stdio, ma_encoder__on_seek_stdio, NULL, pEncoder);
}

MA_API ma_result ma_encoder_init(ma_encoder_write_proc onWrite, ma_encoder_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const ma_encoder_config* pConfig, ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    ma_result result;

    result = ma_encoder_preinit(pConfig, pEncoder);
    if (result != MA_SUCCESS) {
        return result;
    }

    return ma_encoder_init__internal(onWrite, onSeek, pUserData, pEncoder);
}


MA_API void ma_encoder_uninit(ma_encoder* pEncoder)
{
    if (pEncoder == NULL) {
        return;
    }

    if (pEncoder->onUninit) {
        pEncoder->onUninit(pEncoder);
    }

    /* If we have a file handle, close it. */
    if (pEncoder->onWrite == ma_encoder__on_write_stdio) {
        fclose((FILE*)pEncoder->pFile);
    }
}


MA_API ma_uint64 ma_encoder_write_pcm_frames(ma_encoder* pEncoder, const void* pFramesIn, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pEncoder == NULL || pFramesIn == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    return pEncoder->onWritePCMFrames(pEncoder, pFramesIn, frameCount);
}
#endif  /* MA_NO_ENCODING */



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Generation

**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#ifndef MA_NO_GENERATION
MA_API ma_waveform_config ma_waveform_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_uint32 sampleRate, ma_waveform_type type, double amplitude, double frequency)
{
    ma_waveform_config config;

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);
    config.format     = format;
    config.channels   = channels;
    config.sampleRate = sampleRate;
    config.type       = type;
    config.amplitude  = amplitude;
    config.frequency  = frequency;

    return config;
}

static ma_result ma_waveform__data_source_on_read(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_uint64 framesRead = ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames((ma_waveform*)pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount);

    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = framesRead;
    }

    if (framesRead < frameCount) {
        return MA_AT_END;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_waveform__data_source_on_seek(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    return ma_waveform_seek_to_pcm_frame((ma_waveform*)pDataSource, frameIndex);
}

static ma_result ma_waveform__data_source_on_get_data_format(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels)
{
    ma_waveform* pWaveform = (ma_waveform*)pDataSource;

    *pFormat   = pWaveform->config.format;
    *pChannels = pWaveform->config.channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_init(const ma_waveform_config* pConfig, ma_waveform* pWaveform)
{
    if (pWaveform == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pWaveform);
    pWaveform->ds.onRead          = ma_waveform__data_source_on_read;
    pWaveform->ds.onSeek          = ma_waveform__data_source_on_seek;
    pWaveform->ds.onGetDataFormat = ma_waveform__data_source_on_get_data_format;
    pWaveform->config  = *pConfig;
    pWaveform->advance = 1.0 / pWaveform->config.sampleRate;
    pWaveform->time    = 0;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_amplitude(ma_waveform* pWaveform, double amplitude)
{
    if (pWaveform == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pWaveform->config.amplitude = amplitude;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_frequency(ma_waveform* pWaveform, double frequency)
{
    if (pWaveform == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pWaveform->config.frequency = frequency;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_set_sample_rate(ma_waveform* pWaveform, ma_uint32 sampleRate)
{
    if (pWaveform == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pWaveform->advance = 1.0 / sampleRate;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static float ma_waveform_sine_f32(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    return (float)(ma_sin(MA_TAU_D * time * frequency) * amplitude);
}

static ma_int16 ma_waveform_sine_s16(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_waveform_sine_f32(time, frequency, amplitude));
}

static float ma_waveform_square_f32(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    double t = time * frequency;
    double f = t - (ma_int64)t;
    double r;
    
    if (f < 0.5) {
        r =  amplitude;
    } else {
        r = -amplitude;
    }

    return (float)r;
}

static ma_int16 ma_waveform_square_s16(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_waveform_square_f32(time, frequency, amplitude));
}

static float ma_waveform_triangle_f32(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    double t = time * frequency;
    double f = t - (ma_int64)t;
    double r;

    r = 2 * ma_abs(2 * (f - 0.5)) - 1;

    return (float)(r * amplitude);
}

static ma_int16 ma_waveform_triangle_s16(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_waveform_triangle_f32(time, frequency, amplitude));
}

static float ma_waveform_sawtooth_f32(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    double t = time * frequency;
    double f = t - (ma_int64)t;
    double r;

    r = 2 * (f - 0.5);

    return (float)(r * amplitude);
}

static ma_int16 ma_waveform_sawtooth_s16(double time, double frequency, double amplitude)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_waveform_sawtooth_f32(time, frequency, amplitude));
}

static void ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__sine(ma_waveform* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint64 iChannel;
    ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pWaveform->config.format);
    ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pWaveform->config.channels;

    MA_ASSERT(pWaveform  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_sine_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            ma_int16 s = ma_waveform_sine_s16(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_sine_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pWaveform->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__square(ma_waveform* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint64 iChannel;
    ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pWaveform->config.format);
    ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pWaveform->config.channels;

    MA_ASSERT(pWaveform  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_square_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            ma_int16 s = ma_waveform_square_s16(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_square_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pWaveform->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__triangle(ma_waveform* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint64 iChannel;
    ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pWaveform->config.format);
    ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pWaveform->config.channels;

    MA_ASSERT(pWaveform  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_triangle_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            ma_int16 s = ma_waveform_triangle_s16(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_triangle_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pWaveform->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
            }
        }
    }
}

static void ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__sawtooth(ma_waveform* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint64 iChannel;
    ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pWaveform->config.format);
    ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pWaveform->config.channels;

    MA_ASSERT(pWaveform  != NULL);
    MA_ASSERT(pFramesOut != NULL);

    if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_sawtooth_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else if (pWaveform->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            ma_int16 s = ma_waveform_sawtooth_s16(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pWaveform->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
            }
        }
    } else {
        for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
            float s = ma_waveform_sawtooth_f32(pWaveform->time, pWaveform->config.frequency, pWaveform->config.amplitude);
            pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance;

            for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWaveform->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pWaveform->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
            }
        }
    }
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames(ma_waveform* pWaveform, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pWaveform == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    if (pFramesOut != NULL) {
        switch (pWaveform->config.type)
        {
            case ma_waveform_type_sine:
            {
                ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__sine(pWaveform, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            } break;

            case ma_waveform_type_square:
            {
                ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__square(pWaveform, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            } break;

            case ma_waveform_type_triangle:
            {
                ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__triangle(pWaveform, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            } break;

            case ma_waveform_type_sawtooth:
            {
                ma_waveform_read_pcm_frames__sawtooth(pWaveform, pFramesOut, frameCount);
            } break;

            default: return 0;
        }
    } else {
        pWaveform->time += pWaveform->advance * (ma_int64)frameCount; /* Cast to int64 required for VC6. Won't affect anything in practice. */
    }

    return frameCount;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_waveform_seek_to_pcm_frame(ma_waveform* pWaveform, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    if (pWaveform == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pWaveform->time = pWaveform->advance * (ma_int64)frameIndex;    /* Casting for VC6. Won't be an issue in practice. */

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}


MA_API ma_noise_config ma_noise_config_init(ma_format format, ma_uint32 channels, ma_noise_type type, ma_int32 seed, double amplitude)
{
    ma_noise_config config;
    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(&config);

    config.format    = format;
    config.channels  = channels;
    config.type      = type;
    config.seed      = seed;
    config.amplitude = amplitude;

    if (config.seed == 0) {
        config.seed = MA_DEFAULT_LCG_SEED;
    }

    return config;
}


static ma_result ma_noise__data_source_on_read(ma_data_source* pDataSource, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount, ma_uint64* pFramesRead)
{
    ma_uint64 framesRead = ma_noise_read_pcm_frames((ma_noise*)pDataSource, pFramesOut, frameCount);
    
    if (pFramesRead != NULL) {
        *pFramesRead = framesRead;
    }

    if (framesRead < frameCount) {
        return MA_AT_END;
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_noise__data_source_on_seek(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    /* No-op. Just pretend to be successful. */
    (void)pDataSource;
    (void)frameIndex;
    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static ma_result ma_noise__data_source_on_get_data_format(ma_data_source* pDataSource, ma_format* pFormat, ma_uint32* pChannels)
{
    ma_noise* pNoise = (ma_noise*)pDataSource;

    *pFormat   = pNoise->config.format;
    *pChannels = pNoise->config.channels;

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

MA_API ma_result ma_noise_init(const ma_noise_config* pConfig, ma_noise* pNoise)
{
    if (pNoise == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    MA_ZERO_OBJECT(pNoise);

    if (pConfig == NULL) {
        return MA_INVALID_ARGS;
    }

    pNoise->ds.onRead          = ma_noise__data_source_on_read;
    pNoise->ds.onSeek          = ma_noise__data_source_on_seek;  /* <-- No-op for noise. */
    pNoise->ds.onGetDataFormat = ma_noise__data_source_on_get_data_format;
    pNoise->config = *pConfig;
    ma_lcg_seed(&pNoise->lcg, pConfig->seed);

    if (pNoise->config.type == ma_noise_type_pink) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConfig->channels; iChannel += 1) {
            pNoise->state.pink.accumulation[iChannel] = 0;
            pNoise->state.pink.counter[iChannel]      = 1;
        }
    }

    if (pNoise->config.type == ma_noise_type_brownian) {
        ma_uint32 iChannel;
        for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pConfig->channels; iChannel += 1) {
            pNoise->state.brownian.accumulation[iChannel] = 0;
        }
    }

    return MA_SUCCESS;
}

static MA_INLINE float ma_noise_f32_white(ma_noise* pNoise)
{
    return (float)(ma_lcg_rand_f64(&pNoise->lcg) * pNoise->config.amplitude);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_noise_s16_white(ma_noise* pNoise)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_noise_f32_white(pNoise));
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_noise_read_pcm_frames__white(ma_noise* pNoise, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    if (pNoise->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                float s = ma_noise_f32_white(pNoise);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = ma_noise_f32_white(pNoise);
                }
            }
        }
    } else if (pNoise->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                ma_int16 s = ma_noise_s16_white(pNoise);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = ma_noise_s16_white(pNoise);
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pNoise->config.format);
        ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pNoise->config.channels;
        
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                float s = ma_noise_f32_white(pNoise);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pNoise->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    float s = ma_noise_f32_white(pNoise);
                    ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pNoise->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return frameCount;
}


static MA_INLINE unsigned int ma_tzcnt32(unsigned int x)
{
    unsigned int n;

    /* Special case for odd numbers since they should happen about half the time. */
    if (x & 0x1)  {
        return 0;
    }

    if (x == 0) {
        return sizeof(x) << 3;
    }

    n = 1;
    if ((x & 0x0000FFFF) == 0) { x >>= 16; n += 16; }
    if ((x & 0x000000FF) == 0) { x >>=  8; n +=  8; }
    if ((x & 0x0000000F) == 0) { x >>=  4; n +=  4; }
    if ((x & 0x00000003) == 0) { x >>=  2; n +=  2; }
    n -= x & 0x00000001;

    return n;
}

/*
Pink noise generation based on Tonic (public domain) with modifications. https://github.com/TonicAudio/Tonic/blob/master/src/Tonic/Noise.h

This is basically _the_ reference for pink noise from what I've found: http://www.firstpr.com.au/dsp/pink-noise/
*/
static MA_INLINE float ma_noise_f32_pink(ma_noise* pNoise, ma_uint32 iChannel)
{
    double result;
    double binPrev;
    double binNext;
    unsigned int ibin;

    ibin = ma_tzcnt32(pNoise->state.pink.counter[iChannel]) & (ma_countof(pNoise->state.pink.bin[0]) - 1);

    binPrev = pNoise->state.pink.bin[iChannel][ibin];
    binNext = ma_lcg_rand_f64(&pNoise->lcg);
    pNoise->state.pink.bin[iChannel][ibin] = binNext;

    pNoise->state.pink.accumulation[iChannel] += (binNext - binPrev);
    pNoise->state.pink.counter[iChannel]      += 1;

    result = (ma_lcg_rand_f64(&pNoise->lcg) + pNoise->state.pink.accumulation[iChannel]);
    result /= 10;

    return (float)(result * pNoise->config.amplitude);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_noise_s16_pink(ma_noise* pNoise, ma_uint32 iChannel)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_noise_f32_pink(pNoise, iChannel));
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_noise_read_pcm_frames__pink(ma_noise* pNoise, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    if (pNoise->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                float s = ma_noise_f32_pink(pNoise, 0);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = ma_noise_f32_pink(pNoise, iChannel);
                }
            }
        }
    } else if (pNoise->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                ma_int16 s = ma_noise_s16_pink(pNoise, 0);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = ma_noise_s16_pink(pNoise, iChannel);
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pNoise->config.format);
        ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pNoise->config.channels;
        
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                float s = ma_noise_f32_pink(pNoise, 0);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pNoise->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    float s = ma_noise_f32_pink(pNoise, iChannel);
                    ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pNoise->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return frameCount;
}


static MA_INLINE float ma_noise_f32_brownian(ma_noise* pNoise, ma_uint32 iChannel)
{
    double result;
    
    result = (ma_lcg_rand_f64(&pNoise->lcg) + pNoise->state.brownian.accumulation[iChannel]);
    result /= 1.005; /* Don't escape the -1..1 range on average. */

    pNoise->state.brownian.accumulation[iChannel] = result;
    result /= 20;

    return (float)(result * pNoise->config.amplitude);
}

static MA_INLINE ma_int16 ma_noise_s16_brownian(ma_noise* pNoise, ma_uint32 iChannel)
{
    return ma_pcm_sample_f32_to_s16(ma_noise_f32_brownian(pNoise, iChannel));
}

static MA_INLINE ma_uint64 ma_noise_read_pcm_frames__brownian(ma_noise* pNoise, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    ma_uint64 iFrame;
    ma_uint32 iChannel;

    if (pNoise->config.format == ma_format_f32) {
        float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)pFramesOut;
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                float s = ma_noise_f32_brownian(pNoise, 0);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutF32[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = ma_noise_f32_brownian(pNoise, iChannel);
                }
            }
        }
    } else if (pNoise->config.format == ma_format_s16) {
        ma_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (ma_int16*)pFramesOut;
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                ma_int16 s = ma_noise_s16_brownian(pNoise, 0);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = s;
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    pFramesOutS16[iFrame*pNoise->config.channels + iChannel] = ma_noise_s16_brownian(pNoise, iChannel);
                }
            }
        }
    } else {
        ma_uint32 bps = ma_get_bytes_per_sample(pNoise->config.format);
        ma_uint32 bpf = bps * pNoise->config.channels;
        
        if (pNoise->config.duplicateChannels) {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                float s = ma_noise_f32_brownian(pNoise, 0);
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pNoise->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
                }
            }
        } else {
            for (iFrame = 0; iFrame < frameCount; iFrame += 1) {
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pNoise->config.channels; iChannel += 1) {
                    float s = ma_noise_f32_brownian(pNoise, iChannel);
                    ma_pcm_convert(ma_offset_ptr(pFramesOut, iFrame*bpf + iChannel*bps), pNoise->config.format, &s, ma_format_f32, 1, ma_dither_mode_none);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    return frameCount;
}

MA_API ma_uint64 ma_noise_read_pcm_frames(ma_noise* pNoise, void* pFramesOut, ma_uint64 frameCount)
{
    if (pNoise == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }

    /* The output buffer is allowed to be NULL. Since we aren't tracking cursors or anything we can just do nothing and pretend to be successful. */
    if (pFramesOut == NULL) {
        return frameCount;
    }

    if (pNoise->config.type == ma_noise_type_white) {
        return ma_noise_read_pcm_frames__white(pNoise, pFramesOut, frameCount);
    }

    if (pNoise->config.type == ma_noise_type_pink) {
        return ma_noise_read_pcm_frames__pink(pNoise, pFramesOut, frameCount);
    }

    if (pNoise->config.type == ma_noise_type_brownian) {
        return ma_noise_read_pcm_frames__brownian(pNoise, pFramesOut, frameCount);
    }

    /* Should never get here. */
    MA_ASSERT(MA_FALSE);
    return 0;
}
#endif /* MA_NO_GENERATION */



/**************************************************************************************************************************************************************
***************************************************************************************************************************************************************

Auto Generated
==============
All code below is auto-generated from a tool. This mostly consists of decoding backend implementations such as dr_wav, dr_flac, etc. If you find a bug in the
code below please report the bug to the respective repository for the relevant project (probably dr_libs).

***************************************************************************************************************************************************************
**************************************************************************************************************************************************************/
#if !defined(MA_NO_WAV) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING) && !defined(MA_NO_ENCODING)
#if !defined(DR_WAV_IMPLEMENTATION) && !defined(DRWAV_IMPLEMENTATION) /* For backwards compatibility. Will be removed in version 0.11 for cleanliness. */
/* dr_wav_c begin */
#ifndef dr_wav_c
#define dr_wav_c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_ASSERT
#include <assert.h>
#define DRWAV_ASSERT(expression)           assert(expression)
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_MALLOC
#define DRWAV_MALLOC(sz)                   malloc((sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_REALLOC
#define DRWAV_REALLOC(p, sz)               realloc((p), (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_FREE
#define DRWAV_FREE(p)                      free((p))
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_COPY_MEMORY
#define DRWAV_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, sz)    memcpy((dst), (src), (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY
#define DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(p, sz)           memset((p), 0, (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_ZERO_OBJECT
#define DRWAV_ZERO_OBJECT(p)               DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY((p), sizeof(*p))
#endif
#define drwav_countof(x)                   (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
#define drwav_align(x, a)                  ((((x) + (a) - 1) / (a)) * (a))
#define drwav_min(a, b)                    (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#define drwav_max(a, b)                    (((a) > (b)) ? (a) : (b))
#define drwav_clamp(x, lo, hi)             (drwav_max((lo), drwav_min((hi), (x))))
#define DRWAV_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE         64
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
    #define DRWAV_X64
#elif defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
    #define DRWAV_X86
#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)
    #define DRWAV_ARM
#endif
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define DRWAV_INLINE __forceinline
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define DRWAV_INLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
    #else
        #define DRWAV_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
    #endif
#else
    #define DRWAV_INLINE
#endif
#if defined(SIZE_MAX)
    #define DRWAV_SIZE_MAX  SIZE_MAX
#else
    #if defined(_WIN64) || defined(_LP64) || defined(__LP64__)
        #define DRWAV_SIZE_MAX  ((drwav_uint64)0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
    #else
        #define DRWAV_SIZE_MAX  0xFFFFFFFF
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
    #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
#elif defined(__clang__)
    #if defined(__has_builtin)
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap16)
            #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
        #endif
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap32)
            #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
        #endif
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
            #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
        #endif
    #endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
        #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
        #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
    #endif
    #if ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))
        #define DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #endif
#endif
DRWAV_API void drwav_version(drwav_uint32* pMajor, drwav_uint32* pMinor, drwav_uint32* pRevision)
{
    if (pMajor) {
        *pMajor = DRWAV_VERSION_MAJOR;
    }
    if (pMinor) {
        *pMinor = DRWAV_VERSION_MINOR;
    }
    if (pRevision) {
        *pRevision = DRWAV_VERSION_REVISION;
    }
}
DRWAV_API const char* drwav_version_string()
{
    return DRWAV_VERSION_STRING;
}
#ifndef DRWAV_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE
#define DRWAV_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE       384000
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_MAX_CHANNELS
#define DRWAV_MAX_CHANNELS          256
#endif
#ifndef DRWAV_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE
#define DRWAV_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE   64
#endif
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_RIFF[16] = {0x72,0x69,0x66,0x66, 0x2E,0x91, 0xCF,0x11, 0xA5,0xD6, 0x28,0xDB,0x04,0xC1,0x00,0x00};
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_WAVE[16] = {0x77,0x61,0x76,0x65, 0xF3,0xAC, 0xD3,0x11, 0x8C,0xD1, 0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0x8E,0xDB,0x8A};
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_JUNK[16] = {0x6A,0x75,0x6E,0x6B, 0xF3,0xAC, 0xD3,0x11, 0x8C,0xD1, 0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0x8E,0xDB,0x8A};
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_FMT [16] = {0x66,0x6D,0x74,0x20, 0xF3,0xAC, 0xD3,0x11, 0x8C,0xD1, 0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0x8E,0xDB,0x8A};
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_FACT[16] = {0x66,0x61,0x63,0x74, 0xF3,0xAC, 0xD3,0x11, 0x8C,0xD1, 0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0x8E,0xDB,0x8A};
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_DATA[16] = {0x64,0x61,0x74,0x61, 0xF3,0xAC, 0xD3,0x11, 0x8C,0xD1, 0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0x8E,0xDB,0x8A};
static const drwav_uint8 drwavGUID_W64_SMPL[16] = {0x73,0x6D,0x70,0x6C, 0xF3,0xAC, 0xD3,0x11, 0x8C,0xD1, 0x00,0xC0,0x4F,0x8E,0xDB,0x8A};
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_bool32 drwav__guid_equal(const drwav_uint8 a[16], const drwav_uint8 b[16])
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 16; i += 1) {
        if (a[i] != b[i]) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_bool32 drwav__fourcc_equal(const drwav_uint8* a, const char* b)
{
    return
        a[0] == b[0] &&
        a[1] == b[1] &&
        a[2] == b[2] &&
        a[3] == b[3];
}
static DRWAV_INLINE int drwav__is_little_endian(void)
{
#if defined(DRWAV_X86) || defined(DRWAV_X64)
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
#elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN) && __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
#else
    int n = 1;
    return (*(char*)&n) == 1;
#endif
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_uint16 drwav__bytes_to_u16(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return (data[0] << 0) | (data[1] << 8);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int16 drwav__bytes_to_s16(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return (short)drwav__bytes_to_u16(data);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_uint32 drwav__bytes_to_u32(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return (data[0] << 0) | (data[1] << 8) | (data[2] << 16) | (data[3] << 24);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int32 drwav__bytes_to_s32(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_u32(data);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_uint64 drwav__bytes_to_u64(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return
        ((drwav_uint64)data[0] <<  0) | ((drwav_uint64)data[1] <<  8) | ((drwav_uint64)data[2] << 16) | ((drwav_uint64)data[3] << 24) |
        ((drwav_uint64)data[4] << 32) | ((drwav_uint64)data[5] << 40) | ((drwav_uint64)data[6] << 48) | ((drwav_uint64)data[7] << 56);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int64 drwav__bytes_to_s64(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return (drwav_int64)drwav__bytes_to_u64(data);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bytes_to_guid(const drwav_uint8* data, drwav_uint8* guid)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 16; ++i) {
        guid[i] = data[i];
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_uint16 drwav__bswap16(drwav_uint16 n)
{
#ifdef DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_ushort(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        return __builtin_bswap16(n);
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF00) >> 8) |
           ((n & 0x00FF) << 8);
#endif
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_uint32 drwav__bswap32(drwav_uint32 n)
{
#ifdef DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_ulong(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        #if defined(DRWAV_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 6) && !defined(DRWAV_64BIT)
            drwav_uint32 r;
            __asm__ __volatile__ (
            #if defined(DRWAV_64BIT)
                "rev %w[out], %w[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(n)
            #else
                "rev %[out], %[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(n)
            #endif
            );
            return r;
        #else
            return __builtin_bswap32(n);
        #endif
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF000000) >> 24) |
           ((n & 0x00FF0000) >>  8) |
           ((n & 0x0000FF00) <<  8) |
           ((n & 0x000000FF) << 24);
#endif
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_uint64 drwav__bswap64(drwav_uint64 n)
{
#ifdef DRWAV_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_uint64(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        return __builtin_bswap64(n);
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & (drwav_uint64)0xFF00000000000000) >> 56) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x00FF000000000000) >> 40) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x0000FF0000000000) >> 24) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x000000FF00000000) >>  8) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x00000000FF000000) <<  8) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x0000000000FF0000) << 24) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x000000000000FF00) << 40) |
           ((n & (drwav_uint64)0x00000000000000FF) << 56);
#endif
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int16 drwav__bswap_s16(drwav_int16 n)
{
    return (drwav_int16)drwav__bswap16((drwav_uint16)n);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_s16(drwav_int16* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 iSample;
    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamples[iSample] = drwav__bswap_s16(pSamples[iSample]);
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_s24(drwav_uint8* p)
{
    drwav_uint8 t;
    t = p[0];
    p[0] = p[2];
    p[2] = t;
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_s24(drwav_uint8* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 iSample;
    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        drwav_uint8* pSample = pSamples + (iSample*3);
        drwav__bswap_s24(pSample);
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int32 drwav__bswap_s32(drwav_int32 n)
{
    return (drwav_int32)drwav__bswap32((drwav_uint32)n);
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_s32(drwav_int32* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 iSample;
    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamples[iSample] = drwav__bswap_s32(pSamples[iSample]);
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE float drwav__bswap_f32(float n)
{
    union {
        drwav_uint32 i;
        float f;
    } x;
    x.f = n;
    x.i = drwav__bswap32(x.i);
    return x.f;
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_f32(float* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 iSample;
    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamples[iSample] = drwav__bswap_f32(pSamples[iSample]);
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE double drwav__bswap_f64(double n)
{
    union {
        drwav_uint64 i;
        double f;
    } x;
    x.f = n;
    x.i = drwav__bswap64(x.i);
    return x.f;
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_f64(double* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 iSample;
    for (iSample = 0; iSample < sampleCount; iSample += 1) {
        pSamples[iSample] = drwav__bswap_f64(pSamples[iSample]);
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_pcm(void* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount, drwav_uint32 bytesPerSample)
{
    switch (bytesPerSample)
    {
        case 2:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_s16((drwav_int16*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
        case 3:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_s24((drwav_uint8*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
        case 4:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_s32((drwav_int32*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
        default:
        {
            DRWAV_ASSERT(DRWAV_FALSE);
        } break;
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples_ieee(void* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount, drwav_uint32 bytesPerSample)
{
    switch (bytesPerSample)
    {
    #if 0
        case 2:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_f16((drwav_float16*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
    #endif
        case 4:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_f32((float*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
        case 8:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_f64((double*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
        default:
        {
            DRWAV_ASSERT(DRWAV_FALSE);
        } break;
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE void drwav__bswap_samples(void* pSamples, drwav_uint64 sampleCount, drwav_uint32 bytesPerSample, drwav_uint16 format)
{
    switch (format)
    {
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_pcm(pSamples, sampleCount, bytesPerSample);
        } break;
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_ieee(pSamples, sampleCount, bytesPerSample);
        } break;
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW:
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW:
        {
            drwav__bswap_samples_s16((drwav_int16*)pSamples, sampleCount);
        } break;
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM:
        case DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM:
        default:
        {
            DRWAV_ASSERT(DRWAV_FALSE);
        } break;
    }
}
static void* drwav__malloc_default(size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return DRWAV_MALLOC(sz);
}
static void* drwav__realloc_default(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return DRWAV_REALLOC(p, sz);
}
static void drwav__free_default(void* p, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    DRWAV_FREE(p);
}
static void* drwav__malloc_from_callbacks(size_t sz, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(NULL, sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    return NULL;
}
static void* drwav__realloc_from_callbacks(void* p, size_t szNew, size_t szOld, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(p, szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL && pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        void* p2;
        p2 = pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        if (p2 == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (p != NULL) {
            DRWAV_COPY_MEMORY(p2, p, szOld);
            pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        }
        return p2;
    }
    return NULL;
}
static void drwav__free_from_callbacks(void* p, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (p == NULL || pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
}
static drwav_allocation_callbacks drwav_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        return *pAllocationCallbacks;
    } else {
        drwav_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
        allocationCallbacks.pUserData = NULL;
        allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = drwav__malloc_default;
        allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = drwav__realloc_default;
        allocationCallbacks.onFree    = drwav__free_default;
        return allocationCallbacks;
    }
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_bool32 drwav__is_compressed_format_tag(drwav_uint16 formatTag)
{
    return
        formatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM ||
        formatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM;
}
static unsigned int drwav__chunk_padding_size_riff(drwav_uint64 chunkSize)
{
    return (unsigned int)(chunkSize % 2);
}
static unsigned int drwav__chunk_padding_size_w64(drwav_uint64 chunkSize)
{
    return (unsigned int)(chunkSize % 8);
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 samplesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut);
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 samplesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut);
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write__internal(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount);
static drwav_result drwav__read_chunk_header(drwav_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drwav_container container, drwav_uint64* pRunningBytesReadOut, drwav_chunk_header* pHeaderOut)
{
    if (container == drwav_container_riff) {
        drwav_uint8 sizeInBytes[4];
        if (onRead(pUserData, pHeaderOut->id.fourcc, 4) != 4) {
            return DRWAV_AT_END;
        }
        if (onRead(pUserData, sizeInBytes, 4) != 4) {
            return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
        }
        pHeaderOut->sizeInBytes = drwav__bytes_to_u32(sizeInBytes);
        pHeaderOut->paddingSize = drwav__chunk_padding_size_riff(pHeaderOut->sizeInBytes);
        *pRunningBytesReadOut += 8;
    } else {
        drwav_uint8 sizeInBytes[8];
        if (onRead(pUserData, pHeaderOut->id.guid, 16) != 16) {
            return DRWAV_AT_END;
        }
        if (onRead(pUserData, sizeInBytes, 8) != 8) {
            return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
        }
        pHeaderOut->sizeInBytes = drwav__bytes_to_u64(sizeInBytes) - 24;
        pHeaderOut->paddingSize = drwav__chunk_padding_size_w64(pHeaderOut->sizeInBytes);
        *pRunningBytesReadOut += 24;
    }
    return DRWAV_SUCCESS;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav__seek_forward(drwav_seek_proc onSeek, drwav_uint64 offset, void* pUserData)
{
    drwav_uint64 bytesRemainingToSeek = offset;
    while (bytesRemainingToSeek > 0) {
        if (bytesRemainingToSeek > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
            bytesRemainingToSeek -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        } else {
            if (!onSeek(pUserData, (int)bytesRemainingToSeek, drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
            bytesRemainingToSeek = 0;
        }
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav__seek_from_start(drwav_seek_proc onSeek, drwav_uint64 offset, void* pUserData)
{
    if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
        return onSeek(pUserData, (int)offset, drwav_seek_origin_start);
    }
    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drwav_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
    for (;;) {
        if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            return onSeek(pUserData, (int)offset, drwav_seek_origin_current);
        }
        if (!onSeek(pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
    }
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav__read_fmt(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, drwav_container container, drwav_uint64* pRunningBytesReadOut, drwav_fmt* fmtOut)
{
    drwav_chunk_header header;
    drwav_uint8 fmt[16];
    if (drwav__read_chunk_header(onRead, pUserData, container, pRunningBytesReadOut, &header) != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    while ((container == drwav_container_riff && !drwav__fourcc_equal(header.id.fourcc, "fmt ")) || (container == drwav_container_w64 && !drwav__guid_equal(header.id.guid, drwavGUID_W64_FMT))) {
        if (!drwav__seek_forward(onSeek, header.sizeInBytes + header.paddingSize, pUserData)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        *pRunningBytesReadOut += header.sizeInBytes + header.paddingSize;
        if (drwav__read_chunk_header(onRead, pUserData, container, pRunningBytesReadOut, &header) != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (container == drwav_container_riff) {
        if (!drwav__fourcc_equal(header.id.fourcc, "fmt ")) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    } else {
        if (!drwav__guid_equal(header.id.guid, drwavGUID_W64_FMT)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, fmt, sizeof(fmt)) != sizeof(fmt)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    *pRunningBytesReadOut += sizeof(fmt);
    fmtOut->formatTag      = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmt + 0);
    fmtOut->channels       = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmt + 2);
    fmtOut->sampleRate     = drwav__bytes_to_u32(fmt + 4);
    fmtOut->avgBytesPerSec = drwav__bytes_to_u32(fmt + 8);
    fmtOut->blockAlign     = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmt + 12);
    fmtOut->bitsPerSample  = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmt + 14);
    fmtOut->extendedSize       = 0;
    fmtOut->validBitsPerSample = 0;
    fmtOut->channelMask        = 0;
    memset(fmtOut->subFormat, 0, sizeof(fmtOut->subFormat));
    if (header.sizeInBytes > 16) {
        drwav_uint8 fmt_cbSize[2];
        int bytesReadSoFar = 0;
        if (onRead(pUserData, fmt_cbSize, sizeof(fmt_cbSize)) != sizeof(fmt_cbSize)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        *pRunningBytesReadOut += sizeof(fmt_cbSize);
        bytesReadSoFar = 18;
        fmtOut->extendedSize = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmt_cbSize);
        if (fmtOut->extendedSize > 0) {
            if (fmtOut->formatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
                if (fmtOut->extendedSize != 22) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
            }
            if (fmtOut->formatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
                drwav_uint8 fmtext[22];
                if (onRead(pUserData, fmtext, fmtOut->extendedSize) != fmtOut->extendedSize) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
                fmtOut->validBitsPerSample = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmtext + 0);
                fmtOut->channelMask        = drwav__bytes_to_u32(fmtext + 2);
                drwav__bytes_to_guid(fmtext + 6, fmtOut->subFormat);
            } else {
                if (!onSeek(pUserData, fmtOut->extendedSize, drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
            }
            *pRunningBytesReadOut += fmtOut->extendedSize;
            bytesReadSoFar += fmtOut->extendedSize;
        }
        if (!onSeek(pUserData, (int)(header.sizeInBytes - bytesReadSoFar), drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        *pRunningBytesReadOut += (header.sizeInBytes - bytesReadSoFar);
    }
    if (header.paddingSize > 0) {
        if (!onSeek(pUserData, header.paddingSize, drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        *pRunningBytesReadOut += header.paddingSize;
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static size_t drwav__on_read(drwav_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead, drwav_uint64* pCursor)
{
    size_t bytesRead;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(onRead != NULL);
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
    bytesRead = onRead(pUserData, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
    *pCursor += bytesRead;
    return bytesRead;
}
#if 0
static drwav_bool32 drwav__on_seek(drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin, drwav_uint64* pCursor)
{
    DRWAV_ASSERT(onSeek != NULL);
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pCursor != NULL);
    if (!onSeek(pUserData, offset, origin)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (origin == drwav_seek_origin_start) {
        *pCursor = offset;
    } else {
        *pCursor += offset;
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
#endif
static drwav_uint32 drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(drwav* pWav)
{
    if ((pWav->bitsPerSample & 0x7) == 0) {
        return (pWav->bitsPerSample * pWav->fmt.channels) >> 3;
    } else {
        return pWav->fmt.blockAlign;
    }
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint16 drwav_fmt_get_format(const drwav_fmt* pFMT)
{
    if (pFMT == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pFMT->formatTag != DR_WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
        return pFMT->formatTag;
    } else {
        return drwav__bytes_to_u16(pFMT->subFormat);
    }
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_preinit(drwav* pWav, drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pReadSeekUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pWav == NULL || onRead == NULL || onSeek == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pWav, sizeof(*pWav));
    pWav->onRead    = onRead;
    pWav->onSeek    = onSeek;
    pWav->pUserData = pReadSeekUserData;
    pWav->allocationCallbacks = drwav_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pWav->allocationCallbacks.onFree == NULL || (pWav->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc == NULL && pWav->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc == NULL)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init__internal(drwav* pWav, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags)
{
    drwav_uint64 cursor;
    drwav_bool32 sequential;
    drwav_uint8 riff[4];
    drwav_fmt fmt;
    unsigned short translatedFormatTag;
    drwav_uint64 sampleCountFromFactChunk;
    drwav_bool32 foundDataChunk;
    drwav_uint64 dataChunkSize;
    drwav_uint64 chunkSize;
    cursor = 0;
    sequential = (flags & DRWAV_SEQUENTIAL) != 0;
    if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, riff, sizeof(riff), &cursor) != sizeof(riff)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (drwav__fourcc_equal(riff, "RIFF")) {
        pWav->container = drwav_container_riff;
    } else if (drwav__fourcc_equal(riff, "riff")) {
        int i;
        drwav_uint8 riff2[12];
        pWav->container = drwav_container_w64;
        if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, riff2, sizeof(riff2), &cursor) != sizeof(riff2)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < 12; ++i) {
            if (riff2[i] != drwavGUID_W64_RIFF[i+4]) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
        }
    } else {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (pWav->container == drwav_container_riff) {
        drwav_uint8 chunkSizeBytes[4];
        drwav_uint8 wave[4];
        if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, chunkSizeBytes, sizeof(chunkSizeBytes), &cursor) != sizeof(chunkSizeBytes)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        if (drwav__bytes_to_u32(chunkSizeBytes) < 36) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, wave, sizeof(wave), &cursor) != sizeof(wave)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drwav__fourcc_equal(wave, "WAVE")) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    } else {
        drwav_uint8 chunkSizeBytes[8];
        drwav_uint8 wave[16];
        if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, chunkSizeBytes, sizeof(chunkSizeBytes), &cursor) != sizeof(chunkSizeBytes)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        if (drwav__bytes_to_u64(chunkSizeBytes) < 80) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, wave, sizeof(wave), &cursor) != sizeof(wave)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drwav__guid_equal(wave, drwavGUID_W64_WAVE)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (!drwav__read_fmt(pWav->onRead, pWav->onSeek, pWav->pUserData, pWav->container, &cursor, &fmt)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if ((fmt.sampleRate    == 0 || fmt.sampleRate    > DRWAV_MAX_SAMPLE_RATE)     ||
        (fmt.channels      == 0 || fmt.channels      > DRWAV_MAX_CHANNELS)        ||
        (fmt.bitsPerSample == 0 || fmt.bitsPerSample > DRWAV_MAX_BITS_PER_SAMPLE) ||
        fmt.blockAlign == 0) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    translatedFormatTag = fmt.formatTag;
    if (translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
        translatedFormatTag = drwav__bytes_to_u16(fmt.subFormat + 0);
    }
    sampleCountFromFactChunk = 0;
    foundDataChunk = DRWAV_FALSE;
    dataChunkSize = 0;
    for (;;)
    {
        drwav_chunk_header header;
        drwav_result result = drwav__read_chunk_header(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, pWav->container, &cursor, &header);
        if (result != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
            if (!foundDataChunk) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        if (!sequential && onChunk != NULL) {
            drwav_uint64 callbackBytesRead = onChunk(pChunkUserData, pWav->onRead, pWav->onSeek, pWav->pUserData, &header, pWav->container, &fmt);
            if (callbackBytesRead > 0) {
                if (!drwav__seek_from_start(pWav->onSeek, cursor, pWav->pUserData)) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
        if (!foundDataChunk) {
            pWav->dataChunkDataPos = cursor;
        }
        chunkSize = header.sizeInBytes;
        if (pWav->container == drwav_container_riff) {
            if (drwav__fourcc_equal(header.id.fourcc, "data")) {
                foundDataChunk = DRWAV_TRUE;
                dataChunkSize = chunkSize;
            }
        } else {
            if (drwav__guid_equal(header.id.guid, drwavGUID_W64_DATA)) {
                foundDataChunk = DRWAV_TRUE;
                dataChunkSize = chunkSize;
            }
        }
        if (foundDataChunk && sequential) {
            break;
        }
        if (pWav->container == drwav_container_riff) {
            if (drwav__fourcc_equal(header.id.fourcc, "fact")) {
                drwav_uint32 sampleCount;
                if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, &sampleCount, 4, &cursor) != 4) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
                chunkSize -= 4;
                if (!foundDataChunk) {
                    pWav->dataChunkDataPos = cursor;
                }
                if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
                    sampleCountFromFactChunk = sampleCount;
                } else {
                    sampleCountFromFactChunk = 0;
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (drwav__guid_equal(header.id.guid, drwavGUID_W64_FACT)) {
                if (drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, &sampleCountFromFactChunk, 8, &cursor) != 8) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
                chunkSize -= 8;
                if (!foundDataChunk) {
                    pWav->dataChunkDataPos = cursor;
                }
            }
        }
        if (pWav->container == drwav_container_riff) {
            if (drwav__fourcc_equal(header.id.fourcc, "smpl")) {
                drwav_uint8 smplHeaderData[36];
                if (chunkSize >= sizeof(smplHeaderData)) {
                    drwav_uint64 bytesJustRead = drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, smplHeaderData, sizeof(smplHeaderData), &cursor);
                    chunkSize -= bytesJustRead;
                    if (bytesJustRead == sizeof(smplHeaderData)) {
                        drwav_uint32 iLoop;
                        pWav->smpl.manufacturer      = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+0);
                        pWav->smpl.product           = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+4);
                        pWav->smpl.samplePeriod      = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+8);
                        pWav->smpl.midiUnityNotes    = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+12);
                        pWav->smpl.midiPitchFraction = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+16);
                        pWav->smpl.smpteFormat       = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+20);
                        pWav->smpl.smpteOffset       = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+24);
                        pWav->smpl.numSampleLoops    = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+28);
                        pWav->smpl.samplerData       = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplHeaderData+32);
                        for (iLoop = 0; iLoop < pWav->smpl.numSampleLoops && iLoop < drwav_countof(pWav->smpl.loops); ++iLoop) {
                            drwav_uint8 smplLoopData[24];
                            bytesJustRead = drwav__on_read(pWav->onRead, pWav->pUserData, smplLoopData, sizeof(smplLoopData), &cursor);
                            chunkSize -= bytesJustRead;
                            if (bytesJustRead == sizeof(smplLoopData)) {
                                pWav->smpl.loops[iLoop].cuePointId = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData+0);
                                pWav->smpl.loops[iLoop].type       = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData+4);
                                pWav->smpl.loops[iLoop].start      = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData+8);
                                pWav->smpl.loops[iLoop].end        = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData+12);
                                pWav->smpl.loops[iLoop].fraction   = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData+16);
                                pWav->smpl.loops[iLoop].playCount  = drwav__bytes_to_u32(smplLoopData+20);
                            } else {
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (drwav__guid_equal(header.id.guid, drwavGUID_W64_SMPL)) {
            }
        }
        chunkSize += header.paddingSize;
        if (!drwav__seek_forward(pWav->onSeek, chunkSize, pWav->pUserData)) {
            break;
        }
        cursor += chunkSize;
        if (!foundDataChunk) {
            pWav->dataChunkDataPos = cursor;
        }
    }
    if (!foundDataChunk) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (!sequential) {
        if (!drwav__seek_from_start(pWav->onSeek, pWav->dataChunkDataPos, pWav->pUserData)) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
        cursor = pWav->dataChunkDataPos;
    }
    pWav->fmt                 = fmt;
    pWav->sampleRate          = fmt.sampleRate;
    pWav->channels            = fmt.channels;
    pWav->bitsPerSample       = fmt.bitsPerSample;
    pWav->bytesRemaining      = dataChunkSize;
    pWav->translatedFormatTag = translatedFormatTag;
    pWav->dataChunkDataSize   = dataChunkSize;
    if (sampleCountFromFactChunk != 0) {
        pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = sampleCountFromFactChunk;
    } else {
        pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = dataChunkSize / drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
        if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
            drwav_uint64 totalBlockHeaderSizeInBytes;
            drwav_uint64 blockCount = dataChunkSize / fmt.blockAlign;
            if ((blockCount * fmt.blockAlign) < dataChunkSize) {
                blockCount += 1;
            }
            totalBlockHeaderSizeInBytes = blockCount * (6*fmt.channels);
            pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = ((dataChunkSize - totalBlockHeaderSizeInBytes) * 2) / fmt.channels;
        }
        if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
            drwav_uint64 totalBlockHeaderSizeInBytes;
            drwav_uint64 blockCount = dataChunkSize / fmt.blockAlign;
            if ((blockCount * fmt.blockAlign) < dataChunkSize) {
                blockCount += 1;
            }
            totalBlockHeaderSizeInBytes = blockCount * (4*fmt.channels);
            pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = ((dataChunkSize - totalBlockHeaderSizeInBytes) * 2) / fmt.channels;
            pWav->totalPCMFrameCount += blockCount;
        }
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM || pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
        if (pWav->channels > 2) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
#ifdef DR_WAV_LIBSNDFILE_COMPAT
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
        drwav_uint64 blockCount = dataChunkSize / fmt.blockAlign;
        pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = (((blockCount * (fmt.blockAlign - (6*pWav->channels))) * 2)) / fmt.channels;
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
        drwav_uint64 blockCount = dataChunkSize / fmt.blockAlign;
        pWav->totalPCMFrameCount = (((blockCount * (fmt.blockAlign - (4*pWav->channels))) * 2) + (blockCount * pWav->channels)) / fmt.channels;
    }
#endif
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init(drwav* pWav, drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_ex(pWav, onRead, onSeek, NULL, pUserData, NULL, 0, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_ex(drwav* pWav, drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pReadSeekUserData, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (!drwav_preinit(pWav, onRead, onSeek, pReadSeekUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init__internal(pWav, onChunk, pChunkUserData, flags);
}
static drwav_uint32 drwav__riff_chunk_size_riff(drwav_uint64 dataChunkSize)
{
    drwav_uint32 dataSubchunkPaddingSize = drwav__chunk_padding_size_riff(dataChunkSize);
    if (dataChunkSize <= (0xFFFFFFFFUL - 36 - dataSubchunkPaddingSize)) {
        return 36 + (drwav_uint32)(dataChunkSize + dataSubchunkPaddingSize);
    } else {
        return 0xFFFFFFFF;
    }
}
static drwav_uint32 drwav__data_chunk_size_riff(drwav_uint64 dataChunkSize)
{
    if (dataChunkSize <= 0xFFFFFFFFUL) {
        return (drwav_uint32)dataChunkSize;
    } else {
        return 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
    }
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav__riff_chunk_size_w64(drwav_uint64 dataChunkSize)
{
    drwav_uint64 dataSubchunkPaddingSize = drwav__chunk_padding_size_w64(dataChunkSize);
    return 80 + 24 + dataChunkSize + dataSubchunkPaddingSize;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav__data_chunk_size_w64(drwav_uint64 dataChunkSize)
{
    return 24 + dataChunkSize;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_preinit_write(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_bool32 isSequential, drwav_write_proc onWrite, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pWav == NULL || onWrite == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (!isSequential && onSeek == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (pFormat->format == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_EXTENSIBLE) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (pFormat->format == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM || pFormat->format == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pWav, sizeof(*pWav));
    pWav->onWrite   = onWrite;
    pWav->onSeek    = onSeek;
    pWav->pUserData = pUserData;
    pWav->allocationCallbacks = drwav_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pWav->allocationCallbacks.onFree == NULL || (pWav->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc == NULL && pWav->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc == NULL)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    pWav->fmt.formatTag = (drwav_uint16)pFormat->format;
    pWav->fmt.channels = (drwav_uint16)pFormat->channels;
    pWav->fmt.sampleRate = pFormat->sampleRate;
    pWav->fmt.avgBytesPerSec = (drwav_uint32)((pFormat->bitsPerSample * pFormat->sampleRate * pFormat->channels) / 8);
    pWav->fmt.blockAlign = (drwav_uint16)((pFormat->channels * pFormat->bitsPerSample) / 8);
    pWav->fmt.bitsPerSample = (drwav_uint16)pFormat->bitsPerSample;
    pWav->fmt.extendedSize = 0;
    pWav->isSequentialWrite = isSequential;
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write__internal(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount)
{
    size_t runningPos = 0;
    drwav_uint64 initialDataChunkSize = 0;
    drwav_uint64 chunkSizeFMT;
    if (pWav->isSequentialWrite) {
        initialDataChunkSize = (totalSampleCount * pWav->fmt.bitsPerSample) / 8;
        if (pFormat->container == drwav_container_riff) {
            if (initialDataChunkSize > (0xFFFFFFFFUL - 36)) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
        }
    }
    pWav->dataChunkDataSizeTargetWrite = initialDataChunkSize;
    if (pFormat->container == drwav_container_riff) {
        drwav_uint32 chunkSizeRIFF = 36 + (drwav_uint32)initialDataChunkSize;
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, "RIFF", 4);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &chunkSizeRIFF, 4);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, "WAVE", 4);
    } else {
        drwav_uint64 chunkSizeRIFF = 80 + 24 + initialDataChunkSize;
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, drwavGUID_W64_RIFF, 16);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &chunkSizeRIFF, 8);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, drwavGUID_W64_WAVE, 16);
    }
    if (pFormat->container == drwav_container_riff) {
        chunkSizeFMT = 16;
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, "fmt ", 4);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &chunkSizeFMT, 4);
    } else {
        chunkSizeFMT = 40;
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, drwavGUID_W64_FMT, 16);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &chunkSizeFMT, 8);
    }
    runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &pWav->fmt.formatTag,      2);
    runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &pWav->fmt.channels,       2);
    runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &pWav->fmt.sampleRate,     4);
    runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &pWav->fmt.avgBytesPerSec, 4);
    runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &pWav->fmt.blockAlign,     2);
    runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &pWav->fmt.bitsPerSample,  2);
    pWav->dataChunkDataPos = runningPos;
    if (pFormat->container == drwav_container_riff) {
        drwav_uint32 chunkSizeDATA = (drwav_uint32)initialDataChunkSize;
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, "data", 4);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &chunkSizeDATA, 4);
    } else {
        drwav_uint64 chunkSizeDATA = 24 + initialDataChunkSize;
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, drwavGUID_W64_DATA, 16);
        runningPos += pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &chunkSizeDATA, 8);
    }
    if (pFormat->container == drwav_container_riff) {
        if (runningPos != 20 + chunkSizeFMT + 8) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    } else {
        if (runningPos != 40 + chunkSizeFMT + 24) {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
    pWav->container = pFormat->container;
    pWav->channels = (drwav_uint16)pFormat->channels;
    pWav->sampleRate = pFormat->sampleRate;
    pWav->bitsPerSample = (drwav_uint16)pFormat->bitsPerSample;
    pWav->translatedFormatTag = (drwav_uint16)pFormat->format;
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_write_proc onWrite, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (!drwav_preinit_write(pWav, pFormat, DRWAV_FALSE, onWrite, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_write__internal(pWav, pFormat, 0);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write_sequential(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, drwav_write_proc onWrite, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (!drwav_preinit_write(pWav, pFormat, DRWAV_TRUE, onWrite, NULL, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_write__internal(pWav, pFormat, totalSampleCount);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_write_sequential_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, drwav_write_proc onWrite, void* pUserData, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pFormat == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_write_sequential(pWav, pFormat, totalPCMFrameCount*pFormat->channels, onWrite, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_target_write_size_bytes(const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 targetDataSizeBytes = (drwav_uint64)((drwav_int64)totalSampleCount * pFormat->channels * pFormat->bitsPerSample/8.0);
    drwav_uint64 riffChunkSizeBytes;
    drwav_uint64 fileSizeBytes;
    if (pFormat->container == drwav_container_riff) {
        riffChunkSizeBytes = drwav__riff_chunk_size_riff(targetDataSizeBytes);
        fileSizeBytes = (8 + riffChunkSizeBytes);
    } else {
        riffChunkSizeBytes = drwav__riff_chunk_size_w64(targetDataSizeBytes);
        fileSizeBytes = riffChunkSizeBytes;
    }
    return fileSizeBytes;
}
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
#include <errno.h>
static drwav_result drwav_result_from_errno(int e)
{
    switch (e)
    {
        case 0: return DRWAV_SUCCESS;
    #ifdef EPERM
        case EPERM: return DRWAV_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOENT
        case ENOENT: return DRWAV_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRCH
        case ESRCH: return DRWAV_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINTR
        case EINTR: return DRWAV_INTERRUPT;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIO
        case EIO: return DRWAV_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENXIO
        case ENXIO: return DRWAV_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef E2BIG
        case E2BIG: return DRWAV_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOEXEC
        case ENOEXEC: return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADF
        case EBADF: return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHILD
        case ECHILD: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAGAIN
        case EAGAIN: return DRWAV_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEM
        case ENOMEM: return DRWAV_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EACCES
        case EACCES: return DRWAV_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFAULT
        case EFAULT: return DRWAV_BAD_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTBLK
        case ENOTBLK: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBUSY
        case EBUSY: return DRWAV_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EEXIST
        case EEXIST: return DRWAV_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXDEV
        case EXDEV: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODEV
        case ENODEV: return DRWAV_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTDIR
        case ENOTDIR: return DRWAV_NOT_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISDIR
        case EISDIR: return DRWAV_IS_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINVAL
        case EINVAL: return DRWAV_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENFILE
        case ENFILE: return DRWAV_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMFILE
        case EMFILE: return DRWAV_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTTY
        case ENOTTY: return DRWAV_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETXTBSY
        case ETXTBSY: return DRWAV_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFBIG
        case EFBIG: return DRWAV_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSPC
        case ENOSPC: return DRWAV_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESPIPE
        case ESPIPE: return DRWAV_BAD_SEEK;
    #endif
    #ifdef EROFS
        case EROFS: return DRWAV_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMLINK
        case EMLINK: return DRWAV_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPIPE
        case EPIPE: return DRWAV_BAD_PIPE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOM
        case EDOM: return DRWAV_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERANGE
        case ERANGE: return DRWAV_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDEADLK
        case EDEADLK: return DRWAV_DEADLOCK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAMETOOLONG
        case ENAMETOOLONG: return DRWAV_PATH_TOO_LONG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLCK
        case ENOLCK: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSYS
        case ENOSYS: return DRWAV_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTEMPTY
        case ENOTEMPTY: return DRWAV_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELOOP
        case ELOOP: return DRWAV_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMSG
        case ENOMSG: return DRWAV_NO_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIDRM
        case EIDRM: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHRNG
        case ECHRNG: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2NSYNC
        case EL2NSYNC: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3HLT
        case EL3HLT: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3RST
        case EL3RST: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELNRNG
        case ELNRNG: return DRWAV_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUNATCH
        case EUNATCH: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOCSI
        case ENOCSI: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2HLT
        case EL2HLT: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADE
        case EBADE: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADR
        case EBADR: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXFULL
        case EXFULL: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOANO
        case ENOANO: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADRQC
        case EBADRQC: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADSLT
        case EBADSLT: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBFONT
        case EBFONT: return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSTR
        case ENOSTR: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODATA
        case ENODATA: return DRWAV_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIME
        case ETIME: return DRWAV_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSR
        case ENOSR: return DRWAV_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENONET
        case ENONET: return DRWAV_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPKG
        case ENOPKG: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTE
        case EREMOTE: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLINK
        case ENOLINK: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADV
        case EADV: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRMNT
        case ESRMNT: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECOMM
        case ECOMM: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTO
        case EPROTO: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMULTIHOP
        case EMULTIHOP: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOTDOT
        case EDOTDOT: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADMSG
        case EBADMSG: return DRWAV_BAD_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOVERFLOW
        case EOVERFLOW: return DRWAV_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTUNIQ
        case ENOTUNIQ: return DRWAV_NOT_UNIQUE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADFD
        case EBADFD: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMCHG
        case EREMCHG: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBACC
        case ELIBACC: return DRWAV_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBBAD
        case ELIBBAD: return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBSCN
        case ELIBSCN: return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBMAX
        case ELIBMAX: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBEXEC
        case ELIBEXEC: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EILSEQ
        case EILSEQ: return DRWAV_INVALID_DATA;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERESTART
        case ERESTART: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTRPIPE
        case ESTRPIPE: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUSERS
        case EUSERS: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTSOCK
        case ENOTSOCK: return DRWAV_NOT_SOCKET;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDESTADDRREQ
        case EDESTADDRREQ: return DRWAV_NO_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMSGSIZE
        case EMSGSIZE: return DRWAV_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTOTYPE
        case EPROTOTYPE: return DRWAV_BAD_PROTOCOL;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPROTOOPT
        case ENOPROTOOPT: return DRWAV_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT
        case EPROTONOSUPPORT: return DRWAV_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
        case ESOCKTNOSUPPORT: return DRWAV_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOPNOTSUPP
        case EOPNOTSUPP: return DRWAV_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
        case EPFNOSUPPORT: return DRWAV_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT
        case EAFNOSUPPORT: return DRWAV_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRINUSE
        case EADDRINUSE: return DRWAV_ALREADY_IN_USE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRNOTAVAIL
        case EADDRNOTAVAIL: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETDOWN
        case ENETDOWN: return DRWAV_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETUNREACH
        case ENETUNREACH: return DRWAV_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETRESET
        case ENETRESET: return DRWAV_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNABORTED
        case ECONNABORTED: return DRWAV_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNRESET
        case ECONNRESET: return DRWAV_CONNECTION_RESET;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOBUFS
        case ENOBUFS: return DRWAV_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISCONN
        case EISCONN: return DRWAV_ALREADY_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTCONN
        case ENOTCONN: return DRWAV_NOT_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESHUTDOWN
        case ESHUTDOWN: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETOOMANYREFS
        case ETOOMANYREFS: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIMEDOUT
        case ETIMEDOUT: return DRWAV_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNREFUSED
        case ECONNREFUSED: return DRWAV_CONNECTION_REFUSED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTDOWN
        case EHOSTDOWN: return DRWAV_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTUNREACH
        case EHOSTUNREACH: return DRWAV_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EALREADY
        case EALREADY: return DRWAV_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINPROGRESS
        case EINPROGRESS: return DRWAV_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTALE
        case ESTALE: return DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUCLEAN
        case EUCLEAN: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTNAM
        case ENOTNAM: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAVAIL
        case ENAVAIL: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISNAM
        case EISNAM: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTEIO
        case EREMOTEIO: return DRWAV_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDQUOT
        case EDQUOT: return DRWAV_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEDIUM
        case ENOMEDIUM: return DRWAV_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMEDIUMTYPE
        case EMEDIUMTYPE: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECANCELED
        case ECANCELED: return DRWAV_CANCELLED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOKEY
        case ENOKEY: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYEXPIRED
        case EKEYEXPIRED: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREVOKED
        case EKEYREVOKED: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREJECTED
        case EKEYREJECTED: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOWNERDEAD
        case EOWNERDEAD: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTRECOVERABLE
        case ENOTRECOVERABLE: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERFKILL
        case ERFKILL: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHWPOISON
        case EHWPOISON: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    #endif
        default: return DRWAV_ERROR;
    }
}
static drwav_result drwav_fopen(FILE** ppFile, const char* pFilePath, const char* pOpenMode)
{
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    errno_t err;
#endif
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;
    }
    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    err = fopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    if (err != 0) {
        return drwav_result_from_errno(err);
    }
#else
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)
    *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
#else
    #if defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && _FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64 && defined(_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE)
        *ppFile = fopen64(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #else
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #endif
#endif
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        drwav_result result = drwav_result_from_errno(errno);
        if (result == DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
            result = DRWAV_ERROR;
        }
        return result;
    }
#endif
    return DRWAV_SUCCESS;
}
#if defined(_WIN32)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW64__) || !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define DRWAV_HAS_WFOPEN
    #endif
#endif
static drwav_result drwav_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_t* pOpenMode, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;
    }
    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
#if defined(DRWAV_HAS_WFOPEN)
    {
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
        errno_t err = _wfopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (err != 0) {
            return drwav_result_from_errno(err);
        }
    #else
        *ppFile = _wfopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (*ppFile == NULL) {
            return drwav_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
    #endif
        (void)pAllocationCallbacks;
    }
#else
    {
        mbstate_t mbs;
        size_t lenMB;
        const wchar_t* pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        char* pFilePathMB = NULL;
        char pOpenModeMB[32] = {0};
        DRWAV_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        lenMB = wcsrtombs(NULL, &pFilePathTemp, 0, &mbs);
        if (lenMB == (size_t)-1) {
            return drwav_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
        pFilePathMB = (char*)drwav__malloc_from_callbacks(lenMB + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
        if (pFilePathMB == NULL) {
            return DRWAV_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
        pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        DRWAV_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        wcsrtombs(pFilePathMB, &pFilePathTemp, lenMB + 1, &mbs);
        {
            size_t i = 0;
            for (;;) {
                if (pOpenMode[i] == 0) {
                    pOpenModeMB[i] = '\0';
                    break;
                }
                pOpenModeMB[i] = (char)pOpenMode[i];
                i += 1;
            }
        }
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePathMB, pOpenModeMB);
        drwav__free_from_callbacks(pFilePathMB, pAllocationCallbacks);
    }
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_ERROR;
    }
#endif
    return DRWAV_SUCCESS;
}
static size_t drwav__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    return fread(pBufferOut, 1, bytesToRead, (FILE*)pUserData);
}
static size_t drwav__on_write_stdio(void* pUserData, const void* pData, size_t bytesToWrite)
{
    return fwrite(pData, 1, bytesToWrite, (FILE*)pUserData);
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin)
{
    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == drwav_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_file_ex(pWav, filename, NULL, NULL, 0, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file__internal_FILE(drwav* pWav, FILE* pFile, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav_bool32 result;
    result = drwav_preinit(pWav, drwav__on_read_stdio, drwav__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (result != DRWAV_TRUE) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return result;
    }
    result = drwav_init__internal(pWav, onChunk, pChunkUserData, flags);
    if (result != DRWAV_TRUE) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return result;
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_ex(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drwav_fopen(&pFile, filename, "rb") != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_file__internal_FILE(pWav, pFile, onChunk, pChunkUserData, flags, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_file_ex_w(pWav, filename, NULL, NULL, 0, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_ex_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drwav_wfopen(&pFile, filename, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_file__internal_FILE(pWav, pFile, onChunk, pChunkUserData, flags, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write__internal_FILE(drwav* pWav, FILE* pFile, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, drwav_bool32 isSequential, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav_bool32 result;
    result = drwav_preinit_write(pWav, pFormat, isSequential, drwav__on_write_stdio, drwav__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (result != DRWAV_TRUE) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return result;
    }
    result = drwav_init_write__internal(pWav, pFormat, totalSampleCount);
    if (result != DRWAV_TRUE) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return result;
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write__internal(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, drwav_bool32 isSequential, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drwav_fopen(&pFile, filename, "wb") != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_file_write__internal_FILE(pWav, pFile, pFormat, totalSampleCount, isSequential, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_w__internal(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, drwav_bool32 isSequential, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drwav_wfopen(&pFile, filename, L"wb", pAllocationCallbacks) != DRWAV_SUCCESS) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_file_write__internal_FILE(pWav, pFile, pFormat, totalSampleCount, isSequential, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_file_write__internal(pWav, filename, pFormat, 0, DRWAV_FALSE, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_file_write__internal(pWav, filename, pFormat, totalSampleCount, DRWAV_TRUE, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, const char* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pFormat == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_file_write_sequential(pWav, filename, pFormat, totalPCMFrameCount*pFormat->channels, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_file_write_w__internal(pWav, filename, pFormat, 0, DRWAV_FALSE, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_file_write_w__internal(pWav, filename, pFormat, totalSampleCount, DRWAV_TRUE, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_file_write_sequential_pcm_frames_w(drwav* pWav, const wchar_t* filename, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pFormat == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_file_write_sequential_w(pWav, filename, pFormat, totalPCMFrameCount*pFormat->channels, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
#endif
static size_t drwav__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    drwav* pWav = (drwav*)pUserData;
    size_t bytesRemaining;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav->memoryStream.dataSize >= pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos);
    bytesRemaining = pWav->memoryStream.dataSize - pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos;
    if (bytesToRead > bytesRemaining) {
        bytesToRead = bytesRemaining;
    }
    if (bytesToRead > 0) {
        DRWAV_COPY_MEMORY(pBufferOut, pWav->memoryStream.data + pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos, bytesToRead);
        pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos += bytesToRead;
    }
    return bytesToRead;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin)
{
    drwav* pWav = (drwav*)pUserData;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    if (origin == drwav_seek_origin_current) {
        if (offset > 0) {
            if (pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos + offset > pWav->memoryStream.dataSize) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            if (pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos < (size_t)-offset) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
        }
        pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos += offset;
    } else {
        if ((drwav_uint32)offset <= pWav->memoryStream.dataSize) {
            pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos = offset;
        } else {
            return DRWAV_FALSE;
        }
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
static size_t drwav__on_write_memory(void* pUserData, const void* pDataIn, size_t bytesToWrite)
{
    drwav* pWav = (drwav*)pUserData;
    size_t bytesRemaining;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity >= pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos);
    bytesRemaining = pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity - pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos;
    if (bytesRemaining < bytesToWrite) {
        void* pNewData;
        size_t newDataCapacity = (pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity == 0) ? 256 : pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity * 2;
        if ((newDataCapacity - pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos) < bytesToWrite) {
            newDataCapacity = pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos + bytesToWrite;
        }
        pNewData = drwav__realloc_from_callbacks(*pWav->memoryStreamWrite.ppData, newDataCapacity, pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
        if (pNewData == NULL) {
            return 0;
        }
        *pWav->memoryStreamWrite.ppData = pNewData;
        pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity = newDataCapacity;
    }
    DRWAV_COPY_MEMORY(((drwav_uint8*)(*pWav->memoryStreamWrite.ppData)) + pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos, pDataIn, bytesToWrite);
    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos += bytesToWrite;
    if (pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize < pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos) {
        pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize = pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos;
    }
    *pWav->memoryStreamWrite.pDataSize = pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize;
    return bytesToWrite;
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav__on_seek_memory_write(void* pUserData, int offset, drwav_seek_origin origin)
{
    drwav* pWav = (drwav*)pUserData;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    if (origin == drwav_seek_origin_current) {
        if (offset > 0) {
            if (pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos + offset > pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize) {
                offset = (int)(pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize - pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos);
            }
        } else {
            if (pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos < (size_t)-offset) {
                offset = -(int)pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos;
            }
        }
        pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos += offset;
    } else {
        if ((drwav_uint32)offset <= pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize) {
            pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos = offset;
        } else {
            pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos = pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize;
        }
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory(drwav* pWav, const void* data, size_t dataSize, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_memory_ex(pWav, data, dataSize, NULL, NULL, 0, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_ex(drwav* pWav, const void* data, size_t dataSize, drwav_chunk_proc onChunk, void* pChunkUserData, drwav_uint32 flags, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (data == NULL || dataSize == 0) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drwav_preinit(pWav, drwav__on_read_memory, drwav__on_seek_memory, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    pWav->memoryStream.data = (const drwav_uint8*)data;
    pWav->memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
    pWav->memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
    return drwav_init__internal(pWav, onChunk, pChunkUserData, flags);
}
static drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write__internal(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, drwav_bool32 isSequential, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (ppData == NULL || pDataSize == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    *ppData = NULL;
    *pDataSize = 0;
    if (!drwav_preinit_write(pWav, pFormat, isSequential, drwav__on_write_memory, drwav__on_seek_memory_write, pWav, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.ppData = ppData;
    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.pDataSize = pDataSize;
    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataSize = 0;
    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.dataCapacity = 0;
    pWav->memoryStreamWrite.currentWritePos = 0;
    return drwav_init_write__internal(pWav, pFormat, totalSampleCount);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_memory_write__internal(pWav, ppData, pDataSize, pFormat, 0, DRWAV_FALSE, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write_sequential(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalSampleCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drwav_init_memory_write__internal(pWav, ppData, pDataSize, pFormat, totalSampleCount, DRWAV_TRUE, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_init_memory_write_sequential_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, void** ppData, size_t* pDataSize, const drwav_data_format* pFormat, drwav_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pFormat == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    return drwav_init_memory_write_sequential(pWav, ppData, pDataSize, pFormat, totalPCMFrameCount*pFormat->channels, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_result drwav_uninit(drwav* pWav)
{
    drwav_result result = DRWAV_SUCCESS;
    if (pWav == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
    if (pWav->onWrite != NULL) {
        drwav_uint32 paddingSize = 0;
        if (pWav->container == drwav_container_riff) {
            paddingSize = drwav__chunk_padding_size_riff(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
        } else {
            paddingSize = drwav__chunk_padding_size_w64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
        }
        if (paddingSize > 0) {
            drwav_uint64 paddingData = 0;
            pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &paddingData, paddingSize);
        }
        if (pWav->onSeek && !pWav->isSequentialWrite) {
            if (pWav->container == drwav_container_riff) {
                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 4, drwav_seek_origin_start)) {
                    drwav_uint32 riffChunkSize = drwav__riff_chunk_size_riff(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                    pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &riffChunkSize, 4);
                }
                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos + 4, drwav_seek_origin_start)) {
                    drwav_uint32 dataChunkSize = drwav__data_chunk_size_riff(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                    pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &dataChunkSize, 4);
                }
            } else {
                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, 16, drwav_seek_origin_start)) {
                    drwav_uint64 riffChunkSize = drwav__riff_chunk_size_w64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                    pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &riffChunkSize, 8);
                }
                if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos + 16, drwav_seek_origin_start)) {
                    drwav_uint64 dataChunkSize = drwav__data_chunk_size_w64(pWav->dataChunkDataSize);
                    pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, &dataChunkSize, 8);
                }
            }
        }
        if (pWav->isSequentialWrite) {
            if (pWav->dataChunkDataSize != pWav->dataChunkDataSizeTargetWrite) {
                result = DRWAV_INVALID_FILE;
            }
        }
    }
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
    if (pWav->onRead == drwav__on_read_stdio || pWav->onWrite == drwav__on_write_stdio) {
        fclose((FILE*)pWav->pUserData);
    }
#endif
    return result;
}
DRWAV_API size_t drwav_read_raw(drwav* pWav, size_t bytesToRead, void* pBufferOut)
{
    size_t bytesRead;
    if (pWav == NULL || bytesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (bytesToRead > pWav->bytesRemaining) {
        bytesToRead = (size_t)pWav->bytesRemaining;
    }
    if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
        bytesRead = pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
    } else {
        bytesRead = 0;
        while (bytesRead < bytesToRead) {
            size_t bytesToSeek = (bytesToRead - bytesRead);
            if (bytesToSeek > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
                bytesToSeek = 0x7FFFFFFF;
            }
            if (pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)bytesToSeek, drwav_seek_origin_current) == DRWAV_FALSE) {
                break;
            }
            bytesRead += bytesToSeek;
        }
        while (bytesRead < bytesToRead) {
            drwav_uint8 buffer[4096];
            size_t bytesSeeked;
            size_t bytesToSeek = (bytesToRead - bytesRead);
            if (bytesToSeek > sizeof(buffer)) {
                bytesToSeek = sizeof(buffer);
            }
            bytesSeeked = pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, buffer, bytesToSeek);
            bytesRead += bytesSeeked;
            if (bytesSeeked < bytesToSeek) {
                break;
            }
        }
    }
    pWav->bytesRemaining -= bytesRead;
    return bytesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    if (pWav == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (drwav__is_compressed_format_tag(pWav->translatedFormatTag)) {
        return 0;
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (framesToRead * bytesPerFrame > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        framesToRead = DRWAV_SIZE_MAX / bytesPerFrame;
    }
    return drwav_read_raw(pWav, (size_t)(framesToRead * bytesPerFrame), pBufferOut) / bytesPerFrame;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_le(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
        drwav__bswap_samples(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels, drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav)/pWav->channels, pWav->translatedFormatTag);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut)
{
    if (drwav__is_little_endian()) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_le(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    } else {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_be(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_seek_to_first_pcm_frame(drwav* pWav)
{
    if (pWav->onWrite != NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (!pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, (int)pWav->dataChunkDataPos, drwav_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (drwav__is_compressed_format_tag(pWav->translatedFormatTag)) {
        pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame = 0;
    }
    pWav->bytesRemaining = pWav->dataChunkDataSize;
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_seek_to_pcm_frame(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 targetFrameIndex)
{
    if (pWav == NULL || pWav->onSeek == NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (pWav->onWrite != NULL) {
        return DRWAV_FALSE;
    }
    if (pWav->totalPCMFrameCount == 0) {
        return DRWAV_TRUE;
    }
    if (targetFrameIndex >= pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
        targetFrameIndex  = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount - 1;
    }
    if (drwav__is_compressed_format_tag(pWav->translatedFormatTag)) {
        if (targetFrameIndex < pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame) {
            if (!drwav_seek_to_first_pcm_frame(pWav)) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
        }
        if (targetFrameIndex > pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame) {
            drwav_uint64 offsetInFrames = targetFrameIndex - pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame;
            drwav_int16 devnull[2048];
            while (offsetInFrames > 0) {
                drwav_uint64 framesRead = 0;
                drwav_uint64 framesToRead = offsetInFrames;
                if (framesToRead > drwav_countof(devnull)/pWav->channels) {
                    framesToRead = drwav_countof(devnull)/pWav->channels;
                }
                if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
                    framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(pWav, framesToRead, devnull);
                } else if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
                    framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(pWav, framesToRead, devnull);
                } else {
                    DRWAV_ASSERT(DRWAV_FALSE);
                }
                if (framesRead != framesToRead) {
                    return DRWAV_FALSE;
                }
                offsetInFrames -= framesRead;
            }
        }
    } else {
        drwav_uint64 totalSizeInBytes;
        drwav_uint64 currentBytePos;
        drwav_uint64 targetBytePos;
        drwav_uint64 offset;
        totalSizeInBytes = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
        DRWAV_ASSERT(totalSizeInBytes >= pWav->bytesRemaining);
        currentBytePos = totalSizeInBytes - pWav->bytesRemaining;
        targetBytePos  = targetFrameIndex * drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
        if (currentBytePos < targetBytePos) {
            offset = (targetBytePos - currentBytePos);
        } else {
            if (!drwav_seek_to_first_pcm_frame(pWav)) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
            offset = targetBytePos;
        }
        while (offset > 0) {
            int offset32 = ((offset > INT_MAX) ? INT_MAX : (int)offset);
            if (!pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, offset32, drwav_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRWAV_FALSE;
            }
            pWav->bytesRemaining -= offset32;
            offset -= offset32;
        }
    }
    return DRWAV_TRUE;
}
DRWAV_API size_t drwav_write_raw(drwav* pWav, size_t bytesToWrite, const void* pData)
{
    size_t bytesWritten;
    if (pWav == NULL || bytesToWrite == 0 || pData == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    bytesWritten = pWav->onWrite(pWav->pUserData, pData, bytesToWrite);
    pWav->dataChunkDataSize += bytesWritten;
    return bytesWritten;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_write_pcm_frames_le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToWrite, const void* pData)
{
    drwav_uint64 bytesToWrite;
    drwav_uint64 bytesWritten;
    const drwav_uint8* pRunningData;
    if (pWav == NULL || framesToWrite == 0 || pData == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    bytesToWrite = ((framesToWrite * pWav->channels * pWav->bitsPerSample) / 8);
    if (bytesToWrite > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        return 0;
    }
    bytesWritten = 0;
    pRunningData = (const drwav_uint8*)pData;
    while (bytesToWrite > 0) {
        size_t bytesJustWritten;
        drwav_uint64 bytesToWriteThisIteration;
        bytesToWriteThisIteration = bytesToWrite;
        DRWAV_ASSERT(bytesToWriteThisIteration <= DRWAV_SIZE_MAX);
        bytesJustWritten = drwav_write_raw(pWav, (size_t)bytesToWriteThisIteration, pRunningData);
        if (bytesJustWritten == 0) {
            break;
        }
        bytesToWrite -= bytesJustWritten;
        bytesWritten += bytesJustWritten;
        pRunningData += bytesJustWritten;
    }
    return (bytesWritten * 8) / pWav->bitsPerSample / pWav->channels;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_write_pcm_frames_be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToWrite, const void* pData)
{
    drwav_uint64 bytesToWrite;
    drwav_uint64 bytesWritten;
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerSample;
    const drwav_uint8* pRunningData;
    if (pWav == NULL || framesToWrite == 0 || pData == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
    bytesToWrite = ((framesToWrite * pWav->channels * pWav->bitsPerSample) / 8);
    if (bytesToWrite > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        return 0;
    }
    bytesWritten = 0;
    pRunningData = (const drwav_uint8*)pData;
    bytesPerSample = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav) / pWav->channels;
    while (bytesToWrite > 0) {
        drwav_uint8 temp[4096];
        drwav_uint32 sampleCount;
        size_t bytesJustWritten;
        drwav_uint64 bytesToWriteThisIteration;
        bytesToWriteThisIteration = bytesToWrite;
        DRWAV_ASSERT(bytesToWriteThisIteration <= DRWAV_SIZE_MAX);
        sampleCount = sizeof(temp)/bytesPerSample;
        if (bytesToWriteThisIteration > ((drwav_uint64)sampleCount)*bytesPerSample) {
            bytesToWriteThisIteration = ((drwav_uint64)sampleCount)*bytesPerSample;
        }
        DRWAV_COPY_MEMORY(temp, pRunningData, (size_t)bytesToWriteThisIteration);
        drwav__bswap_samples(temp, sampleCount, bytesPerSample, pWav->translatedFormatTag);
        bytesJustWritten = drwav_write_raw(pWav, (size_t)bytesToWriteThisIteration, temp);
        if (bytesJustWritten == 0) {
            break;
        }
        bytesToWrite -= bytesJustWritten;
        bytesWritten += bytesJustWritten;
        pRunningData += bytesJustWritten;
    }
    return (bytesWritten * 8) / pWav->bitsPerSample / pWav->channels;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_write_pcm_frames(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToWrite, const void* pData)
{
    if (drwav__is_little_endian()) {
        return drwav_write_pcm_frames_le(pWav, framesToWrite, pData);
    } else {
        return drwav_write_pcm_frames_be(pWav, framesToWrite, pData);
    }
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    DRWAV_ASSERT(framesToRead > 0);
    while (framesToRead > 0 && pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame < pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
        if (pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount == 0 && pWav->msadpcm.bytesRemainingInBlock == 0) {
            if (pWav->channels == 1) {
                drwav_uint8 header[7];
                if (pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, header, sizeof(header)) != sizeof(header)) {
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->msadpcm.bytesRemainingInBlock = pWav->fmt.blockAlign - sizeof(header);
                pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]     = header[0];
                pWav->msadpcm.delta[0]         = drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 1);
                pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] = (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 3);
                pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] = (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 5);
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[2]  = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0];
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[3]  = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount = 2;
            } else {
                drwav_uint8 header[14];
                if (pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, header, sizeof(header)) != sizeof(header)) {
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->msadpcm.bytesRemainingInBlock = pWav->fmt.blockAlign - sizeof(header);
                pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0] = header[0];
                pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1] = header[1];
                pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 2);
                pWav->msadpcm.delta[1] = drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 4);
                pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] = (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 6);
                pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1] = (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 8);
                pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] = (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 10);
                pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][0] = (drwav_int32)drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 12);
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[0] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0];
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[1] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][0];
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[2] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[3] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1];
                pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount = 2;
            }
        }
        while (framesToRead > 0 && pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount > 0 && pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame < pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
            if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
                drwav_uint32 iSample = 0;
                for (iSample = 0; iSample < pWav->channels; iSample += 1) {
                    pBufferOut[iSample] = (drwav_int16)pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[(drwav_countof(pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames) - (pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount*pWav->channels)) + iSample];
                }
                pBufferOut += pWav->channels;
            }
            framesToRead    -= 1;
            totalFramesRead += 1;
            pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame += 1;
            pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount -= 1;
        }
        if (framesToRead == 0) {
            return totalFramesRead;
        }
        if (pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount == 0) {
            if (pWav->msadpcm.bytesRemainingInBlock == 0) {
                continue;
            } else {
                static drwav_int32 adaptationTable[] = {
                    230, 230, 230, 230, 307, 409, 512, 614,
                    768, 614, 512, 409, 307, 230, 230, 230
                };
                static drwav_int32 coeff1Table[] = { 256, 512, 0, 192, 240, 460,  392 };
                static drwav_int32 coeff2Table[] = { 0,  -256, 0, 64,  0,  -208, -232 };
                drwav_uint8 nibbles;
                drwav_int32 nibble0;
                drwav_int32 nibble1;
                if (pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, &nibbles, 1) != 1) {
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->msadpcm.bytesRemainingInBlock -= 1;
                nibble0 = ((nibbles & 0xF0) >> 4); if ((nibbles & 0x80)) { nibble0 |= 0xFFFFFFF0UL; }
                nibble1 = ((nibbles & 0x0F) >> 0); if ((nibbles & 0x08)) { nibble1 |= 0xFFFFFFF0UL; }
                if (pWav->channels == 1) {
                    drwav_int32 newSample0;
                    drwav_int32 newSample1;
                    newSample0  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]])) >> 8;
                    newSample0 += nibble0 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0];
                    newSample0  = drwav_clamp(newSample0, -32768, 32767);
                    pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = (adaptationTable[((nibbles & 0xF0) >> 4)] * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0]) >> 8;
                    if (pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] < 16) {
                        pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = 16;
                    }
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] = newSample0;
                    newSample1  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]])) >> 8;
                    newSample1 += nibble1 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0];
                    newSample1  = drwav_clamp(newSample1, -32768, 32767);
                    pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = (adaptationTable[((nibbles & 0x0F) >> 0)] * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0]) >> 8;
                    if (pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] < 16) {
                        pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = 16;
                    }
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] = newSample1;
                    pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[2] = newSample0;
                    pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[3] = newSample1;
                    pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount = 2;
                } else {
                    drwav_int32 newSample0;
                    drwav_int32 newSample1;
                    newSample0  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[0]])) >> 8;
                    newSample0 += nibble0 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0];
                    newSample0  = drwav_clamp(newSample0, -32768, 32767);
                    pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = (adaptationTable[((nibbles & 0xF0) >> 4)] * pWav->msadpcm.delta[0]) >> 8;
                    if (pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] < 16) {
                        pWav->msadpcm.delta[0] = 16;
                    }
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][0] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1];
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[0][1] = newSample0;
                    newSample1  = ((pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1] * coeff1Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1]]) + (pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][0] * coeff2Table[pWav->msadpcm.predictor[1]])) >> 8;
                    newSample1 += nibble1 * pWav->msadpcm.delta[1];
                    newSample1  = drwav_clamp(newSample1, -32768, 32767);
                    pWav->msadpcm.delta[1] = (adaptationTable[((nibbles & 0x0F) >> 0)] * pWav->msadpcm.delta[1]) >> 8;
                    if (pWav->msadpcm.delta[1] < 16) {
                        pWav->msadpcm.delta[1] = 16;
                    }
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][0] = pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1];
                    pWav->msadpcm.prevFrames[1][1] = newSample1;
                    pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[2] = newSample0;
                    pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrames[3] = newSample1;
                    pWav->msadpcm.cachedFrameCount = 1;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drwav_uint32 iChannel;
    static drwav_int32 indexTable[16] = {
        -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8,
        -1, -1, -1, -1, 2, 4, 6, 8
    };
    static drwav_int32 stepTable[89] = {
        7,     8,     9,     10,    11,    12,    13,    14,    16,    17,
        19,    21,    23,    25,    28,    31,    34,    37,    41,    45,
        50,    55,    60,    66,    73,    80,    88,    97,    107,   118,
        130,   143,   157,   173,   190,   209,   230,   253,   279,   307,
        337,   371,   408,   449,   494,   544,   598,   658,   724,   796,
        876,   963,   1060,  1166,  1282,  1411,  1552,  1707,  1878,  2066,
        2272,  2499,  2749,  3024,  3327,  3660,  4026,  4428,  4871,  5358,
        5894,  6484,  7132,  7845,  8630,  9493,  10442, 11487, 12635, 13899,
        15289, 16818, 18500, 20350, 22385, 24623, 27086, 29794, 32767
    };
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    DRWAV_ASSERT(framesToRead > 0);
    while (framesToRead > 0 && pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame < pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
        if (pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount == 0 && pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock == 0) {
            if (pWav->channels == 1) {
                drwav_uint8 header[4];
                if (pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, header, sizeof(header)) != sizeof(header)) {
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = pWav->fmt.blockAlign - sizeof(header);
                if (header[2] >= drwav_countof(stepTable)) {
                    pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock, drwav_seek_origin_current);
                    pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = 0;
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->ima.predictor[0] = drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 0);
                pWav->ima.stepIndex[0] = header[2];
                pWav->ima.cachedFrames[drwav_countof(pWav->ima.cachedFrames) - 1] = pWav->ima.predictor[0];
                pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount = 1;
            } else {
                drwav_uint8 header[8];
                if (pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, header, sizeof(header)) != sizeof(header)) {
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = pWav->fmt.blockAlign - sizeof(header);
                if (header[2] >= drwav_countof(stepTable) || header[6] >= drwav_countof(stepTable)) {
                    pWav->onSeek(pWav->pUserData, pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock, drwav_seek_origin_current);
                    pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock = 0;
                    return totalFramesRead;
                }
                pWav->ima.predictor[0] = drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 0);
                pWav->ima.stepIndex[0] = header[2];
                pWav->ima.predictor[1] = drwav__bytes_to_s16(header + 4);
                pWav->ima.stepIndex[1] = header[6];
                pWav->ima.cachedFrames[drwav_countof(pWav->ima.cachedFrames) - 2] = pWav->ima.predictor[0];
                pWav->ima.cachedFrames[drwav_countof(pWav->ima.cachedFrames) - 1] = pWav->ima.predictor[1];
                pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount = 1;
            }
        }
        while (framesToRead > 0 && pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount > 0 && pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame < pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
            if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
                drwav_uint32 iSample;
                for (iSample = 0; iSample < pWav->channels; iSample += 1) {
                    pBufferOut[iSample] = (drwav_int16)pWav->ima.cachedFrames[(drwav_countof(pWav->ima.cachedFrames) - (pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount*pWav->channels)) + iSample];
                }
                pBufferOut += pWav->channels;
            }
            framesToRead    -= 1;
            totalFramesRead += 1;
            pWav->compressed.iCurrentPCMFrame += 1;
            pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount -= 1;
        }
        if (framesToRead == 0) {
            return totalFramesRead;
        }
        if (pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount == 0) {
            if (pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock == 0) {
                continue;
            } else {
                pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount = 8;
                for (iChannel = 0; iChannel < pWav->channels; ++iChannel) {
                    drwav_uint32 iByte;
                    drwav_uint8 nibbles[4];
                    if (pWav->onRead(pWav->pUserData, &nibbles, 4) != 4) {
                        pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount = 0;
                        return totalFramesRead;
                    }
                    pWav->ima.bytesRemainingInBlock -= 4;
                    for (iByte = 0; iByte < 4; ++iByte) {
                        drwav_uint8 nibble0 = ((nibbles[iByte] & 0x0F) >> 0);
                        drwav_uint8 nibble1 = ((nibbles[iByte] & 0xF0) >> 4);
                        drwav_int32 step      = stepTable[pWav->ima.stepIndex[iChannel]];
                        drwav_int32 predictor = pWav->ima.predictor[iChannel];
                        drwav_int32      diff  = step >> 3;
                        if (nibble0 & 1) diff += step >> 2;
                        if (nibble0 & 2) diff += step >> 1;
                        if (nibble0 & 4) diff += step;
                        if (nibble0 & 8) diff  = -diff;
                        predictor = drwav_clamp(predictor + diff, -32768, 32767);
                        pWav->ima.predictor[iChannel] = predictor;
                        pWav->ima.stepIndex[iChannel] = drwav_clamp(pWav->ima.stepIndex[iChannel] + indexTable[nibble0], 0, (drwav_int32)drwav_countof(stepTable)-1);
                        pWav->ima.cachedFrames[(drwav_countof(pWav->ima.cachedFrames) - (pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount*pWav->channels)) + (iByte*2+0)*pWav->channels + iChannel] = predictor;
                        step      = stepTable[pWav->ima.stepIndex[iChannel]];
                        predictor = pWav->ima.predictor[iChannel];
                                         diff  = step >> 3;
                        if (nibble1 & 1) diff += step >> 2;
                        if (nibble1 & 2) diff += step >> 1;
                        if (nibble1 & 4) diff += step;
                        if (nibble1 & 8) diff  = -diff;
                        predictor = drwav_clamp(predictor + diff, -32768, 32767);
                        pWav->ima.predictor[iChannel] = predictor;
                        pWav->ima.stepIndex[iChannel] = drwav_clamp(pWav->ima.stepIndex[iChannel] + indexTable[nibble1], 0, (drwav_int32)drwav_countof(stepTable)-1);
                        pWav->ima.cachedFrames[(drwav_countof(pWav->ima.cachedFrames) - (pWav->ima.cachedFrameCount*pWav->channels)) + (iByte*2+1)*pWav->channels + iChannel] = predictor;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_CONVERSION_API
static unsigned short g_drwavAlawTable[256] = {
    0xEA80, 0xEB80, 0xE880, 0xE980, 0xEE80, 0xEF80, 0xEC80, 0xED80, 0xE280, 0xE380, 0xE080, 0xE180, 0xE680, 0xE780, 0xE480, 0xE580,
    0xF540, 0xF5C0, 0xF440, 0xF4C0, 0xF740, 0xF7C0, 0xF640, 0xF6C0, 0xF140, 0xF1C0, 0xF040, 0xF0C0, 0xF340, 0xF3C0, 0xF240, 0xF2C0,
    0xAA00, 0xAE00, 0xA200, 0xA600, 0xBA00, 0xBE00, 0xB200, 0xB600, 0x8A00, 0x8E00, 0x8200, 0x8600, 0x9A00, 0x9E00, 0x9200, 0x9600,
    0xD500, 0xD700, 0xD100, 0xD300, 0xDD00, 0xDF00, 0xD900, 0xDB00, 0xC500, 0xC700, 0xC100, 0xC300, 0xCD00, 0xCF00, 0xC900, 0xCB00,
    0xFEA8, 0xFEB8, 0xFE88, 0xFE98, 0xFEE8, 0xFEF8, 0xFEC8, 0xFED8, 0xFE28, 0xFE38, 0xFE08, 0xFE18, 0xFE68, 0xFE78, 0xFE48, 0xFE58,
    0xFFA8, 0xFFB8, 0xFF88, 0xFF98, 0xFFE8, 0xFFF8, 0xFFC8, 0xFFD8, 0xFF28, 0xFF38, 0xFF08, 0xFF18, 0xFF68, 0xFF78, 0xFF48, 0xFF58,
    0xFAA0, 0xFAE0, 0xFA20, 0xFA60, 0xFBA0, 0xFBE0, 0xFB20, 0xFB60, 0xF8A0, 0xF8E0, 0xF820, 0xF860, 0xF9A0, 0xF9E0, 0xF920, 0xF960,
    0xFD50, 0xFD70, 0xFD10, 0xFD30, 0xFDD0, 0xFDF0, 0xFD90, 0xFDB0, 0xFC50, 0xFC70, 0xFC10, 0xFC30, 0xFCD0, 0xFCF0, 0xFC90, 0xFCB0,
    0x1580, 0x1480, 0x1780, 0x1680, 0x1180, 0x1080, 0x1380, 0x1280, 0x1D80, 0x1C80, 0x1F80, 0x1E80, 0x1980, 0x1880, 0x1B80, 0x1A80,
    0x0AC0, 0x0A40, 0x0BC0, 0x0B40, 0x08C0, 0x0840, 0x09C0, 0x0940, 0x0EC0, 0x0E40, 0x0FC0, 0x0F40, 0x0CC0, 0x0C40, 0x0DC0, 0x0D40,
    0x5600, 0x5200, 0x5E00, 0x5A00, 0x4600, 0x4200, 0x4E00, 0x4A00, 0x7600, 0x7200, 0x7E00, 0x7A00, 0x6600, 0x6200, 0x6E00, 0x6A00,
    0x2B00, 0x2900, 0x2F00, 0x2D00, 0x2300, 0x2100, 0x2700, 0x2500, 0x3B00, 0x3900, 0x3F00, 0x3D00, 0x3300, 0x3100, 0x3700, 0x3500,
    0x0158, 0x0148, 0x0178, 0x0168, 0x0118, 0x0108, 0x0138, 0x0128, 0x01D8, 0x01C8, 0x01F8, 0x01E8, 0x0198, 0x0188, 0x01B8, 0x01A8,
    0x0058, 0x0048, 0x0078, 0x0068, 0x0018, 0x0008, 0x0038, 0x0028, 0x00D8, 0x00C8, 0x00F8, 0x00E8, 0x0098, 0x0088, 0x00B8, 0x00A8,
    0x0560, 0x0520, 0x05E0, 0x05A0, 0x0460, 0x0420, 0x04E0, 0x04A0, 0x0760, 0x0720, 0x07E0, 0x07A0, 0x0660, 0x0620, 0x06E0, 0x06A0,
    0x02B0, 0x0290, 0x02F0, 0x02D0, 0x0230, 0x0210, 0x0270, 0x0250, 0x03B0, 0x0390, 0x03F0, 0x03D0, 0x0330, 0x0310, 0x0370, 0x0350
};
static unsigned short g_drwavMulawTable[256] = {
    0x8284, 0x8684, 0x8A84, 0x8E84, 0x9284, 0x9684, 0x9A84, 0x9E84, 0xA284, 0xA684, 0xAA84, 0xAE84, 0xB284, 0xB684, 0xBA84, 0xBE84,
    0xC184, 0xC384, 0xC584, 0xC784, 0xC984, 0xCB84, 0xCD84, 0xCF84, 0xD184, 0xD384, 0xD584, 0xD784, 0xD984, 0xDB84, 0xDD84, 0xDF84,
    0xE104, 0xE204, 0xE304, 0xE404, 0xE504, 0xE604, 0xE704, 0xE804, 0xE904, 0xEA04, 0xEB04, 0xEC04, 0xED04, 0xEE04, 0xEF04, 0xF004,
    0xF0C4, 0xF144, 0xF1C4, 0xF244, 0xF2C4, 0xF344, 0xF3C4, 0xF444, 0xF4C4, 0xF544, 0xF5C4, 0xF644, 0xF6C4, 0xF744, 0xF7C4, 0xF844,
    0xF8A4, 0xF8E4, 0xF924, 0xF964, 0xF9A4, 0xF9E4, 0xFA24, 0xFA64, 0xFAA4, 0xFAE4, 0xFB24, 0xFB64, 0xFBA4, 0xFBE4, 0xFC24, 0xFC64,
    0xFC94, 0xFCB4, 0xFCD4, 0xFCF4, 0xFD14, 0xFD34, 0xFD54, 0xFD74, 0xFD94, 0xFDB4, 0xFDD4, 0xFDF4, 0xFE14, 0xFE34, 0xFE54, 0xFE74,
    0xFE8C, 0xFE9C, 0xFEAC, 0xFEBC, 0xFECC, 0xFEDC, 0xFEEC, 0xFEFC, 0xFF0C, 0xFF1C, 0xFF2C, 0xFF3C, 0xFF4C, 0xFF5C, 0xFF6C, 0xFF7C,
    0xFF88, 0xFF90, 0xFF98, 0xFFA0, 0xFFA8, 0xFFB0, 0xFFB8, 0xFFC0, 0xFFC8, 0xFFD0, 0xFFD8, 0xFFE0, 0xFFE8, 0xFFF0, 0xFFF8, 0x0000,
    0x7D7C, 0x797C, 0x757C, 0x717C, 0x6D7C, 0x697C, 0x657C, 0x617C, 0x5D7C, 0x597C, 0x557C, 0x517C, 0x4D7C, 0x497C, 0x457C, 0x417C,
    0x3E7C, 0x3C7C, 0x3A7C, 0x387C, 0x367C, 0x347C, 0x327C, 0x307C, 0x2E7C, 0x2C7C, 0x2A7C, 0x287C, 0x267C, 0x247C, 0x227C, 0x207C,
    0x1EFC, 0x1DFC, 0x1CFC, 0x1BFC, 0x1AFC, 0x19FC, 0x18FC, 0x17FC, 0x16FC, 0x15FC, 0x14FC, 0x13FC, 0x12FC, 0x11FC, 0x10FC, 0x0FFC,
    0x0F3C, 0x0EBC, 0x0E3C, 0x0DBC, 0x0D3C, 0x0CBC, 0x0C3C, 0x0BBC, 0x0B3C, 0x0ABC, 0x0A3C, 0x09BC, 0x093C, 0x08BC, 0x083C, 0x07BC,
    0x075C, 0x071C, 0x06DC, 0x069C, 0x065C, 0x061C, 0x05DC, 0x059C, 0x055C, 0x051C, 0x04DC, 0x049C, 0x045C, 0x041C, 0x03DC, 0x039C,
    0x036C, 0x034C, 0x032C, 0x030C, 0x02EC, 0x02CC, 0x02AC, 0x028C, 0x026C, 0x024C, 0x022C, 0x020C, 0x01EC, 0x01CC, 0x01AC, 0x018C,
    0x0174, 0x0164, 0x0154, 0x0144, 0x0134, 0x0124, 0x0114, 0x0104, 0x00F4, 0x00E4, 0x00D4, 0x00C4, 0x00B4, 0x00A4, 0x0094, 0x0084,
    0x0078, 0x0070, 0x0068, 0x0060, 0x0058, 0x0050, 0x0048, 0x0040, 0x0038, 0x0030, 0x0028, 0x0020, 0x0018, 0x0010, 0x0008, 0x0000
};
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int16 drwav__alaw_to_s16(drwav_uint8 sampleIn)
{
    return (short)g_drwavAlawTable[sampleIn];
}
static DRWAV_INLINE drwav_int16 drwav__mulaw_to_s16(drwav_uint8 sampleIn)
{
    return (short)g_drwavMulawTable[sampleIn];
}
static void drwav__pcm_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t totalSampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
{
    unsigned int i;
    if (bytesPerSample == 1) {
        drwav_u8_to_s16(pOut, pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 2) {
        for (i = 0; i < totalSampleCount; ++i) {
           *pOut++ = ((const drwav_int16*)pIn)[i];
        }
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 3) {
        drwav_s24_to_s16(pOut, pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 4) {
        drwav_s32_to_s16(pOut, (const drwav_int32*)pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample > 8) {
        DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pOut, totalSampleCount * sizeof(*pOut));
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < totalSampleCount; ++i) {
        drwav_uint64 sample = 0;
        unsigned int shift  = (8 - bytesPerSample) * 8;
        unsigned int j;
        for (j = 0; j < bytesPerSample; j += 1) {
            DRWAV_ASSERT(j < 8);
            sample |= (drwav_uint64)(pIn[j]) << shift;
            shift  += 8;
        }
        pIn += j;
        *pOut++ = (drwav_int16)((drwav_int64)sample >> 48);
    }
}
static void drwav__ieee_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t totalSampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
{
    if (bytesPerSample == 4) {
        drwav_f32_to_s16(pOut, (const float*)pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    } else if (bytesPerSample == 8) {
        drwav_f64_to_s16(pOut, (const double*)pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    } else {
        DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pOut, totalSampleCount * sizeof(*pOut));
        return;
    }
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__pcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    if ((pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM && pWav->bitsPerSample == 16) || pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav__pcm_to_s16(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels), bytesPerFrame/pWav->channels);
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ieee(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, NULL);
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav__ieee_to_s16(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels), bytesPerFrame/pWav->channels);
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__alaw(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, NULL);
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_alaw_to_s16(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__mulaw(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, NULL);
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_mulaw_to_s16(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pWav == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, NULL);
    }
    if (framesToRead * pWav->channels * sizeof(drwav_int16) > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        framesToRead = DRWAV_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(drwav_int16) / pWav->channels;
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__pcm(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ieee(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__alaw(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__mulaw(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__msadpcm(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16__ima(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    return 0;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL && drwav__is_little_endian() == DRWAV_FALSE) {
        drwav__bswap_samples_s16(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL && drwav__is_little_endian() == DRWAV_TRUE) {
        drwav__bswap_samples_s16(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_u8_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    int r;
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        int x = pIn[i];
        r = x << 8;
        r = r - 32768;
        pOut[i] = (short)r;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s24_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    int r;
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        int x = ((int)(((unsigned int)(((const drwav_uint8*)pIn)[i*3+0]) << 8) | ((unsigned int)(((const drwav_uint8*)pIn)[i*3+1]) << 16) | ((unsigned int)(((const drwav_uint8*)pIn)[i*3+2])) << 24)) >> 8;
        r = x >> 8;
        pOut[i] = (short)r;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s32_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_int32* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    int r;
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        int x = pIn[i];
        r = x >> 16;
        pOut[i] = (short)r;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_f32_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const float* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    int r;
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        float x = pIn[i];
        float c;
        c = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));
        c = c + 1;
        r = (int)(c * 32767.5f);
        r = r - 32768;
        pOut[i] = (short)r;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_f64_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const double* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    int r;
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        double x = pIn[i];
        double c;
        c = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));
        c = c + 1;
        r = (int)(c * 32767.5);
        r = r - 32768;
        pOut[i] = (short)r;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_alaw_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        pOut[i] = drwav__alaw_to_s16(pIn[i]);
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_mulaw_to_s16(drwav_int16* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        pOut[i] = drwav__mulaw_to_s16(pIn[i]);
    }
}
static void drwav__pcm_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
{
    unsigned int i;
    if (bytesPerSample == 1) {
        drwav_u8_to_f32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 2) {
        drwav_s16_to_f32(pOut, (const drwav_int16*)pIn, sampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 3) {
        drwav_s24_to_f32(pOut, pIn, sampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 4) {
        drwav_s32_to_f32(pOut, (const drwav_int32*)pIn, sampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample > 8) {
        DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pOut, sampleCount * sizeof(*pOut));
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        drwav_uint64 sample = 0;
        unsigned int shift  = (8 - bytesPerSample) * 8;
        unsigned int j;
        for (j = 0; j < bytesPerSample; j += 1) {
            DRWAV_ASSERT(j < 8);
            sample |= (drwav_uint64)(pIn[j]) << shift;
            shift  += 8;
        }
        pIn += j;
        *pOut++ = (float)((drwav_int64)sample / 9223372036854775807.0);
    }
}
static void drwav__ieee_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
{
    if (bytesPerSample == 4) {
        unsigned int i;
        for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
            *pOut++ = ((const float*)pIn)[i];
        }
        return;
    } else if (bytesPerSample == 8) {
        drwav_f64_to_f32(pOut, (const double*)pIn, sampleCount);
        return;
    } else {
        DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pOut, sampleCount * sizeof(*pOut));
        return;
    }
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__pcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav__pcm_to_f32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)framesRead*pWav->channels, bytesPerFrame/pWav->channels);
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__msadpcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drwav_int16 samples16[2048];
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, drwav_countof(samples16)/pWav->channels), samples16);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_s16_to_f32(pBufferOut, samples16, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__ima(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drwav_int16 samples16[2048];
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, drwav_countof(samples16)/pWav->channels), samples16);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_s16_to_f32(pBufferOut, samples16, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__ieee(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT && pWav->bitsPerSample == 32) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav__ieee_to_f32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels), bytesPerFrame/pWav->channels);
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__alaw(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_alaw_to_f32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__mulaw(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_mulaw_to_f32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pWav == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, NULL);
    }
    if (framesToRead * pWav->channels * sizeof(float) > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        framesToRead = DRWAV_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(float) / pWav->channels;
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__pcm(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__msadpcm(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__ieee(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__alaw(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__mulaw(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32__ima(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    return 0;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL && drwav__is_little_endian() == DRWAV_FALSE) {
        drwav__bswap_samples_f32(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL && drwav__is_little_endian() == DRWAV_TRUE) {
        drwav__bswap_samples_f32(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_u8_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
#ifdef DR_WAV_LIBSNDFILE_COMPAT
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = (pIn[i] / 256.0f) * 2 - 1;
    }
#else
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        float x = pIn[i];
        x = x * 0.00784313725490196078f;
        x = x - 1;
        *pOut++ = x;
    }
#endif
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s16_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_int16* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = pIn[i] * 0.000030517578125f;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s24_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        double x = (double)(((drwav_int32)(((drwav_uint32)(pIn[i*3+0]) << 8) | ((drwav_uint32)(pIn[i*3+1]) << 16) | ((drwav_uint32)(pIn[i*3+2])) << 24)) >> 8);
        *pOut++ = (float)(x * 0.00000011920928955078125);
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s32_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_int32* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = (float)(pIn[i] / 2147483648.0);
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_f64_to_f32(float* pOut, const double* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = (float)pIn[i];
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_alaw_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = drwav__alaw_to_s16(pIn[i]) / 32768.0f;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_mulaw_to_f32(float* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = drwav__mulaw_to_s16(pIn[i]) / 32768.0f;
    }
}
static void drwav__pcm_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t totalSampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
{
    unsigned int i;
    if (bytesPerSample == 1) {
        drwav_u8_to_s32(pOut, pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 2) {
        drwav_s16_to_s32(pOut, (const drwav_int16*)pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 3) {
        drwav_s24_to_s32(pOut, pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample == 4) {
        for (i = 0; i < totalSampleCount; ++i) {
           *pOut++ = ((const drwav_int32*)pIn)[i];
        }
        return;
    }
    if (bytesPerSample > 8) {
        DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pOut, totalSampleCount * sizeof(*pOut));
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < totalSampleCount; ++i) {
        drwav_uint64 sample = 0;
        unsigned int shift  = (8 - bytesPerSample) * 8;
        unsigned int j;
        for (j = 0; j < bytesPerSample; j += 1) {
            DRWAV_ASSERT(j < 8);
            sample |= (drwav_uint64)(pIn[j]) << shift;
            shift  += 8;
        }
        pIn += j;
        *pOut++ = (drwav_int32)((drwav_int64)sample >> 32);
    }
}
static void drwav__ieee_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t totalSampleCount, unsigned int bytesPerSample)
{
    if (bytesPerSample == 4) {
        drwav_f32_to_s32(pOut, (const float*)pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    } else if (bytesPerSample == 8) {
        drwav_f64_to_s32(pOut, (const double*)pIn, totalSampleCount);
        return;
    } else {
        DRWAV_ZERO_MEMORY(pOut, totalSampleCount * sizeof(*pOut));
        return;
    }
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__pcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame;
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM && pWav->bitsPerSample == 32) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav__pcm_to_s32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels), bytesPerFrame/pWav->channels);
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__msadpcm(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drwav_int16 samples16[2048];
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, drwav_countof(samples16)/pWav->channels), samples16);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_s16_to_s32(pBufferOut, samples16, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__ima(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drwav_int16 samples16[2048];
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, drwav_countof(samples16)/pWav->channels), samples16);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_s16_to_s32(pBufferOut, samples16, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__ieee(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav__ieee_to_s32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels), bytesPerFrame/pWav->channels);
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__alaw(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_alaw_to_s32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
static drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__mulaw(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 totalFramesRead;
    drwav_uint8 sampleData[4096];
    drwav_uint32 bytesPerFrame = drwav_get_bytes_per_pcm_frame(pWav);
    if (bytesPerFrame == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    totalFramesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, drwav_min(framesToRead, sizeof(sampleData)/bytesPerFrame), sampleData);
        if (framesRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        drwav_mulaw_to_s32(pBufferOut, sampleData, (size_t)(framesRead*pWav->channels));
        pBufferOut      += framesRead*pWav->channels;
        framesToRead    -= framesRead;
        totalFramesRead += framesRead;
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pWav == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames(pWav, framesToRead, NULL);
    }
    if (framesToRead * pWav->channels * sizeof(drwav_int32) > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        framesToRead = DRWAV_SIZE_MAX / sizeof(drwav_int32) / pWav->channels;
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__pcm(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ADPCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__msadpcm(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_IEEE_FLOAT) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__ieee(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_ALAW) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__alaw(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_MULAW) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__mulaw(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    if (pWav->translatedFormatTag == DR_WAVE_FORMAT_DVI_ADPCM) {
        return drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32__ima(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    }
    return 0;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32le(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL && drwav__is_little_endian() == DRWAV_FALSE) {
        drwav__bswap_samples_s32(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32be(drwav* pWav, drwav_uint64 framesToRead, drwav_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drwav_uint64 framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32(pWav, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
    if (pBufferOut != NULL && drwav__is_little_endian() == DRWAV_TRUE) {
        drwav__bswap_samples_s32(pBufferOut, framesRead*pWav->channels);
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_u8_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = ((int)pIn[i] - 128) << 24;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s16_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_int16* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = pIn[i] << 16;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_s24_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        unsigned int s0 = pIn[i*3 + 0];
        unsigned int s1 = pIn[i*3 + 1];
        unsigned int s2 = pIn[i*3 + 2];
        drwav_int32 sample32 = (drwav_int32)((s0 << 8) | (s1 << 16) | (s2 << 24));
        *pOut++ = sample32;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_f32_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const float* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = (drwav_int32)(2147483648.0 * pIn[i]);
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_f64_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const double* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = (drwav_int32)(2147483648.0 * pIn[i]);
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_alaw_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = ((drwav_int32)drwav__alaw_to_s16(pIn[i])) << 16;
    }
}
DRWAV_API void drwav_mulaw_to_s32(drwav_int32* pOut, const drwav_uint8* pIn, size_t sampleCount)
{
    size_t i;
    if (pOut == NULL || pIn == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    for (i= 0; i < sampleCount; ++i) {
        *pOut++ = ((drwav_int32)drwav__mulaw_to_s16(pIn[i])) << 16;
    }
}
static drwav_int16* drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(drwav* pWav, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 sampleDataSize;
    drwav_int16* pSampleData;
    drwav_uint64 framesRead;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    sampleDataSize = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * pWav->channels * sizeof(drwav_int16);
    if (sampleDataSize > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    pSampleData = (drwav_int16*)drwav__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)sampleDataSize, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pSampleData == NULL) {
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s16(pWav, (size_t)pWav->totalPCMFrameCount, pSampleData);
    if (framesRead != pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
        drwav__free_from_callbacks(pSampleData, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    drwav_uninit(pWav);
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = pWav->sampleRate;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = pWav->channels;
    }
    if (totalFrameCount) {
        *totalFrameCount = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount;
    }
    return pSampleData;
}
static float* drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(drwav* pWav, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 sampleDataSize;
    float* pSampleData;
    drwav_uint64 framesRead;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    sampleDataSize = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * pWav->channels * sizeof(float);
    if (sampleDataSize > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    pSampleData = (float*)drwav__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)sampleDataSize, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pSampleData == NULL) {
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_f32(pWav, (size_t)pWav->totalPCMFrameCount, pSampleData);
    if (framesRead != pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
        drwav__free_from_callbacks(pSampleData, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    drwav_uninit(pWav);
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = pWav->sampleRate;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = pWav->channels;
    }
    if (totalFrameCount) {
        *totalFrameCount = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount;
    }
    return pSampleData;
}
static drwav_int32* drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(drwav* pWav, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCount)
{
    drwav_uint64 sampleDataSize;
    drwav_int32* pSampleData;
    drwav_uint64 framesRead;
    DRWAV_ASSERT(pWav != NULL);
    sampleDataSize = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount * pWav->channels * sizeof(drwav_int32);
    if (sampleDataSize > DRWAV_SIZE_MAX) {
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    pSampleData = (drwav_int32*)drwav__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)sampleDataSize, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
    if (pSampleData == NULL) {
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    framesRead = drwav_read_pcm_frames_s32(pWav, (size_t)pWav->totalPCMFrameCount, pSampleData);
    if (framesRead != pWav->totalPCMFrameCount) {
        drwav__free_from_callbacks(pSampleData, &pWav->allocationCallbacks);
        drwav_uninit(pWav);
        return NULL;
    }
    drwav_uninit(pWav);
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = pWav->sampleRate;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = pWav->channels;
    }
    if (totalFrameCount) {
        *totalFrameCount = pWav->totalPCMFrameCount;
    }
    return pSampleData;
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(drwav_read_proc onRead, drwav_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init(&wav, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
#ifndef DR_WAV_NO_STDIO
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_file(&wav, filename, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_file(&wav, filename, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_file(&wav, filename, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16_w(const wchar_t* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_file_w(&wav, filename, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32_w(const wchar_t* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_file_w(&wav, filename, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32_w(const wchar_t* filename, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_file_w(&wav, filename, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
#endif
DRWAV_API drwav_int16* drwav_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_memory(&wav, data, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s16(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API float* drwav_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_memory(&wav, data, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_f32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int32* drwav_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drwav_uint64* totalFrameCountOut, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drwav wav;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalFrameCountOut) {
        *totalFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    if (!drwav_init_memory(&wav, data, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drwav__read_pcm_frames_and_close_s32(&wav, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalFrameCountOut);
}
#endif
DRWAV_API void drwav_free(void* p, const drwav_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        drwav__free_from_callbacks(p, pAllocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        drwav__free_default(p, NULL);
    }
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint16 drwav_bytes_to_u16(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return drwav__bytes_to_u16(data);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int16 drwav_bytes_to_s16(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return drwav__bytes_to_s16(data);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint32 drwav_bytes_to_u32(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return drwav__bytes_to_u32(data);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int32 drwav_bytes_to_s32(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return drwav__bytes_to_s32(data);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_uint64 drwav_bytes_to_u64(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return drwav__bytes_to_u64(data);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_int64 drwav_bytes_to_s64(const drwav_uint8* data)
{
    return drwav__bytes_to_s64(data);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_guid_equal(const drwav_uint8 a[16], const drwav_uint8 b[16])
{
    return drwav__guid_equal(a, b);
}
DRWAV_API drwav_bool32 drwav_fourcc_equal(const drwav_uint8* a, const char* b)
{
    return drwav__fourcc_equal(a, b);
}
#endif
/* dr_wav_c end */
#endif  /* DRWAV_IMPLEMENTATION */
#endif  /* MA_NO_WAV */

#if !defined(MA_NO_FLAC) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
#if !defined(DR_FLAC_IMPLEMENTATION) && !defined(DRFLAC_IMPLEMENTATION) /* For backwards compatibility. Will be removed in version 0.11 for cleanliness. */
/* dr_flac_c begin */
#ifndef dr_flac_c
#define dr_flac_c
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    #pragma GCC diagnostic push
    #if __GNUC__ >= 7
    #pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
    #endif
#endif
#ifdef __linux__
    #ifndef _BSD_SOURCE
        #define _BSD_SOURCE
    #endif
    #ifndef __USE_BSD
        #define __USE_BSD
    #endif
    #include <endian.h>
#endif
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    #define DRFLAC_INLINE __forceinline
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define DRFLAC_INLINE __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline))
    #else
        #define DRFLAC_INLINE inline __attribute__((always_inline))
    #endif
#else
    #define DRFLAC_INLINE
#endif
#if defined(__x86_64__) || defined(_M_X64)
    #define DRFLAC_X64
#elif defined(__i386) || defined(_M_IX86)
    #define DRFLAC_X86
#elif defined(__arm__) || defined(_M_ARM)
    #define DRFLAC_ARM
#endif
#if !defined(DR_FLAC_NO_SIMD)
    #if defined(DRFLAC_X64) || defined(DRFLAC_X86)
        #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
            #if _MSC_VER >= 1400 && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE2)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2
            #endif
            #if _MSC_VER >= 1600 && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE41)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41
            #endif
        #else
            #if defined(__SSE2__) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE2)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2
            #endif
            #if defined(__SSE4_1__) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE41)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41
            #endif
        #endif
        #if !defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_include)
            #if !defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE2) && __has_include(<emmintrin.h>)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2
            #endif
            #if !defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE41) && __has_include(<smmintrin.h>)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41
            #endif
        #endif
        #if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41)
            #include <smmintrin.h>
        #elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
            #include <emmintrin.h>
        #endif
    #endif
    #if defined(DRFLAC_ARM)
        #if !defined(DRFLAC_NO_NEON) && (defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64))
            #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON
        #endif
        #if !defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__) && defined(__has_include)
            #if !defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_NEON) && __has_include(<arm_neon.h>)
                #define DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON
            #endif
        #endif
        #if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
            #include <arm_neon.h>
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#if !defined(DR_FLAC_NO_SIMD) && (defined(DRFLAC_X86) || defined(DRFLAC_X64))
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
        #if _MSC_VER >= 1400
            #include <intrin.h>
            static void drflac__cpuid(int info[4], int fid)
            {
                __cpuid(info, fid);
            }
        #else
            #define DRFLAC_NO_CPUID
        #endif
    #else
        #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
            static void drflac__cpuid(int info[4], int fid)
            {
                #if defined(DRFLAC_X86) && defined(__PIC__)
                    __asm__ __volatile__ (
                        "xchg{l} {%%}ebx, %k1;"
                        "cpuid;"
                        "xchg{l} {%%}ebx, %k1;"
                        : "=a"(info[0]), "=&r"(info[1]), "=c"(info[2]), "=d"(info[3]) : "a"(fid), "c"(0)
                    );
                #else
                    __asm__ __volatile__ (
                        "cpuid" : "=a"(info[0]), "=b"(info[1]), "=c"(info[2]), "=d"(info[3]) : "a"(fid), "c"(0)
                    );
                #endif
            }
        #else
            #define DRFLAC_NO_CPUID
        #endif
    #endif
#else
    #define DRFLAC_NO_CPUID
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac_has_sse2(void)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    #if (defined(DRFLAC_X64) || defined(DRFLAC_X86)) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE2)
        #if defined(DRFLAC_X64)
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        #elif (defined(_M_IX86_FP) && _M_IX86_FP == 2) || defined(__SSE2__)
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        #else
            #if defined(DRFLAC_NO_CPUID)
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            #else
                int info[4];
                drflac__cpuid(info, 1);
                return (info[3] & (1 << 26)) != 0;
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    #endif
#else
    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac_has_sse41(void)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41)
    #if (defined(DRFLAC_X64) || defined(DRFLAC_X86)) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_SSE41)
        #if defined(DRFLAC_X64)
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        #elif (defined(_M_IX86_FP) && _M_IX86_FP == 2) || defined(__SSE4_1__)
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        #else
            #if defined(DRFLAC_NO_CPUID)
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            #else
                int info[4];
                drflac__cpuid(info, 1);
                return (info[2] & (1 << 19)) != 0;
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    #endif
#else
    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
#endif
}
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1500 && (defined(DRFLAC_X86) || defined(DRFLAC_X64))
    #define DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC
#elif (defined(__GNUC__) && ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 7)))
    #define DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC
#elif defined(__clang__)
    #if defined(__has_builtin)
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_clzll) || __has_builtin(__builtin_clzl)
            #define DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC
        #endif
    #endif
#endif
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
    #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
#elif defined(__clang__)
    #if defined(__has_builtin)
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap16)
            #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
        #endif
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap32)
            #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
        #endif
        #if __has_builtin(__builtin_bswap64)
            #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
        #endif
    #endif
#elif defined(__GNUC__)
    #if ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 3))
        #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
        #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
    #endif
    #if ((__GNUC__ > 4) || (__GNUC__ == 4 && __GNUC_MINOR__ >= 8))
        #define DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #endif
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_ASSERT
#include <assert.h>
#define DRFLAC_ASSERT(expression)           assert(expression)
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_MALLOC
#define DRFLAC_MALLOC(sz)                   malloc((sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_REALLOC
#define DRFLAC_REALLOC(p, sz)               realloc((p), (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_FREE
#define DRFLAC_FREE(p)                      free((p))
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY
#define DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, sz)    memcpy((dst), (src), (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY
#define DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(p, sz)           memset((p), 0, (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_ZERO_OBJECT
#define DRFLAC_ZERO_OBJECT(p)               DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY((p), sizeof(*(p)))
#endif
#define DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE                     64
typedef drflac_int32 drflac_result;
#define DRFLAC_SUCCESS                                   0
#define DRFLAC_ERROR                                    -1
#define DRFLAC_INVALID_ARGS                             -2
#define DRFLAC_INVALID_OPERATION                        -3
#define DRFLAC_OUT_OF_MEMORY                            -4
#define DRFLAC_OUT_OF_RANGE                             -5
#define DRFLAC_ACCESS_DENIED                            -6
#define DRFLAC_DOES_NOT_EXIST                           -7
#define DRFLAC_ALREADY_EXISTS                           -8
#define DRFLAC_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES                      -9
#define DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE                             -10
#define DRFLAC_TOO_BIG                                  -11
#define DRFLAC_PATH_TOO_LONG                            -12
#define DRFLAC_NAME_TOO_LONG                            -13
#define DRFLAC_NOT_DIRECTORY                            -14
#define DRFLAC_IS_DIRECTORY                             -15
#define DRFLAC_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY                      -16
#define DRFLAC_END_OF_FILE                              -17
#define DRFLAC_NO_SPACE                                 -18
#define DRFLAC_BUSY                                     -19
#define DRFLAC_IO_ERROR                                 -20
#define DRFLAC_INTERRUPT                                -21
#define DRFLAC_UNAVAILABLE                              -22
#define DRFLAC_ALREADY_IN_USE                           -23
#define DRFLAC_BAD_ADDRESS                              -24
#define DRFLAC_BAD_SEEK                                 -25
#define DRFLAC_BAD_PIPE                                 -26
#define DRFLAC_DEADLOCK                                 -27
#define DRFLAC_TOO_MANY_LINKS                           -28
#define DRFLAC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED                          -29
#define DRFLAC_NO_MESSAGE                               -30
#define DRFLAC_BAD_MESSAGE                              -31
#define DRFLAC_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE                        -32
#define DRFLAC_INVALID_DATA                             -33
#define DRFLAC_TIMEOUT                                  -34
#define DRFLAC_NO_NETWORK                               -35
#define DRFLAC_NOT_UNIQUE                               -36
#define DRFLAC_NOT_SOCKET                               -37
#define DRFLAC_NO_ADDRESS                               -38
#define DRFLAC_BAD_PROTOCOL                             -39
#define DRFLAC_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE                     -40
#define DRFLAC_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED                   -41
#define DRFLAC_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED            -42
#define DRFLAC_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED             -43
#define DRFLAC_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED                     -44
#define DRFLAC_CONNECTION_RESET                         -45
#define DRFLAC_ALREADY_CONNECTED                        -46
#define DRFLAC_NOT_CONNECTED                            -47
#define DRFLAC_CONNECTION_REFUSED                       -48
#define DRFLAC_NO_HOST                                  -49
#define DRFLAC_IN_PROGRESS                              -50
#define DRFLAC_CANCELLED                                -51
#define DRFLAC_MEMORY_ALREADY_MAPPED                    -52
#define DRFLAC_AT_END                                   -53
#define DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH                             -128
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT                        0
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM                        1
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED                           8
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC                             32
#define DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED                        255
#define DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE  0
#define DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2 1
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT           0
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE             8
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE            9
#define DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE              10
#define drflac_align(x, a)                              ((((x) + (a) - 1) / (a)) * (a))
DRFLAC_API void drflac_version(drflac_uint32* pMajor, drflac_uint32* pMinor, drflac_uint32* pRevision)
{
    if (pMajor) {
        *pMajor = DRFLAC_VERSION_MAJOR;
    }
    if (pMinor) {
        *pMinor = DRFLAC_VERSION_MINOR;
    }
    if (pRevision) {
        *pRevision = DRFLAC_VERSION_REVISION;
    }
}
DRFLAC_API const char* drflac_version_string()
{
    return DRFLAC_VERSION_STRING;
}
#if defined(__has_feature)
    #if __has_feature(thread_sanitizer)
        #define DRFLAC_NO_THREAD_SANITIZE __attribute__((no_sanitize("thread")))
    #else
        #define DRFLAC_NO_THREAD_SANITIZE
    #endif
#else
    #define DRFLAC_NO_THREAD_SANITIZE
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC)
static drflac_bool32 drflac__gIsLZCNTSupported = DRFLAC_FALSE;
#endif
#ifndef DRFLAC_NO_CPUID
static drflac_bool32 drflac__gIsSSE2Supported  = DRFLAC_FALSE;
static drflac_bool32 drflac__gIsSSE41Supported = DRFLAC_FALSE;
DRFLAC_NO_THREAD_SANITIZE static void drflac__init_cpu_caps(void)
{
    static drflac_bool32 isCPUCapsInitialized = DRFLAC_FALSE;
    if (!isCPUCapsInitialized) {
#if defined(DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC)
        int info[4] = {0};
        drflac__cpuid(info, 0x80000001);
        drflac__gIsLZCNTSupported = (info[2] & (1 << 5)) != 0;
#endif
        drflac__gIsSSE2Supported = drflac_has_sse2();
        drflac__gIsSSE41Supported = drflac_has_sse41();
        isCPUCapsInitialized = DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
#else
static drflac_bool32 drflac__gIsNEONSupported  = DRFLAC_FALSE;
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__has_neon(void)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    #if defined(DRFLAC_ARM) && !defined(DRFLAC_NO_NEON)
        #if (defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__aarch64__) || defined(_M_ARM64))
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        #else
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        #endif
    #else
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    #endif
#else
    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
#endif
}
DRFLAC_NO_THREAD_SANITIZE static void drflac__init_cpu_caps(void)
{
    drflac__gIsNEONSupported = drflac__has_neon();
#if defined(DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC) && defined(DRFLAC_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 5)
    drflac__gIsLZCNTSupported = DRFLAC_TRUE;
#endif
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__is_little_endian(void)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_X86) || defined(DRFLAC_X64)
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
#elif defined(__BYTE_ORDER) && defined(__LITTLE_ENDIAN) && __BYTE_ORDER == __LITTLE_ENDIAN
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
#else
    int n = 1;
    return (*(char*)&n) == 1;
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac__swap_endian_uint16(drflac_uint16 n)
{
#ifdef DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP16_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_ushort(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        return __builtin_bswap16(n);
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF00) >> 8) |
           ((n & 0x00FF) << 8);
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__swap_endian_uint32(drflac_uint32 n)
{
#ifdef DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP32_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_ulong(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        #if defined(DRFLAC_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 6) && !defined(DRFLAC_64BIT)
            drflac_uint32 r;
            __asm__ __volatile__ (
            #if defined(DRFLAC_64BIT)
                "rev %w[out], %w[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(n)
            #else
                "rev %[out], %[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(n)
            #endif
            );
            return r;
        #else
            return __builtin_bswap32(n);
        #endif
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & 0xFF000000) >> 24) |
           ((n & 0x00FF0000) >>  8) |
           ((n & 0x0000FF00) <<  8) |
           ((n & 0x000000FF) << 24);
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint64 drflac__swap_endian_uint64(drflac_uint64 n)
{
#ifdef DRFLAC_HAS_BYTESWAP64_INTRINSIC
    #if defined(_MSC_VER)
        return _byteswap_uint64(n);
    #elif defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        return __builtin_bswap64(n);
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the byte swap intrinsic."
    #endif
#else
    return ((n & (drflac_uint64)0xFF00000000000000) >> 56) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x00FF000000000000) >> 40) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x0000FF0000000000) >> 24) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x000000FF00000000) >>  8) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x00000000FF000000) <<  8) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x0000000000FF0000) << 24) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x000000000000FF00) << 40) |
           ((n & (drflac_uint64)0x00000000000000FF) << 56);
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac__be2host_16(drflac_uint16 n)
{
    if (drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint16(n);
    }
    return n;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__be2host_32(drflac_uint32 n)
{
    if (drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint32(n);
    }
    return n;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint64 drflac__be2host_64(drflac_uint64 n)
{
    if (drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint64(n);
    }
    return n;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__le2host_32(drflac_uint32 n)
{
    if (!drflac__is_little_endian()) {
        return drflac__swap_endian_uint32(n);
    }
    return n;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__unsynchsafe_32(drflac_uint32 n)
{
    drflac_uint32 result = 0;
    result |= (n & 0x7F000000) >> 3;
    result |= (n & 0x007F0000) >> 2;
    result |= (n & 0x00007F00) >> 1;
    result |= (n & 0x0000007F) >> 0;
    return result;
}
static drflac_uint8 drflac__crc8_table[] = {
    0x00, 0x07, 0x0E, 0x09, 0x1C, 0x1B, 0x12, 0x15, 0x38, 0x3F, 0x36, 0x31, 0x24, 0x23, 0x2A, 0x2D,
    0x70, 0x77, 0x7E, 0x79, 0x6C, 0x6B, 0x62, 0x65, 0x48, 0x4F, 0x46, 0x41, 0x54, 0x53, 0x5A, 0x5D,
    0xE0, 0xE7, 0xEE, 0xE9, 0xFC, 0xFB, 0xF2, 0xF5, 0xD8, 0xDF, 0xD6, 0xD1, 0xC4, 0xC3, 0xCA, 0xCD,
    0x90, 0x97, 0x9E, 0x99, 0x8C, 0x8B, 0x82, 0x85, 0xA8, 0xAF, 0xA6, 0xA1, 0xB4, 0xB3, 0xBA, 0xBD,
    0xC7, 0xC0, 0xC9, 0xCE, 0xDB, 0xDC, 0xD5, 0xD2, 0xFF, 0xF8, 0xF1, 0xF6, 0xE3, 0xE4, 0xED, 0xEA,
    0xB7, 0xB0, 0xB9, 0xBE, 0xAB, 0xAC, 0xA5, 0xA2, 0x8F, 0x88, 0x81, 0x86, 0x93, 0x94, 0x9D, 0x9A,
    0x27, 0x20, 0x29, 0x2E, 0x3B, 0x3C, 0x35, 0x32, 0x1F, 0x18, 0x11, 0x16, 0x03, 0x04, 0x0D, 0x0A,
    0x57, 0x50, 0x59, 0x5E, 0x4B, 0x4C, 0x45, 0x42, 0x6F, 0x68, 0x61, 0x66, 0x73, 0x74, 0x7D, 0x7A,
    0x89, 0x8E, 0x87, 0x80, 0x95, 0x92, 0x9B, 0x9C, 0xB1, 0xB6, 0xBF, 0xB8, 0xAD, 0xAA, 0xA3, 0xA4,
    0xF9, 0xFE, 0xF7, 0xF0, 0xE5, 0xE2, 0xEB, 0xEC, 0xC1, 0xC6, 0xCF, 0xC8, 0xDD, 0xDA, 0xD3, 0xD4,
    0x69, 0x6E, 0x67, 0x60, 0x75, 0x72, 0x7B, 0x7C, 0x51, 0x56, 0x5F, 0x58, 0x4D, 0x4A, 0x43, 0x44,
    0x19, 0x1E, 0x17, 0x10, 0x05, 0x02, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x21, 0x26, 0x2F, 0x28, 0x3D, 0x3A, 0x33, 0x34,
    0x4E, 0x49, 0x40, 0x47, 0x52, 0x55, 0x5C, 0x5B, 0x76, 0x71, 0x78, 0x7F, 0x6A, 0x6D, 0x64, 0x63,
    0x3E, 0x39, 0x30, 0x37, 0x22, 0x25, 0x2C, 0x2B, 0x06, 0x01, 0x08, 0x0F, 0x1A, 0x1D, 0x14, 0x13,
    0xAE, 0xA9, 0xA0, 0xA7, 0xB2, 0xB5, 0xBC, 0xBB, 0x96, 0x91, 0x98, 0x9F, 0x8A, 0x8D, 0x84, 0x83,
    0xDE, 0xD9, 0xD0, 0xD7, 0xC2, 0xC5, 0xCC, 0xCB, 0xE6, 0xE1, 0xE8, 0xEF, 0xFA, 0xFD, 0xF4, 0xF3
};
static drflac_uint16 drflac__crc16_table[] = {
    0x0000, 0x8005, 0x800F, 0x000A, 0x801B, 0x001E, 0x0014, 0x8011,
    0x8033, 0x0036, 0x003C, 0x8039, 0x0028, 0x802D, 0x8027, 0x0022,
    0x8063, 0x0066, 0x006C, 0x8069, 0x0078, 0x807D, 0x8077, 0x0072,
    0x0050, 0x8055, 0x805F, 0x005A, 0x804B, 0x004E, 0x0044, 0x8041,
    0x80C3, 0x00C6, 0x00CC, 0x80C9, 0x00D8, 0x80DD, 0x80D7, 0x00D2,
    0x00F0, 0x80F5, 0x80FF, 0x00FA, 0x80EB, 0x00EE, 0x00E4, 0x80E1,
    0x00A0, 0x80A5, 0x80AF, 0x00AA, 0x80BB, 0x00BE, 0x00B4, 0x80B1,
    0x8093, 0x0096, 0x009C, 0x8099, 0x0088, 0x808D, 0x8087, 0x0082,
    0x8183, 0x0186, 0x018C, 0x8189, 0x0198, 0x819D, 0x8197, 0x0192,
    0x01B0, 0x81B5, 0x81BF, 0x01BA, 0x81AB, 0x01AE, 0x01A4, 0x81A1,
    0x01E0, 0x81E5, 0x81EF, 0x01EA, 0x81FB, 0x01FE, 0x01F4, 0x81F1,
    0x81D3, 0x01D6, 0x01DC, 0x81D9, 0x01C8, 0x81CD, 0x81C7, 0x01C2,
    0x0140, 0x8145, 0x814F, 0x014A, 0x815B, 0x015E, 0x0154, 0x8151,
    0x8173, 0x0176, 0x017C, 0x8179, 0x0168, 0x816D, 0x8167, 0x0162,
    0x8123, 0x0126, 0x012C, 0x8129, 0x0138, 0x813D, 0x8137, 0x0132,
    0x0110, 0x8115, 0x811F, 0x011A, 0x810B, 0x010E, 0x0104, 0x8101,
    0x8303, 0x0306, 0x030C, 0x8309, 0x0318, 0x831D, 0x8317, 0x0312,
    0x0330, 0x8335, 0x833F, 0x033A, 0x832B, 0x032E, 0x0324, 0x8321,
    0x0360, 0x8365, 0x836F, 0x036A, 0x837B, 0x037E, 0x0374, 0x8371,
    0x8353, 0x0356, 0x035C, 0x8359, 0x0348, 0x834D, 0x8347, 0x0342,
    0x03C0, 0x83C5, 0x83CF, 0x03CA, 0x83DB, 0x03DE, 0x03D4, 0x83D1,
    0x83F3, 0x03F6, 0x03FC, 0x83F9, 0x03E8, 0x83ED, 0x83E7, 0x03E2,
    0x83A3, 0x03A6, 0x03AC, 0x83A9, 0x03B8, 0x83BD, 0x83B7, 0x03B2,
    0x0390, 0x8395, 0x839F, 0x039A, 0x838B, 0x038E, 0x0384, 0x8381,
    0x0280, 0x8285, 0x828F, 0x028A, 0x829B, 0x029E, 0x0294, 0x8291,
    0x82B3, 0x02B6, 0x02BC, 0x82B9, 0x02A8, 0x82AD, 0x82A7, 0x02A2,
    0x82E3, 0x02E6, 0x02EC, 0x82E9, 0x02F8, 0x82FD, 0x82F7, 0x02F2,
    0x02D0, 0x82D5, 0x82DF, 0x02DA, 0x82CB, 0x02CE, 0x02C4, 0x82C1,
    0x8243, 0x0246, 0x024C, 0x8249, 0x0258, 0x825D, 0x8257, 0x0252,
    0x0270, 0x8275, 0x827F, 0x027A, 0x826B, 0x026E, 0x0264, 0x8261,
    0x0220, 0x8225, 0x822F, 0x022A, 0x823B, 0x023E, 0x0234, 0x8231,
    0x8213, 0x0216, 0x021C, 0x8219, 0x0208, 0x820D, 0x8207, 0x0202
};
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint8 drflac_crc8_byte(drflac_uint8 crc, drflac_uint8 data)
{
    return drflac__crc8_table[crc ^ data];
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint8 drflac_crc8(drflac_uint8 crc, drflac_uint32 data, drflac_uint32 count)
{
#ifdef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    (void)crc;
    (void)data;
    (void)count;
    return 0;
#else
#if 0
    drflac_uint8 p = 0x07;
    for (int i = count-1; i >= 0; --i) {
        drflac_uint8 bit = (data & (1 << i)) >> i;
        if (crc & 0x80) {
            crc = ((crc << 1) | bit) ^ p;
        } else {
            crc = ((crc << 1) | bit);
        }
    }
    return crc;
#else
    drflac_uint32 wholeBytes;
    drflac_uint32 leftoverBits;
    drflac_uint64 leftoverDataMask;
    static drflac_uint64 leftoverDataMaskTable[8] = {
        0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F
    };
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count <= 32);
    wholeBytes = count >> 3;
    leftoverBits = count - (wholeBytes*8);
    leftoverDataMask = leftoverDataMaskTable[leftoverBits];
    switch (wholeBytes) {
        case 4: crc = drflac_crc8_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0xFF000000UL << leftoverBits)) >> (24 + leftoverBits)));
        case 3: crc = drflac_crc8_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0x00FF0000UL << leftoverBits)) >> (16 + leftoverBits)));
        case 2: crc = drflac_crc8_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0x0000FF00UL << leftoverBits)) >> ( 8 + leftoverBits)));
        case 1: crc = drflac_crc8_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0x000000FFUL << leftoverBits)) >> ( 0 + leftoverBits)));
        case 0: if (leftoverBits > 0) crc = (drflac_uint8)((crc << leftoverBits) ^ drflac__crc8_table[(crc >> (8 - leftoverBits)) ^ (data & leftoverDataMask)]);
    }
    return crc;
#endif
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac_crc16_byte(drflac_uint16 crc, drflac_uint8 data)
{
    return (crc << 8) ^ drflac__crc16_table[(drflac_uint8)(crc >> 8) ^ data];
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac_crc16_cache(drflac_uint16 crc, drflac_cache_t data)
{
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 56) & 0xFF));
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 48) & 0xFF));
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 40) & 0xFF));
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 32) & 0xFF));
#endif
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 24) & 0xFF));
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 16) & 0xFF));
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >>  8) & 0xFF));
    crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >>  0) & 0xFF));
    return crc;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac_crc16_bytes(drflac_uint16 crc, drflac_cache_t data, drflac_uint32 byteCount)
{
    switch (byteCount)
    {
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
    case 8: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 56) & 0xFF));
    case 7: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 48) & 0xFF));
    case 6: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 40) & 0xFF));
    case 5: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 32) & 0xFF));
#endif
    case 4: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 24) & 0xFF));
    case 3: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 16) & 0xFF));
    case 2: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >>  8) & 0xFF));
    case 1: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data >>  0) & 0xFF));
    }
    return crc;
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac_crc16__32bit(drflac_uint16 crc, drflac_uint32 data, drflac_uint32 count)
{
#ifdef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    (void)crc;
    (void)data;
    (void)count;
    return 0;
#else
#if 0
    drflac_uint16 p = 0x8005;
    for (int i = count-1; i >= 0; --i) {
        drflac_uint16 bit = (data & (1ULL << i)) >> i;
        if (r & 0x8000) {
            r = ((r << 1) | bit) ^ p;
        } else {
            r = ((r << 1) | bit);
        }
    }
    return crc;
#else
    drflac_uint32 wholeBytes;
    drflac_uint32 leftoverBits;
    drflac_uint64 leftoverDataMask;
    static drflac_uint64 leftoverDataMaskTable[8] = {
        0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F
    };
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count <= 64);
    wholeBytes = count >> 3;
    leftoverBits = count & 7;
    leftoverDataMask = leftoverDataMaskTable[leftoverBits];
    switch (wholeBytes) {
        default:
        case 4: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0xFF000000UL << leftoverBits)) >> (24 + leftoverBits)));
        case 3: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0x00FF0000UL << leftoverBits)) >> (16 + leftoverBits)));
        case 2: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0x0000FF00UL << leftoverBits)) >> ( 8 + leftoverBits)));
        case 1: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (0x000000FFUL << leftoverBits)) >> ( 0 + leftoverBits)));
        case 0: if (leftoverBits > 0) crc = (crc << leftoverBits) ^ drflac__crc16_table[(crc >> (16 - leftoverBits)) ^ (data & leftoverDataMask)];
    }
    return crc;
#endif
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac_crc16__64bit(drflac_uint16 crc, drflac_uint64 data, drflac_uint32 count)
{
#ifdef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    (void)crc;
    (void)data;
    (void)count;
    return 0;
#else
    drflac_uint32 wholeBytes;
    drflac_uint32 leftoverBits;
    drflac_uint64 leftoverDataMask;
    static drflac_uint64 leftoverDataMaskTable[8] = {
        0x00, 0x01, 0x03, 0x07, 0x0F, 0x1F, 0x3F, 0x7F
    };
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count <= 64);
    wholeBytes = count >> 3;
    leftoverBits = count & 7;
    leftoverDataMask = leftoverDataMaskTable[leftoverBits];
    switch (wholeBytes) {
        default:
        case 8: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0xFF000000 << 32) << leftoverBits)) >> (56 + leftoverBits)));
        case 7: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0x00FF0000 << 32) << leftoverBits)) >> (48 + leftoverBits)));
        case 6: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0x0000FF00 << 32) << leftoverBits)) >> (40 + leftoverBits)));
        case 5: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0x000000FF << 32) << leftoverBits)) >> (32 + leftoverBits)));
        case 4: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0xFF000000      ) << leftoverBits)) >> (24 + leftoverBits)));
        case 3: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0x00FF0000      ) << leftoverBits)) >> (16 + leftoverBits)));
        case 2: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0x0000FF00      ) << leftoverBits)) >> ( 8 + leftoverBits)));
        case 1: crc = drflac_crc16_byte(crc, (drflac_uint8)((data & (((drflac_uint64)0x000000FF      ) << leftoverBits)) >> ( 0 + leftoverBits)));
        case 0: if (leftoverBits > 0) crc = (crc << leftoverBits) ^ drflac__crc16_table[(crc >> (16 - leftoverBits)) ^ (data & leftoverDataMask)];
    }
    return crc;
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac_crc16(drflac_uint16 crc, drflac_cache_t data, drflac_uint32 count)
{
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
    return drflac_crc16__64bit(crc, data, count);
#else
    return drflac_crc16__32bit(crc, data, count);
#endif
}
#endif
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
#define drflac__be2host__cache_line drflac__be2host_64
#else
#define drflac__be2host__cache_line drflac__be2host_32
#endif
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs)                      (sizeof((bs)->cache))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)                       (sizeof((bs)->cache)*8)
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)                  (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - (bs)->consumedBits)
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(_bitCount)           (~((~(drflac_cache_t)0) >> (_bitCount)))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT(bs, _bitCount)      (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - (_bitCount))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT(bs, _bitCount)               (((bs)->cache) & DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(_bitCount))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, _bitCount)     (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT((bs), (_bitCount)) >>  DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT((bs), (_bitCount)))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT_SAFE(bs, _bitCount)(DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT((bs), (_bitCount)) >> (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT((bs), (_bitCount)) & (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)-1)))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs)                      (sizeof((bs)->cacheL2))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)                      (DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs) / sizeof((bs)->cacheL2[0]))
#define DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINES_REMAINING(bs)                 (DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs) - (bs)->nextL2Line)
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__reset_crc16(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    bs->crc16 = 0;
    bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes = bs->consumedBits >> 3;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__update_crc16(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    if (bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes == 0) {
        bs->crc16 = drflac_crc16_cache(bs->crc16, bs->crc16Cache);
    } else {
        bs->crc16 = drflac_crc16_bytes(bs->crc16, bs->crc16Cache, DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs) - bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes);
        bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes = 0;
    }
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint16 drflac__flush_crc16(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT((DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs) & 7) == 0);
    if (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs) == 0) {
        drflac__update_crc16(bs);
    } else {
        bs->crc16 = drflac_crc16_bytes(bs->crc16, bs->crc16Cache >> DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs), (bs->consumedBits >> 3) - bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes);
        bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes = bs->consumedBits >> 3;
    }
    return bs->crc16;
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__reload_l1_cache_from_l2(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    size_t bytesRead;
    size_t alignedL1LineCount;
    if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
        bs->cache = bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++];
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
    if (bs->unalignedByteCount > 0) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    bytesRead = bs->onRead(bs->pUserData, bs->cacheL2, DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs));
    bs->nextL2Line = 0;
    if (bytesRead == DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_SIZE_BYTES(bs)) {
        bs->cache = bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++];
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
    alignedL1LineCount = bytesRead / DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs);
    bs->unalignedByteCount = bytesRead - (alignedL1LineCount * DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs));
    if (bs->unalignedByteCount > 0) {
        bs->unalignedCache = bs->cacheL2[alignedL1LineCount];
    }
    if (alignedL1LineCount > 0) {
        size_t offset = DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs) - alignedL1LineCount;
        size_t i;
        for (i = alignedL1LineCount; i > 0; --i) {
            bs->cacheL2[i-1 + offset] = bs->cacheL2[i-1];
        }
        bs->nextL2Line = (drflac_uint32)offset;
        bs->cache = bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++];
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    } else {
        bs->nextL2Line = DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs);
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__reload_cache(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    size_t bytesRead;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    drflac__update_crc16(bs);
#endif
    if (drflac__reload_l1_cache_from_l2(bs)) {
        bs->cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cache);
        bs->consumedBits = 0;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
        bs->crc16Cache = bs->cache;
#endif
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
    bytesRead = bs->unalignedByteCount;
    if (bytesRead == 0) {
        bs->consumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bytesRead < DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs));
    bs->consumedBits = (drflac_uint32)(DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BYTES(bs) - bytesRead) * 8;
    bs->cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->unalignedCache);
    bs->cache &= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs));
    bs->unalignedByteCount = 0;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    bs->crc16Cache = bs->cache >> bs->consumedBits;
    bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes = bs->consumedBits >> 3;
#endif
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static void drflac__reset_cache(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    bs->nextL2Line   = DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs);
    bs->consumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
    bs->cache = 0;
    bs->unalignedByteCount = 0;
    bs->unalignedCache = 0;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    bs->crc16Cache = 0;
    bs->crc16CacheIgnoredBytes = 0;
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__read_uint32(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_uint32* pResultOut)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pResultOut != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 32);
    if (bs->consumedBits == DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)) {
        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (bitCount <= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)) {
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
        *pResultOut = (drflac_uint32)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCount);
        bs->consumedBits += bitCount;
        bs->cache <<= bitCount;
#else
        if (bitCount < DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)) {
            *pResultOut = (drflac_uint32)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCount);
            bs->consumedBits += bitCount;
            bs->cache <<= bitCount;
        } else {
            *pResultOut = (drflac_uint32)bs->cache;
            bs->consumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
            bs->cache = 0;
        }
#endif
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    } else {
        drflac_uint32 bitCountHi = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        drflac_uint32 bitCountLo = bitCount - bitCountHi;
        drflac_uint32 resultHi;
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCountHi > 0);
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCountHi < 32);
        resultHi = (drflac_uint32)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCountHi);
        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        *pResultOut = (resultHi << bitCountLo) | (drflac_uint32)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, bitCountLo);
        bs->consumedBits += bitCountLo;
        bs->cache <<= bitCountLo;
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_int32(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_int32* pResult)
{
    drflac_uint32 result;
    drflac_uint32 signbit;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pResult != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 32);
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    signbit = ((result >> (bitCount-1)) & 0x01);
    result |= (~signbit + 1) << bitCount;
    *pResult = (drflac_int32)result;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_uint64(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_uint64* pResultOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 resultHi;
    drflac_uint32 resultLo;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 64);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount >  32);
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount - 32, &resultHi)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 32, &resultLo)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    *pResultOut = (((drflac_uint64)resultHi) << 32) | ((drflac_uint64)resultLo);
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
#if 0
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_int64(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_int64* pResultOut)
{
    drflac_uint64 result;
    drflac_uint64 signbit;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 64);
    if (!drflac__read_uint64(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    signbit = ((result >> (bitCount-1)) & 0x01);
    result |= (~signbit + 1) << bitCount;
    *pResultOut = (drflac_int64)result;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_uint16(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_uint16* pResult)
{
    drflac_uint32 result;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pResult != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 16);
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    *pResult = (drflac_uint16)result;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#if 0
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_int16(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_int16* pResult)
{
    drflac_int32 result;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pResult != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 16);
    if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    *pResult = (drflac_int16)result;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_uint8(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_uint8* pResult)
{
    drflac_uint32 result;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pResult != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 8);
    if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    *pResult = (drflac_uint8)result;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_int8(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int bitCount, drflac_int8* pResult)
{
    drflac_int32 result;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pResult != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitCount <= 8);
    if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitCount, &result)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    *pResult = (drflac_int8)result;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_bits(drflac_bs* bs, size_t bitsToSeek)
{
    if (bitsToSeek <= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)) {
        bs->consumedBits += (drflac_uint32)bitsToSeek;
        bs->cache <<= bitsToSeek;
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    } else {
        bitsToSeek       -= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        bs->consumedBits += DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        bs->cache         = 0;
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
        while (bitsToSeek >= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)) {
            drflac_uint64 bin;
            if (!drflac__read_uint64(bs, DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs), &bin)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            bitsToSeek -= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
        }
#else
        while (bitsToSeek >= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)) {
            drflac_uint32 bin;
            if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs), &bin)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            bitsToSeek -= DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
        }
#endif
        while (bitsToSeek >= 8) {
            drflac_uint8 bin;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, &bin)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            bitsToSeek -= 8;
        }
        if (bitsToSeek > 0) {
            drflac_uint8 bin;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, (drflac_uint32)bitsToSeek, &bin)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            bitsToSeek = 0;
        }
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(bitsToSeek == 0);
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__find_and_seek_to_next_sync_code(drflac_bs* bs)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs) & 7)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint8 hi;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
        drflac__reset_crc16(bs);
#endif
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, &hi)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (hi == 0xFF) {
            drflac_uint8 lo;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 6, &lo)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (lo == 0x3E) {
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            } else {
                if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs) & 7)) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC)
#define DRFLAC_IMPLEMENT_CLZ_LZCNT
#endif
#if  defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400 && (defined(DRFLAC_X64) || defined(DRFLAC_X86))
#define DRFLAC_IMPLEMENT_CLZ_MSVC
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__clz_software(drflac_cache_t x)
{
    drflac_uint32 n;
    static drflac_uint32 clz_table_4[] = {
        0,
        4,
        3, 3,
        2, 2, 2, 2,
        1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
    };
    if (x == 0) {
        return sizeof(x)*8;
    }
    n = clz_table_4[x >> (sizeof(x)*8 - 4)];
    if (n == 0) {
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
        if ((x & ((drflac_uint64)0xFFFFFFFF << 32)) == 0) { n  = 32; x <<= 32; }
        if ((x & ((drflac_uint64)0xFFFF0000 << 32)) == 0) { n += 16; x <<= 16; }
        if ((x & ((drflac_uint64)0xFF000000 << 32)) == 0) { n += 8;  x <<= 8;  }
        if ((x & ((drflac_uint64)0xF0000000 << 32)) == 0) { n += 4;  x <<= 4;  }
#else
        if ((x & 0xFFFF0000) == 0) { n  = 16; x <<= 16; }
        if ((x & 0xFF000000) == 0) { n += 8;  x <<= 8;  }
        if ((x & 0xF0000000) == 0) { n += 4;  x <<= 4;  }
#endif
        n += clz_table_4[x >> (sizeof(x)*8 - 4)];
    }
    return n - 1;
}
#ifdef DRFLAC_IMPLEMENT_CLZ_LZCNT
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__is_lzcnt_supported(void)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC) && defined(DRFLAC_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 5)
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
#else
    #ifdef DRFLAC_HAS_LZCNT_INTRINSIC
        return drflac__gIsLZCNTSupported;
    #else
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    #endif
#endif
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__clz_lzcnt(drflac_cache_t x)
{
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
    #ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
        return (drflac_uint32)__lzcnt64(x);
    #else
        return (drflac_uint32)__lzcnt(x);
    #endif
#else
    #if defined(__GNUC__) || defined(__clang__)
        #if defined(DRFLAC_X64)
            {
                drflac_uint64 r;
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                    "lzcnt{ %1, %0| %0, %1}" : "=r"(r) : "r"(x)
                );
                return (drflac_uint32)r;
            }
        #elif defined(DRFLAC_X86)
            {
                drflac_uint32 r;
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                    "lzcnt{l %1, %0| %0, %1}" : "=r"(r) : "r"(x)
                );
                return r;
            }
        #elif defined(DRFLAC_ARM) && (defined(__ARM_ARCH) && __ARM_ARCH >= 5) && !defined(DRFLAC_64BIT)
            {
                unsigned int r;
                __asm__ __volatile__ (
                #if defined(DRFLAC_64BIT)
                    "clz %w[out], %w[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(x)
                #else
                    "clz %[out], %[in]" : [out]"=r"(r) : [in]"r"(x)
                #endif
                );
                return r;
            }
        #else
            if (x == 0) {
                return sizeof(x)*8;
            }
            #ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
                return (drflac_uint32)__builtin_clzll((drflac_uint64)x);
            #else
                return (drflac_uint32)__builtin_clzl((drflac_uint32)x);
            #endif
        #endif
    #else
        #error "This compiler does not support the lzcnt intrinsic."
    #endif
#endif
}
#endif
#ifdef DRFLAC_IMPLEMENT_CLZ_MSVC
#include <intrin.h>
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__clz_msvc(drflac_cache_t x)
{
    drflac_uint32 n;
    if (x == 0) {
        return sizeof(x)*8;
    }
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
    _BitScanReverse64((unsigned long*)&n, x);
#else
    _BitScanReverse((unsigned long*)&n, x);
#endif
    return sizeof(x)*8 - n - 1;
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac__clz(drflac_cache_t x)
{
#ifdef DRFLAC_IMPLEMENT_CLZ_LZCNT
    if (drflac__is_lzcnt_supported()) {
        return drflac__clz_lzcnt(x);
    } else
#endif
    {
#ifdef DRFLAC_IMPLEMENT_CLZ_MSVC
        return drflac__clz_msvc(x);
#else
        return drflac__clz_software(x);
#endif
    }
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_past_next_set_bit(drflac_bs* bs, unsigned int* pOffsetOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 zeroCounter = 0;
    drflac_uint32 setBitOffsetPlus1;
    while (bs->cache == 0) {
        zeroCounter += (drflac_uint32)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    setBitOffsetPlus1 = drflac__clz(bs->cache);
    setBitOffsetPlus1 += 1;
    bs->consumedBits += setBitOffsetPlus1;
    bs->cache <<= setBitOffsetPlus1;
    *pOffsetOut = zeroCounter + setBitOffsetPlus1 - 1;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_byte(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint64 offsetFromStart)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(offsetFromStart > 0);
    if (offsetFromStart > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
        drflac_uint64 bytesRemaining = offsetFromStart;
        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        bytesRemaining -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        while (bytesRemaining > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            bytesRemaining -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        }
        if (bytesRemaining > 0) {
            if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)bytesRemaining, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
    } else {
        if (!bs->onSeek(bs->pUserData, (int)offsetFromStart, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    drflac__reset_cache(bs);
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_result drflac__read_utf8_coded_number(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint64* pNumberOut, drflac_uint8* pCRCOut)
{
    drflac_uint8 crc;
    drflac_uint64 result;
    drflac_uint8 utf8[7] = {0};
    int byteCount;
    int i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pNumberOut != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pCRCOut != NULL);
    crc = *pCRCOut;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, utf8)) {
        *pNumberOut = 0;
        return DRFLAC_AT_END;
    }
    crc = drflac_crc8(crc, utf8[0], 8);
    if ((utf8[0] & 0x80) == 0) {
        *pNumberOut = utf8[0];
        *pCRCOut = crc;
        return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
    }
    if ((utf8[0] & 0xE0) == 0xC0) {
        byteCount = 2;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xF0) == 0xE0) {
        byteCount = 3;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xF8) == 0xF0) {
        byteCount = 4;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xFC) == 0xF8) {
        byteCount = 5;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xFE) == 0xFC) {
        byteCount = 6;
    } else if ((utf8[0] & 0xFF) == 0xFE) {
        byteCount = 7;
    } else {
        *pNumberOut = 0;
        return DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH;
    }
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(byteCount > 1);
    result = (drflac_uint64)(utf8[0] & (0xFF >> (byteCount + 1)));
    for (i = 1; i < byteCount; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, utf8 + i)) {
            *pNumberOut = 0;
            return DRFLAC_AT_END;
        }
        crc = drflac_crc8(crc, utf8[i], 8);
        result = (result << 6) | (utf8[i] & 0x3F);
    }
    *pNumberOut = result;
    *pCRCOut = crc;
    return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_int32 drflac__calculate_prediction_32(drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_int32 prediction = 0;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(order <= 32);
    switch (order)
    {
    case 32: prediction += coefficients[31] * pDecodedSamples[-32];
    case 31: prediction += coefficients[30] * pDecodedSamples[-31];
    case 30: prediction += coefficients[29] * pDecodedSamples[-30];
    case 29: prediction += coefficients[28] * pDecodedSamples[-29];
    case 28: prediction += coefficients[27] * pDecodedSamples[-28];
    case 27: prediction += coefficients[26] * pDecodedSamples[-27];
    case 26: prediction += coefficients[25] * pDecodedSamples[-26];
    case 25: prediction += coefficients[24] * pDecodedSamples[-25];
    case 24: prediction += coefficients[23] * pDecodedSamples[-24];
    case 23: prediction += coefficients[22] * pDecodedSamples[-23];
    case 22: prediction += coefficients[21] * pDecodedSamples[-22];
    case 21: prediction += coefficients[20] * pDecodedSamples[-21];
    case 20: prediction += coefficients[19] * pDecodedSamples[-20];
    case 19: prediction += coefficients[18] * pDecodedSamples[-19];
    case 18: prediction += coefficients[17] * pDecodedSamples[-18];
    case 17: prediction += coefficients[16] * pDecodedSamples[-17];
    case 16: prediction += coefficients[15] * pDecodedSamples[-16];
    case 15: prediction += coefficients[14] * pDecodedSamples[-15];
    case 14: prediction += coefficients[13] * pDecodedSamples[-14];
    case 13: prediction += coefficients[12] * pDecodedSamples[-13];
    case 12: prediction += coefficients[11] * pDecodedSamples[-12];
    case 11: prediction += coefficients[10] * pDecodedSamples[-11];
    case 10: prediction += coefficients[ 9] * pDecodedSamples[-10];
    case  9: prediction += coefficients[ 8] * pDecodedSamples[- 9];
    case  8: prediction += coefficients[ 7] * pDecodedSamples[- 8];
    case  7: prediction += coefficients[ 6] * pDecodedSamples[- 7];
    case  6: prediction += coefficients[ 5] * pDecodedSamples[- 6];
    case  5: prediction += coefficients[ 4] * pDecodedSamples[- 5];
    case  4: prediction += coefficients[ 3] * pDecodedSamples[- 4];
    case  3: prediction += coefficients[ 2] * pDecodedSamples[- 3];
    case  2: prediction += coefficients[ 1] * pDecodedSamples[- 2];
    case  1: prediction += coefficients[ 0] * pDecodedSamples[- 1];
    }
    return (drflac_int32)(prediction >> shift);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_int32 drflac__calculate_prediction_64(drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_int64 prediction;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(order <= 32);
#ifndef DRFLAC_64BIT
    if (order == 8)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-8];
    }
    else if (order == 7)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-7];
    }
    else if (order == 3)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
    }
    else if (order == 6)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
    }
    else if (order == 5)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
    }
    else if (order == 4)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
    }
    else if (order == 12)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-9];
        prediction += coefficients[9]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-10];
        prediction += coefficients[10] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-11];
        prediction += coefficients[11] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-12];
    }
    else if (order == 2)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
    }
    else if (order == 1)
    {
        prediction = coefficients[0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
    }
    else if (order == 10)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-9];
        prediction += coefficients[9]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-10];
    }
    else if (order == 9)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-9];
    }
    else if (order == 11)
    {
        prediction  = coefficients[0]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-1];
        prediction += coefficients[1]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-2];
        prediction += coefficients[2]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-3];
        prediction += coefficients[3]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-4];
        prediction += coefficients[4]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-5];
        prediction += coefficients[5]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-6];
        prediction += coefficients[6]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-7];
        prediction += coefficients[7]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-8];
        prediction += coefficients[8]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-9];
        prediction += coefficients[9]  * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-10];
        prediction += coefficients[10] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-11];
    }
    else
    {
        int j;
        prediction = 0;
        for (j = 0; j < (int)order; ++j) {
            prediction += coefficients[j] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-j-1];
        }
    }
#endif
#ifdef DRFLAC_64BIT
    prediction = 0;
    switch (order)
    {
    case 32: prediction += coefficients[31] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-32];
    case 31: prediction += coefficients[30] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-31];
    case 30: prediction += coefficients[29] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-30];
    case 29: prediction += coefficients[28] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-29];
    case 28: prediction += coefficients[27] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-28];
    case 27: prediction += coefficients[26] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-27];
    case 26: prediction += coefficients[25] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-26];
    case 25: prediction += coefficients[24] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-25];
    case 24: prediction += coefficients[23] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-24];
    case 23: prediction += coefficients[22] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-23];
    case 22: prediction += coefficients[21] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-22];
    case 21: prediction += coefficients[20] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-21];
    case 20: prediction += coefficients[19] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-20];
    case 19: prediction += coefficients[18] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-19];
    case 18: prediction += coefficients[17] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-18];
    case 17: prediction += coefficients[16] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-17];
    case 16: prediction += coefficients[15] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-16];
    case 15: prediction += coefficients[14] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-15];
    case 14: prediction += coefficients[13] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-14];
    case 13: prediction += coefficients[12] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-13];
    case 12: prediction += coefficients[11] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-12];
    case 11: prediction += coefficients[10] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-11];
    case 10: prediction += coefficients[ 9] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[-10];
    case  9: prediction += coefficients[ 8] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 9];
    case  8: prediction += coefficients[ 7] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 8];
    case  7: prediction += coefficients[ 6] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 7];
    case  6: prediction += coefficients[ 5] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 6];
    case  5: prediction += coefficients[ 4] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 5];
    case  4: prediction += coefficients[ 3] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 4];
    case  3: prediction += coefficients[ 2] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 3];
    case  2: prediction += coefficients[ 1] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 2];
    case  1: prediction += coefficients[ 0] * (drflac_int64)pDecodedSamples[- 1];
    }
#endif
    return (drflac_int32)(prediction >> shift);
}
#if 0
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__reference(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pSamplesOut != NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 zeroCounter = 0;
        for (;;) {
            drflac_uint8 bit;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &bit)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (bit == 0) {
                zeroCounter += 1;
            } else {
                break;
            }
        }
        drflac_uint32 decodedRice;
        if (riceParam > 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, riceParam, &decodedRice)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            decodedRice = 0;
        }
        decodedRice |= (zeroCounter << riceParam);
        if ((decodedRice & 0x01)) {
            decodedRice = ~(decodedRice >> 1);
        } else {
            decodedRice =  (decodedRice >> 1);
        }
        if (bitsPerSample+shift >= 32) {
            pSamplesOut[i] = decodedRice + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i);
        } else {
            pSamplesOut[i] = decodedRice + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i);
        }
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
#if 0
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_rice_parts__reference(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32* pZeroCounterOut, drflac_uint32* pRiceParamPartOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 zeroCounter = 0;
    drflac_uint32 decodedRice;
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint8 bit;
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &bit)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (bit == 0) {
            zeroCounter += 1;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (riceParam > 0) {
        if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, riceParam, &decodedRice)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    } else {
        decodedRice = 0;
    }
    *pZeroCounterOut = zeroCounter;
    *pRiceParamPartOut = decodedRice;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__read_rice_parts(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32* pZeroCounterOut, drflac_uint32* pRiceParamPartOut)
{
    drflac_cache_t riceParamMask;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCounter;
    drflac_uint32 setBitOffsetPlus1;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamPart;
    drflac_uint32 riceLength;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(riceParam > 0);
    riceParamMask = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_MASK(riceParam);
    zeroCounter = 0;
    while (bs->cache == 0) {
        zeroCounter += (drflac_uint32)DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs);
        if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    setBitOffsetPlus1 = drflac__clz(bs->cache);
    zeroCounter += setBitOffsetPlus1;
    setBitOffsetPlus1 += 1;
    riceLength = setBitOffsetPlus1 + riceParam;
    if (riceLength < DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(bs)) {
        riceParamPart = (drflac_uint32)((bs->cache & (riceParamMask >> setBitOffsetPlus1)) >> DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT(bs, riceLength));
        bs->consumedBits += riceLength;
        bs->cache <<= riceLength;
    } else {
        drflac_uint32 bitCountLo;
        drflac_cache_t resultHi;
        bs->consumedBits += riceLength;
        bs->cache <<= setBitOffsetPlus1 & (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs)-1);
        bitCountLo = bs->consumedBits - DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs);
        resultHi = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT(bs, riceParam);
        if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
            drflac__update_crc16(bs);
#endif
            bs->cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++]);
            bs->consumedBits = 0;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
            bs->crc16Cache = bs->cache;
#endif
        } else {
            if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
        riceParamPart = (drflac_uint32)(resultHi | DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECT_AND_SHIFT_SAFE(bs, bitCountLo));
        bs->consumedBits += bitCountLo;
        bs->cache <<= bitCountLo;
    }
    pZeroCounterOut[0] = zeroCounter;
    pRiceParamPartOut[0] = riceParamPart;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32* pZeroCounterOut, drflac_uint32* pRiceParamPartOut)
{
    drflac_uint32  riceParamPlus1 = riceParam + 1;
    drflac_uint32  riceParamPlus1Shift = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT(bs, riceParamPlus1);
    drflac_uint32  riceParamPlus1MaxConsumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - riceParamPlus1;
    drflac_cache_t bs_cache = bs->cache;
    drflac_uint32  bs_consumedBits = bs->consumedBits;
    drflac_uint32  lzcount = drflac__clz(bs_cache);
    if (lzcount < sizeof(bs_cache)*8) {
        pZeroCounterOut[0] = lzcount;
    extract_rice_param_part:
        bs_cache       <<= lzcount;
        bs_consumedBits += lzcount;
        if (bs_consumedBits <= riceParamPlus1MaxConsumedBits) {
            pRiceParamPartOut[0] = (drflac_uint32)(bs_cache >> riceParamPlus1Shift);
            bs_cache       <<= riceParamPlus1;
            bs_consumedBits += riceParamPlus1;
        } else {
            drflac_uint32 riceParamPartHi;
            drflac_uint32 riceParamPartLo;
            drflac_uint32 riceParamPartLoBitCount;
            riceParamPartHi = (drflac_uint32)(bs_cache >> riceParamPlus1Shift);
            riceParamPartLoBitCount = bs_consumedBits - riceParamPlus1MaxConsumedBits;
            DRFLAC_ASSERT(riceParamPartLoBitCount > 0 && riceParamPartLoBitCount < 32);
            if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                drflac__update_crc16(bs);
            #endif
                bs_cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++]);
                bs_consumedBits = riceParamPartLoBitCount;
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                bs->crc16Cache = bs_cache;
            #endif
            } else {
                if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                bs_cache = bs->cache;
                bs_consumedBits = bs->consumedBits + riceParamPartLoBitCount;
            }
            riceParamPartLo = (drflac_uint32)(bs_cache >> (DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SELECTION_SHIFT(bs, riceParamPartLoBitCount)));
            pRiceParamPartOut[0] = riceParamPartHi | riceParamPartLo;
            bs_cache <<= riceParamPartLoBitCount;
        }
    } else {
        drflac_uint32 zeroCounter = (drflac_uint32)(DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - bs_consumedBits);
        for (;;) {
            if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                drflac__update_crc16(bs);
            #endif
                bs_cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++]);
                bs_consumedBits = 0;
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                bs->crc16Cache = bs_cache;
            #endif
            } else {
                if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                bs_cache = bs->cache;
                bs_consumedBits = bs->consumedBits;
            }
            lzcount = drflac__clz(bs_cache);
            zeroCounter += lzcount;
            if (lzcount < sizeof(bs_cache)*8) {
                break;
            }
        }
        pZeroCounterOut[0] = zeroCounter;
        goto extract_rice_param_part;
    }
    bs->cache = bs_cache;
    bs->consumedBits = bs_consumedBits;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_rice_parts(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint8 riceParam)
{
    drflac_uint32  riceParamPlus1 = riceParam + 1;
    drflac_uint32  riceParamPlus1MaxConsumedBits = DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_SIZE_BITS(bs) - riceParamPlus1;
    drflac_cache_t bs_cache = bs->cache;
    drflac_uint32  bs_consumedBits = bs->consumedBits;
    drflac_uint32  lzcount = drflac__clz(bs_cache);
    if (lzcount < sizeof(bs_cache)*8) {
    extract_rice_param_part:
        bs_cache       <<= lzcount;
        bs_consumedBits += lzcount;
        if (bs_consumedBits <= riceParamPlus1MaxConsumedBits) {
            bs_cache       <<= riceParamPlus1;
            bs_consumedBits += riceParamPlus1;
        } else {
            drflac_uint32 riceParamPartLoBitCount = bs_consumedBits - riceParamPlus1MaxConsumedBits;
            DRFLAC_ASSERT(riceParamPartLoBitCount > 0 && riceParamPartLoBitCount < 32);
            if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                drflac__update_crc16(bs);
            #endif
                bs_cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++]);
                bs_consumedBits = riceParamPartLoBitCount;
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                bs->crc16Cache = bs_cache;
            #endif
            } else {
                if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                bs_cache = bs->cache;
                bs_consumedBits = bs->consumedBits + riceParamPartLoBitCount;
            }
            bs_cache <<= riceParamPartLoBitCount;
        }
    } else {
        for (;;) {
            if (bs->nextL2Line < DRFLAC_CACHE_L2_LINE_COUNT(bs)) {
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                drflac__update_crc16(bs);
            #endif
                bs_cache = drflac__be2host__cache_line(bs->cacheL2[bs->nextL2Line++]);
                bs_consumedBits = 0;
            #ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
                bs->crc16Cache = bs_cache;
            #endif
            } else {
                if (!drflac__reload_cache(bs)) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                bs_cache = bs->cache;
                bs_consumedBits = bs->consumedBits;
            }
            lzcount = drflac__clz(bs_cache);
            if (lzcount < sizeof(bs_cache)*8) {
                break;
            }
        }
        goto extract_rice_param_part;
    }
    bs->cache = bs_cache;
    bs->consumedBits = bs_consumedBits;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__scalar_zeroorder(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 t[2] = {0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF};
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountPart0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamPart0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamMask;
    drflac_uint32 i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pSamplesOut != NULL);
    (void)bitsPerSample;
    (void)order;
    (void)shift;
    (void)coefficients;
    riceParamMask  = (drflac_uint32)~((~0UL) << riceParam);
    i = 0;
    while (i < count) {
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart0, &riceParamPart0)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        riceParamPart0 &= riceParamMask;
        riceParamPart0 |= (zeroCountPart0 << riceParam);
        riceParamPart0  = (riceParamPart0 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart0 & 0x01];
        pSamplesOut[i] = riceParamPart0;
        i += 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__scalar(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 t[2] = {0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF};
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountPart0 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountPart1 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountPart2 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountPart3 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamPart0 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamPart1 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamPart2 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamPart3 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamMask;
    const drflac_int32* pSamplesOutEnd;
    drflac_uint32 i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pSamplesOut != NULL);
    if (order == 0) {
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__scalar_zeroorder(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    }
    riceParamMask  = (drflac_uint32)~((~0UL) << riceParam);
    pSamplesOutEnd = pSamplesOut + (count & ~3);
    if (bitsPerSample+shift > 32) {
        while (pSamplesOut < pSamplesOutEnd) {
            if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart0, &riceParamPart0) ||
                !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart1, &riceParamPart1) ||
                !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart2, &riceParamPart2) ||
                !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart3, &riceParamPart3)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            riceParamPart0 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart1 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart2 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart3 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart0 |= (zeroCountPart0 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart1 |= (zeroCountPart1 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart2 |= (zeroCountPart2 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart3 |= (zeroCountPart3 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart0  = (riceParamPart0 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart0 & 0x01];
            riceParamPart1  = (riceParamPart1 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart1 & 0x01];
            riceParamPart2  = (riceParamPart2 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart2 & 0x01];
            riceParamPart3  = (riceParamPart3 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart3 & 0x01];
            pSamplesOut[0] = riceParamPart0 + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 0);
            pSamplesOut[1] = riceParamPart1 + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 1);
            pSamplesOut[2] = riceParamPart2 + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 2);
            pSamplesOut[3] = riceParamPart3 + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 3);
            pSamplesOut += 4;
        }
    } else {
        while (pSamplesOut < pSamplesOutEnd) {
            if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart0, &riceParamPart0) ||
                !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart1, &riceParamPart1) ||
                !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart2, &riceParamPart2) ||
                !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart3, &riceParamPart3)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            riceParamPart0 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart1 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart2 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart3 &= riceParamMask;
            riceParamPart0 |= (zeroCountPart0 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart1 |= (zeroCountPart1 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart2 |= (zeroCountPart2 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart3 |= (zeroCountPart3 << riceParam);
            riceParamPart0  = (riceParamPart0 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart0 & 0x01];
            riceParamPart1  = (riceParamPart1 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart1 & 0x01];
            riceParamPart2  = (riceParamPart2 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart2 & 0x01];
            riceParamPart3  = (riceParamPart3 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart3 & 0x01];
            pSamplesOut[0] = riceParamPart0 + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 0);
            pSamplesOut[1] = riceParamPart1 + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 1);
            pSamplesOut[2] = riceParamPart2 + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 2);
            pSamplesOut[3] = riceParamPart3 + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 3);
            pSamplesOut += 4;
        }
    }
    i = (count & ~3);
    while (i < count) {
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountPart0, &riceParamPart0)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        riceParamPart0 &= riceParamMask;
        riceParamPart0 |= (zeroCountPart0 << riceParam);
        riceParamPart0  = (riceParamPart0 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamPart0 & 0x01];
        if (bitsPerSample+shift > 32) {
            pSamplesOut[0] = riceParamPart0 + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 0);
        } else {
            pSamplesOut[0] = riceParamPart0 + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + 0);
        }
        i += 1;
        pSamplesOut += 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE __m128i drflac__mm_packs_interleaved_epi32(__m128i a, __m128i b)
{
    __m128i r;
    r = _mm_packs_epi32(a, b);
    r = _mm_shuffle_epi32(r, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 1, 2, 0));
    r = _mm_shufflehi_epi16(r, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 1, 2, 0));
    r = _mm_shufflelo_epi16(r, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 1, 2, 0));
    return r;
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41)
static DRFLAC_INLINE __m128i drflac__mm_not_si128(__m128i a)
{
    return _mm_xor_si128(a, _mm_cmpeq_epi32(_mm_setzero_si128(), _mm_setzero_si128()));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE __m128i drflac__mm_hadd_epi32(__m128i x)
{
    __m128i x64 = _mm_add_epi32(x, _mm_shuffle_epi32(x, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 0, 3, 2)));
    __m128i x32 = _mm_shufflelo_epi16(x64, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 0, 3, 2));
    return _mm_add_epi32(x64, x32);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE __m128i drflac__mm_hadd_epi64(__m128i x)
{
    return _mm_add_epi64(x, _mm_shuffle_epi32(x, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 0, 3, 2)));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE __m128i drflac__mm_srai_epi64(__m128i x, int count)
{
    __m128i lo = _mm_srli_epi64(x, count);
    __m128i hi = _mm_srai_epi32(x, count);
    hi = _mm_and_si128(hi, _mm_set_epi32(0xFFFFFFFF, 0, 0xFFFFFFFF, 0));
    return _mm_or_si128(lo, hi);
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__sse41_32(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    int i;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamMask;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples    = pSamplesOut;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamplesEnd = pSamplesOut + (count & ~3);
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts0 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts1 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts2 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts3 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts0 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts1 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts2 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts3 = 0;
    __m128i coefficients128_0;
    __m128i coefficients128_4;
    __m128i coefficients128_8;
    __m128i samples128_0;
    __m128i samples128_4;
    __m128i samples128_8;
    __m128i riceParamMask128;
    const drflac_uint32 t[2] = {0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF};
    riceParamMask    = (drflac_uint32)~((~0UL) << riceParam);
    riceParamMask128 = _mm_set1_epi32(riceParamMask);
    coefficients128_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
    coefficients128_4 = _mm_setzero_si128();
    coefficients128_8 = _mm_setzero_si128();
    samples128_0 = _mm_setzero_si128();
    samples128_4 = _mm_setzero_si128();
    samples128_8 = _mm_setzero_si128();
#if 1
    {
        int runningOrder = order;
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(coefficients + 0));
            samples128_0      = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(pSamplesOut  - 4));
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: coefficients128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(0, coefficients[2], coefficients[1], coefficients[0]); samples128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-1], pSamplesOut[-2], pSamplesOut[-3], 0); break;
                case 2: coefficients128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               coefficients[1], coefficients[0]); samples128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-1], pSamplesOut[-2], 0,               0); break;
                case 1: coefficients128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               0,               coefficients[0]); samples128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-1], 0,               0,               0); break;
            }
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_4 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(coefficients + 4));
            samples128_4      = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(pSamplesOut  - 8));
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: coefficients128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(0, coefficients[6], coefficients[5], coefficients[4]); samples128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-5], pSamplesOut[-6], pSamplesOut[-7], 0); break;
                case 2: coefficients128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               coefficients[5], coefficients[4]); samples128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-5], pSamplesOut[-6], 0,               0); break;
                case 1: coefficients128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               0,               coefficients[4]); samples128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-5], 0,               0,               0); break;
            }
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder == 4) {
            coefficients128_8 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(coefficients + 8));
            samples128_8      = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(pSamplesOut  - 12));
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: coefficients128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(0, coefficients[10], coefficients[9], coefficients[8]); samples128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-9], pSamplesOut[-10], pSamplesOut[-11], 0); break;
                case 2: coefficients128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,                coefficients[9], coefficients[8]); samples128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-9], pSamplesOut[-10], 0,                0); break;
                case 1: coefficients128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,                0,               coefficients[8]); samples128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-9], 0,                0,                0); break;
            }
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        coefficients128_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_0, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3));
        coefficients128_4 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_4, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3));
        coefficients128_8 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_8, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3));
    }
#else
    switch (order)
    {
    case 12: ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[0] = coefficients[11]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[0] = pDecodedSamples[-12];
    case 11: ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[1] = coefficients[10]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[1] = pDecodedSamples[-11];
    case 10: ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[2] = coefficients[ 9]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[2] = pDecodedSamples[-10];
    case 9:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[3] = coefficients[ 8]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[3] = pDecodedSamples[- 9];
    case 8:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[0] = coefficients[ 7]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[0] = pDecodedSamples[- 8];
    case 7:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[1] = coefficients[ 6]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[1] = pDecodedSamples[- 7];
    case 6:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[2] = coefficients[ 5]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[2] = pDecodedSamples[- 6];
    case 5:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[3] = coefficients[ 4]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[3] = pDecodedSamples[- 5];
    case 4:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[0] = coefficients[ 3]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[0] = pDecodedSamples[- 4];
    case 3:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[1] = coefficients[ 2]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[1] = pDecodedSamples[- 3];
    case 2:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[2] = coefficients[ 1]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[2] = pDecodedSamples[- 2];
    case 1:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[3] = coefficients[ 0]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[3] = pDecodedSamples[- 1];
    }
#endif
    while (pDecodedSamples < pDecodedSamplesEnd) {
        __m128i prediction128;
        __m128i zeroCountPart128;
        __m128i riceParamPart128;
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts0, &riceParamParts0) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts1, &riceParamParts1) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts2, &riceParamParts2) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts3, &riceParamParts3)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        zeroCountPart128 = _mm_set_epi32(zeroCountParts3, zeroCountParts2, zeroCountParts1, zeroCountParts0);
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_set_epi32(riceParamParts3, riceParamParts2, riceParamParts1, riceParamParts0);
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_and_si128(riceParamPart128, riceParamMask128);
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_or_si128(riceParamPart128, _mm_slli_epi32(zeroCountPart128, riceParam));
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi32(riceParamPart128, 1), _mm_add_epi32(drflac__mm_not_si128(_mm_and_si128(riceParamPart128, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01))), _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
        if (order <= 4) {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
                prediction128 = _mm_mullo_epi32(coefficients128_0, samples128_0);
                prediction128 = drflac__mm_hadd_epi32(prediction128);
                prediction128 = _mm_srai_epi32(prediction128, shift);
                prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(riceParamPart128, prediction128);
                samples128_0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(prediction128, samples128_0, 4);
                riceParamPart128 = _mm_alignr_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), riceParamPart128, 4);
            }
        } else if (order <= 8) {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
                prediction128 =                              _mm_mullo_epi32(coefficients128_4, samples128_4);
                prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(prediction128, _mm_mullo_epi32(coefficients128_0, samples128_0));
                prediction128 = drflac__mm_hadd_epi32(prediction128);
                prediction128 = _mm_srai_epi32(prediction128, shift);
                prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(riceParamPart128, prediction128);
                samples128_4 = _mm_alignr_epi8(samples128_0,  samples128_4, 4);
                samples128_0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(prediction128, samples128_0, 4);
                riceParamPart128 = _mm_alignr_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), riceParamPart128, 4);
            }
        } else {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
                prediction128 =                              _mm_mullo_epi32(coefficients128_8, samples128_8);
                prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(prediction128, _mm_mullo_epi32(coefficients128_4, samples128_4));
                prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(prediction128, _mm_mullo_epi32(coefficients128_0, samples128_0));
                prediction128 = drflac__mm_hadd_epi32(prediction128);
                prediction128 = _mm_srai_epi32(prediction128, shift);
                prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(riceParamPart128, prediction128);
                samples128_8 = _mm_alignr_epi8(samples128_4,  samples128_8, 4);
                samples128_4 = _mm_alignr_epi8(samples128_0,  samples128_4, 4);
                samples128_0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(prediction128, samples128_0, 4);
                riceParamPart128 = _mm_alignr_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), riceParamPart128, 4);
            }
        }
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)pDecodedSamples, samples128_0);
        pDecodedSamples += 4;
    }
    i = (count & ~3);
    while (i < (int)count) {
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts0, &riceParamParts0)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        riceParamParts0 &= riceParamMask;
        riceParamParts0 |= (zeroCountParts0 << riceParam);
        riceParamParts0  = (riceParamParts0 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamParts0 & 0x01];
        pDecodedSamples[0] = riceParamParts0 + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples);
        i += 1;
        pDecodedSamples += 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__sse41_64(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    int i;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamMask;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples    = pSamplesOut;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamplesEnd = pSamplesOut + (count & ~3);
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts0 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts1 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts2 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts3 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts0 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts1 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts2 = 0;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts3 = 0;
    __m128i coefficients128_0;
    __m128i coefficients128_4;
    __m128i coefficients128_8;
    __m128i samples128_0;
    __m128i samples128_4;
    __m128i samples128_8;
    __m128i prediction128;
    __m128i riceParamMask128;
    const drflac_uint32 t[2] = {0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF};
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(order <= 12);
    riceParamMask    = (drflac_uint32)~((~0UL) << riceParam);
    riceParamMask128 = _mm_set1_epi32(riceParamMask);
    prediction128 = _mm_setzero_si128();
    coefficients128_0  = _mm_setzero_si128();
    coefficients128_4  = _mm_setzero_si128();
    coefficients128_8  = _mm_setzero_si128();
    samples128_0  = _mm_setzero_si128();
    samples128_4  = _mm_setzero_si128();
    samples128_8  = _mm_setzero_si128();
#if 1
    {
        int runningOrder = order;
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_0 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(coefficients + 0));
            samples128_0      = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(pSamplesOut  - 4));
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: coefficients128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(0, coefficients[2], coefficients[1], coefficients[0]); samples128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-1], pSamplesOut[-2], pSamplesOut[-3], 0); break;
                case 2: coefficients128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               coefficients[1], coefficients[0]); samples128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-1], pSamplesOut[-2], 0,               0); break;
                case 1: coefficients128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               0,               coefficients[0]); samples128_0 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-1], 0,               0,               0); break;
            }
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_4 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(coefficients + 4));
            samples128_4      = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(pSamplesOut  - 8));
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: coefficients128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(0, coefficients[6], coefficients[5], coefficients[4]); samples128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-5], pSamplesOut[-6], pSamplesOut[-7], 0); break;
                case 2: coefficients128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               coefficients[5], coefficients[4]); samples128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-5], pSamplesOut[-6], 0,               0); break;
                case 1: coefficients128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,               0,               coefficients[4]); samples128_4 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-5], 0,               0,               0); break;
            }
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder == 4) {
            coefficients128_8 = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(coefficients + 8));
            samples128_8      = _mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)(pSamplesOut  - 12));
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: coefficients128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(0, coefficients[10], coefficients[9], coefficients[8]); samples128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-9], pSamplesOut[-10], pSamplesOut[-11], 0); break;
                case 2: coefficients128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,                coefficients[9], coefficients[8]); samples128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-9], pSamplesOut[-10], 0,                0); break;
                case 1: coefficients128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(0, 0,                0,               coefficients[8]); samples128_8 = _mm_set_epi32(pSamplesOut[-9], 0,                0,                0); break;
            }
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        coefficients128_0 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_0, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3));
        coefficients128_4 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_4, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3));
        coefficients128_8 = _mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_8, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3));
    }
#else
    switch (order)
    {
    case 12: ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[0] = coefficients[11]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[0] = pDecodedSamples[-12];
    case 11: ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[1] = coefficients[10]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[1] = pDecodedSamples[-11];
    case 10: ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[2] = coefficients[ 9]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[2] = pDecodedSamples[-10];
    case 9:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_8)[3] = coefficients[ 8]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_8)[3] = pDecodedSamples[- 9];
    case 8:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[0] = coefficients[ 7]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[0] = pDecodedSamples[- 8];
    case 7:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[1] = coefficients[ 6]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[1] = pDecodedSamples[- 7];
    case 6:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[2] = coefficients[ 5]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[2] = pDecodedSamples[- 6];
    case 5:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_4)[3] = coefficients[ 4]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_4)[3] = pDecodedSamples[- 5];
    case 4:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[0] = coefficients[ 3]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[0] = pDecodedSamples[- 4];
    case 3:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[1] = coefficients[ 2]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[1] = pDecodedSamples[- 3];
    case 2:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[2] = coefficients[ 1]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[2] = pDecodedSamples[- 2];
    case 1:  ((drflac_int32*)&coefficients128_0)[3] = coefficients[ 0]; ((drflac_int32*)&samples128_0)[3] = pDecodedSamples[- 1];
    }
#endif
    while (pDecodedSamples < pDecodedSamplesEnd) {
        __m128i zeroCountPart128;
        __m128i riceParamPart128;
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts0, &riceParamParts0) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts1, &riceParamParts1) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts2, &riceParamParts2) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts3, &riceParamParts3)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        zeroCountPart128 = _mm_set_epi32(zeroCountParts3, zeroCountParts2, zeroCountParts1, zeroCountParts0);
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_set_epi32(riceParamParts3, riceParamParts2, riceParamParts1, riceParamParts0);
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_and_si128(riceParamPart128, riceParamMask128);
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_or_si128(riceParamPart128, _mm_slli_epi32(zeroCountPart128, riceParam));
        riceParamPart128 = _mm_xor_si128(_mm_srli_epi32(riceParamPart128, 1), _mm_add_epi32(drflac__mm_not_si128(_mm_and_si128(riceParamPart128, _mm_set1_epi32(1))), _mm_set1_epi32(1)));
        for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
            prediction128 = _mm_xor_si128(prediction128, prediction128);
            switch (order)
            {
            case 12:
            case 11: prediction128 = _mm_add_epi64(prediction128, _mm_mul_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_8, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 0, 0)), _mm_shuffle_epi32(samples128_8, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 0, 0))));
            case 10:
            case  9: prediction128 = _mm_add_epi64(prediction128, _mm_mul_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_8, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 2, 2)), _mm_shuffle_epi32(samples128_8, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 2, 2))));
            case  8:
            case  7: prediction128 = _mm_add_epi64(prediction128, _mm_mul_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_4, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 0, 0)), _mm_shuffle_epi32(samples128_4, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 0, 0))));
            case  6:
            case  5: prediction128 = _mm_add_epi64(prediction128, _mm_mul_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_4, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 2, 2)), _mm_shuffle_epi32(samples128_4, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 2, 2))));
            case  4:
            case  3: prediction128 = _mm_add_epi64(prediction128, _mm_mul_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_0, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 0, 0)), _mm_shuffle_epi32(samples128_0, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 0, 0))));
            case  2:
            case  1: prediction128 = _mm_add_epi64(prediction128, _mm_mul_epi32(_mm_shuffle_epi32(coefficients128_0, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 2, 2)), _mm_shuffle_epi32(samples128_0, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 2, 2))));
            }
            prediction128 = drflac__mm_hadd_epi64(prediction128);
            prediction128 = drflac__mm_srai_epi64(prediction128, shift);
            prediction128 = _mm_add_epi32(riceParamPart128, prediction128);
            samples128_8 = _mm_alignr_epi8(samples128_4,  samples128_8, 4);
            samples128_4 = _mm_alignr_epi8(samples128_0,  samples128_4, 4);
            samples128_0 = _mm_alignr_epi8(prediction128, samples128_0, 4);
            riceParamPart128 = _mm_alignr_epi8(_mm_setzero_si128(), riceParamPart128, 4);
        }
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)pDecodedSamples, samples128_0);
        pDecodedSamples += 4;
    }
    i = (count & ~3);
    while (i < (int)count) {
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts0, &riceParamParts0)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        riceParamParts0 &= riceParamMask;
        riceParamParts0 |= (zeroCountParts0 << riceParam);
        riceParamParts0  = (riceParamParts0 >> 1) ^ t[riceParamParts0 & 0x01];
        pDecodedSamples[0] = riceParamParts0 + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples);
        i += 1;
        pDecodedSamples += 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__sse41(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pSamplesOut != NULL);
    if (order > 0 && order <= 12) {
        if (bitsPerSample+shift > 32) {
            return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__sse41_64(bs, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
        } else {
            return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__sse41_32(bs, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
        }
    } else {
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__scalar(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__vst2q_s32(drflac_int32* p, int32x4x2_t x)
{
    vst1q_s32(p+0, x.val[0]);
    vst1q_s32(p+4, x.val[1]);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__vst2q_u32(drflac_uint32* p, uint32x4x2_t x)
{
    vst1q_u32(p+0, x.val[0]);
    vst1q_u32(p+4, x.val[1]);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__vst2q_f32(float* p, float32x4x2_t x)
{
    vst1q_f32(p+0, x.val[0]);
    vst1q_f32(p+4, x.val[1]);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__vst2q_s16(drflac_int16* p, int16x4x2_t x)
{
    vst1q_s16(p, vcombine_s16(x.val[0], x.val[1]));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__vst2q_u16(drflac_uint16* p, uint16x4x2_t x)
{
    vst1q_u16(p, vcombine_u16(x.val[0], x.val[1]));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE int32x4_t drflac__vdupq_n_s32x4(drflac_int32 x3, drflac_int32 x2, drflac_int32 x1, drflac_int32 x0)
{
    drflac_int32 x[4];
    x[3] = x3;
    x[2] = x2;
    x[1] = x1;
    x[0] = x0;
    return vld1q_s32(x);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE int32x4_t drflac__valignrq_s32_1(int32x4_t a, int32x4_t b)
{
    return vextq_s32(b, a, 1);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32x4_t drflac__valignrq_u32_1(uint32x4_t a, uint32x4_t b)
{
    return vextq_u32(b, a, 1);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE int32x2_t drflac__vhaddq_s32(int32x4_t x)
{
    int32x2_t r = vadd_s32(vget_high_s32(x), vget_low_s32(x));
    return vpadd_s32(r, r);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE int64x1_t drflac__vhaddq_s64(int64x2_t x)
{
    return vadd_s64(vget_high_s64(x), vget_low_s64(x));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE int32x4_t drflac__vrevq_s32(int32x4_t x)
{
    return vrev64q_s32(vcombine_s32(vget_high_s32(x), vget_low_s32(x)));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE int32x4_t drflac__vnotq_s32(int32x4_t x)
{
    return veorq_s32(x, vdupq_n_s32(0xFFFFFFFF));
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE uint32x4_t drflac__vnotq_u32(uint32x4_t x)
{
    return veorq_u32(x, vdupq_n_u32(0xFFFFFFFF));
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__neon_32(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    int i;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamMask;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples    = pSamplesOut;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamplesEnd = pSamplesOut + (count & ~3);
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts[4];
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts[4];
    int32x4_t coefficients128_0;
    int32x4_t coefficients128_4;
    int32x4_t coefficients128_8;
    int32x4_t samples128_0;
    int32x4_t samples128_4;
    int32x4_t samples128_8;
    uint32x4_t riceParamMask128;
    int32x4_t riceParam128;
    int32x2_t shift64;
    uint32x4_t one128;
    const drflac_uint32 t[2] = {0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF};
    riceParamMask    = ~((~0UL) << riceParam);
    riceParamMask128 = vdupq_n_u32(riceParamMask);
    riceParam128 = vdupq_n_s32(riceParam);
    shift64 = vdup_n_s32(-shift);
    one128 = vdupq_n_u32(1);
    {
        int runningOrder = order;
        drflac_int32 tempC[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
        drflac_int32 tempS[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_0 = vld1q_s32(coefficients + 0);
            samples128_0      = vld1q_s32(pSamplesOut  - 4);
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: tempC[2] = coefficients[2]; tempS[1] = pSamplesOut[-3];
                case 2: tempC[1] = coefficients[1]; tempS[2] = pSamplesOut[-2];
                case 1: tempC[0] = coefficients[0]; tempS[3] = pSamplesOut[-1];
            }
            coefficients128_0 = vld1q_s32(tempC);
            samples128_0      = vld1q_s32(tempS);
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_4 = vld1q_s32(coefficients + 4);
            samples128_4      = vld1q_s32(pSamplesOut  - 8);
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: tempC[2] = coefficients[6]; tempS[1] = pSamplesOut[-7];
                case 2: tempC[1] = coefficients[5]; tempS[2] = pSamplesOut[-6];
                case 1: tempC[0] = coefficients[4]; tempS[3] = pSamplesOut[-5];
            }
            coefficients128_4 = vld1q_s32(tempC);
            samples128_4      = vld1q_s32(tempS);
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder == 4) {
            coefficients128_8 = vld1q_s32(coefficients + 8);
            samples128_8      = vld1q_s32(pSamplesOut  - 12);
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: tempC[2] = coefficients[10]; tempS[1] = pSamplesOut[-11];
                case 2: tempC[1] = coefficients[ 9]; tempS[2] = pSamplesOut[-10];
                case 1: tempC[0] = coefficients[ 8]; tempS[3] = pSamplesOut[- 9];
            }
            coefficients128_8 = vld1q_s32(tempC);
            samples128_8      = vld1q_s32(tempS);
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        coefficients128_0 = drflac__vrevq_s32(coefficients128_0);
        coefficients128_4 = drflac__vrevq_s32(coefficients128_4);
        coefficients128_8 = drflac__vrevq_s32(coefficients128_8);
    }
    while (pDecodedSamples < pDecodedSamplesEnd) {
        int32x4_t prediction128;
        int32x2_t prediction64;
        uint32x4_t zeroCountPart128;
        uint32x4_t riceParamPart128;
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[0], &riceParamParts[0]) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[1], &riceParamParts[1]) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[2], &riceParamParts[2]) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[3], &riceParamParts[3])) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        zeroCountPart128 = vld1q_u32(zeroCountParts);
        riceParamPart128 = vld1q_u32(riceParamParts);
        riceParamPart128 = vandq_u32(riceParamPart128, riceParamMask128);
        riceParamPart128 = vorrq_u32(riceParamPart128, vshlq_u32(zeroCountPart128, riceParam128));
        riceParamPart128 = veorq_u32(vshrq_n_u32(riceParamPart128, 1), vaddq_u32(drflac__vnotq_u32(vandq_u32(riceParamPart128, one128)), one128));
        if (order <= 4) {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
                prediction128 = vmulq_s32(coefficients128_0, samples128_0);
                prediction64 = drflac__vhaddq_s32(prediction128);
                prediction64 = vshl_s32(prediction64, shift64);
                prediction64 = vadd_s32(prediction64, vget_low_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(riceParamPart128)));
                samples128_0 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(vcombine_s32(prediction64, vdup_n_s32(0)), samples128_0);
                riceParamPart128 = drflac__valignrq_u32_1(vdupq_n_u32(0), riceParamPart128);
            }
        } else if (order <= 8) {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
                prediction128 =                vmulq_s32(coefficients128_4, samples128_4);
                prediction128 = vmlaq_s32(prediction128, coefficients128_0, samples128_0);
                prediction64 = drflac__vhaddq_s32(prediction128);
                prediction64 = vshl_s32(prediction64, shift64);
                prediction64 = vadd_s32(prediction64, vget_low_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(riceParamPart128)));
                samples128_4 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(samples128_0, samples128_4);
                samples128_0 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(vcombine_s32(prediction64, vdup_n_s32(0)), samples128_0);
                riceParamPart128 = drflac__valignrq_u32_1(vdupq_n_u32(0), riceParamPart128);
            }
        } else {
            for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
                prediction128 =                vmulq_s32(coefficients128_8, samples128_8);
                prediction128 = vmlaq_s32(prediction128, coefficients128_4, samples128_4);
                prediction128 = vmlaq_s32(prediction128, coefficients128_0, samples128_0);
                prediction64 = drflac__vhaddq_s32(prediction128);
                prediction64 = vshl_s32(prediction64, shift64);
                prediction64 = vadd_s32(prediction64, vget_low_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(riceParamPart128)));
                samples128_8 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(samples128_4, samples128_8);
                samples128_4 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(samples128_0, samples128_4);
                samples128_0 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(vcombine_s32(prediction64, vdup_n_s32(0)), samples128_0);
                riceParamPart128 = drflac__valignrq_u32_1(vdupq_n_u32(0), riceParamPart128);
            }
        }
        vst1q_s32(pDecodedSamples, samples128_0);
        pDecodedSamples += 4;
    }
    i = (count & ~3);
    while (i < (int)count) {
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[0], &riceParamParts[0])) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        riceParamParts[0] &= riceParamMask;
        riceParamParts[0] |= (zeroCountParts[0] << riceParam);
        riceParamParts[0]  = (riceParamParts[0] >> 1) ^ t[riceParamParts[0] & 0x01];
        pDecodedSamples[0] = riceParamParts[0] + drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples);
        i += 1;
        pDecodedSamples += 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__neon_64(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    int i;
    drflac_uint32 riceParamMask;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples    = pSamplesOut;
    drflac_int32* pDecodedSamplesEnd = pSamplesOut + (count & ~3);
    drflac_uint32 zeroCountParts[4];
    drflac_uint32 riceParamParts[4];
    int32x4_t coefficients128_0;
    int32x4_t coefficients128_4;
    int32x4_t coefficients128_8;
    int32x4_t samples128_0;
    int32x4_t samples128_4;
    int32x4_t samples128_8;
    uint32x4_t riceParamMask128;
    int32x4_t riceParam128;
    int64x1_t shift64;
    uint32x4_t one128;
    const drflac_uint32 t[2] = {0x00000000, 0xFFFFFFFF};
    riceParamMask    = ~((~0UL) << riceParam);
    riceParamMask128 = vdupq_n_u32(riceParamMask);
    riceParam128 = vdupq_n_s32(riceParam);
    shift64 = vdup_n_s64(-shift);
    one128 = vdupq_n_u32(1);
    {
        int runningOrder = order;
        drflac_int32 tempC[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
        drflac_int32 tempS[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0};
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_0 = vld1q_s32(coefficients + 0);
            samples128_0      = vld1q_s32(pSamplesOut  - 4);
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: tempC[2] = coefficients[2]; tempS[1] = pSamplesOut[-3];
                case 2: tempC[1] = coefficients[1]; tempS[2] = pSamplesOut[-2];
                case 1: tempC[0] = coefficients[0]; tempS[3] = pSamplesOut[-1];
            }
            coefficients128_0 = vld1q_s32(tempC);
            samples128_0      = vld1q_s32(tempS);
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder >= 4) {
            coefficients128_4 = vld1q_s32(coefficients + 4);
            samples128_4      = vld1q_s32(pSamplesOut  - 8);
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: tempC[2] = coefficients[6]; tempS[1] = pSamplesOut[-7];
                case 2: tempC[1] = coefficients[5]; tempS[2] = pSamplesOut[-6];
                case 1: tempC[0] = coefficients[4]; tempS[3] = pSamplesOut[-5];
            }
            coefficients128_4 = vld1q_s32(tempC);
            samples128_4      = vld1q_s32(tempS);
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        if (runningOrder == 4) {
            coefficients128_8 = vld1q_s32(coefficients + 8);
            samples128_8      = vld1q_s32(pSamplesOut  - 12);
            runningOrder -= 4;
        } else {
            switch (runningOrder) {
                case 3: tempC[2] = coefficients[10]; tempS[1] = pSamplesOut[-11];
                case 2: tempC[1] = coefficients[ 9]; tempS[2] = pSamplesOut[-10];
                case 1: tempC[0] = coefficients[ 8]; tempS[3] = pSamplesOut[- 9];
            }
            coefficients128_8 = vld1q_s32(tempC);
            samples128_8      = vld1q_s32(tempS);
            runningOrder = 0;
        }
        coefficients128_0 = drflac__vrevq_s32(coefficients128_0);
        coefficients128_4 = drflac__vrevq_s32(coefficients128_4);
        coefficients128_8 = drflac__vrevq_s32(coefficients128_8);
    }
    while (pDecodedSamples < pDecodedSamplesEnd) {
        int64x2_t prediction128;
        uint32x4_t zeroCountPart128;
        uint32x4_t riceParamPart128;
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[0], &riceParamParts[0]) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[1], &riceParamParts[1]) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[2], &riceParamParts[2]) ||
            !drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[3], &riceParamParts[3])) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        zeroCountPart128 = vld1q_u32(zeroCountParts);
        riceParamPart128 = vld1q_u32(riceParamParts);
        riceParamPart128 = vandq_u32(riceParamPart128, riceParamMask128);
        riceParamPart128 = vorrq_u32(riceParamPart128, vshlq_u32(zeroCountPart128, riceParam128));
        riceParamPart128 = veorq_u32(vshrq_n_u32(riceParamPart128, 1), vaddq_u32(drflac__vnotq_u32(vandq_u32(riceParamPart128, one128)), one128));
        for (i = 0; i < 4; i += 1) {
            int64x1_t prediction64;
            prediction128 = veorq_s64(prediction128, prediction128);
            switch (order)
            {
            case 12:
            case 11: prediction128 = vaddq_s64(prediction128, vmull_s32(vget_low_s32(coefficients128_8), vget_low_s32(samples128_8)));
            case 10:
            case  9: prediction128 = vaddq_s64(prediction128, vmull_s32(vget_high_s32(coefficients128_8), vget_high_s32(samples128_8)));
            case  8:
            case  7: prediction128 = vaddq_s64(prediction128, vmull_s32(vget_low_s32(coefficients128_4), vget_low_s32(samples128_4)));
            case  6:
            case  5: prediction128 = vaddq_s64(prediction128, vmull_s32(vget_high_s32(coefficients128_4), vget_high_s32(samples128_4)));
            case  4:
            case  3: prediction128 = vaddq_s64(prediction128, vmull_s32(vget_low_s32(coefficients128_0), vget_low_s32(samples128_0)));
            case  2:
            case  1: prediction128 = vaddq_s64(prediction128, vmull_s32(vget_high_s32(coefficients128_0), vget_high_s32(samples128_0)));
            }
            prediction64 = drflac__vhaddq_s64(prediction128);
            prediction64 = vshl_s64(prediction64, shift64);
            prediction64 = vadd_s64(prediction64, vdup_n_s64(vgetq_lane_u32(riceParamPart128, 0)));
            samples128_8 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(samples128_4, samples128_8);
            samples128_4 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(samples128_0, samples128_4);
            samples128_0 = drflac__valignrq_s32_1(vcombine_s32(vreinterpret_s32_s64(prediction64), vdup_n_s32(0)), samples128_0);
            riceParamPart128 = drflac__valignrq_u32_1(vdupq_n_u32(0), riceParamPart128);
        }
        vst1q_s32(pDecodedSamples, samples128_0);
        pDecodedSamples += 4;
    }
    i = (count & ~3);
    while (i < (int)count) {
        if (!drflac__read_rice_parts_x1(bs, riceParam, &zeroCountParts[0], &riceParamParts[0])) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        riceParamParts[0] &= riceParamMask;
        riceParamParts[0] |= (zeroCountParts[0] << riceParam);
        riceParamParts[0]  = (riceParamParts[0] >> 1) ^ t[riceParamParts[0] & 0x01];
        pDecodedSamples[0] = riceParamParts[0] + drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples);
        i += 1;
        pDecodedSamples += 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__neon(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pSamplesOut != NULL);
    if (order > 0 && order <= 12) {
        if (bitsPerSample+shift > 32) {
            return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__neon_64(bs, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
        } else {
            return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__neon_32(bs, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
        }
    } else {
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__scalar(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    }
}
#endif
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE41)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE41Supported) {
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__sse41(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported) {
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__neon(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    } else
#endif
    {
    #if 0
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__reference(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    #else
        return drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice__scalar(bs, bitsPerSample, count, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut);
    #endif
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_and_seek_residual__rice(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 riceParam)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__seek_rice_parts(bs, riceParam)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__unencoded(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 count, drflac_uint8 unencodedBitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pSamplesOut)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(count > 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(unencodedBitsPerSample <= 31);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pSamplesOut != NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        if (unencodedBitsPerSample > 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, unencodedBitsPerSample, pSamplesOut + i)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            pSamplesOut[i] = 0;
        }
        if (bitsPerSample >= 24) {
            pSamplesOut[i] += drflac__calculate_prediction_64(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i);
        } else {
            pSamplesOut[i] += drflac__calculate_prediction_32(order, shift, coefficients, pSamplesOut + i);
        }
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples_with_residual(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint32 blockSize, drflac_uint32 order, drflac_int32 shift, const drflac_int32* coefficients, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_uint8 residualMethod;
    drflac_uint8 partitionOrder;
    drflac_uint32 samplesInPartition;
    drflac_uint32 partitionsRemaining;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(blockSize != 0);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pDecodedSamples != NULL);
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 2, &residualMethod)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE && residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    pDecodedSamples += order;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &partitionOrder)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (partitionOrder > 8) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if ((blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder)) <= order) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    samplesInPartition = (blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder)) - order;
    partitionsRemaining = (1 << partitionOrder);
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint8 riceParam = 0;
        if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &riceParam)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 15) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        } else if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &riceParam)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 31) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        }
        if (riceParam != 0xFF) {
            if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__rice(bs, bitsPerSample, samplesInPartition, riceParam, order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            drflac_uint8 unencodedBitsPerSample = 0;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &unencodedBitsPerSample)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual__unencoded(bs, bitsPerSample, samplesInPartition, unencodedBitsPerSample, order, shift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
        pDecodedSamples += samplesInPartition;
        if (partitionsRemaining == 1) {
            break;
        }
        partitionsRemaining -= 1;
        if (partitionOrder != 0) {
            samplesInPartition = blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder);
        }
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_and_seek_residual(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 blockSize, drflac_uint32 order)
{
    drflac_uint8 residualMethod;
    drflac_uint8 partitionOrder;
    drflac_uint32 samplesInPartition;
    drflac_uint32 partitionsRemaining;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(blockSize != 0);
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 2, &residualMethod)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE && residualMethod != DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &partitionOrder)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (partitionOrder > 8) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if ((blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder)) <= order) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    samplesInPartition = (blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder)) - order;
    partitionsRemaining = (1 << partitionOrder);
    for (;;)
    {
        drflac_uint8 riceParam = 0;
        if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &riceParam)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 15) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        } else if (residualMethod == DRFLAC_RESIDUAL_CODING_METHOD_PARTITIONED_RICE2) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &riceParam)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (riceParam == 31) {
                riceParam = 0xFF;
            }
        }
        if (riceParam != 0xFF) {
            if (!drflac__read_and_seek_residual__rice(bs, samplesInPartition, riceParam)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            drflac_uint8 unencodedBitsPerSample = 0;
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 5, &unencodedBitsPerSample)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, unencodedBitsPerSample * samplesInPartition)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
        if (partitionsRemaining == 1) {
            break;
        }
        partitionsRemaining -= 1;
        samplesInPartition = blockSize / (1 << partitionOrder);
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__constant(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 blockSize, drflac_uint32 subframeBitsPerSample, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    drflac_int32 sample;
    if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, subframeBitsPerSample, &sample)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < blockSize; ++i) {
        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__verbatim(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 blockSize, drflac_uint32 subframeBitsPerSample, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    for (i = 0; i < blockSize; ++i) {
        drflac_int32 sample;
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, subframeBitsPerSample, &sample)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__fixed(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 blockSize, drflac_uint32 subframeBitsPerSample, drflac_uint8 lpcOrder, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    static drflac_int32 lpcCoefficientsTable[5][4] = {
        {0,  0, 0,  0},
        {1,  0, 0,  0},
        {2, -1, 0,  0},
        {3, -3, 1,  0},
        {4, -6, 4, -1}
    };
    for (i = 0; i < lpcOrder; ++i) {
        drflac_int32 sample;
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, subframeBitsPerSample, &sample)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }
    if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual(bs, subframeBitsPerSample, blockSize, lpcOrder, 0, lpcCoefficientsTable[lpcOrder], pDecodedSamples)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_samples__lpc(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint32 blockSize, drflac_uint32 bitsPerSample, drflac_uint8 lpcOrder, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples)
{
    drflac_uint8 i;
    drflac_uint8 lpcPrecision;
    drflac_int8 lpcShift;
    drflac_int32 coefficients[32];
    for (i = 0; i < lpcOrder; ++i) {
        drflac_int32 sample;
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, bitsPerSample, &sample)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pDecodedSamples[i] = sample;
    }
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &lpcPrecision)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (lpcPrecision == 15) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    lpcPrecision += 1;
    if (!drflac__read_int8(bs, 5, &lpcShift)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(coefficients, sizeof(coefficients));
    for (i = 0; i < lpcOrder; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__read_int32(bs, lpcPrecision, coefficients + i)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    if (!drflac__decode_samples_with_residual(bs, bitsPerSample, blockSize, lpcOrder, lpcShift, coefficients, pDecodedSamples)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_uint8 streaminfoBitsPerSample, drflac_frame_header* header)
{
    const drflac_uint32 sampleRateTable[12]  = {0, 88200, 176400, 192000, 8000, 16000, 22050, 24000, 32000, 44100, 48000, 96000};
    const drflac_uint8 bitsPerSampleTable[8] = {0, 8, 12, (drflac_uint8)-1, 16, 20, 24, (drflac_uint8)-1};
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(header != NULL);
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint8 crc8 = 0xCE;
        drflac_uint8 reserved = 0;
        drflac_uint8 blockingStrategy = 0;
        drflac_uint8 blockSize = 0;
        drflac_uint8 sampleRate = 0;
        drflac_uint8 channelAssignment = 0;
        drflac_uint8 bitsPerSample = 0;
        drflac_bool32 isVariableBlockSize;
        if (!drflac__find_and_seek_to_next_sync_code(bs)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &reserved)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (reserved == 1) {
            continue;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, reserved, 1);
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &blockingStrategy)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, blockingStrategy, 1);
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &blockSize)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (blockSize == 0) {
            continue;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, blockSize, 4);
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &sampleRate)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, sampleRate, 4);
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &channelAssignment)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (channelAssignment > 10) {
            continue;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, channelAssignment, 4);
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 3, &bitsPerSample)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (bitsPerSample == 3 || bitsPerSample == 7) {
            continue;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, bitsPerSample, 3);
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 1, &reserved)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (reserved == 1) {
            continue;
        }
        crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, reserved, 1);
        isVariableBlockSize = blockingStrategy == 1;
        if (isVariableBlockSize) {
            drflac_uint64 pcmFrameNumber;
            drflac_result result = drflac__read_utf8_coded_number(bs, &pcmFrameNumber, &crc8);
            if (result != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                if (result == DRFLAC_AT_END) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                } else {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            header->flacFrameNumber  = 0;
            header->pcmFrameNumber = pcmFrameNumber;
        } else {
            drflac_uint64 flacFrameNumber = 0;
            drflac_result result = drflac__read_utf8_coded_number(bs, &flacFrameNumber, &crc8);
            if (result != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                if (result == DRFLAC_AT_END) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                } else {
                    continue;
                }
            }
            header->flacFrameNumber  = (drflac_uint32)flacFrameNumber;
            header->pcmFrameNumber = 0;
        }
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(blockSize > 0);
        if (blockSize == 1) {
            header->blockSizeInPCMFrames = 192;
        } else if (blockSize >= 2 && blockSize <= 5) {
            header->blockSizeInPCMFrames = 576 * (1 << (blockSize - 2));
        } else if (blockSize == 6) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint16(bs, 8, &header->blockSizeInPCMFrames)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, header->blockSizeInPCMFrames, 8);
            header->blockSizeInPCMFrames += 1;
        } else if (blockSize == 7) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint16(bs, 16, &header->blockSizeInPCMFrames)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, header->blockSizeInPCMFrames, 16);
            header->blockSizeInPCMFrames += 1;
        } else {
            DRFLAC_ASSERT(blockSize >= 8);
            header->blockSizeInPCMFrames = 256 * (1 << (blockSize - 8));
        }
        if (sampleRate <= 11) {
            header->sampleRate = sampleRateTable[sampleRate];
        } else if (sampleRate == 12) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 8, &header->sampleRate)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, header->sampleRate, 8);
            header->sampleRate *= 1000;
        } else if (sampleRate == 13) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 16, &header->sampleRate)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, header->sampleRate, 16);
        } else if (sampleRate == 14) {
            if (!drflac__read_uint32(bs, 16, &header->sampleRate)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            crc8 = drflac_crc8(crc8, header->sampleRate, 16);
            header->sampleRate *= 10;
        } else {
            continue;
        }
        header->channelAssignment = channelAssignment;
        header->bitsPerSample = bitsPerSampleTable[bitsPerSample];
        if (header->bitsPerSample == 0) {
            header->bitsPerSample = streaminfoBitsPerSample;
        }
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, &header->crc8)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
        if (header->crc8 != crc8) {
            continue;
        }
#endif
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_subframe_header(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_subframe* pSubframe)
{
    drflac_uint8 header;
    int type;
    if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 8, &header)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if ((header & 0x80) != 0) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    type = (header & 0x7E) >> 1;
    if (type == 0) {
        pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT;
    } else if (type == 1) {
        pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM;
    } else {
        if ((type & 0x20) != 0) {
            pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC;
            pSubframe->lpcOrder = (drflac_uint8)(type & 0x1F) + 1;
        } else if ((type & 0x08) != 0) {
            pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED;
            pSubframe->lpcOrder = (drflac_uint8)(type & 0x07);
            if (pSubframe->lpcOrder > 4) {
                pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED;
                pSubframe->lpcOrder = 0;
            }
        } else {
            pSubframe->subframeType = DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED;
        }
    }
    if (pSubframe->subframeType == DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_RESERVED) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample = 0;
    if ((header & 0x01) == 1) {
        unsigned int wastedBitsPerSample;
        if (!drflac__seek_past_next_set_bit(bs, &wastedBitsPerSample)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample = (drflac_uint8)wastedBitsPerSample + 1;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_subframe(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_frame* frame, int subframeIndex, drflac_int32* pDecodedSamplesOut)
{
    drflac_subframe* pSubframe;
    drflac_uint32 subframeBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(frame != NULL);
    pSubframe = frame->subframes + subframeIndex;
    if (!drflac__read_subframe_header(bs, pSubframe)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    subframeBitsPerSample = frame->header.bitsPerSample;
    if ((frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE || frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE) && subframeIndex == 1) {
        subframeBitsPerSample += 1;
    } else if (frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE && subframeIndex == 0) {
        subframeBitsPerSample += 1;
    }
    if (pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample >= subframeBitsPerSample) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    subframeBitsPerSample -= pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample;
    pSubframe->pSamplesS32 = pDecodedSamplesOut;
    switch (pSubframe->subframeType)
    {
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__constant(bs, frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames, subframeBitsPerSample, pSubframe->pSamplesS32);
        } break;
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__verbatim(bs, frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames, subframeBitsPerSample, pSubframe->pSamplesS32);
        } break;
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__fixed(bs, frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames, subframeBitsPerSample, pSubframe->lpcOrder, pSubframe->pSamplesS32);
        } break;
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC:
        {
            drflac__decode_samples__lpc(bs, frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames, subframeBitsPerSample, pSubframe->lpcOrder, pSubframe->pSamplesS32);
        } break;
        default: return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_subframe(drflac_bs* bs, drflac_frame* frame, int subframeIndex)
{
    drflac_subframe* pSubframe;
    drflac_uint32 subframeBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(bs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(frame != NULL);
    pSubframe = frame->subframes + subframeIndex;
    if (!drflac__read_subframe_header(bs, pSubframe)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    subframeBitsPerSample = frame->header.bitsPerSample;
    if ((frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE || frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE) && subframeIndex == 1) {
        subframeBitsPerSample += 1;
    } else if (frame->header.channelAssignment == DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE && subframeIndex == 0) {
        subframeBitsPerSample += 1;
    }
    if (pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample >= subframeBitsPerSample) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    subframeBitsPerSample -= pSubframe->wastedBitsPerSample;
    pSubframe->pSamplesS32 = NULL;
    switch (pSubframe->subframeType)
    {
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_CONSTANT:
        {
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, subframeBitsPerSample)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } break;
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_VERBATIM:
        {
            unsigned int bitsToSeek = frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames * subframeBitsPerSample;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } break;
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_FIXED:
        {
            unsigned int bitsToSeek = pSubframe->lpcOrder * subframeBitsPerSample;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (!drflac__read_and_seek_residual(bs, frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames, pSubframe->lpcOrder)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } break;
        case DRFLAC_SUBFRAME_LPC:
        {
            drflac_uint8 lpcPrecision;
            unsigned int bitsToSeek = pSubframe->lpcOrder * subframeBitsPerSample;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (!drflac__read_uint8(bs, 4, &lpcPrecision)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (lpcPrecision == 15) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            lpcPrecision += 1;
            bitsToSeek = (pSubframe->lpcOrder * lpcPrecision) + 5;
            if (!drflac__seek_bits(bs, bitsToSeek)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (!drflac__read_and_seek_residual(bs, frame->header.blockSizeInPCMFrames, pSubframe->lpcOrder)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } break;
        default: return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint8 drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(drflac_int8 channelAssignment)
{
    drflac_uint8 lookup[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 2, 2, 2};
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(channelAssignment <= 10);
    return lookup[channelAssignment];
}
static drflac_result drflac__decode_flac_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    int channelCount;
    int i;
    drflac_uint8 paddingSizeInBits;
    drflac_uint16 desiredCRC16;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    drflac_uint16 actualCRC16;
#endif
    DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes, sizeof(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes));
    if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames > pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames) {
        return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    }
    channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment);
    if (channelCount != (int)pFlac->channels) {
        return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < channelCount; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__decode_subframe(&pFlac->bs, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame, i, pFlac->pDecodedSamples + (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames * i))) {
            return DRFLAC_ERROR;
        }
    }
    paddingSizeInBits = (drflac_uint8)(DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(&pFlac->bs) & 7);
    if (paddingSizeInBits > 0) {
        drflac_uint8 padding = 0;
        if (!drflac__read_uint8(&pFlac->bs, paddingSizeInBits, &padding)) {
            return DRFLAC_AT_END;
        }
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    actualCRC16 = drflac__flush_crc16(&pFlac->bs);
#endif
    if (!drflac__read_uint16(&pFlac->bs, 16, &desiredCRC16)) {
        return DRFLAC_AT_END;
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    if (actualCRC16 != desiredCRC16) {
        return DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH;
    }
#endif
    pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames;
    return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
}
static drflac_result drflac__seek_flac_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    int channelCount;
    int i;
    drflac_uint16 desiredCRC16;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    drflac_uint16 actualCRC16;
#endif
    channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment);
    for (i = 0; i < channelCount; ++i) {
        if (!drflac__seek_subframe(&pFlac->bs, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame, i)) {
            return DRFLAC_ERROR;
        }
    }
    if (!drflac__seek_bits(&pFlac->bs, DRFLAC_CACHE_L1_BITS_REMAINING(&pFlac->bs) & 7)) {
        return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    actualCRC16 = drflac__flush_crc16(&pFlac->bs);
#endif
    if (!drflac__read_uint16(&pFlac->bs, 16, &desiredCRC16)) {
        return DRFLAC_AT_END;
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    if (actualCRC16 != desiredCRC16) {
        return DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH;
    }
#endif
    return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    for (;;) {
        drflac_result result;
        if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        result = drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac);
        if (result != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
            if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                continue;
            } else {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
static void drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64* pFirstPCMFrame, drflac_uint64* pLastPCMFrame)
{
    drflac_uint64 firstPCMFrame;
    drflac_uint64 lastPCMFrame;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    firstPCMFrame = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.pcmFrameNumber;
    if (firstPCMFrame == 0) {
        firstPCMFrame = ((drflac_uint64)pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.flacFrameNumber) * pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
    }
    lastPCMFrame = firstPCMFrame + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames;
    if (lastPCMFrame > 0) {
        lastPCMFrame -= 1;
    }
    if (pFirstPCMFrame) {
        *pFirstPCMFrame = firstPCMFrame;
    }
    if (pLastPCMFrame) {
        *pLastPCMFrame = lastPCMFrame;
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_first_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    drflac_bool32 result;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    result = drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes);
    DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(&pFlac->currentFLACFrame, sizeof(pFlac->currentFLACFrame));
    pFlac->currentPCMFrame = 0;
    return result;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_result drflac__seek_to_next_flac_frame(drflac* pFlac)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    return drflac__seek_flac_frame(pFlac);
}
static drflac_uint64 drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFramesToSeek)
{
    drflac_uint64 pcmFramesRead = 0;
    while (pcmFramesToSeek > 0) {
        if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining == 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(pFlac)) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining > pcmFramesToSeek) {
                pcmFramesRead   += pcmFramesToSeek;
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining -= (drflac_uint32)pcmFramesToSeek;
                pcmFramesToSeek  = 0;
            } else {
                pcmFramesRead   += pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
                pcmFramesToSeek -= pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    pFlac->currentPCMFrame += pcmFramesRead;
    return pcmFramesRead;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__brute_force(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex)
{
    drflac_bool32 isMidFrame = DRFLAC_FALSE;
    drflac_uint64 runningPCMFrameCount;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    if (pcmFrameIndex >= pFlac->currentPCMFrame) {
        runningPCMFrameCount = pFlac->currentPCMFrame;
        if (pFlac->currentPCMFrame == 0 && pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining == 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            isMidFrame = DRFLAC_TRUE;
        }
    } else {
        runningPCMFrameCount = 0;
        if (!drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint64 pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame;
        drflac_uint64 firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame = 0;
        drflac_uint64 lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame = 0;
        drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(pFlac, &firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame, &lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame);
        pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame = (lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame - firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame) + 1;
        if (pcmFrameIndex < (runningPCMFrameCount + pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame)) {
            drflac_uint64 pcmFramesToDecode = pcmFrameIndex - runningPCMFrameCount;
            if (!isMidFrame) {
                drflac_result result = drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac);
                if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                    return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFramesToDecode) == pcmFramesToDecode;
                } else {
                    if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                        goto next_iteration;
                    } else {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFramesToDecode) == pcmFramesToDecode;
            }
        } else {
            if (!isMidFrame) {
                drflac_result result = drflac__seek_to_next_flac_frame(pFlac);
                if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                    runningPCMFrameCount += pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame;
                } else {
                    if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                        goto next_iteration;
                    } else {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                runningPCMFrameCount += pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining = 0;
                isMidFrame = DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (pcmFrameIndex == pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount && runningPCMFrameCount == pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount) {
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            }
        }
    next_iteration:
        if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
}
#if !defined(DR_FLAC_NO_CRC)
#define DRFLAC_BINARY_SEARCH_APPROX_COMPRESSION_RATIO 0.6f
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_approximate_flac_frame_to_byte(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 targetByte, drflac_uint64 rangeLo, drflac_uint64 rangeHi, drflac_uint64* pLastSuccessfulSeekOffset)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pLastSuccessfulSeekOffset != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(targetByte >= rangeLo);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(targetByte <= rangeHi);
    *pLastSuccessfulSeekOffset = pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes;
    for (;;) {
        if (!drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, targetByte)) {
            if (targetByte == 0) {
                drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac);
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            targetByte = rangeLo + ((rangeHi - rangeLo)/2);
            rangeHi = targetByte;
        } else {
            DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(&pFlac->currentFLACFrame, sizeof(pFlac->currentFLACFrame));
#if 1
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(pFlac)) {
                targetByte = rangeLo + ((rangeHi - rangeLo)/2);
                rangeHi = targetByte;
            } else {
                break;
            }
#else
            if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
                targetByte = rangeLo + ((rangeHi - rangeLo)/2);
                rangeHi = targetByte;
            } else {
                break;
            }
#endif
        }
    }
    drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(pFlac, &pFlac->currentPCMFrame, NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(targetByte <= rangeHi);
    *pLastSuccessfulSeekOffset = targetByte;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__decode_flac_frame_and_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 offset)
{
#if 0
    if (drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac) != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
        if (drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(pFlac) == DRFLAC_FALSE) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
#endif
    return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, offset) == offset;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__binary_search_internal(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex, drflac_uint64 byteRangeLo, drflac_uint64 byteRangeHi)
{
    drflac_uint64 targetByte;
    drflac_uint64 pcmRangeLo = pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount;
    drflac_uint64 pcmRangeHi = 0;
    drflac_uint64 lastSuccessfulSeekOffset = (drflac_uint64)-1;
    drflac_uint64 closestSeekOffsetBeforeTargetPCMFrame = byteRangeLo;
    drflac_uint32 seekForwardThreshold = (pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames != 0) ? pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames*2 : 4096;
    targetByte = byteRangeLo + (drflac_uint64)(((drflac_int64)((pcmFrameIndex - pFlac->currentPCMFrame) * pFlac->channels * pFlac->bitsPerSample)/8.0f) * DRFLAC_BINARY_SEARCH_APPROX_COMPRESSION_RATIO);
    if (targetByte > byteRangeHi) {
        targetByte = byteRangeHi;
    }
    for (;;) {
        if (drflac__seek_to_approximate_flac_frame_to_byte(pFlac, targetByte, byteRangeLo, byteRangeHi, &lastSuccessfulSeekOffset)) {
            drflac_uint64 newPCMRangeLo;
            drflac_uint64 newPCMRangeHi;
            drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(pFlac, &newPCMRangeLo, &newPCMRangeHi);
            if (pcmRangeLo == newPCMRangeLo) {
                if (!drflac__seek_to_approximate_flac_frame_to_byte(pFlac, closestSeekOffsetBeforeTargetPCMFrame, closestSeekOffsetBeforeTargetPCMFrame, byteRangeHi, &lastSuccessfulSeekOffset)) {
                    break;
                }
                if (drflac__decode_flac_frame_and_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex - pFlac->currentPCMFrame)) {
                    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            }
            pcmRangeLo = newPCMRangeLo;
            pcmRangeHi = newPCMRangeHi;
            if (pcmRangeLo <= pcmFrameIndex && pcmRangeHi >= pcmFrameIndex) {
                if (drflac__decode_flac_frame_and_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex - pFlac->currentPCMFrame) ) {
                    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
                } else {
                    break;
                }
            } else {
                const float approxCompressionRatio = (drflac_int64)(lastSuccessfulSeekOffset - pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes) / ((drflac_int64)(pcmRangeLo * pFlac->channels * pFlac->bitsPerSample)/8.0f);
                if (pcmRangeLo > pcmFrameIndex) {
                    byteRangeHi = lastSuccessfulSeekOffset;
                    if (byteRangeLo > byteRangeHi) {
                        byteRangeLo = byteRangeHi;
                    }
                    targetByte = byteRangeLo + ((byteRangeHi - byteRangeLo) / 2);
                    if (targetByte < byteRangeLo) {
                        targetByte = byteRangeLo;
                    }
                } else  {
                    if ((pcmFrameIndex - pcmRangeLo) < seekForwardThreshold) {
                        if (drflac__decode_flac_frame_and_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex - pFlac->currentPCMFrame)) {
                            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
                        } else {
                            break;
                        }
                    } else {
                        byteRangeLo = lastSuccessfulSeekOffset;
                        if (byteRangeHi < byteRangeLo) {
                            byteRangeHi = byteRangeLo;
                        }
                        targetByte = lastSuccessfulSeekOffset + (drflac_uint64)(((drflac_int64)((pcmFrameIndex-pcmRangeLo) * pFlac->channels * pFlac->bitsPerSample)/8.0f) * approxCompressionRatio);
                        if (targetByte > byteRangeHi) {
                            targetByte = byteRangeHi;
                        }
                        if (closestSeekOffsetBeforeTargetPCMFrame < lastSuccessfulSeekOffset) {
                            closestSeekOffsetBeforeTargetPCMFrame = lastSuccessfulSeekOffset;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac);
    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__binary_search(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex)
{
    drflac_uint64 byteRangeLo;
    drflac_uint64 byteRangeHi;
    drflac_uint32 seekForwardThreshold = (pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames != 0) ? pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames*2 : 4096;
    if (drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac) == DRFLAC_FALSE) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (pcmFrameIndex < seekForwardThreshold) {
        return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex) == pcmFrameIndex;
    }
    byteRangeLo = pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes;
    byteRangeHi = pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes + (drflac_uint64)((drflac_int64)(pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount * pFlac->channels * pFlac->bitsPerSample)/8.0f);
    return drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__binary_search_internal(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex, byteRangeLo, byteRangeHi);
}
#endif
static drflac_bool32 drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__seek_table(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex)
{
    drflac_uint32 iClosestSeekpoint = 0;
    drflac_bool32 isMidFrame = DRFLAC_FALSE;
    drflac_uint64 runningPCMFrameCount;
    drflac_uint32 iSeekpoint;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    if (pFlac->pSeekpoints == NULL || pFlac->seekpointCount == 0) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    for (iSeekpoint = 0; iSeekpoint < pFlac->seekpointCount; ++iSeekpoint) {
        if (pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame >= pcmFrameIndex) {
            break;
        }
        iClosestSeekpoint = iSeekpoint;
    }
    if (pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].pcmFrameCount == 0 || pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].pcmFrameCount > pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame > pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount && pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount > 0) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
#if !defined(DR_FLAC_NO_CRC)
    if (pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount > 0) {
        drflac_uint64 byteRangeLo;
        drflac_uint64 byteRangeHi;
        byteRangeHi = pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes + (drflac_uint64)((drflac_int64)(pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount * pFlac->channels * pFlac->bitsPerSample)/8.0f);
        byteRangeLo = pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes + pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset;
        if (iClosestSeekpoint < pFlac->seekpointCount-1) {
            drflac_uint32 iNextSeekpoint = iClosestSeekpoint + 1;
            if (pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset >= pFlac->pSeekpoints[iNextSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset || pFlac->pSeekpoints[iNextSeekpoint].pcmFrameCount == 0) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (pFlac->pSeekpoints[iNextSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame != (((drflac_uint64)0xFFFFFFFF << 32) | 0xFFFFFFFF)) {
                byteRangeHi = pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes + pFlac->pSeekpoints[iNextSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset - 1;
            }
        }
        if (drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes + pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset)) {
            if (drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
                drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(pFlac, &pFlac->currentPCMFrame, NULL);
                if (drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__binary_search_internal(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex, byteRangeLo, byteRangeHi)) {
                    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
#endif
    if (pcmFrameIndex >= pFlac->currentPCMFrame && pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame <= pFlac->currentPCMFrame) {
        runningPCMFrameCount = pFlac->currentPCMFrame;
        if (pFlac->currentPCMFrame == 0 && pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining == 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        } else {
            isMidFrame = DRFLAC_TRUE;
        }
    } else {
        runningPCMFrameCount = pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame;
        if (!drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes + pFlac->pSeekpoints[iClosestSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint64 pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame;
        drflac_uint64 firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame = 0;
        drflac_uint64 lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame = 0;
        drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(pFlac, &firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame, &lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame);
        pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame = (lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame - firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame) + 1;
        if (pcmFrameIndex < (runningPCMFrameCount + pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame)) {
            drflac_uint64 pcmFramesToDecode = pcmFrameIndex - runningPCMFrameCount;
            if (!isMidFrame) {
                drflac_result result = drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac);
                if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                    return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFramesToDecode) == pcmFramesToDecode;
                } else {
                    if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                        goto next_iteration;
                    } else {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFramesToDecode) == pcmFramesToDecode;
            }
        } else {
            if (!isMidFrame) {
                drflac_result result = drflac__seek_to_next_flac_frame(pFlac);
                if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                    runningPCMFrameCount += pcmFrameCountInThisFLACFrame;
                } else {
                    if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                        goto next_iteration;
                    } else {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                runningPCMFrameCount += pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining = 0;
                isMidFrame = DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (pcmFrameIndex == pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount && runningPCMFrameCount == pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount) {
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            }
        }
    next_iteration:
        if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
}
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
typedef struct
{
    drflac_uint8 capturePattern[4];
    drflac_uint8 structureVersion;
    drflac_uint8 headerType;
    drflac_uint64 granulePosition;
    drflac_uint32 serialNumber;
    drflac_uint32 sequenceNumber;
    drflac_uint32 checksum;
    drflac_uint8 segmentCount;
    drflac_uint8 segmentTable[255];
} drflac_ogg_page_header;
#endif
typedef struct
{
    drflac_read_proc onRead;
    drflac_seek_proc onSeek;
    drflac_meta_proc onMeta;
    drflac_container container;
    void* pUserData;
    void* pUserDataMD;
    drflac_uint32 sampleRate;
    drflac_uint8  channels;
    drflac_uint8  bitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    drflac_uint16 maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
    drflac_uint64 runningFilePos;
    drflac_bool32 hasStreamInfoBlock;
    drflac_bool32 hasMetadataBlocks;
    drflac_bs bs;
    drflac_frame_header firstFrameHeader;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    drflac_uint32 oggSerial;
    drflac_uint64 oggFirstBytePos;
    drflac_ogg_page_header oggBosHeader;
#endif
} drflac_init_info;
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac__decode_block_header(drflac_uint32 blockHeader, drflac_uint8* isLastBlock, drflac_uint8* blockType, drflac_uint32* blockSize)
{
    blockHeader = drflac__be2host_32(blockHeader);
    *isLastBlock = (drflac_uint8)((blockHeader & 0x80000000UL) >> 31);
    *blockType   = (drflac_uint8)((blockHeader & 0x7F000000UL) >> 24);
    *blockSize   =                (blockHeader & 0x00FFFFFFUL);
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_uint8* isLastBlock, drflac_uint8* blockType, drflac_uint32* blockSize)
{
    drflac_uint32 blockHeader;
    *blockSize = 0;
    if (onRead(pUserData, &blockHeader, 4) != 4) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    drflac__decode_block_header(blockHeader, isLastBlock, blockType, blockSize);
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_streaminfo(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_streaminfo* pStreamInfo)
{
    drflac_uint32 blockSizes;
    drflac_uint64 frameSizes = 0;
    drflac_uint64 importantProps;
    drflac_uint8 md5[16];
    if (onRead(pUserData, &blockSizes, 4) != 4) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &frameSizes, 6) != 6) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, &importantProps, 8) != 8) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, md5, sizeof(md5)) != sizeof(md5)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    blockSizes     = drflac__be2host_32(blockSizes);
    frameSizes     = drflac__be2host_64(frameSizes);
    importantProps = drflac__be2host_64(importantProps);
    pStreamInfo->minBlockSizeInPCMFrames = (drflac_uint16)((blockSizes & 0xFFFF0000) >> 16);
    pStreamInfo->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames = (drflac_uint16) (blockSizes & 0x0000FFFF);
    pStreamInfo->minFrameSizeInPCMFrames = (drflac_uint32)((frameSizes     &  (((drflac_uint64)0x00FFFFFF << 16) << 24)) >> 40);
    pStreamInfo->maxFrameSizeInPCMFrames = (drflac_uint32)((frameSizes     &  (((drflac_uint64)0x00FFFFFF << 16) <<  0)) >> 16);
    pStreamInfo->sampleRate              = (drflac_uint32)((importantProps &  (((drflac_uint64)0x000FFFFF << 16) << 28)) >> 44);
    pStreamInfo->channels                = (drflac_uint8 )((importantProps &  (((drflac_uint64)0x0000000E << 16) << 24)) >> 41) + 1;
    pStreamInfo->bitsPerSample           = (drflac_uint8 )((importantProps &  (((drflac_uint64)0x0000001F << 16) << 20)) >> 36) + 1;
    pStreamInfo->totalPCMFrameCount      =                ((importantProps & ((((drflac_uint64)0x0000000F << 16) << 16) | 0xFFFFFFFF)));
    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(pStreamInfo->md5, md5, sizeof(md5));
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static void* drflac__malloc_default(size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return DRFLAC_MALLOC(sz);
}
static void* drflac__realloc_default(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return DRFLAC_REALLOC(p, sz);
}
static void drflac__free_default(void* p, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    DRFLAC_FREE(p);
}
static void* drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(size_t sz, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(NULL, sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    return NULL;
}
static void* drflac__realloc_from_callbacks(void* p, size_t szNew, size_t szOld, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(p, szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL && pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        void* p2;
        p2 = pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        if (p2 == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (p != NULL) {
            DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(p2, p, szOld);
            pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        }
        return p2;
    }
    return NULL;
}
static void drflac__free_from_callbacks(void* p, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (p == NULL || pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__read_and_decode_metadata(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, drflac_uint64* pFirstFramePos, drflac_uint64* pSeektablePos, drflac_uint32* pSeektableSize, drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac_uint64 runningFilePos = 42;
    drflac_uint64 seektablePos   = 0;
    drflac_uint32 seektableSize  = 0;
    for (;;) {
        drflac_metadata metadata;
        drflac_uint8 isLastBlock = 0;
        drflac_uint8 blockType;
        drflac_uint32 blockSize;
        if (drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(onRead, pUserData, &isLastBlock, &blockType, &blockSize) == DRFLAC_FALSE) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        runningFilePos += 4;
        metadata.type = blockType;
        metadata.pRawData = NULL;
        metadata.rawDataSize = 0;
        switch (blockType)
        {
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_APPLICATION:
            {
                if (blockSize < 4) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                if (onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    metadata.data.application.id       = drflac__be2host_32(*(drflac_uint32*)pRawData);
                    metadata.data.application.pData    = (const void*)((drflac_uint8*)pRawData + sizeof(drflac_uint32));
                    metadata.data.application.dataSize = blockSize - sizeof(drflac_uint32);
                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                }
            } break;
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_SEEKTABLE:
            {
                seektablePos  = runningFilePos;
                seektableSize = blockSize;
                if (onMeta) {
                    drflac_uint32 iSeekpoint;
                    void* pRawData;
                    pRawData = drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    metadata.data.seektable.seekpointCount = blockSize/sizeof(drflac_seekpoint);
                    metadata.data.seektable.pSeekpoints = (const drflac_seekpoint*)pRawData;
                    for (iSeekpoint = 0; iSeekpoint < metadata.data.seektable.seekpointCount; ++iSeekpoint) {
                        drflac_seekpoint* pSeekpoint = (drflac_seekpoint*)pRawData + iSeekpoint;
                        pSeekpoint->firstPCMFrame   = drflac__be2host_64(pSeekpoint->firstPCMFrame);
                        pSeekpoint->flacFrameOffset = drflac__be2host_64(pSeekpoint->flacFrameOffset);
                        pSeekpoint->pcmFrameCount   = drflac__be2host_16(pSeekpoint->pcmFrameCount);
                    }
                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                }
            } break;
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_VORBIS_COMMENT:
            {
                if (blockSize < 8) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                if (onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData;
                    const char* pRunningData;
                    const char* pRunningDataEnd;
                    drflac_uint32 i;
                    pRawData = drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    pRunningData    = (const char*)pRawData;
                    pRunningDataEnd = (const char*)pRawData + blockSize;
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendorLength = drflac__le2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    if ((pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData) - 4 < (drflac_int64)metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendorLength) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendor       = pRunningData;                                            pRunningData += metadata.data.vorbis_comment.vendorLength;
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.commentCount = drflac__le2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    if ((pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData) / sizeof(drflac_uint32) < metadata.data.vorbis_comment.commentCount) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.data.vorbis_comment.pComments    = pRunningData;
                    for (i = 0; i < metadata.data.vorbis_comment.commentCount; ++i) {
                        drflac_uint32 commentLength;
                        if (pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData < 4) {
                            drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                        commentLength = drflac__le2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                        if (pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData < (drflac_int64)commentLength) {
                            drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                        pRunningData += commentLength;
                    }
                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                }
            } break;
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_CUESHEET:
            {
                if (blockSize < 396) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                if (onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData;
                    const char* pRunningData;
                    const char* pRunningDataEnd;
                    drflac_uint8 iTrack;
                    drflac_uint8 iIndex;
                    pRawData = drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    pRunningData    = (const char*)pRawData;
                    pRunningDataEnd = (const char*)pRawData + blockSize;
                    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(metadata.data.cuesheet.catalog, pRunningData, 128);                              pRunningData += 128;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.leadInSampleCount = drflac__be2host_64(*(const drflac_uint64*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 8;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.isCD              = (pRunningData[0] & 0x80) != 0;                           pRunningData += 259;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.trackCount        = pRunningData[0];                                         pRunningData += 1;
                    metadata.data.cuesheet.pTrackData        = pRunningData;
                    for (iTrack = 0; iTrack < metadata.data.cuesheet.trackCount; ++iTrack) {
                        drflac_uint8 indexCount;
                        drflac_uint32 indexPointSize;
                        if (pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData < 36) {
                            drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                        pRunningData += 35;
                        indexCount = pRunningData[0]; pRunningData += 1;
                        indexPointSize = indexCount * sizeof(drflac_cuesheet_track_index);
                        if (pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData < (drflac_int64)indexPointSize) {
                            drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                        for (iIndex = 0; iIndex < indexCount; ++iIndex) {
                            drflac_cuesheet_track_index* pTrack = (drflac_cuesheet_track_index*)pRunningData;
                            pRunningData += sizeof(drflac_cuesheet_track_index);
                            pTrack->offset = drflac__be2host_64(pTrack->offset);
                        }
                    }
                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                }
            } break;
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PICTURE:
            {
                if (blockSize < 32) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                if (onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData;
                    const char* pRunningData;
                    const char* pRunningDataEnd;
                    pRawData = drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    pRunningData    = (const char*)pRawData;
                    pRunningDataEnd = (const char*)pRawData + blockSize;
                    metadata.data.picture.type       = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.mimeLength = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    if ((pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData) - 24 < (drflac_int64)metadata.data.picture.mimeLength) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.data.picture.mime              = pRunningData;                                            pRunningData += metadata.data.picture.mimeLength;
                    metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    if ((pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData) - 20 < (drflac_int64)metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.data.picture.description     = pRunningData;                                            pRunningData += metadata.data.picture.descriptionLength;
                    metadata.data.picture.width           = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.height          = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.colorDepth      = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.indexColorCount = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
                    metadata.data.picture.pPictureData    = (const drflac_uint8*)pRunningData;
                    if (pRunningDataEnd - pRunningData < (drflac_int64)metadata.data.picture.pictureDataSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                }
            } break;
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_PADDING:
            {
                if (onMeta) {
                    metadata.data.padding.unused = 0;
                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        isLastBlock = DRFLAC_TRUE;
                    } else {
                        onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    }
                }
            } break;
            case DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_INVALID:
            {
                if (onMeta) {
                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        isLastBlock = DRFLAC_TRUE;
                    }
                }
            } break;
            default:
            {
                if (onMeta) {
                    void* pRawData = drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(blockSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
                    if (pRawData == NULL) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, pRawData, blockSize) != blockSize) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    metadata.pRawData = pRawData;
                    metadata.rawDataSize = blockSize;
                    onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pRawData, pAllocationCallbacks);
                }
            } break;
        }
        if (onMeta == NULL && blockSize > 0) {
            if (!onSeek(pUserData, blockSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                isLastBlock = DRFLAC_TRUE;
            }
        }
        runningFilePos += blockSize;
        if (isLastBlock) {
            break;
        }
    }
    *pSeektablePos = seektablePos;
    *pSeektableSize = seektableSize;
    *pFirstFramePos = runningFilePos;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__init_private__native(drflac_init_info* pInit, drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, drflac_bool32 relaxed)
{
    drflac_uint8 isLastBlock;
    drflac_uint8 blockType;
    drflac_uint32 blockSize;
    (void)onSeek;
    pInit->container = drflac_container_native;
    if (!drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(onRead, pUserData, &isLastBlock, &blockType, &blockSize)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (blockType != DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO || blockSize != 34) {
        if (!relaxed) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        } else {
            pInit->hasStreamInfoBlock = DRFLAC_FALSE;
            pInit->hasMetadataBlocks  = DRFLAC_FALSE;
            if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pInit->bs, 0, &pInit->firstFrameHeader)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if (pInit->firstFrameHeader.bitsPerSample == 0) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            pInit->sampleRate              = pInit->firstFrameHeader.sampleRate;
            pInit->channels                = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pInit->firstFrameHeader.channelAssignment);
            pInit->bitsPerSample           = pInit->firstFrameHeader.bitsPerSample;
            pInit->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames = 65535;
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        }
    } else {
        drflac_streaminfo streaminfo;
        if (!drflac__read_streaminfo(onRead, pUserData, &streaminfo)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pInit->hasStreamInfoBlock      = DRFLAC_TRUE;
        pInit->sampleRate              = streaminfo.sampleRate;
        pInit->channels                = streaminfo.channels;
        pInit->bitsPerSample           = streaminfo.bitsPerSample;
        pInit->totalPCMFrameCount      = streaminfo.totalPCMFrameCount;
        pInit->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames = streaminfo.maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
        pInit->hasMetadataBlocks       = !isLastBlock;
        if (onMeta) {
            drflac_metadata metadata;
            metadata.type = DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO;
            metadata.pRawData = NULL;
            metadata.rawDataSize = 0;
            metadata.data.streaminfo = streaminfo;
            onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
        }
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
#define DRFLAC_OGG_MAX_PAGE_SIZE            65307
#define DRFLAC_OGG_CAPTURE_PATTERN_CRC32    1605413199
typedef enum
{
    drflac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch,
    drflac_ogg_fail_on_crc_mismatch
} drflac_ogg_crc_mismatch_recovery;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
static drflac_uint32 drflac__crc32_table[] = {
    0x00000000L, 0x04C11DB7L, 0x09823B6EL, 0x0D4326D9L,
    0x130476DCL, 0x17C56B6BL, 0x1A864DB2L, 0x1E475005L,
    0x2608EDB8L, 0x22C9F00FL, 0x2F8AD6D6L, 0x2B4BCB61L,
    0x350C9B64L, 0x31CD86D3L, 0x3C8EA00AL, 0x384FBDBDL,
    0x4C11DB70L, 0x48D0C6C7L, 0x4593E01EL, 0x4152FDA9L,
    0x5F15ADACL, 0x5BD4B01BL, 0x569796C2L, 0x52568B75L,
    0x6A1936C8L, 0x6ED82B7FL, 0x639B0DA6L, 0x675A1011L,
    0x791D4014L, 0x7DDC5DA3L, 0x709F7B7AL, 0x745E66CDL,
    0x9823B6E0L, 0x9CE2AB57L, 0x91A18D8EL, 0x95609039L,
    0x8B27C03CL, 0x8FE6DD8BL, 0x82A5FB52L, 0x8664E6E5L,
    0xBE2B5B58L, 0xBAEA46EFL, 0xB7A96036L, 0xB3687D81L,
    0xAD2F2D84L, 0xA9EE3033L, 0xA4AD16EAL, 0xA06C0B5DL,
    0xD4326D90L, 0xD0F37027L, 0xDDB056FEL, 0xD9714B49L,
    0xC7361B4CL, 0xC3F706FBL, 0xCEB42022L, 0xCA753D95L,
    0xF23A8028L, 0xF6FB9D9FL, 0xFBB8BB46L, 0xFF79A6F1L,
    0xE13EF6F4L, 0xE5FFEB43L, 0xE8BCCD9AL, 0xEC7DD02DL,
    0x34867077L, 0x30476DC0L, 0x3D044B19L, 0x39C556AEL,
    0x278206ABL, 0x23431B1CL, 0x2E003DC5L, 0x2AC12072L,
    0x128E9DCFL, 0x164F8078L, 0x1B0CA6A1L, 0x1FCDBB16L,
    0x018AEB13L, 0x054BF6A4L, 0x0808D07DL, 0x0CC9CDCAL,
    0x7897AB07L, 0x7C56B6B0L, 0x71159069L, 0x75D48DDEL,
    0x6B93DDDBL, 0x6F52C06CL, 0x6211E6B5L, 0x66D0FB02L,
    0x5E9F46BFL, 0x5A5E5B08L, 0x571D7DD1L, 0x53DC6066L,
    0x4D9B3063L, 0x495A2DD4L, 0x44190B0DL, 0x40D816BAL,
    0xACA5C697L, 0xA864DB20L, 0xA527FDF9L, 0xA1E6E04EL,
    0xBFA1B04BL, 0xBB60ADFCL, 0xB6238B25L, 0xB2E29692L,
    0x8AAD2B2FL, 0x8E6C3698L, 0x832F1041L, 0x87EE0DF6L,
    0x99A95DF3L, 0x9D684044L, 0x902B669DL, 0x94EA7B2AL,
    0xE0B41DE7L, 0xE4750050L, 0xE9362689L, 0xEDF73B3EL,
    0xF3B06B3BL, 0xF771768CL, 0xFA325055L, 0xFEF34DE2L,
    0xC6BCF05FL, 0xC27DEDE8L, 0xCF3ECB31L, 0xCBFFD686L,
    0xD5B88683L, 0xD1799B34L, 0xDC3ABDEDL, 0xD8FBA05AL,
    0x690CE0EEL, 0x6DCDFD59L, 0x608EDB80L, 0x644FC637L,
    0x7A089632L, 0x7EC98B85L, 0x738AAD5CL, 0x774BB0EBL,
    0x4F040D56L, 0x4BC510E1L, 0x46863638L, 0x42472B8FL,
    0x5C007B8AL, 0x58C1663DL, 0x558240E4L, 0x51435D53L,
    0x251D3B9EL, 0x21DC2629L, 0x2C9F00F0L, 0x285E1D47L,
    0x36194D42L, 0x32D850F5L, 0x3F9B762CL, 0x3B5A6B9BL,
    0x0315D626L, 0x07D4CB91L, 0x0A97ED48L, 0x0E56F0FFL,
    0x1011A0FAL, 0x14D0BD4DL, 0x19939B94L, 0x1D528623L,
    0xF12F560EL, 0xF5EE4BB9L, 0xF8AD6D60L, 0xFC6C70D7L,
    0xE22B20D2L, 0xE6EA3D65L, 0xEBA91BBCL, 0xEF68060BL,
    0xD727BBB6L, 0xD3E6A601L, 0xDEA580D8L, 0xDA649D6FL,
    0xC423CD6AL, 0xC0E2D0DDL, 0xCDA1F604L, 0xC960EBB3L,
    0xBD3E8D7EL, 0xB9FF90C9L, 0xB4BCB610L, 0xB07DABA7L,
    0xAE3AFBA2L, 0xAAFBE615L, 0xA7B8C0CCL, 0xA379DD7BL,
    0x9B3660C6L, 0x9FF77D71L, 0x92B45BA8L, 0x9675461FL,
    0x8832161AL, 0x8CF30BADL, 0x81B02D74L, 0x857130C3L,
    0x5D8A9099L, 0x594B8D2EL, 0x5408ABF7L, 0x50C9B640L,
    0x4E8EE645L, 0x4A4FFBF2L, 0x470CDD2BL, 0x43CDC09CL,
    0x7B827D21L, 0x7F436096L, 0x7200464FL, 0x76C15BF8L,
    0x68860BFDL, 0x6C47164AL, 0x61043093L, 0x65C52D24L,
    0x119B4BE9L, 0x155A565EL, 0x18197087L, 0x1CD86D30L,
    0x029F3D35L, 0x065E2082L, 0x0B1D065BL, 0x0FDC1BECL,
    0x3793A651L, 0x3352BBE6L, 0x3E119D3FL, 0x3AD08088L,
    0x2497D08DL, 0x2056CD3AL, 0x2D15EBE3L, 0x29D4F654L,
    0xC5A92679L, 0xC1683BCEL, 0xCC2B1D17L, 0xC8EA00A0L,
    0xD6AD50A5L, 0xD26C4D12L, 0xDF2F6BCBL, 0xDBEE767CL,
    0xE3A1CBC1L, 0xE760D676L, 0xEA23F0AFL, 0xEEE2ED18L,
    0xF0A5BD1DL, 0xF464A0AAL, 0xF9278673L, 0xFDE69BC4L,
    0x89B8FD09L, 0x8D79E0BEL, 0x803AC667L, 0x84FBDBD0L,
    0x9ABC8BD5L, 0x9E7D9662L, 0x933EB0BBL, 0x97FFAD0CL,
    0xAFB010B1L, 0xAB710D06L, 0xA6322BDFL, 0xA2F33668L,
    0xBCB4666DL, 0xB8757BDAL, 0xB5365D03L, 0xB1F740B4L
};
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac_crc32_byte(drflac_uint32 crc32, drflac_uint8 data)
{
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
    return (crc32 << 8) ^ drflac__crc32_table[(drflac_uint8)((crc32 >> 24) & 0xFF) ^ data];
#else
    (void)data;
    return crc32;
#endif
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac_crc32_uint32(drflac_uint32 crc32, drflac_uint32 data)
{
    crc32 = drflac_crc32_byte(crc32, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 24) & 0xFF));
    crc32 = drflac_crc32_byte(crc32, (drflac_uint8)((data >> 16) & 0xFF));
    crc32 = drflac_crc32_byte(crc32, (drflac_uint8)((data >>  8) & 0xFF));
    crc32 = drflac_crc32_byte(crc32, (drflac_uint8)((data >>  0) & 0xFF));
    return crc32;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac_crc32_uint64(drflac_uint32 crc32, drflac_uint64 data)
{
    crc32 = drflac_crc32_uint32(crc32, (drflac_uint32)((data >> 32) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
    crc32 = drflac_crc32_uint32(crc32, (drflac_uint32)((data >>  0) & 0xFFFFFFFF));
    return crc32;
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac_crc32_buffer(drflac_uint32 crc32, drflac_uint8* pData, drflac_uint32 dataSize)
{
    drflac_uint32 i;
    for (i = 0; i < dataSize; ++i) {
        crc32 = drflac_crc32_byte(crc32, pData[i]);
    }
    return crc32;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_bool32 drflac_ogg__is_capture_pattern(drflac_uint8 pattern[4])
{
    return pattern[0] == 'O' && pattern[1] == 'g' && pattern[2] == 'g' && pattern[3] == 'S';
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac_ogg__get_page_header_size(drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader)
{
    return 27 + pHeader->segmentCount;
}
static DRFLAC_INLINE drflac_uint32 drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader)
{
    drflac_uint32 pageBodySize = 0;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < pHeader->segmentCount; ++i) {
        pageBodySize += pHeader->segmentTable[i];
    }
    return pageBodySize;
}
static drflac_result drflac_ogg__read_page_header_after_capture_pattern(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader, drflac_uint32* pBytesRead, drflac_uint32* pCRC32)
{
    drflac_uint8 data[23];
    drflac_uint32 i;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(*pCRC32 == DRFLAC_OGG_CAPTURE_PATTERN_CRC32);
    if (onRead(pUserData, data, 23) != 23) {
        return DRFLAC_AT_END;
    }
    *pBytesRead += 23;
    pHeader->capturePattern[0] = 'O';
    pHeader->capturePattern[1] = 'g';
    pHeader->capturePattern[2] = 'g';
    pHeader->capturePattern[3] = 'S';
    pHeader->structureVersion = data[0];
    pHeader->headerType       = data[1];
    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(&pHeader->granulePosition, &data[ 2], 8);
    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(&pHeader->serialNumber,    &data[10], 4);
    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(&pHeader->sequenceNumber,  &data[14], 4);
    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(&pHeader->checksum,        &data[18], 4);
    pHeader->segmentCount     = data[22];
    data[18] = 0;
    data[19] = 0;
    data[20] = 0;
    data[21] = 0;
    for (i = 0; i < 23; ++i) {
        *pCRC32 = drflac_crc32_byte(*pCRC32, data[i]);
    }
    if (onRead(pUserData, pHeader->segmentTable, pHeader->segmentCount) != pHeader->segmentCount) {
        return DRFLAC_AT_END;
    }
    *pBytesRead += pHeader->segmentCount;
    for (i = 0; i < pHeader->segmentCount; ++i) {
        *pCRC32 = drflac_crc32_byte(*pCRC32, pHeader->segmentTable[i]);
    }
    return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
}
static drflac_result drflac_ogg__read_page_header(drflac_read_proc onRead, void* pUserData, drflac_ogg_page_header* pHeader, drflac_uint32* pBytesRead, drflac_uint32* pCRC32)
{
    drflac_uint8 id[4];
    *pBytesRead = 0;
    if (onRead(pUserData, id, 4) != 4) {
        return DRFLAC_AT_END;
    }
    *pBytesRead += 4;
    for (;;) {
        if (drflac_ogg__is_capture_pattern(id)) {
            drflac_result result;
            *pCRC32 = DRFLAC_OGG_CAPTURE_PATTERN_CRC32;
            result = drflac_ogg__read_page_header_after_capture_pattern(onRead, pUserData, pHeader, pBytesRead, pCRC32);
            if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
            } else {
                if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                    continue;
                } else {
                    return result;
                }
            }
        } else {
            id[0] = id[1];
            id[1] = id[2];
            id[2] = id[3];
            if (onRead(pUserData, &id[3], 1) != 1) {
                return DRFLAC_AT_END;
            }
            *pBytesRead += 1;
        }
    }
}
typedef struct
{
    drflac_read_proc onRead;
    drflac_seek_proc onSeek;
    void* pUserData;
    drflac_uint64 currentBytePos;
    drflac_uint64 firstBytePos;
    drflac_uint32 serialNumber;
    drflac_ogg_page_header bosPageHeader;
    drflac_ogg_page_header currentPageHeader;
    drflac_uint32 bytesRemainingInPage;
    drflac_uint32 pageDataSize;
    drflac_uint8 pageData[DRFLAC_OGG_MAX_PAGE_SIZE];
} drflac_oggbs;
static size_t drflac_oggbs__read_physical(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    size_t bytesActuallyRead = oggbs->onRead(oggbs->pUserData, bufferOut, bytesToRead);
    oggbs->currentBytePos += bytesActuallyRead;
    return bytesActuallyRead;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, drflac_uint64 offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    if (origin == drflac_seek_origin_start) {
        if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            oggbs->currentBytePos = offset;
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        } else {
            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            oggbs->currentBytePos = offset;
            return drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, offset - 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_current);
        }
    } else {
        while (offset > 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, 0x7FFFFFFF, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            oggbs->currentBytePos += 0x7FFFFFFF;
            offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        }
        if (!oggbs->onSeek(oggbs->pUserData, (int)offset, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        oggbs->currentBytePos += offset;
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, drflac_ogg_crc_mismatch_recovery recoveryMethod)
{
    drflac_ogg_page_header header;
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint32 crc32 = 0;
        drflac_uint32 bytesRead;
        drflac_uint32 pageBodySize;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
        drflac_uint32 actualCRC32;
#endif
        if (drflac_ogg__read_page_header(oggbs->onRead, oggbs->pUserData, &header, &bytesRead, &crc32) != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        oggbs->currentBytePos += bytesRead;
        pageBodySize = drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(&header);
        if (pageBodySize > DRFLAC_OGG_MAX_PAGE_SIZE) {
            continue;
        }
        if (header.serialNumber != oggbs->serialNumber) {
            if (pageBodySize > 0 && !drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, pageBodySize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            continue;
        }
        if (drflac_oggbs__read_physical(oggbs, oggbs->pageData, pageBodySize) != pageBodySize) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        oggbs->pageDataSize = pageBodySize;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_CRC
        actualCRC32 = drflac_crc32_buffer(crc32, oggbs->pageData, oggbs->pageDataSize);
        if (actualCRC32 != header.checksum) {
            if (recoveryMethod == drflac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch) {
                continue;
            } else {
                drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, drflac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch);
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
#else
        (void)recoveryMethod;
#endif
        oggbs->currentPageHeader = header;
        oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = pageBodySize;
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
}
#if 0
static drflac_uint8 drflac_oggbs__get_current_segment_index(drflac_oggbs* oggbs, drflac_uint8* pBytesRemainingInSeg)
{
    drflac_uint32 bytesConsumedInPage = drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(&oggbs->currentPageHeader) - oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
    drflac_uint8 iSeg = 0;
    drflac_uint32 iByte = 0;
    while (iByte < bytesConsumedInPage) {
        drflac_uint8 segmentSize = oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[iSeg];
        if (iByte + segmentSize > bytesConsumedInPage) {
            break;
        } else {
            iSeg += 1;
            iByte += segmentSize;
        }
    }
    *pBytesRemainingInSeg = oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[iSeg] - (drflac_uint8)(bytesConsumedInPage - iByte);
    return iSeg;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_packet(drflac_oggbs* oggbs)
{
    for (;;) {
        drflac_bool32 atEndOfPage = DRFLAC_FALSE;
        drflac_uint8 bytesRemainingInSeg;
        drflac_uint8 iFirstSeg = drflac_oggbs__get_current_segment_index(oggbs, &bytesRemainingInSeg);
        drflac_uint32 bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage = bytesRemainingInSeg;
        for (drflac_uint8 iSeg = iFirstSeg; iSeg < oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentCount; ++iSeg) {
            drflac_uint8 segmentSize = oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[iSeg];
            if (segmentSize < 255) {
                if (iSeg == oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentCount-1) {
                    atEndOfPage = DRFLAC_TRUE;
                }
                break;
            }
            bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage += segmentSize;
        }
        drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage, drflac_seek_origin_current);
        oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesToEndOfPacketOrPage;
        if (atEndOfPage) {
            if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            if ((oggbs->currentPageHeader.headerType & 0x01) == 0) {
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            }
        } else {
            return DRFLAC_TRUE;
        }
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_frame(drflac_oggbs* oggbs)
{
    return drflac_oggbs__seek_to_next_packet(oggbs);
}
#endif
static size_t drflac__on_read_ogg(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pUserData;
    drflac_uint8* pRunningBufferOut = (drflac_uint8*)bufferOut;
    size_t bytesRead = 0;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(oggbs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pRunningBufferOut != NULL);
    while (bytesRead < bytesToRead) {
        size_t bytesRemainingToRead = bytesToRead - bytesRead;
        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage >= bytesRemainingToRead) {
            DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(pRunningBufferOut, oggbs->pageData + (oggbs->pageDataSize - oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage), bytesRemainingToRead);
            bytesRead += bytesRemainingToRead;
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= (drflac_uint32)bytesRemainingToRead;
            break;
        }
        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage > 0) {
            DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(pRunningBufferOut, oggbs->pageData + (oggbs->pageDataSize - oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage), oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage);
            bytesRead += oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
            pRunningBufferOut += oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;
        }
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToRead > 0);
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, drflac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch)) {
            break;
        }
    }
    return bytesRead;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__on_seek_ogg(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pUserData;
    int bytesSeeked = 0;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(oggbs != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
    if (origin == drflac_seek_origin_start) {
        if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, (int)oggbs->firstBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, drflac_ogg_fail_on_crc_mismatch)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        return drflac__on_seek_ogg(pUserData, offset, drflac_seek_origin_current);
    }
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(origin == drflac_seek_origin_current);
    while (bytesSeeked < offset) {
        int bytesRemainingToSeek = offset - bytesSeeked;
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToSeek >= 0);
        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage >= (size_t)bytesRemainingToSeek) {
            bytesSeeked += bytesRemainingToSeek;
            (void)bytesSeeked;
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage -= bytesRemainingToSeek;
            break;
        }
        if (oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage > 0) {
            bytesSeeked += (int)oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage;
            oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;
        }
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(bytesRemainingToSeek > 0);
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, drflac_ogg_fail_on_crc_mismatch)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac_ogg__seek_to_pcm_frame(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex)
{
    drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pFlac->_oggbs;
    drflac_uint64 originalBytePos;
    drflac_uint64 runningGranulePosition;
    drflac_uint64 runningFrameBytePos;
    drflac_uint64 runningPCMFrameCount;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(oggbs != NULL);
    originalBytePos = oggbs->currentBytePos;
    if (!drflac__seek_to_byte(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    oggbs->bytesRemainingInPage = 0;
    runningGranulePosition = 0;
    for (;;) {
        if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, drflac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch)) {
            drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, originalBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start);
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        runningFrameBytePos = oggbs->currentBytePos - drflac_ogg__get_page_header_size(&oggbs->currentPageHeader) - oggbs->pageDataSize;
        if (oggbs->currentPageHeader.granulePosition >= pcmFrameIndex) {
            break;
        }
        if ((oggbs->currentPageHeader.headerType & 0x01) == 0) {
            if (oggbs->currentPageHeader.segmentTable[0] >= 2) {
                drflac_uint8 firstBytesInPage[2];
                firstBytesInPage[0] = oggbs->pageData[0];
                firstBytesInPage[1] = oggbs->pageData[1];
                if ((firstBytesInPage[0] == 0xFF) && (firstBytesInPage[1] & 0xFC) == 0xF8) {
                    runningGranulePosition = oggbs->currentPageHeader.granulePosition;
                }
                continue;
            }
        }
    }
    if (!drflac_oggbs__seek_physical(oggbs, runningFrameBytePos, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drflac_oggbs__goto_next_page(oggbs, drflac_ogg_recover_on_crc_mismatch)) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    runningPCMFrameCount = runningGranulePosition;
    for (;;) {
        drflac_uint64 firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame = 0;
        drflac_uint64 lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame = 0;
        drflac_uint64 pcmFrameCountInThisFrame;
        if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        drflac__get_pcm_frame_range_of_current_flac_frame(pFlac, &firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame, &lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame);
        pcmFrameCountInThisFrame = (lastPCMFrameInFLACFrame - firstPCMFrameInFLACFrame) + 1;
        if (pcmFrameIndex == pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount && (runningPCMFrameCount + pcmFrameCountInThisFrame) == pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount) {
            drflac_result result = drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac);
            if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                pFlac->currentPCMFrame = pcmFrameIndex;
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining = 0;
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            } else {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
        if (pcmFrameIndex < (runningPCMFrameCount + pcmFrameCountInThisFrame)) {
            drflac_result result = drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac);
            if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                drflac_uint64 pcmFramesToDecode = (size_t)(pcmFrameIndex - runningPCMFrameCount);
                if (pcmFramesToDecode == 0) {
                    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
                }
                pFlac->currentPCMFrame = runningPCMFrameCount;
                return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, pcmFramesToDecode) == pcmFramesToDecode;
            } else {
                if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                    continue;
                } else {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
            }
        } else {
            drflac_result result = drflac__seek_to_next_flac_frame(pFlac);
            if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                runningPCMFrameCount += pcmFrameCountInThisFrame;
            } else {
                if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                    continue;
                } else {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__init_private__ogg(drflac_init_info* pInit, drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, drflac_bool32 relaxed)
{
    drflac_ogg_page_header header;
    drflac_uint32 crc32 = DRFLAC_OGG_CAPTURE_PATTERN_CRC32;
    drflac_uint32 bytesRead = 0;
    (void)relaxed;
    pInit->container = drflac_container_ogg;
    pInit->oggFirstBytePos = 0;
    if (drflac_ogg__read_page_header_after_capture_pattern(onRead, pUserData, &header, &bytesRead, &crc32) != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    pInit->runningFilePos += bytesRead;
    for (;;) {
        int pageBodySize;
        if ((header.headerType & 0x02) == 0) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pageBodySize = drflac_ogg__get_page_body_size(&header);
        if (pageBodySize == 51) {
            drflac_uint32 bytesRemainingInPage = pageBodySize;
            drflac_uint8 packetType;
            if (onRead(pUserData, &packetType, 1) != 1) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            bytesRemainingInPage -= 1;
            if (packetType == 0x7F) {
                drflac_uint8 sig[4];
                if (onRead(pUserData, sig, 4) != 4) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
                bytesRemainingInPage -= 4;
                if (sig[0] == 'F' && sig[1] == 'L' && sig[2] == 'A' && sig[3] == 'C') {
                    drflac_uint8 mappingVersion[2];
                    if (onRead(pUserData, mappingVersion, 2) != 2) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (mappingVersion[0] != 1) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, 2, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (onRead(pUserData, sig, 4) != 4) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                    if (sig[0] == 'f' && sig[1] == 'L' && sig[2] == 'a' && sig[3] == 'C') {
                        drflac_streaminfo streaminfo;
                        drflac_uint8 isLastBlock;
                        drflac_uint8 blockType;
                        drflac_uint32 blockSize;
                        if (!drflac__read_and_decode_block_header(onRead, pUserData, &isLastBlock, &blockType, &blockSize)) {
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                        if (blockType != DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO || blockSize != 34) {
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                        if (drflac__read_streaminfo(onRead, pUserData, &streaminfo)) {
                            pInit->hasStreamInfoBlock      = DRFLAC_TRUE;
                            pInit->sampleRate              = streaminfo.sampleRate;
                            pInit->channels                = streaminfo.channels;
                            pInit->bitsPerSample           = streaminfo.bitsPerSample;
                            pInit->totalPCMFrameCount      = streaminfo.totalPCMFrameCount;
                            pInit->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames = streaminfo.maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
                            pInit->hasMetadataBlocks       = !isLastBlock;
                            if (onMeta) {
                                drflac_metadata metadata;
                                metadata.type = DRFLAC_METADATA_BLOCK_TYPE_STREAMINFO;
                                metadata.pRawData = NULL;
                                metadata.rawDataSize = 0;
                                metadata.data.streaminfo = streaminfo;
                                onMeta(pUserDataMD, &metadata);
                            }
                            pInit->runningFilePos  += pageBodySize;
                            pInit->oggFirstBytePos  = pInit->runningFilePos - 79;
                            pInit->oggSerial        = header.serialNumber;
                            pInit->oggBosHeader     = header;
                            break;
                        } else {
                            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                        }
                    } else {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                } else {
                    if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                    }
                }
            } else {
                if (!onSeek(pUserData, bytesRemainingInPage, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
                }
            }
        } else {
            if (!onSeek(pUserData, pageBodySize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
        }
        pInit->runningFilePos += pageBodySize;
        if (drflac_ogg__read_page_header(onRead, pUserData, &header, &bytesRead, &crc32) != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pInit->runningFilePos += bytesRead;
    }
    pInit->hasMetadataBlocks = DRFLAC_TRUE;
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#endif
static drflac_bool32 drflac__init_private(drflac_init_info* pInit, drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, drflac_container container, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD)
{
    drflac_bool32 relaxed;
    drflac_uint8 id[4];
    if (pInit == NULL || onRead == NULL || onSeek == NULL) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pInit, sizeof(*pInit));
    pInit->onRead       = onRead;
    pInit->onSeek       = onSeek;
    pInit->onMeta       = onMeta;
    pInit->container    = container;
    pInit->pUserData    = pUserData;
    pInit->pUserDataMD  = pUserDataMD;
    pInit->bs.onRead    = onRead;
    pInit->bs.onSeek    = onSeek;
    pInit->bs.pUserData = pUserData;
    drflac__reset_cache(&pInit->bs);
    relaxed = container != drflac_container_unknown;
    for (;;) {
        if (onRead(pUserData, id, 4) != 4) {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
        pInit->runningFilePos += 4;
        if (id[0] == 'I' && id[1] == 'D' && id[2] == '3') {
            drflac_uint8 header[6];
            drflac_uint8 flags;
            drflac_uint32 headerSize;
            if (onRead(pUserData, header, 6) != 6) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            pInit->runningFilePos += 6;
            flags = header[1];
            DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(&headerSize, header+2, 4);
            headerSize = drflac__unsynchsafe_32(drflac__be2host_32(headerSize));
            if (flags & 0x10) {
                headerSize += 10;
            }
            if (!onSeek(pUserData, headerSize, drflac_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRFLAC_FALSE;
            }
            pInit->runningFilePos += headerSize;
        } else {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (id[0] == 'f' && id[1] == 'L' && id[2] == 'a' && id[3] == 'C') {
        return drflac__init_private__native(pInit, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD, relaxed);
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (id[0] == 'O' && id[1] == 'g' && id[2] == 'g' && id[3] == 'S') {
        return drflac__init_private__ogg(pInit, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD, relaxed);
    }
#endif
    if (relaxed) {
        if (container == drflac_container_native) {
            return drflac__init_private__native(pInit, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD, relaxed);
        }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
        if (container == drflac_container_ogg) {
            return drflac__init_private__ogg(pInit, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, pUserData, pUserDataMD, relaxed);
        }
#endif
    }
    return DRFLAC_FALSE;
}
static void drflac__init_from_info(drflac* pFlac, const drflac_init_info* pInit)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pInit != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pFlac, sizeof(*pFlac));
    pFlac->bs                      = pInit->bs;
    pFlac->onMeta                  = pInit->onMeta;
    pFlac->pUserDataMD             = pInit->pUserDataMD;
    pFlac->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames = pInit->maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames;
    pFlac->sampleRate              = pInit->sampleRate;
    pFlac->channels                = (drflac_uint8)pInit->channels;
    pFlac->bitsPerSample           = (drflac_uint8)pInit->bitsPerSample;
    pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount      = pInit->totalPCMFrameCount;
    pFlac->container               = pInit->container;
}
static drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, drflac_container container, void* pUserData, void* pUserDataMD, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac_init_info init;
    drflac_uint32 allocationSize;
    drflac_uint32 wholeSIMDVectorCountPerChannel;
    drflac_uint32 decodedSamplesAllocationSize;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    drflac_oggbs oggbs;
#endif
    drflac_uint64 firstFramePos;
    drflac_uint64 seektablePos;
    drflac_uint32 seektableSize;
    drflac_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
    drflac* pFlac;
    drflac__init_cpu_caps();
    if (!drflac__init_private(&init, onRead, onSeek, onMeta, container, pUserData, pUserDataMD)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        allocationCallbacks = *pAllocationCallbacks;
        if (allocationCallbacks.onFree == NULL || (allocationCallbacks.onMalloc == NULL && allocationCallbacks.onRealloc == NULL)) {
            return NULL;
        }
    } else {
        allocationCallbacks.pUserData = NULL;
        allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = drflac__malloc_default;
        allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = drflac__realloc_default;
        allocationCallbacks.onFree    = drflac__free_default;
    }
    allocationSize = sizeof(drflac);
    if ((init.maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames % (DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(drflac_int32))) == 0) {
        wholeSIMDVectorCountPerChannel = (init.maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames / (DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(drflac_int32)));
    } else {
        wholeSIMDVectorCountPerChannel = (init.maxBlockSizeInPCMFrames / (DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE / sizeof(drflac_int32))) + 1;
    }
    decodedSamplesAllocationSize = wholeSIMDVectorCountPerChannel * DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE * init.channels;
    allocationSize += decodedSamplesAllocationSize;
    allocationSize += DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        allocationSize += sizeof(drflac_oggbs);
    }
    DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(&oggbs, sizeof(oggbs));
    if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        oggbs.onRead = onRead;
        oggbs.onSeek = onSeek;
        oggbs.pUserData = pUserData;
        oggbs.currentBytePos = init.oggFirstBytePos;
        oggbs.firstBytePos = init.oggFirstBytePos;
        oggbs.serialNumber = init.oggSerial;
        oggbs.bosPageHeader = init.oggBosHeader;
        oggbs.bytesRemainingInPage = 0;
    }
#endif
    firstFramePos = 42;
    seektablePos  = 0;
    seektableSize = 0;
    if (init.hasMetadataBlocks) {
        drflac_read_proc onReadOverride = onRead;
        drflac_seek_proc onSeekOverride = onSeek;
        void* pUserDataOverride = pUserData;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
        if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg) {
            onReadOverride = drflac__on_read_ogg;
            onSeekOverride = drflac__on_seek_ogg;
            pUserDataOverride = (void*)&oggbs;
        }
#endif
        if (!drflac__read_and_decode_metadata(onReadOverride, onSeekOverride, onMeta, pUserDataOverride, pUserDataMD, &firstFramePos, &seektablePos, &seektableSize, &allocationCallbacks)) {
            return NULL;
        }
        allocationSize += seektableSize;
    }
    pFlac = (drflac*)drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(allocationSize, &allocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    drflac__init_from_info(pFlac, &init);
    pFlac->allocationCallbacks = allocationCallbacks;
    pFlac->pDecodedSamples = (drflac_int32*)drflac_align((size_t)pFlac->pExtraData, DRFLAC_MAX_SIMD_VECTOR_SIZE);
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        drflac_oggbs* pInternalOggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)((drflac_uint8*)pFlac->pDecodedSamples + decodedSamplesAllocationSize + seektableSize);
        *pInternalOggbs = oggbs;
        pFlac->bs.onRead = drflac__on_read_ogg;
        pFlac->bs.onSeek = drflac__on_seek_ogg;
        pFlac->bs.pUserData = (void*)pInternalOggbs;
        pFlac->_oggbs = (void*)pInternalOggbs;
    }
#endif
    pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes = firstFramePos;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (init.container == drflac_container_ogg)
    {
        pFlac->pSeekpoints = NULL;
        pFlac->seekpointCount = 0;
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        if (seektablePos != 0) {
            pFlac->seekpointCount = seektableSize / sizeof(*pFlac->pSeekpoints);
            pFlac->pSeekpoints = (drflac_seekpoint*)((drflac_uint8*)pFlac->pDecodedSamples + decodedSamplesAllocationSize);
            DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bs.onSeek != NULL);
            DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bs.onRead != NULL);
            if (pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, (int)seektablePos, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
                if (pFlac->bs.onRead(pFlac->bs.pUserData, pFlac->pSeekpoints, seektableSize) == seektableSize) {
                    drflac_uint32 iSeekpoint;
                    for (iSeekpoint = 0; iSeekpoint < pFlac->seekpointCount; ++iSeekpoint) {
                        pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame   = drflac__be2host_64(pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].firstPCMFrame);
                        pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset = drflac__be2host_64(pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].flacFrameOffset);
                        pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].pcmFrameCount   = drflac__be2host_16(pFlac->pSeekpoints[iSeekpoint].pcmFrameCount);
                    }
                } else {
                    pFlac->pSeekpoints = NULL;
                    pFlac->seekpointCount = 0;
                }
                if (!pFlac->bs.onSeek(pFlac->bs.pUserData, (int)pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes, drflac_seek_origin_start)) {
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pFlac, &allocationCallbacks);
                    return NULL;
                }
            } else {
                pFlac->pSeekpoints = NULL;
                pFlac->seekpointCount = 0;
            }
        }
    }
    if (!init.hasStreamInfoBlock) {
        pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header = init.firstFrameHeader;
        for (;;) {
            drflac_result result = drflac__decode_flac_frame(pFlac);
            if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
                break;
            } else {
                if (result == DRFLAC_CRC_MISMATCH) {
                    if (!drflac__read_next_flac_frame_header(&pFlac->bs, pFlac->bitsPerSample, &pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header)) {
                        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pFlac, &allocationCallbacks);
                        return NULL;
                    }
                    continue;
                } else {
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pFlac, &allocationCallbacks);
                    return NULL;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return pFlac;
}
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <errno.h>
static drflac_result drflac_result_from_errno(int e)
{
    switch (e)
    {
        case 0: return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
    #ifdef EPERM
        case EPERM: return DRFLAC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOENT
        case ENOENT: return DRFLAC_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRCH
        case ESRCH: return DRFLAC_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINTR
        case EINTR: return DRFLAC_INTERRUPT;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIO
        case EIO: return DRFLAC_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENXIO
        case ENXIO: return DRFLAC_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef E2BIG
        case E2BIG: return DRFLAC_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOEXEC
        case ENOEXEC: return DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADF
        case EBADF: return DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHILD
        case ECHILD: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAGAIN
        case EAGAIN: return DRFLAC_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEM
        case ENOMEM: return DRFLAC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EACCES
        case EACCES: return DRFLAC_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFAULT
        case EFAULT: return DRFLAC_BAD_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTBLK
        case ENOTBLK: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBUSY
        case EBUSY: return DRFLAC_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EEXIST
        case EEXIST: return DRFLAC_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXDEV
        case EXDEV: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODEV
        case ENODEV: return DRFLAC_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTDIR
        case ENOTDIR: return DRFLAC_NOT_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISDIR
        case EISDIR: return DRFLAC_IS_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINVAL
        case EINVAL: return DRFLAC_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENFILE
        case ENFILE: return DRFLAC_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMFILE
        case EMFILE: return DRFLAC_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTTY
        case ENOTTY: return DRFLAC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETXTBSY
        case ETXTBSY: return DRFLAC_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFBIG
        case EFBIG: return DRFLAC_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSPC
        case ENOSPC: return DRFLAC_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESPIPE
        case ESPIPE: return DRFLAC_BAD_SEEK;
    #endif
    #ifdef EROFS
        case EROFS: return DRFLAC_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMLINK
        case EMLINK: return DRFLAC_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPIPE
        case EPIPE: return DRFLAC_BAD_PIPE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOM
        case EDOM: return DRFLAC_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERANGE
        case ERANGE: return DRFLAC_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDEADLK
        case EDEADLK: return DRFLAC_DEADLOCK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAMETOOLONG
        case ENAMETOOLONG: return DRFLAC_PATH_TOO_LONG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLCK
        case ENOLCK: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSYS
        case ENOSYS: return DRFLAC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTEMPTY
        case ENOTEMPTY: return DRFLAC_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELOOP
        case ELOOP: return DRFLAC_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMSG
        case ENOMSG: return DRFLAC_NO_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIDRM
        case EIDRM: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHRNG
        case ECHRNG: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2NSYNC
        case EL2NSYNC: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3HLT
        case EL3HLT: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3RST
        case EL3RST: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELNRNG
        case ELNRNG: return DRFLAC_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUNATCH
        case EUNATCH: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOCSI
        case ENOCSI: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2HLT
        case EL2HLT: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADE
        case EBADE: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADR
        case EBADR: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXFULL
        case EXFULL: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOANO
        case ENOANO: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADRQC
        case EBADRQC: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADSLT
        case EBADSLT: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBFONT
        case EBFONT: return DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSTR
        case ENOSTR: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODATA
        case ENODATA: return DRFLAC_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIME
        case ETIME: return DRFLAC_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSR
        case ENOSR: return DRFLAC_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENONET
        case ENONET: return DRFLAC_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPKG
        case ENOPKG: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTE
        case EREMOTE: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLINK
        case ENOLINK: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADV
        case EADV: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRMNT
        case ESRMNT: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECOMM
        case ECOMM: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTO
        case EPROTO: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMULTIHOP
        case EMULTIHOP: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOTDOT
        case EDOTDOT: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADMSG
        case EBADMSG: return DRFLAC_BAD_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOVERFLOW
        case EOVERFLOW: return DRFLAC_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTUNIQ
        case ENOTUNIQ: return DRFLAC_NOT_UNIQUE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADFD
        case EBADFD: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMCHG
        case EREMCHG: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBACC
        case ELIBACC: return DRFLAC_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBBAD
        case ELIBBAD: return DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBSCN
        case ELIBSCN: return DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBMAX
        case ELIBMAX: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBEXEC
        case ELIBEXEC: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EILSEQ
        case EILSEQ: return DRFLAC_INVALID_DATA;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERESTART
        case ERESTART: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTRPIPE
        case ESTRPIPE: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUSERS
        case EUSERS: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTSOCK
        case ENOTSOCK: return DRFLAC_NOT_SOCKET;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDESTADDRREQ
        case EDESTADDRREQ: return DRFLAC_NO_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMSGSIZE
        case EMSGSIZE: return DRFLAC_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTOTYPE
        case EPROTOTYPE: return DRFLAC_BAD_PROTOCOL;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPROTOOPT
        case ENOPROTOOPT: return DRFLAC_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT
        case EPROTONOSUPPORT: return DRFLAC_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
        case ESOCKTNOSUPPORT: return DRFLAC_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOPNOTSUPP
        case EOPNOTSUPP: return DRFLAC_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
        case EPFNOSUPPORT: return DRFLAC_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT
        case EAFNOSUPPORT: return DRFLAC_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRINUSE
        case EADDRINUSE: return DRFLAC_ALREADY_IN_USE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRNOTAVAIL
        case EADDRNOTAVAIL: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETDOWN
        case ENETDOWN: return DRFLAC_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETUNREACH
        case ENETUNREACH: return DRFLAC_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETRESET
        case ENETRESET: return DRFLAC_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNABORTED
        case ECONNABORTED: return DRFLAC_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNRESET
        case ECONNRESET: return DRFLAC_CONNECTION_RESET;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOBUFS
        case ENOBUFS: return DRFLAC_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISCONN
        case EISCONN: return DRFLAC_ALREADY_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTCONN
        case ENOTCONN: return DRFLAC_NOT_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESHUTDOWN
        case ESHUTDOWN: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETOOMANYREFS
        case ETOOMANYREFS: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIMEDOUT
        case ETIMEDOUT: return DRFLAC_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNREFUSED
        case ECONNREFUSED: return DRFLAC_CONNECTION_REFUSED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTDOWN
        case EHOSTDOWN: return DRFLAC_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTUNREACH
        case EHOSTUNREACH: return DRFLAC_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EALREADY
        case EALREADY: return DRFLAC_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINPROGRESS
        case EINPROGRESS: return DRFLAC_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTALE
        case ESTALE: return DRFLAC_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUCLEAN
        case EUCLEAN: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTNAM
        case ENOTNAM: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAVAIL
        case ENAVAIL: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISNAM
        case EISNAM: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTEIO
        case EREMOTEIO: return DRFLAC_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDQUOT
        case EDQUOT: return DRFLAC_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEDIUM
        case ENOMEDIUM: return DRFLAC_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMEDIUMTYPE
        case EMEDIUMTYPE: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECANCELED
        case ECANCELED: return DRFLAC_CANCELLED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOKEY
        case ENOKEY: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYEXPIRED
        case EKEYEXPIRED: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREVOKED
        case EKEYREVOKED: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREJECTED
        case EKEYREJECTED: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOWNERDEAD
        case EOWNERDEAD: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTRECOVERABLE
        case ENOTRECOVERABLE: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERFKILL
        case ERFKILL: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHWPOISON
        case EHWPOISON: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    #endif
        default: return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    }
}
static drflac_result drflac_fopen(FILE** ppFile, const char* pFilePath, const char* pOpenMode)
{
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    errno_t err;
#endif
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;
    }
    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRFLAC_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    err = fopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    if (err != 0) {
        return drflac_result_from_errno(err);
    }
#else
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)
    *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
#else
    #if defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && _FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64 && defined(_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE)
        *ppFile = fopen64(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #else
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #endif
#endif
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        drflac_result result = drflac_result_from_errno(errno);
        if (result == DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
            result = DRFLAC_ERROR;
        }
        return result;
    }
#endif
    return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
}
#if defined(_WIN32)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW64__) || !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define DRFLAC_HAS_WFOPEN
    #endif
#endif
static drflac_result drflac_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_t* pOpenMode, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;
    }
    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRFLAC_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
#if defined(DRFLAC_HAS_WFOPEN)
    {
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
        errno_t err = _wfopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (err != 0) {
            return drflac_result_from_errno(err);
        }
    #else
        *ppFile = _wfopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (*ppFile == NULL) {
            return drflac_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
    #endif
        (void)pAllocationCallbacks;
    }
#else
    {
        mbstate_t mbs;
        size_t lenMB;
        const wchar_t* pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        char* pFilePathMB = NULL;
        char pOpenModeMB[32] = {0};
        DRFLAC_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        lenMB = wcsrtombs(NULL, &pFilePathTemp, 0, &mbs);
        if (lenMB == (size_t)-1) {
            return drflac_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
        pFilePathMB = (char*)drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(lenMB + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
        if (pFilePathMB == NULL) {
            return DRFLAC_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
        pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        DRFLAC_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        wcsrtombs(pFilePathMB, &pFilePathTemp, lenMB + 1, &mbs);
        {
            size_t i = 0;
            for (;;) {
                if (pOpenMode[i] == 0) {
                    pOpenModeMB[i] = '\0';
                    break;
                }
                pOpenModeMB[i] = (char)pOpenMode[i];
                i += 1;
            }
        }
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePathMB, pOpenModeMB);
        drflac__free_from_callbacks(pFilePathMB, pAllocationCallbacks);
    }
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRFLAC_ERROR;
    }
#endif
    return DRFLAC_SUCCESS;
}
static size_t drflac__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    return fread(bufferOut, 1, bytesToRead, (FILE*)pUserData);
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == drflac_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file(const char* pFileName, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drflac_fopen(&pFile, pFileName, "rb") != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open(drflac__on_read_stdio, drflac__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return NULL;
    }
    return pFlac;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file_w(const wchar_t* pFileName, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drflac_wfopen(&pFile, pFileName, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open(drflac__on_read_stdio, drflac__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return NULL;
    }
    return pFlac;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file_with_metadata(const char* pFileName, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drflac_fopen(&pFile, pFileName, "rb") != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac__on_read_stdio, drflac__on_seek_stdio, onMeta, drflac_container_unknown, (void*)pFile, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return pFlac;
    }
    return pFlac;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_file_with_metadata_w(const wchar_t* pFileName, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drflac_wfopen(&pFile, pFileName, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != DRFLAC_SUCCESS) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac__on_read_stdio, drflac__on_seek_stdio, onMeta, drflac_container_unknown, (void*)pFile, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        fclose(pFile);
        return pFlac;
    }
    return pFlac;
}
#endif
static size_t drflac__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* bufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    drflac__memory_stream* memoryStream = (drflac__memory_stream*)pUserData;
    size_t bytesRemaining;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(memoryStream != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(memoryStream->dataSize >= memoryStream->currentReadPos);
    bytesRemaining = memoryStream->dataSize - memoryStream->currentReadPos;
    if (bytesToRead > bytesRemaining) {
        bytesToRead = bytesRemaining;
    }
    if (bytesToRead > 0) {
        DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(bufferOut, memoryStream->data + memoryStream->currentReadPos, bytesToRead);
        memoryStream->currentReadPos += bytesToRead;
    }
    return bytesToRead;
}
static drflac_bool32 drflac__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int offset, drflac_seek_origin origin)
{
    drflac__memory_stream* memoryStream = (drflac__memory_stream*)pUserData;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(memoryStream != NULL);
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
    if (offset > (drflac_int64)memoryStream->dataSize) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (origin == drflac_seek_origin_current) {
        if (memoryStream->currentReadPos + offset <= memoryStream->dataSize) {
            memoryStream->currentReadPos += offset;
        } else {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    } else {
        if ((drflac_uint32)offset <= memoryStream->dataSize) {
            memoryStream->currentReadPos = offset;
        } else {
            return DRFLAC_FALSE;
        }
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_memory(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac__memory_stream memoryStream;
    drflac* pFlac;
    memoryStream.data = (const drflac_uint8*)pData;
    memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
    memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
    pFlac = drflac_open(drflac__on_read_memory, drflac__on_seek_memory, &memoryStream, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pFlac->memoryStream = memoryStream;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg)
    {
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pFlac->_oggbs;
        oggbs->pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        pFlac->bs.pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }
    return pFlac;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_memory_with_metadata(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac__memory_stream memoryStream;
    drflac* pFlac;
    memoryStream.data = (const drflac_uint8*)pData;
    memoryStream.dataSize = dataSize;
    memoryStream.currentReadPos = 0;
    pFlac = drflac_open_with_metadata_private(drflac__on_read_memory, drflac__on_seek_memory, onMeta, drflac_container_unknown, &memoryStream, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    pFlac->memoryStream = memoryStream;
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg)
    {
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pFlac->_oggbs;
        oggbs->pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }
    else
#endif
    {
        pFlac->bs.pUserData = &pFlac->memoryStream;
    }
    return pFlac;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drflac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, NULL, drflac_container_unknown, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_relaxed(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_container container, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drflac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, NULL, container, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drflac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onMeta, drflac_container_unknown, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRFLAC_API drflac* drflac_open_with_metadata_relaxed(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, drflac_meta_proc onMeta, drflac_container container, void* pUserData, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    return drflac_open_with_metadata_private(onRead, onSeek, onMeta, container, pUserData, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRFLAC_API void drflac_close(drflac* pFlac)
{
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return;
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
    if (pFlac->bs.onRead == drflac__on_read_stdio) {
        fclose((FILE*)pFlac->bs.pUserData);
    }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
    if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg) {
        drflac_oggbs* oggbs = (drflac_oggbs*)pFlac->_oggbs;
        DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bs.onRead == drflac__on_read_ogg);
        if (oggbs->onRead == drflac__on_read_stdio) {
            fclose((FILE*)oggbs->pUserData);
        }
    }
#endif
#endif
    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pFlac, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 side  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left0 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left1 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left2 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left3 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right0 = left0 - side0;
        drflac_uint32 right1 = left1 - side1;
        drflac_uint32 right2 = left2 - side2;
        drflac_uint32 right3 = left3 - side3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)left0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)right0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)left1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)right1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)left2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)right2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)left3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)right3;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        __m128i right = _mm_sub_epi32(left, side);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0), _mm_unpacklo_epi32(left, right));
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4), _mm_unpackhi_epi32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t shift0_4;
    int32x4_t shift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        uint32x4_t left;
        uint32x4_t side;
        uint32x4_t right;
        left  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4);
        side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4);
        right = vsubq_u32(left, side);
        drflac__vst2q_u32((drflac_uint32*)pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_u32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 right = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left0 = right0 + side0;
        drflac_uint32 left1 = right1 + side1;
        drflac_uint32 left2 = right2 + side2;
        drflac_uint32 left3 = right3 + side3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)left0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)right0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)left1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)right1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)left2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)right2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)left3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)right3;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        __m128i left  = _mm_add_epi32(right, side);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0), _mm_unpacklo_epi32(left, right));
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4), _mm_unpackhi_epi32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t shift0_4;
    int32x4_t shift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        uint32x4_t side;
        uint32x4_t right;
        uint32x4_t left;
        side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4);
        right = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4);
        left  = vaddq_u32(right, side);
        drflac__vst2q_u32((drflac_uint32*)pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_u32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    for (drflac_uint64 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
        drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
        mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_int32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    if (shift > 0) {
        shift -= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 temp0L;
            drflac_uint32 temp1L;
            drflac_uint32 temp2L;
            drflac_uint32 temp3L;
            drflac_uint32 temp0R;
            drflac_uint32 temp1R;
            drflac_uint32 temp2R;
            drflac_uint32 temp3R;
            drflac_uint32 mid0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid0 = (mid0 << 1) | (side0 & 0x01);
            mid1 = (mid1 << 1) | (side1 & 0x01);
            mid2 = (mid2 << 1) | (side2 & 0x01);
            mid3 = (mid3 << 1) | (side3 & 0x01);
            temp0L = (mid0 + side0) << shift;
            temp1L = (mid1 + side1) << shift;
            temp2L = (mid2 + side2) << shift;
            temp3L = (mid3 + side3) << shift;
            temp0R = (mid0 - side0) << shift;
            temp1R = (mid1 - side1) << shift;
            temp2R = (mid2 - side2) << shift;
            temp3R = (mid3 - side3) << shift;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)temp0L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)temp0R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)temp1L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)temp1R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)temp2L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)temp2R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)temp3L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)temp3R;
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 temp0L;
            drflac_uint32 temp1L;
            drflac_uint32 temp2L;
            drflac_uint32 temp3L;
            drflac_uint32 temp0R;
            drflac_uint32 temp1R;
            drflac_uint32 temp2R;
            drflac_uint32 temp3R;
            drflac_uint32 mid0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid0 = (mid0 << 1) | (side0 & 0x01);
            mid1 = (mid1 << 1) | (side1 & 0x01);
            mid2 = (mid2 << 1) | (side2 & 0x01);
            mid3 = (mid3 << 1) | (side3 & 0x01);
            temp0L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid0 + side0) >> 1);
            temp1L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid1 + side1) >> 1);
            temp2L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid2 + side2) >> 1);
            temp3L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid3 + side3) >> 1);
            temp0R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid0 - side0) >> 1);
            temp1R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid1 - side1) >> 1);
            temp2R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid2 - side2) >> 1);
            temp3R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid3 - side3) >> 1);
            pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)temp0L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)temp0R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)temp1L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)temp1R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)temp2L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)temp2R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)temp3L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)temp3R;
        }
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
        drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
        mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample);
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_int32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    if (shift == 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            __m128i mid;
            __m128i side;
            __m128i left;
            __m128i right;
            mid   = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
            side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
            mid   = _mm_or_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(mid, 1), _mm_and_si128(side, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
            left  = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(mid, side), 1);
            right = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_sub_epi32(mid, side), 1);
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0), _mm_unpacklo_epi32(left, right));
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4), _mm_unpackhi_epi32(left, right));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1;
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1;
        }
    } else {
        shift -= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            __m128i mid;
            __m128i side;
            __m128i left;
            __m128i right;
            mid   = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
            side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
            mid   = _mm_or_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(mid, 1), _mm_and_si128(side, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
            left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(mid, side), shift);
            right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_sub_epi32(mid, side), shift);
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0), _mm_unpacklo_epi32(left, right));
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4), _mm_unpackhi_epi32(left, right));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((mid + side) << shift);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((mid - side) << shift);
        }
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_int32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t  wbpsShift0_4;
    int32x4_t  wbpsShift1_4;
    uint32x4_t one4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    wbpsShift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
    wbpsShift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
    one4         = vdupq_n_u32(1);
    if (shift == 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            uint32x4_t mid;
            uint32x4_t side;
            int32x4_t left;
            int32x4_t right;
            mid   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), wbpsShift0_4);
            side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), wbpsShift1_4);
            mid   = vorrq_u32(vshlq_n_u32(mid, 1), vandq_u32(side, one4));
            left  = vshrq_n_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vaddq_u32(mid, side)), 1);
            right = vshrq_n_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vsubq_u32(mid, side)), 1);
            drflac__vst2q_s32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_s32(left, right));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1;
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1;
        }
    } else {
        int32x4_t shift4;
        shift -= 1;
        shift4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift);
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            uint32x4_t mid;
            uint32x4_t side;
            int32x4_t left;
            int32x4_t right;
            mid   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), wbpsShift0_4);
            side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), wbpsShift1_4);
            mid   = vorrq_u32(vshlq_n_u32(mid, 1), vandq_u32(side, one4));
            left  = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vaddq_u32(mid, side), shift4));
            right = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vsubq_u32(mid, side), shift4));
            drflac__vst2q_s32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_s32(left, right));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((mid + side) << shift);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((mid - side) << shift);
        }
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    for (drflac_uint64 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample));
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample));
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 tempL0 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL1 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL2 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL3 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempR0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)tempL0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)tempR0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)tempL1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)tempR1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)tempL2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)tempR2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)tempL3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)tempR3;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1);
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0), _mm_unpacklo_epi32(left, right));
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4), _mm_unpackhi_epi32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1);
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t shift4_0 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    int32x4_t shift4_1 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        int32x4_t left;
        int32x4_t right;
        left  = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift4_0));
        right = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift4_1));
        drflac__vst2q_s32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_s32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int32* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_uint64 drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 framesToRead, drflac_int32* pBufferOut)
{
    drflac_uint64 framesRead;
    drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample;
    if (pFlac == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, framesToRead);
    }
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 32);
    unusedBitsPerSample = 32 - pFlac->bitsPerSample;
    framesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining == 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(pFlac)) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            unsigned int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment);
            drflac_uint64 iFirstPCMFrame = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames - pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            drflac_uint64 frameCountThisIteration = framesToRead;
            if (frameCountThisIteration > pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining) {
                frameCountThisIteration = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            }
            if (channelCount == 2) {
                const drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].pSamplesS32 + iFirstPCMFrame;
                const drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].pSamplesS32 + iFirstPCMFrame;
                switch (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment)
                {
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_left_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_right_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_mid_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT:
                    default:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s32__decode_independent_stereo(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                }
            } else {
                drflac_uint64 i;
                for (i = 0; i < frameCountThisIteration; ++i) {
                    unsigned int j;
                    for (j = 0; j < channelCount; ++j) {
                        pBufferOut[(i*channelCount)+j] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[j].pSamplesS32[iFirstPCMFrame + i]) << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[j].wastedBitsPerSample));
                    }
                }
            }
            framesRead                += frameCountThisIteration;
            pBufferOut                += frameCountThisIteration * channelCount;
            framesToRead              -= frameCountThisIteration;
            pFlac->currentPCMFrame    += frameCountThisIteration;
            pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining -= (drflac_uint32)frameCountThisIteration;
        }
    }
    return framesRead;
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 side  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left0 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left1 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left2 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left3 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right0 = left0 - side0;
        drflac_uint32 right1 = left1 - side1;
        drflac_uint32 right2 = left2 - side2;
        drflac_uint32 right3 = left3 - side3;
        left0  >>= 16;
        left1  >>= 16;
        left2  >>= 16;
        left3  >>= 16;
        right0 >>= 16;
        right1 >>= 16;
        right2 >>= 16;
        right3 >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int16)left0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int16)right0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int16)left1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int16)right1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int16)left2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int16)right2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int16)left3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int16)right3;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        __m128i right = _mm_sub_epi32(left, side);
        left  = _mm_srai_epi32(left,  16);
        right = _mm_srai_epi32(right, 16);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8), drflac__mm_packs_interleaved_epi32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t shift0_4;
    int32x4_t shift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        uint32x4_t left;
        uint32x4_t side;
        uint32x4_t right;
        left  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4);
        side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4);
        right = vsubq_u32(left, side);
        left  = vshrq_n_u32(left,  16);
        right = vshrq_n_u32(right, 16);
        drflac__vst2q_u16((drflac_uint16*)pOutputSamples + i*8, vzip_u16(vmovn_u32(left), vmovn_u32(right)));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 right = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left0 = right0 + side0;
        drflac_uint32 left1 = right1 + side1;
        drflac_uint32 left2 = right2 + side2;
        drflac_uint32 left3 = right3 + side3;
        left0  >>= 16;
        left1  >>= 16;
        left2  >>= 16;
        left3  >>= 16;
        right0 >>= 16;
        right1 >>= 16;
        right2 >>= 16;
        right3 >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int16)left0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int16)right0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int16)left1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int16)right1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int16)left2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int16)right2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int16)left3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int16)right3;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        __m128i left  = _mm_add_epi32(right, side);
        left  = _mm_srai_epi32(left,  16);
        right = _mm_srai_epi32(right, 16);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8), drflac__mm_packs_interleaved_epi32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t shift0_4;
    int32x4_t shift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        uint32x4_t side;
        uint32x4_t right;
        uint32x4_t left;
        side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4);
        right = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4);
        left  = vaddq_u32(right, side);
        left  = vshrq_n_u32(left,  16);
        right = vshrq_n_u32(right, 16);
        drflac__vst2q_u16((drflac_uint16*)pOutputSamples + i*8, vzip_u16(vmovn_u32(left), vmovn_u32(right)));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        left  >>= 16;
        right >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)left;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)right;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    for (drflac_uint64 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 mid  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
        drflac_uint32 side = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
        mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample) >> 16);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample) >> 16);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    if (shift > 0) {
        shift -= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 temp0L;
            drflac_uint32 temp1L;
            drflac_uint32 temp2L;
            drflac_uint32 temp3L;
            drflac_uint32 temp0R;
            drflac_uint32 temp1R;
            drflac_uint32 temp2R;
            drflac_uint32 temp3R;
            drflac_uint32 mid0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid0 = (mid0 << 1) | (side0 & 0x01);
            mid1 = (mid1 << 1) | (side1 & 0x01);
            mid2 = (mid2 << 1) | (side2 & 0x01);
            mid3 = (mid3 << 1) | (side3 & 0x01);
            temp0L = (mid0 + side0) << shift;
            temp1L = (mid1 + side1) << shift;
            temp2L = (mid2 + side2) << shift;
            temp3L = (mid3 + side3) << shift;
            temp0R = (mid0 - side0) << shift;
            temp1R = (mid1 - side1) << shift;
            temp2R = (mid2 - side2) << shift;
            temp3R = (mid3 - side3) << shift;
            temp0L >>= 16;
            temp1L >>= 16;
            temp2L >>= 16;
            temp3L >>= 16;
            temp0R >>= 16;
            temp1R >>= 16;
            temp2R >>= 16;
            temp3R >>= 16;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int16)temp0L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int16)temp0R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int16)temp1L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int16)temp1R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int16)temp2L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int16)temp2R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int16)temp3L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int16)temp3R;
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 temp0L;
            drflac_uint32 temp1L;
            drflac_uint32 temp2L;
            drflac_uint32 temp3L;
            drflac_uint32 temp0R;
            drflac_uint32 temp1R;
            drflac_uint32 temp2R;
            drflac_uint32 temp3R;
            drflac_uint32 mid0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid0 = (mid0 << 1) | (side0 & 0x01);
            mid1 = (mid1 << 1) | (side1 & 0x01);
            mid2 = (mid2 << 1) | (side2 & 0x01);
            mid3 = (mid3 << 1) | (side3 & 0x01);
            temp0L = ((drflac_int32)(mid0 + side0) >> 1);
            temp1L = ((drflac_int32)(mid1 + side1) >> 1);
            temp2L = ((drflac_int32)(mid2 + side2) >> 1);
            temp3L = ((drflac_int32)(mid3 + side3) >> 1);
            temp0R = ((drflac_int32)(mid0 - side0) >> 1);
            temp1R = ((drflac_int32)(mid1 - side1) >> 1);
            temp2R = ((drflac_int32)(mid2 - side2) >> 1);
            temp3R = ((drflac_int32)(mid3 - side3) >> 1);
            temp0L >>= 16;
            temp1L >>= 16;
            temp2L >>= 16;
            temp3L >>= 16;
            temp0R >>= 16;
            temp1R >>= 16;
            temp2R >>= 16;
            temp3R >>= 16;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int16)temp0L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int16)temp0R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int16)temp1L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int16)temp1R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int16)temp2L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int16)temp2R;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int16)temp3L;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int16)temp3R;
        }
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
        drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
        mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample) >> 16);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample) >> 16);
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    if (shift == 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            __m128i mid;
            __m128i side;
            __m128i left;
            __m128i right;
            mid   = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
            side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
            mid   = _mm_or_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(mid, 1), _mm_and_si128(side, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
            left  = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(mid, side), 1);
            right = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_sub_epi32(mid, side), 1);
            left  = _mm_srai_epi32(left,  16);
            right = _mm_srai_epi32(right, 16);
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8), drflac__mm_packs_interleaved_epi32(left, right));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) >> 16);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) >> 16);
        }
    } else {
        shift -= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            __m128i mid;
            __m128i side;
            __m128i left;
            __m128i right;
            mid   = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
            side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
            mid   = _mm_or_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(mid, 1), _mm_and_si128(side, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
            left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(mid, side), shift);
            right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_sub_epi32(mid, side), shift);
            left  = _mm_srai_epi32(left,  16);
            right = _mm_srai_epi32(right, 16);
            _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8), drflac__mm_packs_interleaved_epi32(left, right));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)(((mid + side) << shift) >> 16);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)(((mid - side) << shift) >> 16);
        }
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t wbpsShift0_4;
    int32x4_t wbpsShift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    wbpsShift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
    wbpsShift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
    if (shift == 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            uint32x4_t mid;
            uint32x4_t side;
            int32x4_t left;
            int32x4_t right;
            mid   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), wbpsShift0_4);
            side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), wbpsShift1_4);
            mid   = vorrq_u32(vshlq_n_u32(mid, 1), vandq_u32(side, vdupq_n_u32(1)));
            left  = vshrq_n_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vaddq_u32(mid, side)), 1);
            right = vshrq_n_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vsubq_u32(mid, side)), 1);
            left  = vshrq_n_s32(left,  16);
            right = vshrq_n_s32(right, 16);
            drflac__vst2q_s16(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzip_s16(vmovn_s32(left), vmovn_s32(right)));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) >> 16);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)(((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) >> 16);
        }
    } else {
        int32x4_t shift4;
        shift -= 1;
        shift4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift);
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            uint32x4_t mid;
            uint32x4_t side;
            int32x4_t left;
            int32x4_t right;
            mid   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), wbpsShift0_4);
            side  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), wbpsShift1_4);
            mid   = vorrq_u32(vshlq_n_u32(mid, 1), vandq_u32(side, vdupq_n_u32(1)));
            left  = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vaddq_u32(mid, side), shift4));
            right = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vsubq_u32(mid, side), shift4));
            left  = vshrq_n_s32(left,  16);
            right = vshrq_n_s32(right, 16);
            drflac__vst2q_s16(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzip_s16(vmovn_s32(left), vmovn_s32(right)));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)(((mid + side) << shift) >> 16);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)(((mid - side) << shift) >> 16);
        }
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    for (drflac_uint64 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)((drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample)) >> 16);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)((drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample)) >> 16);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 tempL0 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL1 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL2 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL3 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempR0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        tempL0 >>= 16;
        tempL1 >>= 16;
        tempL2 >>= 16;
        tempL3 >>= 16;
        tempR0 >>= 16;
        tempR1 >>= 16;
        tempR2 >>= 16;
        tempR3 >>= 16;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int16)tempL0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int16)tempR0;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int16)tempL1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int16)tempR1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int16)tempL2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int16)tempR2;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int16)tempL3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int16)tempR3;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)((pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0) >> 16);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)((pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1) >> 16);
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        left  = _mm_srai_epi32(left,  16);
        right = _mm_srai_epi32(right, 16);
        _mm_storeu_si128((__m128i*)(pOutputSamples + i*8), drflac__mm_packs_interleaved_epi32(left, right));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)((pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0) >> 16);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)((pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1) >> 16);
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    int32x4_t shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    int32x4_t shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        int32x4_t left;
        int32x4_t right;
        left  = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4));
        right = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4));
        left  = vshrq_n_s32(left,  16);
        right = vshrq_n_s32(right, 16);
        drflac__vst2q_s16(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzip_s16(vmovn_s32(left), vmovn_s32(right)));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int16)((pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0) >> 16);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int16)((pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1) >> 16);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, drflac_int16* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_uint64 drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 framesToRead, drflac_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    drflac_uint64 framesRead;
    drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample;
    if (pFlac == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, framesToRead);
    }
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 32);
    unusedBitsPerSample = 32 - pFlac->bitsPerSample;
    framesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining == 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(pFlac)) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            unsigned int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment);
            drflac_uint64 iFirstPCMFrame = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames - pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            drflac_uint64 frameCountThisIteration = framesToRead;
            if (frameCountThisIteration > pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining) {
                frameCountThisIteration = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            }
            if (channelCount == 2) {
                const drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].pSamplesS32 + iFirstPCMFrame;
                const drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].pSamplesS32 + iFirstPCMFrame;
                switch (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment)
                {
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_left_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_right_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_mid_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT:
                    default:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_s16__decode_independent_stereo(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                }
            } else {
                drflac_uint64 i;
                for (i = 0; i < frameCountThisIteration; ++i) {
                    unsigned int j;
                    for (j = 0; j < channelCount; ++j) {
                        drflac_int32 sampleS32 = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[j].pSamplesS32[iFirstPCMFrame + i]) << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[j].wastedBitsPerSample));
                        pBufferOut[(i*channelCount)+j] = (drflac_int16)(sampleS32 >> 16);
                    }
                }
            }
            framesRead                += frameCountThisIteration;
            pBufferOut                += frameCountThisIteration * channelCount;
            framesToRead              -= frameCountThisIteration;
            pFlac->currentPCMFrame    += frameCountThisIteration;
            pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining -= (drflac_uint32)frameCountThisIteration;
        }
    }
    return framesRead;
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 side  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (float)((drflac_int32)left  / 2147483648.0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (float)((drflac_int32)right / 2147483648.0);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    float factor = 1 / 2147483648.0;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left0 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left1 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left2 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 left3 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right0 = left0 - side0;
        drflac_uint32 right1 = left1 - side1;
        drflac_uint32 right2 = left2 - side2;
        drflac_uint32 right3 = left3 - side3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)left0  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)right0 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)left1  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)right1 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)left2  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)right2 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)left3  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)right3 * factor;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right * factor;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    __m128 factor;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    factor = _mm_set1_ps(1.0f / 8388608.0f);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i left  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        __m128i right = _mm_sub_epi32(left, side);
        __m128 leftf  = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(left),  factor);
        __m128 rightf = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(right), factor);
        _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0, _mm_unpacklo_ps(leftf, rightf));
        _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4, _mm_unpackhi_ps(leftf, rightf));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left  / 8388608.0f;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right / 8388608.0f;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    float32x4_t factor4;
    int32x4_t shift0_4;
    int32x4_t shift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    factor4  = vdupq_n_f32(1.0f / 8388608.0f);
    shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        uint32x4_t left;
        uint32x4_t side;
        uint32x4_t right;
        float32x4_t leftf;
        float32x4_t rightf;
        left   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4);
        side   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4);
        right  = vsubq_u32(left, side);
        leftf  = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(left)),  factor4);
        rightf = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(right)), factor4);
        drflac__vst2q_f32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_f32(leftf, rightf));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 left  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right = left - side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left  / 8388608.0f;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right / 8388608.0f;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 right = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (float)((drflac_int32)left  / 2147483648.0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (float)((drflac_int32)right / 2147483648.0);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    float factor = 1 / 2147483648.0;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 side3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 right3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left0 = right0 + side0;
        drflac_uint32 left1 = right1 + side1;
        drflac_uint32 left2 = right2 + side2;
        drflac_uint32 left3 = right3 + side3;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)left0  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)right0 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)left1  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)right1 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)left2  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)right2 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)left3  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)right3 * factor;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left  * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right * factor;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    __m128 factor;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    factor = _mm_set1_ps(1.0f / 8388608.0f);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i side  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        __m128i right = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        __m128i left  = _mm_add_epi32(right, side);
        __m128 leftf  = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(left),  factor);
        __m128 rightf = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(right), factor);
        _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0, _mm_unpacklo_ps(leftf, rightf));
        _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4, _mm_unpackhi_ps(leftf, rightf));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left  / 8388608.0f;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right / 8388608.0f;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    float32x4_t factor4;
    int32x4_t shift0_4;
    int32x4_t shift1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    factor4  = vdupq_n_f32(1.0f / 8388608.0f);
    shift0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    shift1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        uint32x4_t side;
        uint32x4_t right;
        uint32x4_t left;
        float32x4_t leftf;
        float32x4_t rightf;
        side   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4);
        right  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4);
        left   = vaddq_u32(right, side);
        leftf  = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(left)),  factor4);
        rightf = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(right)), factor4);
        drflac__vst2q_f32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_f32(leftf, rightf));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 side  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 right = pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 left  = right + side;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)left  / 8388608.0f;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)right / 8388608.0f;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    for (drflac_uint64 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 mid  = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
        drflac_uint32 side = (drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
        mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (float)((((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) << (unusedBitsPerSample)) / 2147483648.0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (float)((((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) << (unusedBitsPerSample)) / 2147483648.0);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample;
    float factor = 1 / 2147483648.0;
    if (shift > 0) {
        shift -= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 temp0L;
            drflac_uint32 temp1L;
            drflac_uint32 temp2L;
            drflac_uint32 temp3L;
            drflac_uint32 temp0R;
            drflac_uint32 temp1R;
            drflac_uint32 temp2R;
            drflac_uint32 temp3R;
            drflac_uint32 mid0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid0 = (mid0 << 1) | (side0 & 0x01);
            mid1 = (mid1 << 1) | (side1 & 0x01);
            mid2 = (mid2 << 1) | (side2 & 0x01);
            mid3 = (mid3 << 1) | (side3 & 0x01);
            temp0L = (mid0 + side0) << shift;
            temp1L = (mid1 + side1) << shift;
            temp2L = (mid2 + side2) << shift;
            temp3L = (mid3 + side3) << shift;
            temp0R = (mid0 - side0) << shift;
            temp1R = (mid1 - side1) << shift;
            temp2R = (mid2 - side2) << shift;
            temp3R = (mid3 - side3) << shift;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)temp0L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)temp0R * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)temp1L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)temp1R * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)temp2L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)temp2R * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)temp3L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)temp3R * factor;
        }
    } else {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 temp0L;
            drflac_uint32 temp1L;
            drflac_uint32 temp2L;
            drflac_uint32 temp3L;
            drflac_uint32 temp0R;
            drflac_uint32 temp1R;
            drflac_uint32 temp2R;
            drflac_uint32 temp3R;
            drflac_uint32 mid0  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid1  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid2  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 mid3  = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid0 = (mid0 << 1) | (side0 & 0x01);
            mid1 = (mid1 << 1) | (side1 & 0x01);
            mid2 = (mid2 << 1) | (side2 & 0x01);
            mid3 = (mid3 << 1) | (side3 & 0x01);
            temp0L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid0 + side0) >> 1);
            temp1L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid1 + side1) >> 1);
            temp2L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid2 + side2) >> 1);
            temp3L = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid3 + side3) >> 1);
            temp0R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid0 - side0) >> 1);
            temp1R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid1 - side1) >> 1);
            temp2R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid2 - side2) >> 1);
            temp3R = (drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid3 - side3) >> 1);
            pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)temp0L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)temp0R * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)temp1L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)temp1R * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)temp2L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)temp2R * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)temp3L * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)temp3R * factor;
        }
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
        drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
        mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample) * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) << unusedBitsPerSample) * factor;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample - 8;
    float factor;
    __m128 factor128;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    factor = 1.0f / 8388608.0f;
    factor128 = _mm_set1_ps(factor);
    if (shift == 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            __m128i mid;
            __m128i side;
            __m128i tempL;
            __m128i tempR;
            __m128  leftf;
            __m128  rightf;
            mid    = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
            side   = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
            mid    = _mm_or_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(mid, 1), _mm_and_si128(side, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
            tempL  = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(mid, side), 1);
            tempR  = _mm_srai_epi32(_mm_sub_epi32(mid, side), 1);
            leftf  = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(tempL), factor128);
            rightf = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(tempR), factor128);
            _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0, _mm_unpacklo_ps(leftf, rightf));
            _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4, _mm_unpackhi_ps(leftf, rightf));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = ((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = ((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) * factor;
        }
    } else {
        shift -= 1;
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            __m128i mid;
            __m128i side;
            __m128i tempL;
            __m128i tempR;
            __m128 leftf;
            __m128 rightf;
            mid    = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
            side   = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
            mid    = _mm_or_si128(_mm_slli_epi32(mid, 1), _mm_and_si128(side, _mm_set1_epi32(0x01)));
            tempL  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_add_epi32(mid, side), shift);
            tempR  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_sub_epi32(mid, side), shift);
            leftf  = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(tempL), factor128);
            rightf = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(tempR), factor128);
            _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0, _mm_unpacklo_ps(leftf, rightf));
            _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4, _mm_unpackhi_ps(leftf, rightf));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((mid + side) << shift) * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((mid - side) << shift) * factor;
        }
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift = unusedBitsPerSample - 8;
    float factor;
    float32x4_t factor4;
    int32x4_t shift4;
    int32x4_t wbps0_4;
    int32x4_t wbps1_4;
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24);
    factor  = 1.0f / 8388608.0f;
    factor4 = vdupq_n_f32(factor);
    wbps0_4 = vdupq_n_s32(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample);
    wbps1_4 = vdupq_n_s32(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample);
    if (shift == 0) {
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            int32x4_t lefti;
            int32x4_t righti;
            float32x4_t leftf;
            float32x4_t rightf;
            uint32x4_t mid  = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), wbps0_4);
            uint32x4_t side = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), wbps1_4);
            mid    = vorrq_u32(vshlq_n_u32(mid, 1), vandq_u32(side, vdupq_n_u32(1)));
            lefti  = vshrq_n_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vaddq_u32(mid, side)), 1);
            righti = vshrq_n_s32(vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vsubq_u32(mid, side)), 1);
            leftf  = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(lefti),  factor4);
            rightf = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(righti), factor4);
            drflac__vst2q_f32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_f32(leftf, rightf));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = ((drflac_int32)(mid + side) >> 1) * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = ((drflac_int32)(mid - side) >> 1) * factor;
        }
    } else {
        shift -= 1;
        shift4 = vdupq_n_s32(shift);
        for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
            uint32x4_t mid;
            uint32x4_t side;
            int32x4_t lefti;
            int32x4_t righti;
            float32x4_t leftf;
            float32x4_t rightf;
            mid    = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), wbps0_4);
            side   = vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), wbps1_4);
            mid    = vorrq_u32(vshlq_n_u32(mid, 1), vandq_u32(side, vdupq_n_u32(1)));
            lefti  = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vaddq_u32(mid, side), shift4));
            righti = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vsubq_u32(mid, side), shift4));
            leftf  = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(lefti),  factor4);
            rightf = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(righti), factor4);
            drflac__vst2q_f32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_f32(leftf, rightf));
        }
        for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
            drflac_uint32 mid  = pInputSamples0U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
            drflac_uint32 side = pInputSamples1U32[i] << pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
            mid = (mid << 1) | (side & 0x01);
            pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)((mid + side) << shift) * factor;
            pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)((mid - side) << shift) * factor;
        }
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
#if 0
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__reference(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    for (drflac_uint64 i = 0; i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (float)((drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)pInputSamples0[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample)) / 2147483648.0);
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (float)((drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)pInputSamples1[i] << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample)) / 2147483648.0);
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__scalar(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample;
    float factor = 1 / 2147483648.0;
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        drflac_uint32 tempL0 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+0] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL1 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+1] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL2 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+2] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempL3 = pInputSamples0U32[i*4+3] << shift0;
        drflac_uint32 tempR0 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+0] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR1 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+1] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR2 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+2] << shift1;
        drflac_uint32 tempR3 = pInputSamples1U32[i*4+3] << shift1;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+0] = (drflac_int32)tempL0 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+1] = (drflac_int32)tempR0 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+2] = (drflac_int32)tempL1 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+3] = (drflac_int32)tempR1 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+4] = (drflac_int32)tempL2 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+5] = (drflac_int32)tempR2 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+6] = (drflac_int32)tempL3 * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*8+7] = (drflac_int32)tempR3 * factor;
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0) * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1) * factor;
    }
}
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__sse2(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    float factor = 1.0f / 8388608.0f;
    __m128 factor128 = _mm_set1_ps(factor);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        __m128i lefti;
        __m128i righti;
        __m128 leftf;
        __m128 rightf;
        lefti  = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples0 + i), shift0);
        righti = _mm_slli_epi32(_mm_loadu_si128((const __m128i*)pInputSamples1 + i), shift1);
        leftf  = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(lefti),  factor128);
        rightf = _mm_mul_ps(_mm_cvtepi32_ps(righti), factor128);
        _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 0, _mm_unpacklo_ps(leftf, rightf));
        _mm_storeu_ps(pOutputSamples + i*8 + 4, _mm_unpackhi_ps(leftf, rightf));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0) * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1) * factor;
    }
}
#endif
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__neon(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
    drflac_uint64 i;
    drflac_uint64 frameCount4 = frameCount >> 2;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples0U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples0;
    const drflac_uint32* pInputSamples1U32 = (const drflac_uint32*)pInputSamples1;
    drflac_uint32 shift0 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    drflac_uint32 shift1 = (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].wastedBitsPerSample) - 8;
    float factor = 1.0f / 8388608.0f;
    float32x4_t factor4 = vdupq_n_f32(factor);
    int32x4_t shift0_4  = vdupq_n_s32(shift0);
    int32x4_t shift1_4  = vdupq_n_s32(shift1);
    for (i = 0; i < frameCount4; ++i) {
        int32x4_t lefti;
        int32x4_t righti;
        float32x4_t leftf;
        float32x4_t rightf;
        lefti  = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples0U32 + i*4), shift0_4));
        righti = vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vshlq_u32(vld1q_u32(pInputSamples1U32 + i*4), shift1_4));
        leftf  = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(lefti),  factor4);
        rightf = vmulq_f32(vcvtq_f32_s32(righti), factor4);
        drflac__vst2q_f32(pOutputSamples + i*8, vzipq_f32(leftf, rightf));
    }
    for (i = (frameCount4 << 2); i < frameCount; ++i) {
        pOutputSamples[i*2+0] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples0U32[i] << shift0) * factor;
        pOutputSamples[i*2+1] = (drflac_int32)(pInputSamples1U32[i] << shift1) * factor;
    }
}
#endif
static DRFLAC_INLINE void drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 frameCount, drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples0, const drflac_int32* pInputSamples1, float* pOutputSamples)
{
#if defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_SSE2)
    if (drflac__gIsSSE2Supported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__sse2(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#elif defined(DRFLAC_SUPPORT_NEON)
    if (drflac__gIsNEONSupported && pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 24) {
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__neon(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
    } else
#endif
    {
#if 0
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__reference(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#else
        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo__scalar(pFlac, frameCount, unusedBitsPerSample, pInputSamples0, pInputSamples1, pOutputSamples);
#endif
    }
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_uint64 drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    drflac_uint64 framesRead;
    drflac_uint32 unusedBitsPerSample;
    if (pFlac == NULL || framesToRead == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    if (pBufferOut == NULL) {
        return drflac__seek_forward_by_pcm_frames(pFlac, framesToRead);
    }
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac->bitsPerSample <= 32);
    unusedBitsPerSample = 32 - pFlac->bitsPerSample;
    framesRead = 0;
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining == 0) {
            if (!drflac__read_and_decode_next_flac_frame(pFlac)) {
                break;
            }
        } else {
            unsigned int channelCount = drflac__get_channel_count_from_channel_assignment(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment);
            drflac_uint64 iFirstPCMFrame = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames - pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            drflac_uint64 frameCountThisIteration = framesToRead;
            if (frameCountThisIteration > pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining) {
                frameCountThisIteration = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            }
            if (channelCount == 2) {
                const drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples0 = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[0].pSamplesS32 + iFirstPCMFrame;
                const drflac_int32* pDecodedSamples1 = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[1].pSamplesS32 + iFirstPCMFrame;
                switch (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.channelAssignment)
                {
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_LEFT_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_left_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_RIGHT_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_right_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_MID_SIDE:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_mid_side(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                    case DRFLAC_CHANNEL_ASSIGNMENT_INDEPENDENT:
                    default:
                    {
                        drflac_read_pcm_frames_f32__decode_independent_stereo(pFlac, frameCountThisIteration, unusedBitsPerSample, pDecodedSamples0, pDecodedSamples1, pBufferOut);
                    } break;
                }
            } else {
                drflac_uint64 i;
                for (i = 0; i < frameCountThisIteration; ++i) {
                    unsigned int j;
                    for (j = 0; j < channelCount; ++j) {
                        drflac_int32 sampleS32 = (drflac_int32)((drflac_uint32)(pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[j].pSamplesS32[iFirstPCMFrame + i]) << (unusedBitsPerSample + pFlac->currentFLACFrame.subframes[j].wastedBitsPerSample));
                        pBufferOut[(i*channelCount)+j] = (float)(sampleS32 / 2147483648.0);
                    }
                }
            }
            framesRead                += frameCountThisIteration;
            pBufferOut                += frameCountThisIteration * channelCount;
            framesToRead              -= frameCountThisIteration;
            pFlac->currentPCMFrame    += frameCountThisIteration;
            pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining -= (unsigned int)frameCountThisIteration;
        }
    }
    return framesRead;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_bool32 drflac_seek_to_pcm_frame(drflac* pFlac, drflac_uint64 pcmFrameIndex)
{
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (pFlac->currentPCMFrame == pcmFrameIndex) {
        return DRFLAC_TRUE;
    }
    if (pFlac->firstFLACFramePosInBytes == 0) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    if (pcmFrameIndex == 0) {
        pFlac->currentPCMFrame = 0;
        return drflac__seek_to_first_frame(pFlac);
    } else {
        drflac_bool32 wasSuccessful = DRFLAC_FALSE;
        if (pcmFrameIndex > pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount) {
            pcmFrameIndex = pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount;
        }
        if (pcmFrameIndex > pFlac->currentPCMFrame) {
            drflac_uint32 offset = (drflac_uint32)(pcmFrameIndex - pFlac->currentPCMFrame);
            if (pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining >  offset) {
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining -= offset;
                pFlac->currentPCMFrame = pcmFrameIndex;
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            }
        } else {
            drflac_uint32 offsetAbs = (drflac_uint32)(pFlac->currentPCMFrame - pcmFrameIndex);
            drflac_uint32 currentFLACFramePCMFrameCount = pFlac->currentFLACFrame.header.blockSizeInPCMFrames;
            drflac_uint32 currentFLACFramePCMFramesConsumed = currentFLACFramePCMFrameCount - pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining;
            if (currentFLACFramePCMFramesConsumed > offsetAbs) {
                pFlac->currentFLACFrame.pcmFramesRemaining += offsetAbs;
                pFlac->currentPCMFrame = pcmFrameIndex;
                return DRFLAC_TRUE;
            }
        }
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_OGG
        if (pFlac->container == drflac_container_ogg)
        {
            wasSuccessful = drflac_ogg__seek_to_pcm_frame(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex);
        }
        else
#endif
        {
            if (!pFlac->_noSeekTableSeek) {
                wasSuccessful = drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__seek_table(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex);
            }
#if !defined(DR_FLAC_NO_CRC)
            if (!wasSuccessful && !pFlac->_noBinarySearchSeek && pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount > 0) {
                wasSuccessful = drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__binary_search(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex);
            }
#endif
            if (!wasSuccessful && !pFlac->_noBruteForceSeek) {
                wasSuccessful = drflac__seek_to_pcm_frame__brute_force(pFlac, pcmFrameIndex);
            }
        }
        pFlac->currentPCMFrame = pcmFrameIndex;
        return wasSuccessful;
    }
}
#if defined(SIZE_MAX)
    #define DRFLAC_SIZE_MAX  SIZE_MAX
#else
    #if defined(DRFLAC_64BIT)
        #define DRFLAC_SIZE_MAX  ((drflac_uint64)0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
    #else
        #define DRFLAC_SIZE_MAX  0xFFFFFFFF
    #endif
#endif
#define DRFLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(extension, type) \
static type* drflac__full_read_and_close_ ## extension (drflac* pFlac, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut)\
{                                                                                                                                                                   \
    type* pSampleData = NULL;                                                                                                                                       \
    drflac_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    DRFLAC_ASSERT(pFlac != NULL);                                                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    totalPCMFrameCount = pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount;                                                                                                                 \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    if (totalPCMFrameCount == 0) {                                                                                                                                  \
        type buffer[4096];                                                                                                                                          \
        drflac_uint64 pcmFramesRead;                                                                                                                                \
        size_t sampleDataBufferSize = sizeof(buffer);                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        pSampleData = (type*)drflac__malloc_from_callbacks(sampleDataBufferSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);                                                      \
        if (pSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                                  \
            goto on_error;                                                                                                                                          \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        while ((pcmFramesRead = (drflac_uint64)drflac_read_pcm_frames_##extension(pFlac, sizeof(buffer)/sizeof(buffer[0])/pFlac->channels, buffer)) > 0) {          \
            if (((totalPCMFrameCount + pcmFramesRead) * pFlac->channels * sizeof(type)) > sampleDataBufferSize) {                                                   \
                type* pNewSampleData;                                                                                                                               \
                size_t newSampleDataBufferSize;                                                                                                                     \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
                newSampleDataBufferSize = sampleDataBufferSize * 2;                                                                                                 \
                pNewSampleData = (type*)drflac__realloc_from_callbacks(pSampleData, newSampleDataBufferSize, sampleDataBufferSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);    \
                if (pNewSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                       \
                    drflac__free_from_callbacks(pSampleData, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);                                                                          \
                    goto on_error;                                                                                                                                  \
                }                                                                                                                                                   \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
                sampleDataBufferSize = newSampleDataBufferSize;                                                                                                     \
                pSampleData = pNewSampleData;                                                                                                                       \
            }                                                                                                                                                       \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
            DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(pSampleData + (totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels), buffer, (size_t)(pcmFramesRead*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type)));                   \
            totalPCMFrameCount += pcmFramesRead;                                                                                                                    \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
                                                                                                                         \
        DRFLAC_ZERO_MEMORY(pSampleData + (totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels), (size_t)(sampleDataBufferSize - totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type)));   \
    } else {                                                                                                                                                        \
        drflac_uint64 dataSize = totalPCMFrameCount*pFlac->channels*sizeof(type);                                                                                   \
        if (dataSize > DRFLAC_SIZE_MAX) {                                                                                                                           \
            goto on_error;                                                                                                        \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        pSampleData = (type*)drflac__malloc_from_callbacks((size_t)dataSize, &pFlac->allocationCallbacks);               \
        if (pSampleData == NULL) {                                                                                                                                  \
            goto on_error;                                                                                                                                          \
        }                                                                                                                                                           \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
        totalPCMFrameCount = drflac_read_pcm_frames_##extension(pFlac, pFlac->totalPCMFrameCount, pSampleData);                                                     \
    }                                                                                                                                                               \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    if (sampleRateOut) *sampleRateOut = pFlac->sampleRate;                                                                                                          \
    if (channelsOut) *channelsOut = pFlac->channels;                                                                                                                \
    if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) *totalPCMFrameCountOut = totalPCMFrameCount;                                                                                         \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
    drflac_close(pFlac);                                                                                                                                            \
    return pSampleData;                                                                                                                                             \
                                                                                                                                                                    \
on_error:                                                                                                                                                           \
    drflac_close(pFlac);                                                                                                                                            \
    return NULL;                                                                                                                                                    \
}
DRFLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(s32, drflac_int32)
DRFLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(s16, drflac_int16)
DRFLAC_DEFINE_FULL_READ_AND_CLOSE(f32, float)
DRFLAC_API drflac_int32* drflac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) {
        *totalPCMFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_s32(pFlac, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalPCMFrameCountOut);
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_int16* drflac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) {
        *totalPCMFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_s16(pFlac, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalPCMFrameCountOut);
}
DRFLAC_API float* drflac_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(drflac_read_proc onRead, drflac_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, unsigned int* channelsOut, unsigned int* sampleRateOut, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCountOut, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (channelsOut) {
        *channelsOut = 0;
    }
    if (sampleRateOut) {
        *sampleRateOut = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCountOut) {
        *totalPCMFrameCountOut = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open(onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_f32(pFlac, channelsOut, sampleRateOut, totalPCMFrameCountOut);
}
#ifndef DR_FLAC_NO_STDIO
DRFLAC_API drflac_int32* drflac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = 0;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCount) {
        *totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_file(filename, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_s32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalPCMFrameCount);
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_int16* drflac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = 0;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCount) {
        *totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_file(filename, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_s16(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalPCMFrameCount);
}
DRFLAC_API float* drflac_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filename, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = 0;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCount) {
        *totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_file(filename, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_f32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalPCMFrameCount);
}
#endif
DRFLAC_API drflac_int32* drflac_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = 0;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCount) {
        *totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_memory(data, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_s32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalPCMFrameCount);
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_int16* drflac_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = 0;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCount) {
        *totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_memory(data, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_s16(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalPCMFrameCount);
}
DRFLAC_API float* drflac_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* data, size_t dataSize, unsigned int* channels, unsigned int* sampleRate, drflac_uint64* totalPCMFrameCount, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drflac* pFlac;
    if (sampleRate) {
        *sampleRate = 0;
    }
    if (channels) {
        *channels = 0;
    }
    if (totalPCMFrameCount) {
        *totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    }
    pFlac = drflac_open_memory(data, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pFlac == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drflac__full_read_and_close_f32(pFlac, channels, sampleRate, totalPCMFrameCount);
}
DRFLAC_API void drflac_free(void* p, const drflac_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        drflac__free_from_callbacks(p, pAllocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        drflac__free_default(p, NULL);
    }
}
DRFLAC_API void drflac_init_vorbis_comment_iterator(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, drflac_uint32 commentCount, const void* pComments)
{
    if (pIter == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    pIter->countRemaining = commentCount;
    pIter->pRunningData   = (const char*)pComments;
}
DRFLAC_API const char* drflac_next_vorbis_comment(drflac_vorbis_comment_iterator* pIter, drflac_uint32* pCommentLengthOut)
{
    drflac_int32 length;
    const char* pComment;
    if (pCommentLengthOut) {
        *pCommentLengthOut = 0;
    }
    if (pIter == NULL || pIter->countRemaining == 0 || pIter->pRunningData == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    length = drflac__le2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pIter->pRunningData);
    pIter->pRunningData += 4;
    pComment = pIter->pRunningData;
    pIter->pRunningData += length;
    pIter->countRemaining -= 1;
    if (pCommentLengthOut) {
        *pCommentLengthOut = length;
    }
    return pComment;
}
DRFLAC_API void drflac_init_cuesheet_track_iterator(drflac_cuesheet_track_iterator* pIter, drflac_uint32 trackCount, const void* pTrackData)
{
    if (pIter == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    pIter->countRemaining = trackCount;
    pIter->pRunningData   = (const char*)pTrackData;
}
DRFLAC_API drflac_bool32 drflac_next_cuesheet_track(drflac_cuesheet_track_iterator* pIter, drflac_cuesheet_track* pCuesheetTrack)
{
    drflac_cuesheet_track cuesheetTrack;
    const char* pRunningData;
    drflac_uint64 offsetHi;
    drflac_uint64 offsetLo;
    if (pIter == NULL || pIter->countRemaining == 0 || pIter->pRunningData == NULL) {
        return DRFLAC_FALSE;
    }
    pRunningData = pIter->pRunningData;
    offsetHi                   = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
    offsetLo                   = drflac__be2host_32(*(const drflac_uint32*)pRunningData); pRunningData += 4;
    cuesheetTrack.offset       = offsetLo | (offsetHi << 32);
    cuesheetTrack.trackNumber  = pRunningData[0];                                         pRunningData += 1;
    DRFLAC_COPY_MEMORY(cuesheetTrack.ISRC, pRunningData, sizeof(cuesheetTrack.ISRC));     pRunningData += 12;
    cuesheetTrack.isAudio      = (pRunningData[0] & 0x80) != 0;
    cuesheetTrack.preEmphasis  = (pRunningData[0] & 0x40) != 0;                           pRunningData += 14;
    cuesheetTrack.indexCount   = pRunningData[0];                                         pRunningData += 1;
    cuesheetTrack.pIndexPoints = (const drflac_cuesheet_track_index*)pRunningData;        pRunningData += cuesheetTrack.indexCount * sizeof(drflac_cuesheet_track_index);
    pIter->pRunningData = pRunningData;
    pIter->countRemaining -= 1;
    if (pCuesheetTrack) {
        *pCuesheetTrack = cuesheetTrack;
    }
    return DRFLAC_TRUE;
}
#if defined(__GNUC__)
    #pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
#endif
/* dr_flac_c end */
#endif  /* DRFLAC_IMPLEMENTATION */
#endif  /* MA_NO_FLAC */

#if !defined(MA_NO_MP3) && !defined(MA_NO_DECODING)
#if !defined(DR_MP3_IMPLEMENTATION) && !defined(DRMP3_IMPLEMENTATION) /* For backwards compatibility. Will be removed in version 0.11 for cleanliness. */
/* dr_mp3_c begin */
#ifndef dr_mp3_c
#define dr_mp3_c
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <limits.h>
DRMP3_API void drmp3_version(drmp3_uint32* pMajor, drmp3_uint32* pMinor, drmp3_uint32* pRevision)
{
    if (pMajor) {
        *pMajor = DRMP3_VERSION_MAJOR;
    }
    if (pMinor) {
        *pMinor = DRMP3_VERSION_MINOR;
    }
    if (pRevision) {
        *pRevision = DRMP3_VERSION_REVISION;
    }
}
DRMP3_API const char* drmp3_version_string()
{
    return DRMP3_VERSION_STRING;
}
#if defined(__TINYC__)
#define DR_MP3_NO_SIMD
#endif
#define DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(p, offset) ((void*)((drmp3_uint8*)(p) + (offset)))
#define DRMP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE  2304
#ifndef DRMP3_MAX_FRAME_SYNC_MATCHES
#define DRMP3_MAX_FRAME_SYNC_MATCHES      10
#endif
#define DRMP3_MAX_L3_FRAME_PAYLOAD_BYTES  DRMP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE
#define DRMP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES      511
#define DRMP3_SHORT_BLOCK_TYPE            2
#define DRMP3_STOP_BLOCK_TYPE             3
#define DRMP3_MODE_MONO                   3
#define DRMP3_MODE_JOINT_STEREO           1
#define DRMP3_HDR_SIZE                    4
#define DRMP3_HDR_IS_MONO(h)              (((h[3]) & 0xC0) == 0xC0)
#define DRMP3_HDR_IS_MS_STEREO(h)         (((h[3]) & 0xE0) == 0x60)
#define DRMP3_HDR_IS_FREE_FORMAT(h)       (((h[2]) & 0xF0) == 0)
#define DRMP3_HDR_IS_CRC(h)               (!((h[1]) & 1))
#define DRMP3_HDR_TEST_PADDING(h)         ((h[2]) & 0x2)
#define DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(h)           ((h[1]) & 0x8)
#define DRMP3_HDR_TEST_NOT_MPEG25(h)      ((h[1]) & 0x10)
#define DRMP3_HDR_TEST_I_STEREO(h)        ((h[3]) & 0x10)
#define DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MS_STEREO(h)       ((h[3]) & 0x20)
#define DRMP3_HDR_GET_STEREO_MODE(h)      (((h[3]) >> 6) & 3)
#define DRMP3_HDR_GET_STEREO_MODE_EXT(h)  (((h[3]) >> 4) & 3)
#define DRMP3_HDR_GET_LAYER(h)            (((h[1]) >> 1) & 3)
#define DRMP3_HDR_GET_BITRATE(h)          ((h[2]) >> 4)
#define DRMP3_HDR_GET_SAMPLE_RATE(h)      (((h[2]) >> 2) & 3)
#define DRMP3_HDR_GET_MY_SAMPLE_RATE(h)   (DRMP3_HDR_GET_SAMPLE_RATE(h) + (((h[1] >> 3) & 1) + ((h[1] >> 4) & 1))*3)
#define DRMP3_HDR_IS_FRAME_576(h)         ((h[1] & 14) == 2)
#define DRMP3_HDR_IS_LAYER_1(h)           ((h[1] & 6) == 6)
#define DRMP3_BITS_DEQUANTIZER_OUT        -1
#define DRMP3_MAX_SCF                     (255 + DRMP3_BITS_DEQUANTIZER_OUT*4 - 210)
#define DRMP3_MAX_SCFI                    ((DRMP3_MAX_SCF + 3) & ~3)
#define DRMP3_MIN(a, b)           ((a) > (b) ? (b) : (a))
#define DRMP3_MAX(a, b)           ((a) < (b) ? (b) : (a))
#if !defined(DR_MP3_NO_SIMD)
#if !defined(DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD) && (defined(_M_X64) || defined(_M_ARM64) || defined(__x86_64__) || defined(__aarch64__))
#define DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD
#endif
#if ((defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400) && (defined(_M_IX86) || defined(_M_X64))) || ((defined(__i386__) || defined(__x86_64__)) && defined(__SSE2__))
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#include <intrin.h>
#endif
#include <emmintrin.h>
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SSE 1
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD 1
#define DRMP3_VSTORE _mm_storeu_ps
#define DRMP3_VLD _mm_loadu_ps
#define DRMP3_VSET _mm_set1_ps
#define DRMP3_VADD _mm_add_ps
#define DRMP3_VSUB _mm_sub_ps
#define DRMP3_VMUL _mm_mul_ps
#define DRMP3_VMAC(a, x, y) _mm_add_ps(a, _mm_mul_ps(x, y))
#define DRMP3_VMSB(a, x, y) _mm_sub_ps(a, _mm_mul_ps(x, y))
#define DRMP3_VMUL_S(x, s)  _mm_mul_ps(x, _mm_set1_ps(s))
#define DRMP3_VREV(x) _mm_shuffle_ps(x, x, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 1, 2, 3))
typedef __m128 drmp3_f4;
#if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD)
#define drmp3_cpuid __cpuid
#else
static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) void drmp3_cpuid(int CPUInfo[], const int InfoType)
{
#if defined(__PIC__)
    __asm__ __volatile__(
#if defined(__x86_64__)
        "push %%rbx\n"
        "cpuid\n"
        "xchgl %%ebx, %1\n"
        "pop  %%rbx\n"
#else
        "xchgl %%ebx, %1\n"
        "cpuid\n"
        "xchgl %%ebx, %1\n"
#endif
        : "=a" (CPUInfo[0]), "=r" (CPUInfo[1]), "=c" (CPUInfo[2]), "=d" (CPUInfo[3])
        : "a" (InfoType));
#else
    __asm__ __volatile__(
        "cpuid"
        : "=a" (CPUInfo[0]), "=b" (CPUInfo[1]), "=c" (CPUInfo[2]), "=d" (CPUInfo[3])
        : "a" (InfoType));
#endif
}
#endif
static int drmp3_have_simd(void)
{
#ifdef DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD
    return 1;
#else
    static int g_have_simd;
    int CPUInfo[4];
#ifdef MINIMP3_TEST
    static int g_counter;
    if (g_counter++ > 100)
        return 0;
#endif
    if (g_have_simd)
        goto end;
    drmp3_cpuid(CPUInfo, 0);
    if (CPUInfo[0] > 0)
    {
        drmp3_cpuid(CPUInfo, 1);
        g_have_simd = (CPUInfo[3] & (1 << 26)) + 1;
        return g_have_simd - 1;
    }
end:
    return g_have_simd - 1;
#endif
}
#elif defined(__ARM_NEON) || defined(__aarch64__)
#include <arm_neon.h>
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SSE 0
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD 1
#define DRMP3_VSTORE vst1q_f32
#define DRMP3_VLD vld1q_f32
#define DRMP3_VSET vmovq_n_f32
#define DRMP3_VADD vaddq_f32
#define DRMP3_VSUB vsubq_f32
#define DRMP3_VMUL vmulq_f32
#define DRMP3_VMAC(a, x, y) vmlaq_f32(a, x, y)
#define DRMP3_VMSB(a, x, y) vmlsq_f32(a, x, y)
#define DRMP3_VMUL_S(x, s)  vmulq_f32(x, vmovq_n_f32(s))
#define DRMP3_VREV(x) vcombine_f32(vget_high_f32(vrev64q_f32(x)), vget_low_f32(vrev64q_f32(x)))
typedef float32x4_t drmp3_f4;
static int drmp3_have_simd(void)
{
    return 1;
}
#else
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SSE 0
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD 0
#ifdef DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD
#error DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD used, but SSE/NEON not enabled
#endif
#endif
#else
#define DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD 0
#endif
#if defined(__ARM_ARCH) && (__ARM_ARCH >= 6) && !defined(__aarch64__)
#define DRMP3_HAVE_ARMV6 1
static __inline__ __attribute__((always_inline)) drmp3_int32 drmp3_clip_int16_arm(int32_t a)
{
    drmp3_int32 x = 0;
    __asm__ ("ssat %0, #16, %1" : "=r"(x) : "r"(a));
    return x;
}
#endif
typedef struct
{
    const drmp3_uint8 *buf;
    int pos, limit;
} drmp3_bs;
typedef struct
{
    float scf[3*64];
    drmp3_uint8 total_bands, stereo_bands, bitalloc[64], scfcod[64];
} drmp3_L12_scale_info;
typedef struct
{
    drmp3_uint8 tab_offset, code_tab_width, band_count;
} drmp3_L12_subband_alloc;
typedef struct
{
    const drmp3_uint8 *sfbtab;
    drmp3_uint16 part_23_length, big_values, scalefac_compress;
    drmp3_uint8 global_gain, block_type, mixed_block_flag, n_long_sfb, n_short_sfb;
    drmp3_uint8 table_select[3], region_count[3], subblock_gain[3];
    drmp3_uint8 preflag, scalefac_scale, count1_table, scfsi;
} drmp3_L3_gr_info;
typedef struct
{
    drmp3_bs bs;
    drmp3_uint8 maindata[DRMP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES + DRMP3_MAX_L3_FRAME_PAYLOAD_BYTES];
    drmp3_L3_gr_info gr_info[4];
    float grbuf[2][576], scf[40], syn[18 + 15][2*32];
    drmp3_uint8 ist_pos[2][39];
} drmp3dec_scratch;
static void drmp3_bs_init(drmp3_bs *bs, const drmp3_uint8 *data, int bytes)
{
    bs->buf   = data;
    bs->pos   = 0;
    bs->limit = bytes*8;
}
static drmp3_uint32 drmp3_bs_get_bits(drmp3_bs *bs, int n)
{
    drmp3_uint32 next, cache = 0, s = bs->pos & 7;
    int shl = n + s;
    const drmp3_uint8 *p = bs->buf + (bs->pos >> 3);
    if ((bs->pos += n) > bs->limit)
        return 0;
    next = *p++ & (255 >> s);
    while ((shl -= 8) > 0)
    {
        cache |= next << shl;
        next = *p++;
    }
    return cache | (next >> -shl);
}
static int drmp3_hdr_valid(const drmp3_uint8 *h)
{
    return h[0] == 0xff &&
        ((h[1] & 0xF0) == 0xf0 || (h[1] & 0xFE) == 0xe2) &&
        (DRMP3_HDR_GET_LAYER(h) != 0) &&
        (DRMP3_HDR_GET_BITRATE(h) != 15) &&
        (DRMP3_HDR_GET_SAMPLE_RATE(h) != 3);
}
static int drmp3_hdr_compare(const drmp3_uint8 *h1, const drmp3_uint8 *h2)
{
    return drmp3_hdr_valid(h2) &&
        ((h1[1] ^ h2[1]) & 0xFE) == 0 &&
        ((h1[2] ^ h2[2]) & 0x0C) == 0 &&
        !(DRMP3_HDR_IS_FREE_FORMAT(h1) ^ DRMP3_HDR_IS_FREE_FORMAT(h2));
}
static unsigned drmp3_hdr_bitrate_kbps(const drmp3_uint8 *h)
{
    static const drmp3_uint8 halfrate[2][3][15] = {
        { { 0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,40,48,56,64,72,80 }, { 0,4,8,12,16,20,24,28,32,40,48,56,64,72,80 }, { 0,16,24,28,32,40,48,56,64,72,80,88,96,112,128 } },
        { { 0,16,20,24,28,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160 }, { 0,16,24,28,32,40,48,56,64,80,96,112,128,160,192 }, { 0,16,32,48,64,80,96,112,128,144,160,176,192,208,224 } },
    };
    return 2*halfrate[!!DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(h)][DRMP3_HDR_GET_LAYER(h) - 1][DRMP3_HDR_GET_BITRATE(h)];
}
static unsigned drmp3_hdr_sample_rate_hz(const drmp3_uint8 *h)
{
    static const unsigned g_hz[3] = { 44100, 48000, 32000 };
    return g_hz[DRMP3_HDR_GET_SAMPLE_RATE(h)] >> (int)!DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(h) >> (int)!DRMP3_HDR_TEST_NOT_MPEG25(h);
}
static unsigned drmp3_hdr_frame_samples(const drmp3_uint8 *h)
{
    return DRMP3_HDR_IS_LAYER_1(h) ? 384 : (1152 >> (int)DRMP3_HDR_IS_FRAME_576(h));
}
static int drmp3_hdr_frame_bytes(const drmp3_uint8 *h, int free_format_size)
{
    int frame_bytes = drmp3_hdr_frame_samples(h)*drmp3_hdr_bitrate_kbps(h)*125/drmp3_hdr_sample_rate_hz(h);
    if (DRMP3_HDR_IS_LAYER_1(h))
    {
        frame_bytes &= ~3;
    }
    return frame_bytes ? frame_bytes : free_format_size;
}
static int drmp3_hdr_padding(const drmp3_uint8 *h)
{
    return DRMP3_HDR_TEST_PADDING(h) ? (DRMP3_HDR_IS_LAYER_1(h) ? 4 : 1) : 0;
}
#ifndef DR_MP3_ONLY_MP3
static const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc *drmp3_L12_subband_alloc_table(const drmp3_uint8 *hdr, drmp3_L12_scale_info *sci)
{
    const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc *alloc;
    int mode = DRMP3_HDR_GET_STEREO_MODE(hdr);
    int nbands, stereo_bands = (mode == DRMP3_MODE_MONO) ? 0 : (mode == DRMP3_MODE_JOINT_STEREO) ? (DRMP3_HDR_GET_STEREO_MODE_EXT(hdr) << 2) + 4 : 32;
    if (DRMP3_HDR_IS_LAYER_1(hdr))
    {
        static const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc g_alloc_L1[] = { { 76, 4, 32 } };
        alloc = g_alloc_L1;
        nbands = 32;
    } else if (!DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr))
    {
        static const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc g_alloc_L2M2[] = { { 60, 4, 4 }, { 44, 3, 7 }, { 44, 2, 19 } };
        alloc = g_alloc_L2M2;
        nbands = 30;
    } else
    {
        static const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc g_alloc_L2M1[] = { { 0, 4, 3 }, { 16, 4, 8 }, { 32, 3, 12 }, { 40, 2, 7 } };
        int sample_rate_idx = DRMP3_HDR_GET_SAMPLE_RATE(hdr);
        unsigned kbps = drmp3_hdr_bitrate_kbps(hdr) >> (int)(mode != DRMP3_MODE_MONO);
        if (!kbps)
        {
            kbps = 192;
        }
        alloc = g_alloc_L2M1;
        nbands = 27;
        if (kbps < 56)
        {
            static const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc g_alloc_L2M1_lowrate[] = { { 44, 4, 2 }, { 44, 3, 10 } };
            alloc = g_alloc_L2M1_lowrate;
            nbands = sample_rate_idx == 2 ? 12 : 8;
        } else if (kbps >= 96 && sample_rate_idx != 1)
        {
            nbands = 30;
        }
    }
    sci->total_bands = (drmp3_uint8)nbands;
    sci->stereo_bands = (drmp3_uint8)DRMP3_MIN(stereo_bands, nbands);
    return alloc;
}
static void drmp3_L12_read_scalefactors(drmp3_bs *bs, drmp3_uint8 *pba, drmp3_uint8 *scfcod, int bands, float *scf)
{
    static const float g_deq_L12[18*3] = {
#define DRMP3_DQ(x) 9.53674316e-07f/x, 7.56931807e-07f/x, 6.00777173e-07f/x
        DRMP3_DQ(3),DRMP3_DQ(7),DRMP3_DQ(15),DRMP3_DQ(31),DRMP3_DQ(63),DRMP3_DQ(127),DRMP3_DQ(255),DRMP3_DQ(511),DRMP3_DQ(1023),DRMP3_DQ(2047),DRMP3_DQ(4095),DRMP3_DQ(8191),DRMP3_DQ(16383),DRMP3_DQ(32767),DRMP3_DQ(65535),DRMP3_DQ(3),DRMP3_DQ(5),DRMP3_DQ(9)
    };
    int i, m;
    for (i = 0; i < bands; i++)
    {
        float s = 0;
        int ba = *pba++;
        int mask = ba ? 4 + ((19 >> scfcod[i]) & 3) : 0;
        for (m = 4; m; m >>= 1)
        {
            if (mask & m)
            {
                int b = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 6);
                s = g_deq_L12[ba*3 - 6 + b % 3]*(int)(1 << 21 >> b/3);
            }
            *scf++ = s;
        }
    }
}
static void drmp3_L12_read_scale_info(const drmp3_uint8 *hdr, drmp3_bs *bs, drmp3_L12_scale_info *sci)
{
    static const drmp3_uint8 g_bitalloc_code_tab[] = {
        0,17, 3, 4, 5,6,7, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,
        0,17,18, 3,19,4,5, 6,7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13,16,
        0,17,18, 3,19,4,5,16,
        0,17,18,16,
        0,17,18,19, 4,5,6, 7,8, 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,
        0,17,18, 3,19,4,5, 6,7, 8, 9,10,11,12,13,14,
        0, 2, 3, 4, 5,6,7, 8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16
    };
    const drmp3_L12_subband_alloc *subband_alloc = drmp3_L12_subband_alloc_table(hdr, sci);
    int i, k = 0, ba_bits = 0;
    const drmp3_uint8 *ba_code_tab = g_bitalloc_code_tab;
    for (i = 0; i < sci->total_bands; i++)
    {
        drmp3_uint8 ba;
        if (i == k)
        {
            k += subband_alloc->band_count;
            ba_bits = subband_alloc->code_tab_width;
            ba_code_tab = g_bitalloc_code_tab + subband_alloc->tab_offset;
            subband_alloc++;
        }
        ba = ba_code_tab[drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, ba_bits)];
        sci->bitalloc[2*i] = ba;
        if (i < sci->stereo_bands)
        {
            ba = ba_code_tab[drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, ba_bits)];
        }
        sci->bitalloc[2*i + 1] = sci->stereo_bands ? ba : 0;
    }
    for (i = 0; i < 2*sci->total_bands; i++)
    {
        sci->scfcod[i] = (drmp3_uint8)(sci->bitalloc[i] ? DRMP3_HDR_IS_LAYER_1(hdr) ? 2 : drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 2) : 6);
    }
    drmp3_L12_read_scalefactors(bs, sci->bitalloc, sci->scfcod, sci->total_bands*2, sci->scf);
    for (i = sci->stereo_bands; i < sci->total_bands; i++)
    {
        sci->bitalloc[2*i + 1] = 0;
    }
}
static int drmp3_L12_dequantize_granule(float *grbuf, drmp3_bs *bs, drmp3_L12_scale_info *sci, int group_size)
{
    int i, j, k, choff = 576;
    for (j = 0; j < 4; j++)
    {
        float *dst = grbuf + group_size*j;
        for (i = 0; i < 2*sci->total_bands; i++)
        {
            int ba = sci->bitalloc[i];
            if (ba != 0)
            {
                if (ba < 17)
                {
                    int half = (1 << (ba - 1)) - 1;
                    for (k = 0; k < group_size; k++)
                    {
                        dst[k] = (float)((int)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, ba) - half);
                    }
                } else
                {
                    unsigned mod = (2 << (ba - 17)) + 1;
                    unsigned code = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, mod + 2 - (mod >> 3));
                    for (k = 0; k < group_size; k++, code /= mod)
                    {
                        dst[k] = (float)((int)(code % mod - mod/2));
                    }
                }
            }
            dst += choff;
            choff = 18 - choff;
        }
    }
    return group_size*4;
}
static void drmp3_L12_apply_scf_384(drmp3_L12_scale_info *sci, const float *scf, float *dst)
{
    int i, k;
    memcpy(dst + 576 + sci->stereo_bands*18, dst + sci->stereo_bands*18, (sci->total_bands - sci->stereo_bands)*18*sizeof(float));
    for (i = 0; i < sci->total_bands; i++, dst += 18, scf += 6)
    {
        for (k = 0; k < 12; k++)
        {
            dst[k + 0]   *= scf[0];
            dst[k + 576] *= scf[3];
        }
    }
}
#endif
static int drmp3_L3_read_side_info(drmp3_bs *bs, drmp3_L3_gr_info *gr, const drmp3_uint8 *hdr)
{
    static const drmp3_uint8 g_scf_long[8][23] = {
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,8,10,12,14,16,20,24,28,32,38,46,52,60,68,58,54,0 },
        { 12,12,12,12,12,12,16,20,24,28,32,40,48,56,64,76,90,2,2,2,2,2,0 },
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,8,10,12,14,16,20,24,28,32,38,46,52,60,68,58,54,0 },
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,22,26,32,38,46,54,62,70,76,36,0 },
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,8,10,12,14,16,20,24,28,32,38,46,52,60,68,58,54,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,8,8,10,12,16,20,24,28,34,42,50,54,76,158,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,10,12,16,18,22,28,34,40,46,54,54,192,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,8,10,12,16,20,24,30,38,46,56,68,84,102,26,0 }
    };
    static const drmp3_uint8 g_scf_short[8][40] = {
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,24,24,24,30,30,30,40,40,40,18,18,18,0 },
        { 8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,8,12,12,12,16,16,16,20,20,20,24,24,24,28,28,28,36,36,36,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,26,26,26,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,14,14,14,18,18,18,26,26,26,32,32,32,42,42,42,18,18,18,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,24,24,24,32,32,32,44,44,44,12,12,12,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,24,24,24,30,30,30,40,40,40,18,18,18,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,22,22,22,30,30,30,56,56,56,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,6,6,6,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,16,16,16,20,20,20,26,26,26,66,66,66,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,12,12,12,16,16,16,20,20,20,26,26,26,34,34,34,42,42,42,12,12,12,0 }
    };
    static const drmp3_uint8 g_scf_mixed[8][40] = {
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,24,24,24,30,30,30,40,40,40,18,18,18,0 },
        { 12,12,12,4,4,4,8,8,8,12,12,12,16,16,16,20,20,20,24,24,24,28,28,28,36,36,36,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,2,26,26,26,0 },
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,14,14,14,18,18,18,26,26,26,32,32,32,42,42,42,18,18,18,0 },
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,24,24,24,32,32,32,44,44,44,12,12,12,0 },
        { 6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,24,24,24,30,30,30,40,40,40,18,18,18,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,18,18,18,22,22,22,30,30,30,56,56,56,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,4,4,4,6,6,6,6,6,6,10,10,10,12,12,12,14,14,14,16,16,16,20,20,20,26,26,26,66,66,66,0 },
        { 4,4,4,4,4,4,6,6,4,4,4,6,6,6,8,8,8,12,12,12,16,16,16,20,20,20,26,26,26,34,34,34,42,42,42,12,12,12,0 }
    };
    unsigned tables, scfsi = 0;
    int main_data_begin, part_23_sum = 0;
    int gr_count = DRMP3_HDR_IS_MONO(hdr) ? 1 : 2;
    int sr_idx = DRMP3_HDR_GET_MY_SAMPLE_RATE(hdr); sr_idx -= (sr_idx != 0);
    if (DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr))
    {
        gr_count *= 2;
        main_data_begin = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 9);
        scfsi = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 7 + gr_count);
    } else
    {
        main_data_begin = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 8 + gr_count) >> gr_count;
    }
    do
    {
        if (DRMP3_HDR_IS_MONO(hdr))
        {
            scfsi <<= 4;
        }
        gr->part_23_length = (drmp3_uint16)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 12);
        part_23_sum += gr->part_23_length;
        gr->big_values = (drmp3_uint16)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs,  9);
        if (gr->big_values > 288)
        {
            return -1;
        }
        gr->global_gain = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 8);
        gr->scalefac_compress = (drmp3_uint16)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? 4 : 9);
        gr->sfbtab = g_scf_long[sr_idx];
        gr->n_long_sfb  = 22;
        gr->n_short_sfb = 0;
        if (drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 1))
        {
            gr->block_type = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 2);
            if (!gr->block_type)
            {
                return -1;
            }
            gr->mixed_block_flag = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 1);
            gr->region_count[0] = 7;
            gr->region_count[1] = 255;
            if (gr->block_type == DRMP3_SHORT_BLOCK_TYPE)
            {
                scfsi &= 0x0F0F;
                if (!gr->mixed_block_flag)
                {
                    gr->region_count[0] = 8;
                    gr->sfbtab = g_scf_short[sr_idx];
                    gr->n_long_sfb = 0;
                    gr->n_short_sfb = 39;
                } else
                {
                    gr->sfbtab = g_scf_mixed[sr_idx];
                    gr->n_long_sfb = DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? 8 : 6;
                    gr->n_short_sfb = 30;
                }
            }
            tables = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 10);
            tables <<= 5;
            gr->subblock_gain[0] = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 3);
            gr->subblock_gain[1] = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 3);
            gr->subblock_gain[2] = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 3);
        } else
        {
            gr->block_type = 0;
            gr->mixed_block_flag = 0;
            tables = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 15);
            gr->region_count[0] = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 4);
            gr->region_count[1] = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 3);
            gr->region_count[2] = 255;
        }
        gr->table_select[0] = (drmp3_uint8)(tables >> 10);
        gr->table_select[1] = (drmp3_uint8)((tables >> 5) & 31);
        gr->table_select[2] = (drmp3_uint8)((tables) & 31);
        gr->preflag = (drmp3_uint8)(DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 1) : (gr->scalefac_compress >= 500));
        gr->scalefac_scale = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 1);
        gr->count1_table = (drmp3_uint8)drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs, 1);
        gr->scfsi = (drmp3_uint8)((scfsi >> 12) & 15);
        scfsi <<= 4;
        gr++;
    } while(--gr_count);
    if (part_23_sum + bs->pos > bs->limit + main_data_begin*8)
    {
        return -1;
    }
    return main_data_begin;
}
static void drmp3_L3_read_scalefactors(drmp3_uint8 *scf, drmp3_uint8 *ist_pos, const drmp3_uint8 *scf_size, const drmp3_uint8 *scf_count, drmp3_bs *bitbuf, int scfsi)
{
    int i, k;
    for (i = 0; i < 4 && scf_count[i]; i++, scfsi *= 2)
    {
        int cnt = scf_count[i];
        if (scfsi & 8)
        {
            memcpy(scf, ist_pos, cnt);
        } else
        {
            int bits = scf_size[i];
            if (!bits)
            {
                memset(scf, 0, cnt);
                memset(ist_pos, 0, cnt);
            } else
            {
                int max_scf = (scfsi < 0) ? (1 << bits) - 1 : -1;
                for (k = 0; k < cnt; k++)
                {
                    int s = drmp3_bs_get_bits(bitbuf, bits);
                    ist_pos[k] = (drmp3_uint8)(s == max_scf ? -1 : s);
                    scf[k] = (drmp3_uint8)s;
                }
            }
        }
        ist_pos += cnt;
        scf += cnt;
    }
    scf[0] = scf[1] = scf[2] = 0;
}
static float drmp3_L3_ldexp_q2(float y, int exp_q2)
{
    static const float g_expfrac[4] = { 9.31322575e-10f,7.83145814e-10f,6.58544508e-10f,5.53767716e-10f };
    int e;
    do
    {
        e = DRMP3_MIN(30*4, exp_q2);
        y *= g_expfrac[e & 3]*(1 << 30 >> (e >> 2));
    } while ((exp_q2 -= e) > 0);
    return y;
}
static void drmp3_L3_decode_scalefactors(const drmp3_uint8 *hdr, drmp3_uint8 *ist_pos, drmp3_bs *bs, const drmp3_L3_gr_info *gr, float *scf, int ch)
{
    static const drmp3_uint8 g_scf_partitions[3][28] = {
        { 6,5,5, 5,6,5,5,5,6,5, 7,3,11,10,0,0, 7, 7, 7,0, 6, 6,6,3, 8, 8,5,0 },
        { 8,9,6,12,6,9,9,9,6,9,12,6,15,18,0,0, 6,15,12,0, 6,12,9,6, 6,18,9,0 },
        { 9,9,6,12,9,9,9,9,9,9,12,6,18,18,0,0,12,12,12,0,12, 9,9,6,15,12,9,0 }
    };
    const drmp3_uint8 *scf_partition = g_scf_partitions[!!gr->n_short_sfb + !gr->n_long_sfb];
    drmp3_uint8 scf_size[4], iscf[40];
    int i, scf_shift = gr->scalefac_scale + 1, gain_exp, scfsi = gr->scfsi;
    float gain;
    if (DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr))
    {
        static const drmp3_uint8 g_scfc_decode[16] = { 0,1,2,3, 12,5,6,7, 9,10,11,13, 14,15,18,19 };
        int part = g_scfc_decode[gr->scalefac_compress];
        scf_size[1] = scf_size[0] = (drmp3_uint8)(part >> 2);
        scf_size[3] = scf_size[2] = (drmp3_uint8)(part & 3);
    } else
    {
        static const drmp3_uint8 g_mod[6*4] = { 5,5,4,4,5,5,4,1,4,3,1,1,5,6,6,1,4,4,4,1,4,3,1,1 };
        int k, modprod, sfc, ist = DRMP3_HDR_TEST_I_STEREO(hdr) && ch;
        sfc = gr->scalefac_compress >> ist;
        for (k = ist*3*4; sfc >= 0; sfc -= modprod, k += 4)
        {
            for (modprod = 1, i = 3; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                scf_size[i] = (drmp3_uint8)(sfc / modprod % g_mod[k + i]);
                modprod *= g_mod[k + i];
            }
        }
        scf_partition += k;
        scfsi = -16;
    }
    drmp3_L3_read_scalefactors(iscf, ist_pos, scf_size, scf_partition, bs, scfsi);
    if (gr->n_short_sfb)
    {
        int sh = 3 - scf_shift;
        for (i = 0; i < gr->n_short_sfb; i += 3)
        {
            iscf[gr->n_long_sfb + i + 0] = (drmp3_uint8)(iscf[gr->n_long_sfb + i + 0] + (gr->subblock_gain[0] << sh));
            iscf[gr->n_long_sfb + i + 1] = (drmp3_uint8)(iscf[gr->n_long_sfb + i + 1] + (gr->subblock_gain[1] << sh));
            iscf[gr->n_long_sfb + i + 2] = (drmp3_uint8)(iscf[gr->n_long_sfb + i + 2] + (gr->subblock_gain[2] << sh));
        }
    } else if (gr->preflag)
    {
        static const drmp3_uint8 g_preamp[10] = { 1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,3,2 };
        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)
        {
            iscf[11 + i] = (drmp3_uint8)(iscf[11 + i] + g_preamp[i]);
        }
    }
    gain_exp = gr->global_gain + DRMP3_BITS_DEQUANTIZER_OUT*4 - 210 - (DRMP3_HDR_IS_MS_STEREO(hdr) ? 2 : 0);
    gain = drmp3_L3_ldexp_q2(1 << (DRMP3_MAX_SCFI/4),  DRMP3_MAX_SCFI - gain_exp);
    for (i = 0; i < (int)(gr->n_long_sfb + gr->n_short_sfb); i++)
    {
        scf[i] = drmp3_L3_ldexp_q2(gain, iscf[i] << scf_shift);
    }
}
static const float g_drmp3_pow43[129 + 16] = {
    0,-1,-2.519842f,-4.326749f,-6.349604f,-8.549880f,-10.902724f,-13.390518f,-16.000000f,-18.720754f,-21.544347f,-24.463781f,-27.473142f,-30.567351f,-33.741992f,-36.993181f,
    0,1,2.519842f,4.326749f,6.349604f,8.549880f,10.902724f,13.390518f,16.000000f,18.720754f,21.544347f,24.463781f,27.473142f,30.567351f,33.741992f,36.993181f,40.317474f,43.711787f,47.173345f,50.699631f,54.288352f,57.937408f,61.644865f,65.408941f,69.227979f,73.100443f,77.024898f,81.000000f,85.024491f,89.097188f,93.216975f,97.382800f,101.593667f,105.848633f,110.146801f,114.487321f,118.869381f,123.292209f,127.755065f,132.257246f,136.798076f,141.376907f,145.993119f,150.646117f,155.335327f,160.060199f,164.820202f,169.614826f,174.443577f,179.305980f,184.201575f,189.129918f,194.090580f,199.083145f,204.107210f,209.162385f,214.248292f,219.364564f,224.510845f,229.686789f,234.892058f,240.126328f,245.389280f,250.680604f,256.000000f,261.347174f,266.721841f,272.123723f,277.552547f,283.008049f,288.489971f,293.998060f,299.532071f,305.091761f,310.676898f,316.287249f,321.922592f,327.582707f,333.267377f,338.976394f,344.709550f,350.466646f,356.247482f,362.051866f,367.879608f,373.730522f,379.604427f,385.501143f,391.420496f,397.362314f,403.326427f,409.312672f,415.320884f,421.350905f,427.402579f,433.475750f,439.570269f,445.685987f,451.822757f,457.980436f,464.158883f,470.357960f,476.577530f,482.817459f,489.077615f,495.357868f,501.658090f,507.978156f,514.317941f,520.677324f,527.056184f,533.454404f,539.871867f,546.308458f,552.764065f,559.238575f,565.731879f,572.243870f,578.774440f,585.323483f,591.890898f,598.476581f,605.080431f,611.702349f,618.342238f,625.000000f,631.675540f,638.368763f,645.079578f
};
static float drmp3_L3_pow_43(int x)
{
    float frac;
    int sign, mult = 256;
    if (x < 129)
    {
        return g_drmp3_pow43[16 + x];
    }
    if (x < 1024)
    {
        mult = 16;
        x <<= 3;
    }
    sign = 2*x & 64;
    frac = (float)((x & 63) - sign) / ((x & ~63) + sign);
    return g_drmp3_pow43[16 + ((x + sign) >> 6)]*(1.f + frac*((4.f/3) + frac*(2.f/9)))*mult;
}
static void drmp3_L3_huffman(float *dst, drmp3_bs *bs, const drmp3_L3_gr_info *gr_info, const float *scf, int layer3gr_limit)
{
    static const drmp3_int16 tabs[] = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
        785,785,785,785,784,784,784,784,513,513,513,513,513,513,513,513,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,
        -255,1313,1298,1282,785,785,785,785,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,290,288,
        -255,1313,1298,1282,769,769,769,769,529,529,529,529,529,529,529,529,528,528,528,528,528,528,528,528,512,512,512,512,512,512,512,512,290,288,
        -253,-318,-351,-367,785,785,785,785,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,819,818,547,547,275,275,275,275,561,560,515,546,289,274,288,258,
        -254,-287,1329,1299,1314,1312,1057,1057,1042,1042,1026,1026,784,784,784,784,529,529,529,529,529,529,529,529,769,769,769,769,768,768,768,768,563,560,306,306,291,259,
        -252,-413,-477,-542,1298,-575,1041,1041,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,-383,-399,1107,1092,1106,1061,849,849,789,789,1104,1091,773,773,1076,1075,341,340,325,309,834,804,577,577,532,532,516,516,832,818,803,816,561,561,531,531,515,546,289,289,288,258,
        -252,-429,-493,-559,1057,1057,1042,1042,529,529,529,529,529,529,529,529,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,512,512,512,512,512,512,512,512,-382,1077,-415,1106,1061,1104,849,849,789,789,1091,1076,1029,1075,834,834,597,581,340,340,339,324,804,833,532,532,832,772,818,803,817,787,816,771,290,290,290,290,288,258,
        -253,-349,-414,-447,-463,1329,1299,-479,1314,1312,1057,1057,1042,1042,1026,1026,785,785,785,785,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,768,768,768,768,-319,851,821,-335,836,850,805,849,341,340,325,336,533,533,579,579,564,564,773,832,578,548,563,516,321,276,306,291,304,259,
        -251,-572,-733,-830,-863,-879,1041,1041,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,-511,-527,-543,1396,1351,1381,1366,1395,1335,1380,-559,1334,1138,1138,1063,1063,1350,1392,1031,1031,1062,1062,1364,1363,1120,1120,1333,1348,881,881,881,881,375,374,359,373,343,358,341,325,791,791,1123,1122,-703,1105,1045,-719,865,865,790,790,774,774,1104,1029,338,293,323,308,-799,-815,833,788,772,818,803,816,322,292,307,320,561,531,515,546,289,274,288,258,
        -251,-525,-605,-685,-765,-831,-846,1298,1057,1057,1312,1282,785,785,785,785,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,512,512,512,512,512,512,512,512,1399,1398,1383,1367,1382,1396,1351,-511,1381,1366,1139,1139,1079,1079,1124,1124,1364,1349,1363,1333,882,882,882,882,807,807,807,807,1094,1094,1136,1136,373,341,535,535,881,775,867,822,774,-591,324,338,-671,849,550,550,866,864,609,609,293,336,534,534,789,835,773,-751,834,804,308,307,833,788,832,772,562,562,547,547,305,275,560,515,290,290,
        -252,-397,-477,-557,-622,-653,-719,-735,-750,1329,1299,1314,1057,1057,1042,1042,1312,1282,1024,1024,785,785,785,785,784,784,784,784,769,769,769,769,-383,1127,1141,1111,1126,1140,1095,1110,869,869,883,883,1079,1109,882,882,375,374,807,868,838,881,791,-463,867,822,368,263,852,837,836,-543,610,610,550,550,352,336,534,534,865,774,851,821,850,805,593,533,579,564,773,832,578,578,548,548,577,577,307,276,306,291,516,560,259,259,
        -250,-2107,-2507,-2764,-2909,-2974,-3007,-3023,1041,1041,1040,1040,769,769,769,769,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,-767,-1052,-1213,-1277,-1358,-1405,-1469,-1535,-1550,-1582,-1614,-1647,-1662,-1694,-1726,-1759,-1774,-1807,-1822,-1854,-1886,1565,-1919,-1935,-1951,-1967,1731,1730,1580,1717,-1983,1729,1564,-1999,1548,-2015,-2031,1715,1595,-2047,1714,-2063,1610,-2079,1609,-2095,1323,1323,1457,1457,1307,1307,1712,1547,1641,1700,1699,1594,1685,1625,1442,1442,1322,1322,-780,-973,-910,1279,1278,1277,1262,1276,1261,1275,1215,1260,1229,-959,974,974,989,989,-943,735,478,478,495,463,506,414,-1039,1003,958,1017,927,942,987,957,431,476,1272,1167,1228,-1183,1256,-1199,895,895,941,941,1242,1227,1212,1135,1014,1014,490,489,503,487,910,1013,985,925,863,894,970,955,1012,847,-1343,831,755,755,984,909,428,366,754,559,-1391,752,486,457,924,997,698,698,983,893,740,740,908,877,739,739,667,667,953,938,497,287,271,271,683,606,590,712,726,574,302,302,738,736,481,286,526,725,605,711,636,724,696,651,589,681,666,710,364,467,573,695,466,466,301,465,379,379,709,604,665,679,316,316,634,633,436,436,464,269,424,394,452,332,438,363,347,408,393,448,331,422,362,407,392,421,346,406,391,376,375,359,1441,1306,-2367,1290,-2383,1337,-2399,-2415,1426,1321,-2431,1411,1336,-2447,-2463,-2479,1169,1169,1049,1049,1424,1289,1412,1352,1319,-2495,1154,1154,1064,1064,1153,1153,416,390,360,404,403,389,344,374,373,343,358,372,327,357,342,311,356,326,1395,1394,1137,1137,1047,1047,1365,1392,1287,1379,1334,1364,1349,1378,1318,1363,792,792,792,792,1152,1152,1032,1032,1121,1121,1046,1046,1120,1120,1030,1030,-2895,1106,1061,1104,849,849,789,789,1091,1076,1029,1090,1060,1075,833,833,309,324,532,532,832,772,818,803,561,561,531,560,515,546,289,274,288,258,
        -250,-1179,-1579,-1836,-1996,-2124,-2253,-2333,-2413,-2477,-2542,-2574,-2607,-2622,-2655,1314,1313,1298,1312,1282,785,785,785,785,1040,1040,1025,1025,768,768,768,768,-766,-798,-830,-862,-895,-911,-927,-943,-959,-975,-991,-1007,-1023,-1039,-1055,-1070,1724,1647,-1103,-1119,1631,1767,1662,1738,1708,1723,-1135,1780,1615,1779,1599,1677,1646,1778,1583,-1151,1777,1567,1737,1692,1765,1722,1707,1630,1751,1661,1764,1614,1736,1676,1763,1750,1645,1598,1721,1691,1762,1706,1582,1761,1566,-1167,1749,1629,767,766,751,765,494,494,735,764,719,749,734,763,447,447,748,718,477,506,431,491,446,476,461,505,415,430,475,445,504,399,460,489,414,503,383,474,429,459,502,502,746,752,488,398,501,473,413,472,486,271,480,270,-1439,-1455,1357,-1471,-1487,-1503,1341,1325,-1519,1489,1463,1403,1309,-1535,1372,1448,1418,1476,1356,1462,1387,-1551,1475,1340,1447,1402,1386,-1567,1068,1068,1474,1461,455,380,468,440,395,425,410,454,364,467,466,464,453,269,409,448,268,432,1371,1473,1432,1417,1308,1460,1355,1446,1459,1431,1083,1083,1401,1416,1458,1445,1067,1067,1370,1457,1051,1051,1291,1430,1385,1444,1354,1415,1400,1443,1082,1082,1173,1113,1186,1066,1185,1050,-1967,1158,1128,1172,1097,1171,1081,-1983,1157,1112,416,266,375,400,1170,1142,1127,1065,793,793,1169,1033,1156,1096,1141,1111,1155,1080,1126,1140,898,898,808,808,897,897,792,792,1095,1152,1032,1125,1110,1139,1079,1124,882,807,838,881,853,791,-2319,867,368,263,822,852,837,866,806,865,-2399,851,352,262,534,534,821,836,594,594,549,549,593,593,533,533,848,773,579,579,564,578,548,563,276,276,577,576,306,291,516,560,305,305,275,259,
        -251,-892,-2058,-2620,-2828,-2957,-3023,-3039,1041,1041,1040,1040,769,769,769,769,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,256,-511,-527,-543,-559,1530,-575,-591,1528,1527,1407,1526,1391,1023,1023,1023,1023,1525,1375,1268,1268,1103,1103,1087,1087,1039,1039,1523,-604,815,815,815,815,510,495,509,479,508,463,507,447,431,505,415,399,-734,-782,1262,-815,1259,1244,-831,1258,1228,-847,-863,1196,-879,1253,987,987,748,-767,493,493,462,477,414,414,686,669,478,446,461,445,474,429,487,458,412,471,1266,1264,1009,1009,799,799,-1019,-1276,-1452,-1581,-1677,-1757,-1821,-1886,-1933,-1997,1257,1257,1483,1468,1512,1422,1497,1406,1467,1496,1421,1510,1134,1134,1225,1225,1466,1451,1374,1405,1252,1252,1358,1480,1164,1164,1251,1251,1238,1238,1389,1465,-1407,1054,1101,-1423,1207,-1439,830,830,1248,1038,1237,1117,1223,1148,1236,1208,411,426,395,410,379,269,1193,1222,1132,1235,1221,1116,976,976,1192,1162,1177,1220,1131,1191,963,963,-1647,961,780,-1663,558,558,994,993,437,408,393,407,829,978,813,797,947,-1743,721,721,377,392,844,950,828,890,706,706,812,859,796,960,948,843,934,874,571,571,-1919,690,555,689,421,346,539,539,944,779,918,873,932,842,903,888,570,570,931,917,674,674,-2575,1562,-2591,1609,-2607,1654,1322,1322,1441,1441,1696,1546,1683,1593,1669,1624,1426,1426,1321,1321,1639,1680,1425,1425,1305,1305,1545,1668,1608,1623,1667,1592,1638,1666,1320,1320,1652,1607,1409,1409,1304,1304,1288,1288,1664,1637,1395,1395,1335,1335,1622,1636,1394,1394,1319,1319,1606,1621,1392,1392,1137,1137,1137,1137,345,390,360,375,404,373,1047,-2751,-2767,-2783,1062,1121,1046,-2799,1077,-2815,1106,1061,789,789,1105,1104,263,355,310,340,325,354,352,262,339,324,1091,1076,1029,1090,1060,1075,833,833,788,788,1088,1028,818,818,803,803,561,561,531,531,816,771,546,546,289,274,288,258,
        -253,-317,-381,-446,-478,-509,1279,1279,-811,-1179,-1451,-1756,-1900,-2028,-2189,-2253,-2333,-2414,-2445,-2511,-2526,1313,1298,-2559,1041,1041,1040,1040,1025,1025,1024,1024,1022,1007,1021,991,1020,975,1019,959,687,687,1018,1017,671,671,655,655,1016,1015,639,639,758,758,623,623,757,607,756,591,755,575,754,559,543,543,1009,783,-575,-621,-685,-749,496,-590,750,749,734,748,974,989,1003,958,988,973,1002,942,987,957,972,1001,926,986,941,971,956,1000,910,985,925,999,894,970,-1071,-1087,-1102,1390,-1135,1436,1509,1451,1374,-1151,1405,1358,1480,1420,-1167,1507,1494,1389,1342,1465,1435,1450,1326,1505,1310,1493,1373,1479,1404,1492,1464,1419,428,443,472,397,736,526,464,464,486,457,442,471,484,482,1357,1449,1434,1478,1388,1491,1341,1490,1325,1489,1463,1403,1309,1477,1372,1448,1418,1433,1476,1356,1462,1387,-1439,1475,1340,1447,1402,1474,1324,1461,1371,1473,269,448,1432,1417,1308,1460,-1711,1459,-1727,1441,1099,1099,1446,1386,1431,1401,-1743,1289,1083,1083,1160,1160,1458,1445,1067,1067,1370,1457,1307,1430,1129,1129,1098,1098,268,432,267,416,266,400,-1887,1144,1187,1082,1173,1113,1186,1066,1050,1158,1128,1143,1172,1097,1171,1081,420,391,1157,1112,1170,1142,1127,1065,1169,1049,1156,1096,1141,1111,1155,1080,1126,1154,1064,1153,1140,1095,1048,-2159,1125,1110,1137,-2175,823,823,1139,1138,807,807,384,264,368,263,868,838,853,791,867,822,852,837,866,806,865,790,-2319,851,821,836,352,262,850,805,849,-2399,533,533,835,820,336,261,578,548,563,577,532,532,832,772,562,562,547,547,305,275,560,515,290,290,288,258 };
    static const drmp3_uint8 tab32[] = { 130,162,193,209,44,28,76,140,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,9,190,254,222,238,126,94,157,157,109,61,173,205};
    static const drmp3_uint8 tab33[] = { 252,236,220,204,188,172,156,140,124,108,92,76,60,44,28,12 };
    static const drmp3_int16 tabindex[2*16] = { 0,32,64,98,0,132,180,218,292,364,426,538,648,746,0,1126,1460,1460,1460,1460,1460,1460,1460,1460,1842,1842,1842,1842,1842,1842,1842,1842 };
    static const drmp3_uint8 g_linbits[] =  { 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,13,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13 };
#define DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(n)    (bs_cache >> (32 - n))
#define DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(n)   { bs_cache <<= (n); bs_sh += (n); }
#define DRMP3_CHECK_BITS      while (bs_sh >= 0) { bs_cache |= (drmp3_uint32)*bs_next_ptr++ << bs_sh; bs_sh -= 8; }
#define DRMP3_BSPOS           ((bs_next_ptr - bs->buf)*8 - 24 + bs_sh)
    float one = 0.0f;
    int ireg = 0, big_val_cnt = gr_info->big_values;
    const drmp3_uint8 *sfb = gr_info->sfbtab;
    const drmp3_uint8 *bs_next_ptr = bs->buf + bs->pos/8;
    drmp3_uint32 bs_cache = (((bs_next_ptr[0]*256u + bs_next_ptr[1])*256u + bs_next_ptr[2])*256u + bs_next_ptr[3]) << (bs->pos & 7);
    int pairs_to_decode, np, bs_sh = (bs->pos & 7) - 8;
    bs_next_ptr += 4;
    while (big_val_cnt > 0)
    {
        int tab_num = gr_info->table_select[ireg];
        int sfb_cnt = gr_info->region_count[ireg++];
        const drmp3_int16 *codebook = tabs + tabindex[tab_num];
        int linbits = g_linbits[tab_num];
        if (linbits)
        {
            do
            {
                np = *sfb++ / 2;
                pairs_to_decode = DRMP3_MIN(big_val_cnt, np);
                one = *scf++;
                do
                {
                    int j, w = 5;
                    int leaf = codebook[DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(w)];
                    while (leaf < 0)
                    {
                        DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(w);
                        w = leaf & 7;
                        leaf = codebook[DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(w) - (leaf >> 3)];
                    }
                    DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(leaf >> 8);
                    for (j = 0; j < 2; j++, dst++, leaf >>= 4)
                    {
                        int lsb = leaf & 0x0F;
                        if (lsb == 15)
                        {
                            lsb += DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(linbits);
                            DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(linbits);
                            DRMP3_CHECK_BITS;
                            *dst = one*drmp3_L3_pow_43(lsb)*((drmp3_int32)bs_cache < 0 ? -1: 1);
                        } else
                        {
                            *dst = g_drmp3_pow43[16 + lsb - 16*(bs_cache >> 31)]*one;
                        }
                        DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(lsb ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                    DRMP3_CHECK_BITS;
                } while (--pairs_to_decode);
            } while ((big_val_cnt -= np) > 0 && --sfb_cnt >= 0);
        } else
        {
            do
            {
                np = *sfb++ / 2;
                pairs_to_decode = DRMP3_MIN(big_val_cnt, np);
                one = *scf++;
                do
                {
                    int j, w = 5;
                    int leaf = codebook[DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(w)];
                    while (leaf < 0)
                    {
                        DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(w);
                        w = leaf & 7;
                        leaf = codebook[DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(w) - (leaf >> 3)];
                    }
                    DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(leaf >> 8);
                    for (j = 0; j < 2; j++, dst++, leaf >>= 4)
                    {
                        int lsb = leaf & 0x0F;
                        *dst = g_drmp3_pow43[16 + lsb - 16*(bs_cache >> 31)]*one;
                        DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(lsb ? 1 : 0);
                    }
                    DRMP3_CHECK_BITS;
                } while (--pairs_to_decode);
            } while ((big_val_cnt -= np) > 0 && --sfb_cnt >= 0);
        }
    }
    for (np = 1 - big_val_cnt;; dst += 4)
    {
        const drmp3_uint8 *codebook_count1 = (gr_info->count1_table) ? tab33 : tab32;
        int leaf = codebook_count1[DRMP3_PEEK_BITS(4)];
        if (!(leaf & 8))
        {
            leaf = codebook_count1[(leaf >> 3) + (bs_cache << 4 >> (32 - (leaf & 3)))];
        }
        DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(leaf & 7);
        if (DRMP3_BSPOS > layer3gr_limit)
        {
            break;
        }
#define DRMP3_RELOAD_SCALEFACTOR  if (!--np) { np = *sfb++/2; if (!np) break; one = *scf++; }
#define DRMP3_DEQ_COUNT1(s) if (leaf & (128 >> s)) { dst[s] = ((drmp3_int32)bs_cache < 0) ? -one : one; DRMP3_FLUSH_BITS(1) }
        DRMP3_RELOAD_SCALEFACTOR;
        DRMP3_DEQ_COUNT1(0);
        DRMP3_DEQ_COUNT1(1);
        DRMP3_RELOAD_SCALEFACTOR;
        DRMP3_DEQ_COUNT1(2);
        DRMP3_DEQ_COUNT1(3);
        DRMP3_CHECK_BITS;
    }
    bs->pos = layer3gr_limit;
}
static void drmp3_L3_midside_stereo(float *left, int n)
{
    int i = 0;
    float *right = left + 576;
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD
    if (drmp3_have_simd()) for (; i < n - 3; i += 4)
    {
        drmp3_f4 vl = DRMP3_VLD(left + i);
        drmp3_f4 vr = DRMP3_VLD(right + i);
        DRMP3_VSTORE(left + i, DRMP3_VADD(vl, vr));
        DRMP3_VSTORE(right + i, DRMP3_VSUB(vl, vr));
    }
#endif
    for (; i < n; i++)
    {
        float a = left[i];
        float b = right[i];
        left[i] = a + b;
        right[i] = a - b;
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_intensity_stereo_band(float *left, int n, float kl, float kr)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        left[i + 576] = left[i]*kr;
        left[i] = left[i]*kl;
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_stereo_top_band(const float *right, const drmp3_uint8 *sfb, int nbands, int max_band[3])
{
    int i, k;
    max_band[0] = max_band[1] = max_band[2] = -1;
    for (i = 0; i < nbands; i++)
    {
        for (k = 0; k < sfb[i]; k += 2)
        {
            if (right[k] != 0 || right[k + 1] != 0)
            {
                max_band[i % 3] = i;
                break;
            }
        }
        right += sfb[i];
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_stereo_process(float *left, const drmp3_uint8 *ist_pos, const drmp3_uint8 *sfb, const drmp3_uint8 *hdr, int max_band[3], int mpeg2_sh)
{
    static const float g_pan[7*2] = { 0,1,0.21132487f,0.78867513f,0.36602540f,0.63397460f,0.5f,0.5f,0.63397460f,0.36602540f,0.78867513f,0.21132487f,1,0 };
    unsigned i, max_pos = DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? 7 : 64;
    for (i = 0; sfb[i]; i++)
    {
        unsigned ipos = ist_pos[i];
        if ((int)i > max_band[i % 3] && ipos < max_pos)
        {
            float kl, kr, s = DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MS_STEREO(hdr) ? 1.41421356f : 1;
            if (DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr))
            {
                kl = g_pan[2*ipos];
                kr = g_pan[2*ipos + 1];
            } else
            {
                kl = 1;
                kr = drmp3_L3_ldexp_q2(1, (ipos + 1) >> 1 << mpeg2_sh);
                if (ipos & 1)
                {
                    kl = kr;
                    kr = 1;
                }
            }
            drmp3_L3_intensity_stereo_band(left, sfb[i], kl*s, kr*s);
        } else if (DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MS_STEREO(hdr))
        {
            drmp3_L3_midside_stereo(left, sfb[i]);
        }
        left += sfb[i];
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_intensity_stereo(float *left, drmp3_uint8 *ist_pos, const drmp3_L3_gr_info *gr, const drmp3_uint8 *hdr)
{
    int max_band[3], n_sfb = gr->n_long_sfb + gr->n_short_sfb;
    int i, max_blocks = gr->n_short_sfb ? 3 : 1;
    drmp3_L3_stereo_top_band(left + 576, gr->sfbtab, n_sfb, max_band);
    if (gr->n_long_sfb)
    {
        max_band[0] = max_band[1] = max_band[2] = DRMP3_MAX(DRMP3_MAX(max_band[0], max_band[1]), max_band[2]);
    }
    for (i = 0; i < max_blocks; i++)
    {
        int default_pos = DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? 3 : 0;
        int itop = n_sfb - max_blocks + i;
        int prev = itop - max_blocks;
        ist_pos[itop] = (drmp3_uint8)(max_band[i] >= prev ? default_pos : ist_pos[prev]);
    }
    drmp3_L3_stereo_process(left, ist_pos, gr->sfbtab, hdr, max_band, gr[1].scalefac_compress & 1);
}
static void drmp3_L3_reorder(float *grbuf, float *scratch, const drmp3_uint8 *sfb)
{
    int i, len;
    float *src = grbuf, *dst = scratch;
    for (;0 != (len = *sfb); sfb += 3, src += 2*len)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < len; i++, src++)
        {
            *dst++ = src[0*len];
            *dst++ = src[1*len];
            *dst++ = src[2*len];
        }
    }
    memcpy(grbuf, scratch, (dst - scratch)*sizeof(float));
}
static void drmp3_L3_antialias(float *grbuf, int nbands)
{
    static const float g_aa[2][8] = {
        {0.85749293f,0.88174200f,0.94962865f,0.98331459f,0.99551782f,0.99916056f,0.99989920f,0.99999316f},
        {0.51449576f,0.47173197f,0.31337745f,0.18191320f,0.09457419f,0.04096558f,0.01419856f,0.00369997f}
    };
    for (; nbands > 0; nbands--, grbuf += 18)
    {
        int i = 0;
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD
        if (drmp3_have_simd()) for (; i < 8; i += 4)
        {
            drmp3_f4 vu = DRMP3_VLD(grbuf + 18 + i);
            drmp3_f4 vd = DRMP3_VLD(grbuf + 14 - i);
            drmp3_f4 vc0 = DRMP3_VLD(g_aa[0] + i);
            drmp3_f4 vc1 = DRMP3_VLD(g_aa[1] + i);
            vd = DRMP3_VREV(vd);
            DRMP3_VSTORE(grbuf + 18 + i, DRMP3_VSUB(DRMP3_VMUL(vu, vc0), DRMP3_VMUL(vd, vc1)));
            vd = DRMP3_VADD(DRMP3_VMUL(vu, vc1), DRMP3_VMUL(vd, vc0));
            DRMP3_VSTORE(grbuf + 14 - i, DRMP3_VREV(vd));
        }
#endif
#ifndef DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD
        for(; i < 8; i++)
        {
            float u = grbuf[18 + i];
            float d = grbuf[17 - i];
            grbuf[18 + i] = u*g_aa[0][i] - d*g_aa[1][i];
            grbuf[17 - i] = u*g_aa[1][i] + d*g_aa[0][i];
        }
#endif
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_dct3_9(float *y)
{
    float s0, s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6, s7, s8, t0, t2, t4;
    s0 = y[0]; s2 = y[2]; s4 = y[4]; s6 = y[6]; s8 = y[8];
    t0 = s0 + s6*0.5f;
    s0 -= s6;
    t4 = (s4 + s2)*0.93969262f;
    t2 = (s8 + s2)*0.76604444f;
    s6 = (s4 - s8)*0.17364818f;
    s4 += s8 - s2;
    s2 = s0 - s4*0.5f;
    y[4] = s4 + s0;
    s8 = t0 - t2 + s6;
    s0 = t0 - t4 + t2;
    s4 = t0 + t4 - s6;
    s1 = y[1]; s3 = y[3]; s5 = y[5]; s7 = y[7];
    s3 *= 0.86602540f;
    t0 = (s5 + s1)*0.98480775f;
    t4 = (s5 - s7)*0.34202014f;
    t2 = (s1 + s7)*0.64278761f;
    s1 = (s1 - s5 - s7)*0.86602540f;
    s5 = t0 - s3 - t2;
    s7 = t4 - s3 - t0;
    s3 = t4 + s3 - t2;
    y[0] = s4 - s7;
    y[1] = s2 + s1;
    y[2] = s0 - s3;
    y[3] = s8 + s5;
    y[5] = s8 - s5;
    y[6] = s0 + s3;
    y[7] = s2 - s1;
    y[8] = s4 + s7;
}
static void drmp3_L3_imdct36(float *grbuf, float *overlap, const float *window, int nbands)
{
    int i, j;
    static const float g_twid9[18] = {
        0.73727734f,0.79335334f,0.84339145f,0.88701083f,0.92387953f,0.95371695f,0.97629601f,0.99144486f,0.99904822f,0.67559021f,0.60876143f,0.53729961f,0.46174861f,0.38268343f,0.30070580f,0.21643961f,0.13052619f,0.04361938f
    };
    for (j = 0; j < nbands; j++, grbuf += 18, overlap += 9)
    {
        float co[9], si[9];
        co[0] = -grbuf[0];
        si[0] = grbuf[17];
        for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
        {
            si[8 - 2*i] =   grbuf[4*i + 1] - grbuf[4*i + 2];
            co[1 + 2*i] =   grbuf[4*i + 1] + grbuf[4*i + 2];
            si[7 - 2*i] =   grbuf[4*i + 4] - grbuf[4*i + 3];
            co[2 + 2*i] = -(grbuf[4*i + 3] + grbuf[4*i + 4]);
        }
        drmp3_L3_dct3_9(co);
        drmp3_L3_dct3_9(si);
        si[1] = -si[1];
        si[3] = -si[3];
        si[5] = -si[5];
        si[7] = -si[7];
        i = 0;
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD
        if (drmp3_have_simd()) for (; i < 8; i += 4)
        {
            drmp3_f4 vovl = DRMP3_VLD(overlap + i);
            drmp3_f4 vc = DRMP3_VLD(co + i);
            drmp3_f4 vs = DRMP3_VLD(si + i);
            drmp3_f4 vr0 = DRMP3_VLD(g_twid9 + i);
            drmp3_f4 vr1 = DRMP3_VLD(g_twid9 + 9 + i);
            drmp3_f4 vw0 = DRMP3_VLD(window + i);
            drmp3_f4 vw1 = DRMP3_VLD(window + 9 + i);
            drmp3_f4 vsum = DRMP3_VADD(DRMP3_VMUL(vc, vr1), DRMP3_VMUL(vs, vr0));
            DRMP3_VSTORE(overlap + i, DRMP3_VSUB(DRMP3_VMUL(vc, vr0), DRMP3_VMUL(vs, vr1)));
            DRMP3_VSTORE(grbuf + i, DRMP3_VSUB(DRMP3_VMUL(vovl, vw0), DRMP3_VMUL(vsum, vw1)));
            vsum = DRMP3_VADD(DRMP3_VMUL(vovl, vw1), DRMP3_VMUL(vsum, vw0));
            DRMP3_VSTORE(grbuf + 14 - i, DRMP3_VREV(vsum));
        }
#endif
        for (; i < 9; i++)
        {
            float ovl  = overlap[i];
            float sum  = co[i]*g_twid9[9 + i] + si[i]*g_twid9[0 + i];
            overlap[i] = co[i]*g_twid9[0 + i] - si[i]*g_twid9[9 + i];
            grbuf[i]      = ovl*window[0 + i] - sum*window[9 + i];
            grbuf[17 - i] = ovl*window[9 + i] + sum*window[0 + i];
        }
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_idct3(float x0, float x1, float x2, float *dst)
{
    float m1 = x1*0.86602540f;
    float a1 = x0 - x2*0.5f;
    dst[1] = x0 + x2;
    dst[0] = a1 + m1;
    dst[2] = a1 - m1;
}
static void drmp3_L3_imdct12(float *x, float *dst, float *overlap)
{
    static const float g_twid3[6] = { 0.79335334f,0.92387953f,0.99144486f, 0.60876143f,0.38268343f,0.13052619f };
    float co[3], si[3];
    int i;
    drmp3_L3_idct3(-x[0], x[6] + x[3], x[12] + x[9], co);
    drmp3_L3_idct3(x[15], x[12] - x[9], x[6] - x[3], si);
    si[1] = -si[1];
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
    {
        float ovl  = overlap[i];
        float sum  = co[i]*g_twid3[3 + i] + si[i]*g_twid3[0 + i];
        overlap[i] = co[i]*g_twid3[0 + i] - si[i]*g_twid3[3 + i];
        dst[i]     = ovl*g_twid3[2 - i] - sum*g_twid3[5 - i];
        dst[5 - i] = ovl*g_twid3[5 - i] + sum*g_twid3[2 - i];
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_imdct_short(float *grbuf, float *overlap, int nbands)
{
    for (;nbands > 0; nbands--, overlap += 9, grbuf += 18)
    {
        float tmp[18];
        memcpy(tmp, grbuf, sizeof(tmp));
        memcpy(grbuf, overlap, 6*sizeof(float));
        drmp3_L3_imdct12(tmp, grbuf + 6, overlap + 6);
        drmp3_L3_imdct12(tmp + 1, grbuf + 12, overlap + 6);
        drmp3_L3_imdct12(tmp + 2, overlap, overlap + 6);
    }
}
static void drmp3_L3_change_sign(float *grbuf)
{
    int b, i;
    for (b = 0, grbuf += 18; b < 32; b += 2, grbuf += 36)
        for (i = 1; i < 18; i += 2)
            grbuf[i] = -grbuf[i];
}
static void drmp3_L3_imdct_gr(float *grbuf, float *overlap, unsigned block_type, unsigned n_long_bands)
{
    static const float g_mdct_window[2][18] = {
        { 0.99904822f,0.99144486f,0.97629601f,0.95371695f,0.92387953f,0.88701083f,0.84339145f,0.79335334f,0.73727734f,0.04361938f,0.13052619f,0.21643961f,0.30070580f,0.38268343f,0.46174861f,0.53729961f,0.60876143f,0.67559021f },
        { 1,1,1,1,1,1,0.99144486f,0.92387953f,0.79335334f,0,0,0,0,0,0,0.13052619f,0.38268343f,0.60876143f }
    };
    if (n_long_bands)
    {
        drmp3_L3_imdct36(grbuf, overlap, g_mdct_window[0], n_long_bands);
        grbuf += 18*n_long_bands;
        overlap += 9*n_long_bands;
    }
    if (block_type == DRMP3_SHORT_BLOCK_TYPE)
        drmp3_L3_imdct_short(grbuf, overlap, 32 - n_long_bands);
    else
        drmp3_L3_imdct36(grbuf, overlap, g_mdct_window[block_type == DRMP3_STOP_BLOCK_TYPE], 32 - n_long_bands);
}
static void drmp3_L3_save_reservoir(drmp3dec *h, drmp3dec_scratch *s)
{
    int pos = (s->bs.pos + 7)/8u;
    int remains = s->bs.limit/8u - pos;
    if (remains > DRMP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES)
    {
        pos += remains - DRMP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES;
        remains = DRMP3_MAX_BITRESERVOIR_BYTES;
    }
    if (remains > 0)
    {
        memmove(h->reserv_buf, s->maindata + pos, remains);
    }
    h->reserv = remains;
}
static int drmp3_L3_restore_reservoir(drmp3dec *h, drmp3_bs *bs, drmp3dec_scratch *s, int main_data_begin)
{
    int frame_bytes = (bs->limit - bs->pos)/8;
    int bytes_have = DRMP3_MIN(h->reserv, main_data_begin);
    memcpy(s->maindata, h->reserv_buf + DRMP3_MAX(0, h->reserv - main_data_begin), DRMP3_MIN(h->reserv, main_data_begin));
    memcpy(s->maindata + bytes_have, bs->buf + bs->pos/8, frame_bytes);
    drmp3_bs_init(&s->bs, s->maindata, bytes_have + frame_bytes);
    return h->reserv >= main_data_begin;
}
static void drmp3_L3_decode(drmp3dec *h, drmp3dec_scratch *s, drmp3_L3_gr_info *gr_info, int nch)
{
    int ch;
    for (ch = 0; ch < nch; ch++)
    {
        int layer3gr_limit = s->bs.pos + gr_info[ch].part_23_length;
        drmp3_L3_decode_scalefactors(h->header, s->ist_pos[ch], &s->bs, gr_info + ch, s->scf, ch);
        drmp3_L3_huffman(s->grbuf[ch], &s->bs, gr_info + ch, s->scf, layer3gr_limit);
    }
    if (DRMP3_HDR_TEST_I_STEREO(h->header))
    {
        drmp3_L3_intensity_stereo(s->grbuf[0], s->ist_pos[1], gr_info, h->header);
    } else if (DRMP3_HDR_IS_MS_STEREO(h->header))
    {
        drmp3_L3_midside_stereo(s->grbuf[0], 576);
    }
    for (ch = 0; ch < nch; ch++, gr_info++)
    {
        int aa_bands = 31;
        int n_long_bands = (gr_info->mixed_block_flag ? 2 : 0) << (int)(DRMP3_HDR_GET_MY_SAMPLE_RATE(h->header) == 2);
        if (gr_info->n_short_sfb)
        {
            aa_bands = n_long_bands - 1;
            drmp3_L3_reorder(s->grbuf[ch] + n_long_bands*18, s->syn[0], gr_info->sfbtab + gr_info->n_long_sfb);
        }
        drmp3_L3_antialias(s->grbuf[ch], aa_bands);
        drmp3_L3_imdct_gr(s->grbuf[ch], h->mdct_overlap[ch], gr_info->block_type, n_long_bands);
        drmp3_L3_change_sign(s->grbuf[ch]);
    }
}
static void drmp3d_DCT_II(float *grbuf, int n)
{
    static const float g_sec[24] = {
        10.19000816f,0.50060302f,0.50241929f,3.40760851f,0.50547093f,0.52249861f,2.05778098f,0.51544732f,0.56694406f,1.48416460f,0.53104258f,0.64682180f,1.16943991f,0.55310392f,0.78815460f,0.97256821f,0.58293498f,1.06067765f,0.83934963f,0.62250412f,1.72244716f,0.74453628f,0.67480832f,5.10114861f
    };
    int i, k = 0;
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD
    if (drmp3_have_simd()) for (; k < n; k += 4)
    {
        drmp3_f4 t[4][8], *x;
        float *y = grbuf + k;
        for (x = t[0], i = 0; i < 8; i++, x++)
        {
            drmp3_f4 x0 = DRMP3_VLD(&y[i*18]);
            drmp3_f4 x1 = DRMP3_VLD(&y[(15 - i)*18]);
            drmp3_f4 x2 = DRMP3_VLD(&y[(16 + i)*18]);
            drmp3_f4 x3 = DRMP3_VLD(&y[(31 - i)*18]);
            drmp3_f4 t0 = DRMP3_VADD(x0, x3);
            drmp3_f4 t1 = DRMP3_VADD(x1, x2);
            drmp3_f4 t2 = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(x1, x2), g_sec[3*i + 0]);
            drmp3_f4 t3 = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(x0, x3), g_sec[3*i + 1]);
            x[0] = DRMP3_VADD(t0, t1);
            x[8] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(t0, t1), g_sec[3*i + 2]);
            x[16] = DRMP3_VADD(t3, t2);
            x[24] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(t3, t2), g_sec[3*i + 2]);
        }
        for (x = t[0], i = 0; i < 4; i++, x += 8)
        {
            drmp3_f4 x0 = x[0], x1 = x[1], x2 = x[2], x3 = x[3], x4 = x[4], x5 = x[5], x6 = x[6], x7 = x[7], xt;
            xt = DRMP3_VSUB(x0, x7); x0 = DRMP3_VADD(x0, x7);
            x7 = DRMP3_VSUB(x1, x6); x1 = DRMP3_VADD(x1, x6);
            x6 = DRMP3_VSUB(x2, x5); x2 = DRMP3_VADD(x2, x5);
            x5 = DRMP3_VSUB(x3, x4); x3 = DRMP3_VADD(x3, x4);
            x4 = DRMP3_VSUB(x0, x3); x0 = DRMP3_VADD(x0, x3);
            x3 = DRMP3_VSUB(x1, x2); x1 = DRMP3_VADD(x1, x2);
            x[0] = DRMP3_VADD(x0, x1);
            x[4] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(x0, x1), 0.70710677f);
            x5 = DRMP3_VADD(x5, x6);
            x6 = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VADD(x6, x7), 0.70710677f);
            x7 = DRMP3_VADD(x7, xt);
            x3 = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VADD(x3, x4), 0.70710677f);
            x5 = DRMP3_VSUB(x5, DRMP3_VMUL_S(x7, 0.198912367f));
            x7 = DRMP3_VADD(x7, DRMP3_VMUL_S(x5, 0.382683432f));
            x5 = DRMP3_VSUB(x5, DRMP3_VMUL_S(x7, 0.198912367f));
            x0 = DRMP3_VSUB(xt, x6); xt = DRMP3_VADD(xt, x6);
            x[1] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VADD(xt, x7), 0.50979561f);
            x[2] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VADD(x4, x3), 0.54119611f);
            x[3] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(x0, x5), 0.60134488f);
            x[5] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VADD(x0, x5), 0.89997619f);
            x[6] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(x4, x3), 1.30656302f);
            x[7] = DRMP3_VMUL_S(DRMP3_VSUB(xt, x7), 2.56291556f);
        }
        if (k > n - 3)
        {
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SSE
#define DRMP3_VSAVE2(i, v) _mm_storel_pi((__m64 *)(void*)&y[i*18], v)
#else
#define DRMP3_VSAVE2(i, v) vst1_f32((float32_t *)&y[i*18],  vget_low_f32(v))
#endif
            for (i = 0; i < 7; i++, y += 4*18)
            {
                drmp3_f4 s = DRMP3_VADD(t[3][i], t[3][i + 1]);
                DRMP3_VSAVE2(0, t[0][i]);
                DRMP3_VSAVE2(1, DRMP3_VADD(t[2][i], s));
                DRMP3_VSAVE2(2, DRMP3_VADD(t[1][i], t[1][i + 1]));
                DRMP3_VSAVE2(3, DRMP3_VADD(t[2][1 + i], s));
            }
            DRMP3_VSAVE2(0, t[0][7]);
            DRMP3_VSAVE2(1, DRMP3_VADD(t[2][7], t[3][7]));
            DRMP3_VSAVE2(2, t[1][7]);
            DRMP3_VSAVE2(3, t[3][7]);
        } else
        {
#define DRMP3_VSAVE4(i, v) DRMP3_VSTORE(&y[i*18], v)
            for (i = 0; i < 7; i++, y += 4*18)
            {
                drmp3_f4 s = DRMP3_VADD(t[3][i], t[3][i + 1]);
                DRMP3_VSAVE4(0, t[0][i]);
                DRMP3_VSAVE4(1, DRMP3_VADD(t[2][i], s));
                DRMP3_VSAVE4(2, DRMP3_VADD(t[1][i], t[1][i + 1]));
                DRMP3_VSAVE4(3, DRMP3_VADD(t[2][1 + i], s));
            }
            DRMP3_VSAVE4(0, t[0][7]);
            DRMP3_VSAVE4(1, DRMP3_VADD(t[2][7], t[3][7]));
            DRMP3_VSAVE4(2, t[1][7]);
            DRMP3_VSAVE4(3, t[3][7]);
        }
    } else
#endif
#ifdef DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD
    {}
#else
    for (; k < n; k++)
    {
        float t[4][8], *x, *y = grbuf + k;
        for (x = t[0], i = 0; i < 8; i++, x++)
        {
            float x0 = y[i*18];
            float x1 = y[(15 - i)*18];
            float x2 = y[(16 + i)*18];
            float x3 = y[(31 - i)*18];
            float t0 = x0 + x3;
            float t1 = x1 + x2;
            float t2 = (x1 - x2)*g_sec[3*i + 0];
            float t3 = (x0 - x3)*g_sec[3*i + 1];
            x[0] = t0 + t1;
            x[8] = (t0 - t1)*g_sec[3*i + 2];
            x[16] = t3 + t2;
            x[24] = (t3 - t2)*g_sec[3*i + 2];
        }
        for (x = t[0], i = 0; i < 4; i++, x += 8)
        {
            float x0 = x[0], x1 = x[1], x2 = x[2], x3 = x[3], x4 = x[4], x5 = x[5], x6 = x[6], x7 = x[7], xt;
            xt = x0 - x7; x0 += x7;
            x7 = x1 - x6; x1 += x6;
            x6 = x2 - x5; x2 += x5;
            x5 = x3 - x4; x3 += x4;
            x4 = x0 - x3; x0 += x3;
            x3 = x1 - x2; x1 += x2;
            x[0] = x0 + x1;
            x[4] = (x0 - x1)*0.70710677f;
            x5 =  x5 + x6;
            x6 = (x6 + x7)*0.70710677f;
            x7 =  x7 + xt;
            x3 = (x3 + x4)*0.70710677f;
            x5 -= x7*0.198912367f;
            x7 += x5*0.382683432f;
            x5 -= x7*0.198912367f;
            x0 = xt - x6; xt += x6;
            x[1] = (xt + x7)*0.50979561f;
            x[2] = (x4 + x3)*0.54119611f;
            x[3] = (x0 - x5)*0.60134488f;
            x[5] = (x0 + x5)*0.89997619f;
            x[6] = (x4 - x3)*1.30656302f;
            x[7] = (xt - x7)*2.56291556f;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < 7; i++, y += 4*18)
        {
            y[0*18] = t[0][i];
            y[1*18] = t[2][i] + t[3][i] + t[3][i + 1];
            y[2*18] = t[1][i] + t[1][i + 1];
            y[3*18] = t[2][i + 1] + t[3][i] + t[3][i + 1];
        }
        y[0*18] = t[0][7];
        y[1*18] = t[2][7] + t[3][7];
        y[2*18] = t[1][7];
        y[3*18] = t[3][7];
    }
#endif
}
#ifndef DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT
typedef drmp3_int16 drmp3d_sample_t;
static drmp3_int16 drmp3d_scale_pcm(float sample)
{
    drmp3_int16 s;
#if DRMP3_HAVE_ARMV6
    drmp3_int32 s32 = (drmp3_int32)(sample + .5f);
    s32 -= (s32 < 0);
    s = (drmp3_int16)drmp3_clip_int16_arm(s32);
#else
    if (sample >=  32766.5) return (drmp3_int16) 32767;
    if (sample <= -32767.5) return (drmp3_int16)-32768;
    s = (drmp3_int16)(sample + .5f);
    s -= (s < 0);
#endif
    return s;
}
#else
typedef float drmp3d_sample_t;
static float drmp3d_scale_pcm(float sample)
{
    return sample*(1.f/32768.f);
}
#endif
static void drmp3d_synth_pair(drmp3d_sample_t *pcm, int nch, const float *z)
{
    float a;
    a  = (z[14*64] - z[    0]) * 29;
    a += (z[ 1*64] + z[13*64]) * 213;
    a += (z[12*64] - z[ 2*64]) * 459;
    a += (z[ 3*64] + z[11*64]) * 2037;
    a += (z[10*64] - z[ 4*64]) * 5153;
    a += (z[ 5*64] + z[ 9*64]) * 6574;
    a += (z[ 8*64] - z[ 6*64]) * 37489;
    a +=  z[ 7*64]             * 75038;
    pcm[0] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(a);
    z += 2;
    a  = z[14*64] * 104;
    a += z[12*64] * 1567;
    a += z[10*64] * 9727;
    a += z[ 8*64] * 64019;
    a += z[ 6*64] * -9975;
    a += z[ 4*64] * -45;
    a += z[ 2*64] * 146;
    a += z[ 0*64] * -5;
    pcm[16*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(a);
}
static void drmp3d_synth(float *xl, drmp3d_sample_t *dstl, int nch, float *lins)
{
    int i;
    float *xr = xl + 576*(nch - 1);
    drmp3d_sample_t *dstr = dstl + (nch - 1);
    static const float g_win[] = {
        -1,26,-31,208,218,401,-519,2063,2000,4788,-5517,7134,5959,35640,-39336,74992,
        -1,24,-35,202,222,347,-581,2080,1952,4425,-5879,7640,5288,33791,-41176,74856,
        -1,21,-38,196,225,294,-645,2087,1893,4063,-6237,8092,4561,31947,-43006,74630,
        -1,19,-41,190,227,244,-711,2085,1822,3705,-6589,8492,3776,30112,-44821,74313,
        -1,17,-45,183,228,197,-779,2075,1739,3351,-6935,8840,2935,28289,-46617,73908,
        -1,16,-49,176,228,153,-848,2057,1644,3004,-7271,9139,2037,26482,-48390,73415,
        -2,14,-53,169,227,111,-919,2032,1535,2663,-7597,9389,1082,24694,-50137,72835,
        -2,13,-58,161,224,72,-991,2001,1414,2330,-7910,9592,70,22929,-51853,72169,
        -2,11,-63,154,221,36,-1064,1962,1280,2006,-8209,9750,-998,21189,-53534,71420,
        -2,10,-68,147,215,2,-1137,1919,1131,1692,-8491,9863,-2122,19478,-55178,70590,
        -3,9,-73,139,208,-29,-1210,1870,970,1388,-8755,9935,-3300,17799,-56778,69679,
        -3,8,-79,132,200,-57,-1283,1817,794,1095,-8998,9966,-4533,16155,-58333,68692,
        -4,7,-85,125,189,-83,-1356,1759,605,814,-9219,9959,-5818,14548,-59838,67629,
        -4,7,-91,117,177,-106,-1428,1698,402,545,-9416,9916,-7154,12980,-61289,66494,
        -5,6,-97,111,163,-127,-1498,1634,185,288,-9585,9838,-8540,11455,-62684,65290
    };
    float *zlin = lins + 15*64;
    const float *w = g_win;
    zlin[4*15]     = xl[18*16];
    zlin[4*15 + 1] = xr[18*16];
    zlin[4*15 + 2] = xl[0];
    zlin[4*15 + 3] = xr[0];
    zlin[4*31]     = xl[1 + 18*16];
    zlin[4*31 + 1] = xr[1 + 18*16];
    zlin[4*31 + 2] = xl[1];
    zlin[4*31 + 3] = xr[1];
    drmp3d_synth_pair(dstr, nch, lins + 4*15 + 1);
    drmp3d_synth_pair(dstr + 32*nch, nch, lins + 4*15 + 64 + 1);
    drmp3d_synth_pair(dstl, nch, lins + 4*15);
    drmp3d_synth_pair(dstl + 32*nch, nch, lins + 4*15 + 64);
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD
    if (drmp3_have_simd()) for (i = 14; i >= 0; i--)
    {
#define DRMP3_VLOAD(k) drmp3_f4 w0 = DRMP3_VSET(*w++); drmp3_f4 w1 = DRMP3_VSET(*w++); drmp3_f4 vz = DRMP3_VLD(&zlin[4*i - 64*k]); drmp3_f4 vy = DRMP3_VLD(&zlin[4*i - 64*(15 - k)]);
#define DRMP3_V0(k) { DRMP3_VLOAD(k) b =               DRMP3_VADD(DRMP3_VMUL(vz, w1), DRMP3_VMUL(vy, w0)) ; a =               DRMP3_VSUB(DRMP3_VMUL(vz, w0), DRMP3_VMUL(vy, w1));  }
#define DRMP3_V1(k) { DRMP3_VLOAD(k) b = DRMP3_VADD(b, DRMP3_VADD(DRMP3_VMUL(vz, w1), DRMP3_VMUL(vy, w0))); a = DRMP3_VADD(a, DRMP3_VSUB(DRMP3_VMUL(vz, w0), DRMP3_VMUL(vy, w1))); }
#define DRMP3_V2(k) { DRMP3_VLOAD(k) b = DRMP3_VADD(b, DRMP3_VADD(DRMP3_VMUL(vz, w1), DRMP3_VMUL(vy, w0))); a = DRMP3_VADD(a, DRMP3_VSUB(DRMP3_VMUL(vy, w1), DRMP3_VMUL(vz, w0))); }
        drmp3_f4 a, b;
        zlin[4*i]     = xl[18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 1] = xr[18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 2] = xl[1 + 18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 3] = xr[1 + 18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 64] = xl[1 + 18*(1 + i)];
        zlin[4*i + 64 + 1] = xr[1 + 18*(1 + i)];
        zlin[4*i - 64 + 2] = xl[18*(1 + i)];
        zlin[4*i - 64 + 3] = xr[18*(1 + i)];
        DRMP3_V0(0) DRMP3_V2(1) DRMP3_V1(2) DRMP3_V2(3) DRMP3_V1(4) DRMP3_V2(5) DRMP3_V1(6) DRMP3_V2(7)
        {
#ifndef DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SSE
            static const drmp3_f4 g_max = { 32767.0f, 32767.0f, 32767.0f, 32767.0f };
            static const drmp3_f4 g_min = { -32768.0f, -32768.0f, -32768.0f, -32768.0f };
            __m128i pcm8 = _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_cvtps_epi32(_mm_max_ps(_mm_min_ps(a, g_max), g_min)),
                                           _mm_cvtps_epi32(_mm_max_ps(_mm_min_ps(b, g_max), g_min)));
            dstr[(15 - i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 1);
            dstr[(17 + i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 5);
            dstl[(15 - i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 0);
            dstl[(17 + i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 4);
            dstr[(47 - i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 3);
            dstr[(49 + i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 7);
            dstl[(47 - i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 2);
            dstl[(49 + i)*nch] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 6);
#else
            int16x4_t pcma, pcmb;
            a = DRMP3_VADD(a, DRMP3_VSET(0.5f));
            b = DRMP3_VADD(b, DRMP3_VSET(0.5f));
            pcma = vqmovn_s32(vqaddq_s32(vcvtq_s32_f32(a), vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vcltq_f32(a, DRMP3_VSET(0)))));
            pcmb = vqmovn_s32(vqaddq_s32(vcvtq_s32_f32(b), vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vcltq_f32(b, DRMP3_VSET(0)))));
            vst1_lane_s16(dstr + (15 - i)*nch, pcma, 1);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstr + (17 + i)*nch, pcmb, 1);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstl + (15 - i)*nch, pcma, 0);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstl + (17 + i)*nch, pcmb, 0);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstr + (47 - i)*nch, pcma, 3);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstr + (49 + i)*nch, pcmb, 3);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstl + (47 - i)*nch, pcma, 2);
            vst1_lane_s16(dstl + (49 + i)*nch, pcmb, 2);
#endif
#else
            static const drmp3_f4 g_scale = { 1.0f/32768.0f, 1.0f/32768.0f, 1.0f/32768.0f, 1.0f/32768.0f };
            a = DRMP3_VMUL(a, g_scale);
            b = DRMP3_VMUL(b, g_scale);
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SSE
            _mm_store_ss(dstr + (15 - i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(a, a, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 1, 1)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstr + (17 + i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(b, b, _MM_SHUFFLE(1, 1, 1, 1)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstl + (15 - i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(a, a, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 0)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstl + (17 + i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(b, b, _MM_SHUFFLE(0, 0, 0, 0)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstr + (47 - i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(a, a, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 3, 3)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstr + (49 + i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(b, b, _MM_SHUFFLE(3, 3, 3, 3)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstl + (47 - i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(a, a, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 2, 2, 2)));
            _mm_store_ss(dstl + (49 + i)*nch, _mm_shuffle_ps(b, b, _MM_SHUFFLE(2, 2, 2, 2)));
#else
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstr + (15 - i)*nch, a, 1);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstr + (17 + i)*nch, b, 1);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstl + (15 - i)*nch, a, 0);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstl + (17 + i)*nch, b, 0);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstr + (47 - i)*nch, a, 3);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstr + (49 + i)*nch, b, 3);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstl + (47 - i)*nch, a, 2);
            vst1q_lane_f32(dstl + (49 + i)*nch, b, 2);
#endif
#endif
        }
    } else
#endif
#ifdef DR_MP3_ONLY_SIMD
    {}
#else
    for (i = 14; i >= 0; i--)
    {
#define DRMP3_LOAD(k) float w0 = *w++; float w1 = *w++; float *vz = &zlin[4*i - k*64]; float *vy = &zlin[4*i - (15 - k)*64];
#define DRMP3_S0(k) { int j; DRMP3_LOAD(k); for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) b[j]  = vz[j]*w1 + vy[j]*w0, a[j]  = vz[j]*w0 - vy[j]*w1; }
#define DRMP3_S1(k) { int j; DRMP3_LOAD(k); for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) b[j] += vz[j]*w1 + vy[j]*w0, a[j] += vz[j]*w0 - vy[j]*w1; }
#define DRMP3_S2(k) { int j; DRMP3_LOAD(k); for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) b[j] += vz[j]*w1 + vy[j]*w0, a[j] += vy[j]*w1 - vz[j]*w0; }
        float a[4], b[4];
        zlin[4*i]     = xl[18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 1] = xr[18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 2] = xl[1 + 18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*i + 3] = xr[1 + 18*(31 - i)];
        zlin[4*(i + 16)]   = xl[1 + 18*(1 + i)];
        zlin[4*(i + 16) + 1] = xr[1 + 18*(1 + i)];
        zlin[4*(i - 16) + 2] = xl[18*(1 + i)];
        zlin[4*(i - 16) + 3] = xr[18*(1 + i)];
        DRMP3_S0(0) DRMP3_S2(1) DRMP3_S1(2) DRMP3_S2(3) DRMP3_S1(4) DRMP3_S2(5) DRMP3_S1(6) DRMP3_S2(7)
        dstr[(15 - i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(a[1]);
        dstr[(17 + i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(b[1]);
        dstl[(15 - i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(a[0]);
        dstl[(17 + i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(b[0]);
        dstr[(47 - i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(a[3]);
        dstr[(49 + i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(b[3]);
        dstl[(47 - i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(a[2]);
        dstl[(49 + i)*nch] = drmp3d_scale_pcm(b[2]);
    }
#endif
}
static void drmp3d_synth_granule(float *qmf_state, float *grbuf, int nbands, int nch, drmp3d_sample_t *pcm, float *lins)
{
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < nch; i++)
    {
        drmp3d_DCT_II(grbuf + 576*i, nbands);
    }
    memcpy(lins, qmf_state, sizeof(float)*15*64);
    for (i = 0; i < nbands; i += 2)
    {
        drmp3d_synth(grbuf + i, pcm + 32*nch*i, nch, lins + i*64);
    }
#ifndef DR_MP3_NONSTANDARD_BUT_LOGICAL
    if (nch == 1)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < 15*64; i += 2)
        {
            qmf_state[i] = lins[nbands*64 + i];
        }
    } else
#endif
    {
        memcpy(qmf_state, lins + nbands*64, sizeof(float)*15*64);
    }
}
static int drmp3d_match_frame(const drmp3_uint8 *hdr, int mp3_bytes, int frame_bytes)
{
    int i, nmatch;
    for (i = 0, nmatch = 0; nmatch < DRMP3_MAX_FRAME_SYNC_MATCHES; nmatch++)
    {
        i += drmp3_hdr_frame_bytes(hdr + i, frame_bytes) + drmp3_hdr_padding(hdr + i);
        if (i + DRMP3_HDR_SIZE > mp3_bytes)
            return nmatch > 0;
        if (!drmp3_hdr_compare(hdr, hdr + i))
            return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}
static int drmp3d_find_frame(const drmp3_uint8 *mp3, int mp3_bytes, int *free_format_bytes, int *ptr_frame_bytes)
{
    int i, k;
    for (i = 0; i < mp3_bytes - DRMP3_HDR_SIZE; i++, mp3++)
    {
        if (drmp3_hdr_valid(mp3))
        {
            int frame_bytes = drmp3_hdr_frame_bytes(mp3, *free_format_bytes);
            int frame_and_padding = frame_bytes + drmp3_hdr_padding(mp3);
            for (k = DRMP3_HDR_SIZE; !frame_bytes && k < DRMP3_MAX_FREE_FORMAT_FRAME_SIZE && i + 2*k < mp3_bytes - DRMP3_HDR_SIZE; k++)
            {
                if (drmp3_hdr_compare(mp3, mp3 + k))
                {
                    int fb = k - drmp3_hdr_padding(mp3);
                    int nextfb = fb + drmp3_hdr_padding(mp3 + k);
                    if (i + k + nextfb + DRMP3_HDR_SIZE > mp3_bytes || !drmp3_hdr_compare(mp3, mp3 + k + nextfb))
                        continue;
                    frame_and_padding = k;
                    frame_bytes = fb;
                    *free_format_bytes = fb;
                }
            }
            if ((frame_bytes && i + frame_and_padding <= mp3_bytes &&
                drmp3d_match_frame(mp3, mp3_bytes - i, frame_bytes)) ||
                (!i && frame_and_padding == mp3_bytes))
            {
                *ptr_frame_bytes = frame_and_padding;
                return i;
            }
            *free_format_bytes = 0;
        }
    }
    *ptr_frame_bytes = 0;
    return mp3_bytes;
}
DRMP3_API void drmp3dec_init(drmp3dec *dec)
{
    dec->header[0] = 0;
}
DRMP3_API int drmp3dec_decode_frame(drmp3dec *dec, const drmp3_uint8 *mp3, int mp3_bytes, void *pcm, drmp3dec_frame_info *info)
{
    int i = 0, igr, frame_size = 0, success = 1;
    const drmp3_uint8 *hdr;
    drmp3_bs bs_frame[1];
    drmp3dec_scratch scratch;
    if (mp3_bytes > 4 && dec->header[0] == 0xff && drmp3_hdr_compare(dec->header, mp3))
    {
        frame_size = drmp3_hdr_frame_bytes(mp3, dec->free_format_bytes) + drmp3_hdr_padding(mp3);
        if (frame_size != mp3_bytes && (frame_size + DRMP3_HDR_SIZE > mp3_bytes || !drmp3_hdr_compare(mp3, mp3 + frame_size)))
        {
            frame_size = 0;
        }
    }
    if (!frame_size)
    {
        memset(dec, 0, sizeof(drmp3dec));
        i = drmp3d_find_frame(mp3, mp3_bytes, &dec->free_format_bytes, &frame_size);
        if (!frame_size || i + frame_size > mp3_bytes)
        {
            info->frame_bytes = i;
            return 0;
        }
    }
    hdr = mp3 + i;
    memcpy(dec->header, hdr, DRMP3_HDR_SIZE);
    info->frame_bytes = i + frame_size;
    info->channels = DRMP3_HDR_IS_MONO(hdr) ? 1 : 2;
    info->hz = drmp3_hdr_sample_rate_hz(hdr);
    info->layer = 4 - DRMP3_HDR_GET_LAYER(hdr);
    info->bitrate_kbps = drmp3_hdr_bitrate_kbps(hdr);
    drmp3_bs_init(bs_frame, hdr + DRMP3_HDR_SIZE, frame_size - DRMP3_HDR_SIZE);
    if (DRMP3_HDR_IS_CRC(hdr))
    {
        drmp3_bs_get_bits(bs_frame, 16);
    }
    if (info->layer == 3)
    {
        int main_data_begin = drmp3_L3_read_side_info(bs_frame, scratch.gr_info, hdr);
        if (main_data_begin < 0 || bs_frame->pos > bs_frame->limit)
        {
            drmp3dec_init(dec);
            return 0;
        }
        success = drmp3_L3_restore_reservoir(dec, bs_frame, &scratch, main_data_begin);
        if (success && pcm != NULL)
        {
            for (igr = 0; igr < (DRMP3_HDR_TEST_MPEG1(hdr) ? 2 : 1); igr++, pcm = DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(pcm, sizeof(drmp3d_sample_t)*576*info->channels))
            {
                memset(scratch.grbuf[0], 0, 576*2*sizeof(float));
                drmp3_L3_decode(dec, &scratch, scratch.gr_info + igr*info->channels, info->channels);
                drmp3d_synth_granule(dec->qmf_state, scratch.grbuf[0], 18, info->channels, (drmp3d_sample_t*)pcm, scratch.syn[0]);
            }
        }
        drmp3_L3_save_reservoir(dec, &scratch);
    } else
    {
#ifdef DR_MP3_ONLY_MP3
        return 0;
#else
        drmp3_L12_scale_info sci[1];
        if (pcm == NULL) {
            return drmp3_hdr_frame_samples(hdr);
        }
        drmp3_L12_read_scale_info(hdr, bs_frame, sci);
        memset(scratch.grbuf[0], 0, 576*2*sizeof(float));
        for (i = 0, igr = 0; igr < 3; igr++)
        {
            if (12 == (i += drmp3_L12_dequantize_granule(scratch.grbuf[0] + i, bs_frame, sci, info->layer | 1)))
            {
                i = 0;
                drmp3_L12_apply_scf_384(sci, sci->scf + igr, scratch.grbuf[0]);
                drmp3d_synth_granule(dec->qmf_state, scratch.grbuf[0], 12, info->channels, (drmp3d_sample_t*)pcm, scratch.syn[0]);
                memset(scratch.grbuf[0], 0, 576*2*sizeof(float));
                pcm = DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(pcm, sizeof(drmp3d_sample_t)*384*info->channels);
            }
            if (bs_frame->pos > bs_frame->limit)
            {
                drmp3dec_init(dec);
                return 0;
            }
        }
#endif
    }
    return success*drmp3_hdr_frame_samples(dec->header);
}
DRMP3_API void drmp3dec_f32_to_s16(const float *in, drmp3_int16 *out, size_t num_samples)
{
    size_t i = 0;
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SIMD
    size_t aligned_count = num_samples & ~7;
    for(; i < aligned_count; i+=8)
    {
        drmp3_f4 scale = DRMP3_VSET(32768.0f);
        drmp3_f4 a = DRMP3_VMUL(DRMP3_VLD(&in[i  ]), scale);
        drmp3_f4 b = DRMP3_VMUL(DRMP3_VLD(&in[i+4]), scale);
#if DRMP3_HAVE_SSE
        drmp3_f4 s16max = DRMP3_VSET( 32767.0f);
        drmp3_f4 s16min = DRMP3_VSET(-32768.0f);
        __m128i pcm8 = _mm_packs_epi32(_mm_cvtps_epi32(_mm_max_ps(_mm_min_ps(a, s16max), s16min)),
                                        _mm_cvtps_epi32(_mm_max_ps(_mm_min_ps(b, s16max), s16min)));
        out[i  ] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 0);
        out[i+1] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 1);
        out[i+2] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 2);
        out[i+3] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 3);
        out[i+4] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 4);
        out[i+5] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 5);
        out[i+6] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 6);
        out[i+7] = (drmp3_int16)_mm_extract_epi16(pcm8, 7);
#else
        int16x4_t pcma, pcmb;
        a = DRMP3_VADD(a, DRMP3_VSET(0.5f));
        b = DRMP3_VADD(b, DRMP3_VSET(0.5f));
        pcma = vqmovn_s32(vqaddq_s32(vcvtq_s32_f32(a), vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vcltq_f32(a, DRMP3_VSET(0)))));
        pcmb = vqmovn_s32(vqaddq_s32(vcvtq_s32_f32(b), vreinterpretq_s32_u32(vcltq_f32(b, DRMP3_VSET(0)))));
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i  , pcma, 0);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+1, pcma, 1);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+2, pcma, 2);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+3, pcma, 3);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+4, pcmb, 0);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+5, pcmb, 1);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+6, pcmb, 2);
        vst1_lane_s16(out+i+7, pcmb, 3);
#endif
    }
#endif
    for(; i < num_samples; i++)
    {
        float sample = in[i] * 32768.0f;
        if (sample >=  32766.5)
            out[i] = (drmp3_int16) 32767;
        else if (sample <= -32767.5)
            out[i] = (drmp3_int16)-32768;
        else
        {
            short s = (drmp3_int16)(sample + .5f);
            s -= (s < 0);
            out[i] = s;
        }
    }
}
#include <math.h>
#if defined(SIZE_MAX)
    #define DRMP3_SIZE_MAX  SIZE_MAX
#else
    #if defined(_WIN64) || defined(_LP64) || defined(__LP64__)
        #define DRMP3_SIZE_MAX  ((drmp3_uint64)0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
    #else
        #define DRMP3_SIZE_MAX  0xFFFFFFFF
    #endif
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES
#define DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES   2
#endif
#define DRMP3_MIN_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE   16384
#ifndef DRMP3_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE
#define DRMP3_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE  DRMP3_MIN_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE*4
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_ASSERT
#include <assert.h>
#define DRMP3_ASSERT(expression) assert(expression)
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY
#define DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(dst, src, sz) memcpy((dst), (src), (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_ZERO_MEMORY
#define DRMP3_ZERO_MEMORY(p, sz) memset((p), 0, (sz))
#endif
#define DRMP3_ZERO_OBJECT(p) DRMP3_ZERO_MEMORY((p), sizeof(*(p)))
#ifndef DRMP3_MALLOC
#define DRMP3_MALLOC(sz) malloc((sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_REALLOC
#define DRMP3_REALLOC(p, sz) realloc((p), (sz))
#endif
#ifndef DRMP3_FREE
#define DRMP3_FREE(p) free((p))
#endif
#define DRMP3_COUNTOF(x)        (sizeof(x) / sizeof(x[0]))
#define DRMP3_CLAMP(x, lo, hi)  (DRMP3_MAX(lo, DRMP3_MIN(x, hi)))
#ifndef DRMP3_PI_D
#define DRMP3_PI_D    3.14159265358979323846264
#endif
#define DRMP3_DEFAULT_RESAMPLER_LPF_ORDER   2
static DRMP3_INLINE float drmp3_mix_f32(float x, float y, float a)
{
    return x*(1-a) + y*a;
}
static DRMP3_INLINE float drmp3_mix_f32_fast(float x, float y, float a)
{
    float r0 = (y - x);
    float r1 = r0*a;
    return x + r1;
}
static DRMP3_INLINE drmp3_uint32 drmp3_gcf_u32(drmp3_uint32 a, drmp3_uint32 b)
{
    for (;;) {
        if (b == 0) {
            break;
        } else {
            drmp3_uint32 t = a;
            a = b;
            b = t % a;
        }
    }
    return a;
}
static DRMP3_INLINE double drmp3_sin(double x)
{
    return sin(x);
}
static DRMP3_INLINE double drmp3_exp(double x)
{
    return exp(x);
}
static DRMP3_INLINE double drmp3_cos(double x)
{
    return drmp3_sin((DRMP3_PI_D*0.5) - x);
}
static void* drmp3__malloc_default(size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return DRMP3_MALLOC(sz);
}
static void* drmp3__realloc_default(void* p, size_t sz, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    return DRMP3_REALLOC(p, sz);
}
static void drmp3__free_default(void* p, void* pUserData)
{
    (void)pUserData;
    DRMP3_FREE(p);
}
static void* drmp3__malloc_from_callbacks(size_t sz, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(NULL, sz, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    return NULL;
}
static void* drmp3__realloc_from_callbacks(void* p, size_t szNew, size_t szOld, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return NULL;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc != NULL) {
        return pAllocationCallbacks->onRealloc(p, szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc != NULL && pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        void* p2;
        p2 = pAllocationCallbacks->onMalloc(szNew, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        if (p2 == NULL) {
            return NULL;
        }
        if (p != NULL) {
            DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(p2, p, szOld);
            pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
        }
        return p2;
    }
    return NULL;
}
static void drmp3__free_from_callbacks(void* p, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (p == NULL || pAllocationCallbacks == NULL) {
        return;
    }
    if (pAllocationCallbacks->onFree != NULL) {
        pAllocationCallbacks->onFree(p, pAllocationCallbacks->pUserData);
    }
}
static drmp3_allocation_callbacks drmp3_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        return *pAllocationCallbacks;
    } else {
        drmp3_allocation_callbacks allocationCallbacks;
        allocationCallbacks.pUserData = NULL;
        allocationCallbacks.onMalloc  = drmp3__malloc_default;
        allocationCallbacks.onRealloc = drmp3__realloc_default;
        allocationCallbacks.onFree    = drmp3__free_default;
        return allocationCallbacks;
    }
}
static size_t drmp3__on_read(drmp3* pMP3, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    size_t bytesRead = pMP3->onRead(pMP3->pUserData, pBufferOut, bytesToRead);
    pMP3->streamCursor += bytesRead;
    return bytesRead;
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3__on_seek(drmp3* pMP3, int offset, drmp3_seek_origin origin)
{
    DRMP3_ASSERT(offset >= 0);
    if (!pMP3->onSeek(pMP3->pUserData, offset, origin)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (origin == drmp3_seek_origin_start) {
        pMP3->streamCursor = (drmp3_uint64)offset;
    } else {
        pMP3->streamCursor += offset;
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3__on_seek_64(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 offset, drmp3_seek_origin origin)
{
    if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
        return drmp3__on_seek(pMP3, (int)offset, origin);
    }
    if (!drmp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0x7FFFFFFF, drmp3_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
    while (offset > 0) {
        if (offset <= 0x7FFFFFFF) {
            if (!drmp3__on_seek(pMP3, (int)offset, drmp3_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRMP3_FALSE;
            }
            offset = 0;
        } else {
            if (!drmp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0x7FFFFFFF, drmp3_seek_origin_current)) {
                return DRMP3_FALSE;
            }
            offset -= 0x7FFFFFFF;
        }
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
static drmp3_uint32 drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames)
{
    drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesRead = 0;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onRead != NULL);
    if (pMP3->atEnd) {
        return 0;
    }
    for (;;) {
        drmp3dec_frame_info info;
        if (pMP3->dataSize < DRMP3_MIN_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE) {
            size_t bytesRead;
            memmove(pMP3->pData, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataConsumed, pMP3->dataSize);
            pMP3->dataConsumed = 0;
            if (pMP3->dataCapacity < DRMP3_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE) {
                drmp3_uint8* pNewData;
                size_t newDataCap;
                newDataCap = DRMP3_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE;
                pNewData = (drmp3_uint8*)drmp3__realloc_from_callbacks(pMP3->pData, newDataCap, pMP3->dataCapacity, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
                if (pNewData == NULL) {
                    return 0;
                }
                pMP3->pData = pNewData;
                pMP3->dataCapacity = newDataCap;
            }
            bytesRead = drmp3__on_read(pMP3, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataSize, (pMP3->dataCapacity - pMP3->dataSize));
            if (bytesRead == 0) {
                if (pMP3->dataSize == 0) {
                    pMP3->atEnd = DRMP3_TRUE;
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            pMP3->dataSize += bytesRead;
        }
        if (pMP3->dataSize > INT_MAX) {
            pMP3->atEnd = DRMP3_TRUE;
            return 0;
        }
        pcmFramesRead = drmp3dec_decode_frame(&pMP3->decoder, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataConsumed, (int)pMP3->dataSize, pPCMFrames, &info);
        if (info.frame_bytes > 0) {
            pMP3->dataConsumed += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
            pMP3->dataSize     -= (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
        }
        if (pcmFramesRead > 0) {
            pcmFramesRead = drmp3_hdr_frame_samples(pMP3->decoder.header);
            pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame = 0;
            pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = pcmFramesRead;
            pMP3->mp3FrameChannels = info.channels;
            pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate = info.hz;
            break;
        } else if (info.frame_bytes == 0) {
            size_t bytesRead;
            memmove(pMP3->pData, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataConsumed, pMP3->dataSize);
            pMP3->dataConsumed = 0;
            if (pMP3->dataCapacity == pMP3->dataSize) {
                drmp3_uint8* pNewData;
                size_t newDataCap;
                newDataCap = pMP3->dataCapacity + DRMP3_DATA_CHUNK_SIZE;
                pNewData = (drmp3_uint8*)drmp3__realloc_from_callbacks(pMP3->pData, newDataCap, pMP3->dataCapacity, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
                if (pNewData == NULL) {
                    return 0;
                }
                pMP3->pData = pNewData;
                pMP3->dataCapacity = newDataCap;
            }
            bytesRead = drmp3__on_read(pMP3, pMP3->pData + pMP3->dataSize, (pMP3->dataCapacity - pMP3->dataSize));
            if (bytesRead == 0) {
                pMP3->atEnd = DRMP3_TRUE;
                return 0;
            }
            pMP3->dataSize += bytesRead;
        }
    };
    return pcmFramesRead;
}
static drmp3_uint32 drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames)
{
    drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesRead = 0;
    drmp3dec_frame_info info;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->memory.pData != NULL);
    if (pMP3->atEnd) {
        return 0;
    }
    pcmFramesRead = drmp3dec_decode_frame(&pMP3->decoder, pMP3->memory.pData + pMP3->memory.currentReadPos, (int)(pMP3->memory.dataSize - pMP3->memory.currentReadPos), pPCMFrames, &info);
    if (pcmFramesRead > 0) {
        pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame  = 0;
        pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = pcmFramesRead;
        pMP3->mp3FrameChannels             = info.channels;
        pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate           = info.hz;
    }
    pMP3->memory.currentReadPos += (size_t)info.frame_bytes;
    return pcmFramesRead;
}
static drmp3_uint32 drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames)
{
    if (pMP3->memory.pData != NULL && pMP3->memory.dataSize > 0) {
        return drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex__memory(pMP3, pPCMFrames);
    } else {
        return drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex__callbacks(pMP3, pPCMFrames);
    }
}
static drmp3_uint32 drmp3_decode_next_frame(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    return drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, (drmp3d_sample_t*)pMP3->pcmFrames);
}
#if 0
static drmp3_uint32 drmp3_seek_next_frame(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    drmp3_uint32 pcmFrameCount;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    pcmFrameCount = drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
    if (pcmFrameCount == 0) {
        return 0;
    }
    pMP3->currentPCMFrame             += pcmFrameCount;
    pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame  = pcmFrameCount;
    pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = 0;
    return pcmFrameCount;
}
#endif
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_internal(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(onRead != NULL);
    drmp3dec_init(&pMP3->decoder);
    pMP3->onRead = onRead;
    pMP3->onSeek = onSeek;
    pMP3->pUserData = pUserData;
    pMP3->allocationCallbacks = drmp3_copy_allocation_callbacks_or_defaults(pAllocationCallbacks);
    if (pMP3->allocationCallbacks.onFree == NULL || (pMP3->allocationCallbacks.onMalloc == NULL && pMP3->allocationCallbacks.onRealloc == NULL)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drmp3_decode_next_frame(pMP3)) {
        drmp3_uninit(pMP3);
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    pMP3->channels   = pMP3->mp3FrameChannels;
    pMP3->sampleRate = pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate;
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL || onRead == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    DRMP3_ZERO_OBJECT(pMP3);
    return drmp3_init_internal(pMP3, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
static size_t drmp3__on_read_memory(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    drmp3* pMP3 = (drmp3*)pUserData;
    size_t bytesRemaining;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->memory.dataSize >= pMP3->memory.currentReadPos);
    bytesRemaining = pMP3->memory.dataSize - pMP3->memory.currentReadPos;
    if (bytesToRead > bytesRemaining) {
        bytesToRead = bytesRemaining;
    }
    if (bytesToRead > 0) {
        DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(pBufferOut, pMP3->memory.pData + pMP3->memory.currentReadPos, bytesToRead);
        pMP3->memory.currentReadPos += bytesToRead;
    }
    return bytesToRead;
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3__on_seek_memory(void* pUserData, int byteOffset, drmp3_seek_origin origin)
{
    drmp3* pMP3 = (drmp3*)pUserData;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    if (origin == drmp3_seek_origin_current) {
        if (byteOffset > 0) {
            if (pMP3->memory.currentReadPos + byteOffset > pMP3->memory.dataSize) {
                byteOffset = (int)(pMP3->memory.dataSize - pMP3->memory.currentReadPos);
            }
        } else {
            if (pMP3->memory.currentReadPos < (size_t)-byteOffset) {
                byteOffset = -(int)pMP3->memory.currentReadPos;
            }
        }
        pMP3->memory.currentReadPos += byteOffset;
    } else {
        if ((drmp3_uint32)byteOffset <= pMP3->memory.dataSize) {
            pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = byteOffset;
        } else {
            pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = pMP3->memory.dataSize;
        }
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_memory(drmp3* pMP3, const void* pData, size_t dataSize, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    DRMP3_ZERO_OBJECT(pMP3);
    if (pData == NULL || dataSize == 0) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    pMP3->memory.pData = (const drmp3_uint8*)pData;
    pMP3->memory.dataSize = dataSize;
    pMP3->memory.currentReadPos = 0;
    return drmp3_init_internal(pMP3, drmp3__on_read_memory, drmp3__on_seek_memory, pMP3, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
#ifndef DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
#include <stdio.h>
#include <wchar.h>
#include <errno.h>
static drmp3_result drmp3_result_from_errno(int e)
{
    switch (e)
    {
        case 0: return DRMP3_SUCCESS;
    #ifdef EPERM
        case EPERM: return DRMP3_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOENT
        case ENOENT: return DRMP3_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRCH
        case ESRCH: return DRMP3_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINTR
        case EINTR: return DRMP3_INTERRUPT;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIO
        case EIO: return DRMP3_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENXIO
        case ENXIO: return DRMP3_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef E2BIG
        case E2BIG: return DRMP3_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOEXEC
        case ENOEXEC: return DRMP3_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADF
        case EBADF: return DRMP3_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHILD
        case ECHILD: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAGAIN
        case EAGAIN: return DRMP3_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEM
        case ENOMEM: return DRMP3_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EACCES
        case EACCES: return DRMP3_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFAULT
        case EFAULT: return DRMP3_BAD_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTBLK
        case ENOTBLK: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBUSY
        case EBUSY: return DRMP3_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EEXIST
        case EEXIST: return DRMP3_ALREADY_EXISTS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXDEV
        case EXDEV: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODEV
        case ENODEV: return DRMP3_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTDIR
        case ENOTDIR: return DRMP3_NOT_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISDIR
        case EISDIR: return DRMP3_IS_DIRECTORY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINVAL
        case EINVAL: return DRMP3_INVALID_ARGS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENFILE
        case ENFILE: return DRMP3_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMFILE
        case EMFILE: return DRMP3_TOO_MANY_OPEN_FILES;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTTY
        case ENOTTY: return DRMP3_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETXTBSY
        case ETXTBSY: return DRMP3_BUSY;
    #endif
    #ifdef EFBIG
        case EFBIG: return DRMP3_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSPC
        case ENOSPC: return DRMP3_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESPIPE
        case ESPIPE: return DRMP3_BAD_SEEK;
    #endif
    #ifdef EROFS
        case EROFS: return DRMP3_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMLINK
        case EMLINK: return DRMP3_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPIPE
        case EPIPE: return DRMP3_BAD_PIPE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOM
        case EDOM: return DRMP3_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERANGE
        case ERANGE: return DRMP3_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDEADLK
        case EDEADLK: return DRMP3_DEADLOCK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAMETOOLONG
        case ENAMETOOLONG: return DRMP3_PATH_TOO_LONG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLCK
        case ENOLCK: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSYS
        case ENOSYS: return DRMP3_NOT_IMPLEMENTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTEMPTY
        case ENOTEMPTY: return DRMP3_DIRECTORY_NOT_EMPTY;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELOOP
        case ELOOP: return DRMP3_TOO_MANY_LINKS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMSG
        case ENOMSG: return DRMP3_NO_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EIDRM
        case EIDRM: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECHRNG
        case ECHRNG: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2NSYNC
        case EL2NSYNC: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3HLT
        case EL3HLT: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL3RST
        case EL3RST: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELNRNG
        case ELNRNG: return DRMP3_OUT_OF_RANGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUNATCH
        case EUNATCH: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOCSI
        case ENOCSI: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EL2HLT
        case EL2HLT: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADE
        case EBADE: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADR
        case EBADR: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EXFULL
        case EXFULL: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOANO
        case ENOANO: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADRQC
        case EBADRQC: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADSLT
        case EBADSLT: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBFONT
        case EBFONT: return DRMP3_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSTR
        case ENOSTR: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENODATA
        case ENODATA: return DRMP3_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIME
        case ETIME: return DRMP3_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOSR
        case ENOSR: return DRMP3_NO_DATA_AVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENONET
        case ENONET: return DRMP3_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPKG
        case ENOPKG: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTE
        case EREMOTE: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOLINK
        case ENOLINK: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADV
        case EADV: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESRMNT
        case ESRMNT: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECOMM
        case ECOMM: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTO
        case EPROTO: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMULTIHOP
        case EMULTIHOP: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDOTDOT
        case EDOTDOT: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADMSG
        case EBADMSG: return DRMP3_BAD_MESSAGE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOVERFLOW
        case EOVERFLOW: return DRMP3_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTUNIQ
        case ENOTUNIQ: return DRMP3_NOT_UNIQUE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EBADFD
        case EBADFD: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMCHG
        case EREMCHG: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBACC
        case ELIBACC: return DRMP3_ACCESS_DENIED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBBAD
        case ELIBBAD: return DRMP3_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBSCN
        case ELIBSCN: return DRMP3_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBMAX
        case ELIBMAX: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ELIBEXEC
        case ELIBEXEC: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EILSEQ
        case EILSEQ: return DRMP3_INVALID_DATA;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERESTART
        case ERESTART: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTRPIPE
        case ESTRPIPE: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUSERS
        case EUSERS: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTSOCK
        case ENOTSOCK: return DRMP3_NOT_SOCKET;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDESTADDRREQ
        case EDESTADDRREQ: return DRMP3_NO_ADDRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMSGSIZE
        case EMSGSIZE: return DRMP3_TOO_BIG;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTOTYPE
        case EPROTOTYPE: return DRMP3_BAD_PROTOCOL;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOPROTOOPT
        case ENOPROTOOPT: return DRMP3_PROTOCOL_UNAVAILABLE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPROTONOSUPPORT
        case EPROTONOSUPPORT: return DRMP3_PROTOCOL_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESOCKTNOSUPPORT
        case ESOCKTNOSUPPORT: return DRMP3_SOCKET_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOPNOTSUPP
        case EOPNOTSUPP: return DRMP3_INVALID_OPERATION;
    #endif
    #ifdef EPFNOSUPPORT
        case EPFNOSUPPORT: return DRMP3_PROTOCOL_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EAFNOSUPPORT
        case EAFNOSUPPORT: return DRMP3_ADDRESS_FAMILY_NOT_SUPPORTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRINUSE
        case EADDRINUSE: return DRMP3_ALREADY_IN_USE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EADDRNOTAVAIL
        case EADDRNOTAVAIL: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETDOWN
        case ENETDOWN: return DRMP3_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETUNREACH
        case ENETUNREACH: return DRMP3_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENETRESET
        case ENETRESET: return DRMP3_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNABORTED
        case ECONNABORTED: return DRMP3_NO_NETWORK;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNRESET
        case ECONNRESET: return DRMP3_CONNECTION_RESET;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOBUFS
        case ENOBUFS: return DRMP3_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISCONN
        case EISCONN: return DRMP3_ALREADY_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTCONN
        case ENOTCONN: return DRMP3_NOT_CONNECTED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESHUTDOWN
        case ESHUTDOWN: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETOOMANYREFS
        case ETOOMANYREFS: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ETIMEDOUT
        case ETIMEDOUT: return DRMP3_TIMEOUT;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECONNREFUSED
        case ECONNREFUSED: return DRMP3_CONNECTION_REFUSED;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTDOWN
        case EHOSTDOWN: return DRMP3_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHOSTUNREACH
        case EHOSTUNREACH: return DRMP3_NO_HOST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EALREADY
        case EALREADY: return DRMP3_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef EINPROGRESS
        case EINPROGRESS: return DRMP3_IN_PROGRESS;
    #endif
    #ifdef ESTALE
        case ESTALE: return DRMP3_INVALID_FILE;
    #endif
    #ifdef EUCLEAN
        case EUCLEAN: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTNAM
        case ENOTNAM: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENAVAIL
        case ENAVAIL: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EISNAM
        case EISNAM: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EREMOTEIO
        case EREMOTEIO: return DRMP3_IO_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EDQUOT
        case EDQUOT: return DRMP3_NO_SPACE;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOMEDIUM
        case ENOMEDIUM: return DRMP3_DOES_NOT_EXIST;
    #endif
    #ifdef EMEDIUMTYPE
        case EMEDIUMTYPE: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ECANCELED
        case ECANCELED: return DRMP3_CANCELLED;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOKEY
        case ENOKEY: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYEXPIRED
        case EKEYEXPIRED: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREVOKED
        case EKEYREVOKED: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EKEYREJECTED
        case EKEYREJECTED: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EOWNERDEAD
        case EOWNERDEAD: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ENOTRECOVERABLE
        case ENOTRECOVERABLE: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef ERFKILL
        case ERFKILL: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
    #ifdef EHWPOISON
        case EHWPOISON: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    #endif
        default: return DRMP3_ERROR;
    }
}
static drmp3_result drmp3_fopen(FILE** ppFile, const char* pFilePath, const char* pOpenMode)
{
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    errno_t err;
#endif
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;
    }
    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
#if _MSC_VER && _MSC_VER >= 1400
    err = fopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    if (err != 0) {
        return drmp3_result_from_errno(err);
    }
#else
#if defined(_WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__)
    *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
#else
    #if defined(_FILE_OFFSET_BITS) && _FILE_OFFSET_BITS == 64 && defined(_LARGEFILE64_SOURCE)
        *ppFile = fopen64(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #else
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
    #endif
#endif
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        drmp3_result result = drmp3_result_from_errno(errno);
        if (result == DRMP3_SUCCESS) {
            result = DRMP3_ERROR;
        }
        return result;
    }
#endif
    return DRMP3_SUCCESS;
}
#if defined(_WIN32)
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__MINGW64__) || !defined(__STRICT_ANSI__)
        #define DRMP3_HAS_WFOPEN
    #endif
#endif
static drmp3_result drmp3_wfopen(FILE** ppFile, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const wchar_t* pOpenMode, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (ppFile != NULL) {
        *ppFile = NULL;
    }
    if (pFilePath == NULL || pOpenMode == NULL || ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_INVALID_ARGS;
    }
#if defined(DRMP3_HAS_WFOPEN)
    {
    #if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
        errno_t err = _wfopen_s(ppFile, pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (err != 0) {
            return drmp3_result_from_errno(err);
        }
    #else
        *ppFile = _wfopen(pFilePath, pOpenMode);
        if (*ppFile == NULL) {
            return drmp3_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
    #endif
        (void)pAllocationCallbacks;
    }
#else
    {
        mbstate_t mbs;
        size_t lenMB;
        const wchar_t* pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        char* pFilePathMB = NULL;
        char pOpenModeMB[32] = {0};
        DRMP3_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        lenMB = wcsrtombs(NULL, &pFilePathTemp, 0, &mbs);
        if (lenMB == (size_t)-1) {
            return drmp3_result_from_errno(errno);
        }
        pFilePathMB = (char*)drmp3__malloc_from_callbacks(lenMB + 1, pAllocationCallbacks);
        if (pFilePathMB == NULL) {
            return DRMP3_OUT_OF_MEMORY;
        }
        pFilePathTemp = pFilePath;
        DRMP3_ZERO_OBJECT(&mbs);
        wcsrtombs(pFilePathMB, &pFilePathTemp, lenMB + 1, &mbs);
        {
            size_t i = 0;
            for (;;) {
                if (pOpenMode[i] == 0) {
                    pOpenModeMB[i] = '\0';
                    break;
                }
                pOpenModeMB[i] = (char)pOpenMode[i];
                i += 1;
            }
        }
        *ppFile = fopen(pFilePathMB, pOpenModeMB);
        drmp3__free_from_callbacks(pFilePathMB, pAllocationCallbacks);
    }
    if (*ppFile == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_ERROR;
    }
#endif
    return DRMP3_SUCCESS;
}
static size_t drmp3__on_read_stdio(void* pUserData, void* pBufferOut, size_t bytesToRead)
{
    return fread(pBufferOut, 1, bytesToRead, (FILE*)pUserData);
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3__on_seek_stdio(void* pUserData, int offset, drmp3_seek_origin origin)
{
    return fseek((FILE*)pUserData, offset, (origin == drmp3_seek_origin_current) ? SEEK_CUR : SEEK_SET) == 0;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_file(drmp3* pMP3, const char* pFilePath, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drmp3_fopen(&pFile, pFilePath, "rb") != DRMP3_SUCCESS) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    return drmp3_init(pMP3, drmp3__on_read_stdio, drmp3__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_init_file_w(drmp3* pMP3, const wchar_t* pFilePath, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    FILE* pFile;
    if (drmp3_wfopen(&pFile, pFilePath, L"rb", pAllocationCallbacks) != DRMP3_SUCCESS) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    return drmp3_init(pMP3, drmp3__on_read_stdio, drmp3__on_seek_stdio, (void*)pFile, pAllocationCallbacks);
}
#endif
DRMP3_API void drmp3_uninit(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
        return;
    }
#ifndef DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
    if (pMP3->onRead == drmp3__on_read_stdio) {
        fclose((FILE*)pMP3->pUserData);
    }
#endif
    drmp3__free_from_callbacks(pMP3->pData, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
}
#if defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
static void drmp3_f32_to_s16(drmp3_int16* dst, const float* src, drmp3_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drmp3_uint64 i;
    drmp3_uint64 i4;
    drmp3_uint64 sampleCount4;
    i = 0;
    sampleCount4 = sampleCount >> 2;
    for (i4 = 0; i4 < sampleCount4; i4 += 1) {
        float x0 = src[i+0];
        float x1 = src[i+1];
        float x2 = src[i+2];
        float x3 = src[i+3];
        x0 = ((x0 < -1) ? -1 : ((x0 > 1) ? 1 : x0));
        x1 = ((x1 < -1) ? -1 : ((x1 > 1) ? 1 : x1));
        x2 = ((x2 < -1) ? -1 : ((x2 > 1) ? 1 : x2));
        x3 = ((x3 < -1) ? -1 : ((x3 > 1) ? 1 : x3));
        x0 = x0 * 32767.0f;
        x1 = x1 * 32767.0f;
        x2 = x2 * 32767.0f;
        x3 = x3 * 32767.0f;
        dst[i+0] = (drmp3_int16)x0;
        dst[i+1] = (drmp3_int16)x1;
        dst[i+2] = (drmp3_int16)x2;
        dst[i+3] = (drmp3_int16)x3;
        i += 4;
    }
    for (; i < sampleCount; i += 1) {
        float x = src[i];
        x = ((x < -1) ? -1 : ((x > 1) ? 1 : x));
        x = x * 32767.0f;
        dst[i] = (drmp3_int16)x;
    }
}
#endif
#if !defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
static void drmp3_s16_to_f32(float* dst, const drmp3_int16* src, drmp3_uint64 sampleCount)
{
    drmp3_uint64 i;
    for (i = 0; i < sampleCount; i += 1) {
        float x = (float)src[i];
        x = x * 0.000030517578125f;
        dst[i] = x;
    }
}
#endif
static drmp3_uint64 drmp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 framesToRead, void* pBufferOut)
{
    drmp3_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onRead != NULL);
    while (framesToRead > 0) {
        drmp3_uint32 framesToConsume = (drmp3_uint32)DRMP3_MIN(pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame, framesToRead);
        if (pBufferOut != NULL) {
        #if defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
            float* pFramesOutF32 = (float*)DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut,          sizeof(float) * totalFramesRead                   * pMP3->channels);
            float* pFramesInF32  = (float*)DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(&pMP3->pcmFrames[0], sizeof(float) * pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame * pMP3->mp3FrameChannels);
            DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutF32, pFramesInF32, sizeof(float) * framesToConsume * pMP3->channels);
        #else
            drmp3_int16* pFramesOutS16 = (drmp3_int16*)DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut,          sizeof(drmp3_int16) * totalFramesRead                   * pMP3->channels);
            drmp3_int16* pFramesInS16  = (drmp3_int16*)DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(&pMP3->pcmFrames[0], sizeof(drmp3_int16) * pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame * pMP3->mp3FrameChannels);
            DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFramesOutS16, pFramesInS16, sizeof(drmp3_int16) * framesToConsume * pMP3->channels);
        #endif
        }
        pMP3->currentPCMFrame              += framesToConsume;
        pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame  += framesToConsume;
        pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame -= framesToConsume;
        totalFramesRead                    += framesToConsume;
        framesToRead                       -= framesToConsume;
        if (framesToRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame == 0);
        if (drmp3_decode_next_frame(pMP3) == 0) {
            break;
        }
    }
    return totalFramesRead;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_read_pcm_frames_f32(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 framesToRead, float* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL || pMP3->onRead == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
#if defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
    return drmp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(pMP3, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
#else
    {
        drmp3_int16 pTempS16[8192];
        drmp3_uint64 totalPCMFramesRead = 0;
        while (totalPCMFramesRead < framesToRead) {
            drmp3_uint64 framesJustRead;
            drmp3_uint64 framesRemaining = framesToRead - totalPCMFramesRead;
            drmp3_uint64 framesToReadNow = DRMP3_COUNTOF(pTempS16) / pMP3->channels;
            if (framesToReadNow > framesRemaining) {
                framesToReadNow = framesRemaining;
            }
            framesJustRead = drmp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(pMP3, framesToReadNow, pTempS16);
            if (framesJustRead == 0) {
                break;
            }
            drmp3_s16_to_f32((float*)DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut, sizeof(drmp3_int16) * totalPCMFramesRead * pMP3->channels), pTempS16, framesJustRead * pMP3->channels);
            totalPCMFramesRead += framesJustRead;
        }
        return totalPCMFramesRead;
    }
#endif
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_read_pcm_frames_s16(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 framesToRead, drmp3_int16* pBufferOut)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL || pMP3->onRead == NULL) {
        return 0;
    }
#if !defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
    return drmp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(pMP3, framesToRead, pBufferOut);
#else
    {
        float pTempF32[4096];
        drmp3_uint64 totalPCMFramesRead = 0;
        while (totalPCMFramesRead < framesToRead) {
            drmp3_uint64 framesJustRead;
            drmp3_uint64 framesRemaining = framesToRead - totalPCMFramesRead;
            drmp3_uint64 framesToReadNow = DRMP3_COUNTOF(pTempF32) / pMP3->channels;
            if (framesToReadNow > framesRemaining) {
                framesToReadNow = framesRemaining;
            }
            framesJustRead = drmp3_read_pcm_frames_raw(pMP3, framesToReadNow, pTempF32);
            if (framesJustRead == 0) {
                break;
            }
            drmp3_f32_to_s16((drmp3_int16*)DRMP3_OFFSET_PTR(pBufferOut, sizeof(drmp3_int16) * totalPCMFramesRead * pMP3->channels), pTempF32, framesJustRead * pMP3->channels);
            totalPCMFramesRead += framesJustRead;
        }
        return totalPCMFramesRead;
    }
#endif
}
static void drmp3_reset(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    pMP3->pcmFramesConsumedInMP3Frame = 0;
    pMP3->pcmFramesRemainingInMP3Frame = 0;
    pMP3->currentPCMFrame = 0;
    pMP3->dataSize = 0;
    pMP3->atEnd = DRMP3_FALSE;
    drmp3dec_init(&pMP3->decoder);
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->onSeek != NULL);
    if (!drmp3__on_seek(pMP3, 0, drmp3_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    drmp3_reset(pMP3);
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames__brute_force(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 frameOffset)
{
    drmp3_uint64 framesRead;
#if defined(DR_MP3_FLOAT_OUTPUT)
    framesRead = drmp3_read_pcm_frames_f32(pMP3, frameOffset, NULL);
#else
    framesRead = drmp3_read_pcm_frames_s16(pMP3, frameOffset, NULL);
#endif
    if (framesRead != frameOffset) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame__brute_force(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    if (frameIndex == pMP3->currentPCMFrame) {
        return DRMP3_TRUE;
    }
    if (frameIndex < pMP3->currentPCMFrame) {
        if (!drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(pMP3)) {
            return DRMP3_FALSE;
        }
    }
    DRMP3_ASSERT(frameIndex >= pMP3->currentPCMFrame);
    return drmp3_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames__brute_force(pMP3, (frameIndex - pMP3->currentPCMFrame));
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3_find_closest_seek_point(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 frameIndex, drmp3_uint32* pSeekPointIndex)
{
    drmp3_uint32 iSeekPoint;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pSeekPointIndex != NULL);
    *pSeekPointIndex = 0;
    if (frameIndex < pMP3->pSeekPoints[0].pcmFrameIndex) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    for (iSeekPoint = 0; iSeekPoint < pMP3->seekPointCount; ++iSeekPoint) {
        if (pMP3->pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].pcmFrameIndex > frameIndex) {
            break;
        }
        *pSeekPointIndex = iSeekPoint;
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
static drmp3_bool32 drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame__seek_table(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    drmp3_seek_point seekPoint;
    drmp3_uint32 priorSeekPointIndex;
    drmp3_uint16 iMP3Frame;
    drmp3_uint64 leftoverFrames;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->pSeekPoints != NULL);
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->seekPointCount > 0);
    if (drmp3_find_closest_seek_point(pMP3, frameIndex, &priorSeekPointIndex)) {
        seekPoint = pMP3->pSeekPoints[priorSeekPointIndex];
    } else {
        seekPoint.seekPosInBytes     = 0;
        seekPoint.pcmFrameIndex      = 0;
        seekPoint.mp3FramesToDiscard = 0;
        seekPoint.pcmFramesToDiscard = 0;
    }
    if (!drmp3__on_seek_64(pMP3, seekPoint.seekPosInBytes, drmp3_seek_origin_start)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    drmp3_reset(pMP3);
    for (iMP3Frame = 0; iMP3Frame < seekPoint.mp3FramesToDiscard; ++iMP3Frame) {
        drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesRead;
        drmp3d_sample_t* pPCMFrames;
        pPCMFrames = NULL;
        if (iMP3Frame == seekPoint.mp3FramesToDiscard-1) {
            pPCMFrames = (drmp3d_sample_t*)pMP3->pcmFrames;
        }
        pcmFramesRead = drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, pPCMFrames);
        if (pcmFramesRead == 0) {
            return DRMP3_FALSE;
        }
    }
    pMP3->currentPCMFrame = seekPoint.pcmFrameIndex - seekPoint.pcmFramesToDiscard;
    leftoverFrames = frameIndex - pMP3->currentPCMFrame;
    return drmp3_seek_forward_by_pcm_frames__brute_force(pMP3, leftoverFrames);
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64 frameIndex)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL || pMP3->onSeek == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (frameIndex == 0) {
        return drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(pMP3);
    }
    if (pMP3->pSeekPoints != NULL && pMP3->seekPointCount > 0) {
        return drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame__seek_table(pMP3, frameIndex);
    } else {
        return drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame__brute_force(pMP3, frameIndex);
    }
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint64* pMP3FrameCount, drmp3_uint64* pPCMFrameCount)
{
    drmp3_uint64 currentPCMFrame;
    drmp3_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    drmp3_uint64 totalMP3FrameCount;
    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (pMP3->onSeek == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    currentPCMFrame = pMP3->currentPCMFrame;
    if (!drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(pMP3)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    totalPCMFrameCount = 0;
    totalMP3FrameCount = 0;
    for (;;) {
        drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame;
        pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame = drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
        if (pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame == 0) {
            break;
        }
        totalPCMFrameCount += pcmFramesInCurrentMP3Frame;
        totalMP3FrameCount += 1;
    }
    if (!drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(pMP3)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (!drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame(pMP3, currentPCMFrame)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (pMP3FrameCount != NULL) {
        *pMP3FrameCount = totalMP3FrameCount;
    }
    if (pPCMFrameCount != NULL) {
        *pPCMFrameCount = totalPCMFrameCount;
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_get_pcm_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    drmp3_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    if (!drmp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, NULL, &totalPCMFrameCount)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return totalPCMFrameCount;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_uint64 drmp3_get_mp3_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3)
{
    drmp3_uint64 totalMP3FrameCount;
    if (!drmp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, &totalMP3FrameCount, NULL)) {
        return 0;
    }
    return totalMP3FrameCount;
}
static void drmp3__accumulate_running_pcm_frame_count(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint32 pcmFrameCountIn, drmp3_uint64* pRunningPCMFrameCount, float* pRunningPCMFrameCountFractionalPart)
{
    float srcRatio;
    float pcmFrameCountOutF;
    drmp3_uint32 pcmFrameCountOut;
    srcRatio = (float)pMP3->mp3FrameSampleRate / (float)pMP3->sampleRate;
    DRMP3_ASSERT(srcRatio > 0);
    pcmFrameCountOutF = *pRunningPCMFrameCountFractionalPart + (pcmFrameCountIn / srcRatio);
    pcmFrameCountOut  = (drmp3_uint32)pcmFrameCountOutF;
    *pRunningPCMFrameCountFractionalPart = pcmFrameCountOutF - pcmFrameCountOut;
    *pRunningPCMFrameCount += pcmFrameCountOut;
}
typedef struct
{
    drmp3_uint64 bytePos;
    drmp3_uint64 pcmFrameIndex;
} drmp3__seeking_mp3_frame_info;
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_calculate_seek_points(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint32* pSeekPointCount, drmp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints)
{
    drmp3_uint32 seekPointCount;
    drmp3_uint64 currentPCMFrame;
    drmp3_uint64 totalMP3FrameCount;
    drmp3_uint64 totalPCMFrameCount;
    if (pMP3 == NULL || pSeekPointCount == NULL || pSeekPoints == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    seekPointCount = *pSeekPointCount;
    if (seekPointCount == 0) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    currentPCMFrame = pMP3->currentPCMFrame;
    if (!drmp3_get_mp3_and_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, &totalMP3FrameCount, &totalPCMFrameCount)) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (totalMP3FrameCount < DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES+1) {
        seekPointCount = 1;
        pSeekPoints[0].seekPosInBytes     = 0;
        pSeekPoints[0].pcmFrameIndex      = 0;
        pSeekPoints[0].mp3FramesToDiscard = 0;
        pSeekPoints[0].pcmFramesToDiscard = 0;
    } else {
        drmp3_uint64 pcmFramesBetweenSeekPoints;
        drmp3__seeking_mp3_frame_info mp3FrameInfo[DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES+1];
        drmp3_uint64 runningPCMFrameCount = 0;
        float runningPCMFrameCountFractionalPart = 0;
        drmp3_uint64 nextTargetPCMFrame;
        drmp3_uint32 iMP3Frame;
        drmp3_uint32 iSeekPoint;
        if (seekPointCount > totalMP3FrameCount-1) {
            seekPointCount = (drmp3_uint32)totalMP3FrameCount-1;
        }
        pcmFramesBetweenSeekPoints = totalPCMFrameCount / (seekPointCount+1);
        if (!drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(pMP3)) {
            return DRMP3_FALSE;
        }
        for (iMP3Frame = 0; iMP3Frame < DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES+1; ++iMP3Frame) {
            drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn;
            DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3->streamCursor >= pMP3->dataSize);
            mp3FrameInfo[iMP3Frame].bytePos       = pMP3->streamCursor - pMP3->dataSize;
            mp3FrameInfo[iMP3Frame].pcmFrameIndex = runningPCMFrameCount;
            pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn = drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
            if (pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn == 0) {
                return DRMP3_FALSE;
            }
            drmp3__accumulate_running_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn, &runningPCMFrameCount, &runningPCMFrameCountFractionalPart);
        }
        nextTargetPCMFrame = 0;
        for (iSeekPoint = 0; iSeekPoint < seekPointCount; ++iSeekPoint) {
            nextTargetPCMFrame += pcmFramesBetweenSeekPoints;
            for (;;) {
                if (nextTargetPCMFrame < runningPCMFrameCount) {
                    pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].seekPosInBytes     = mp3FrameInfo[0].bytePos;
                    pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].pcmFrameIndex      = nextTargetPCMFrame;
                    pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].mp3FramesToDiscard = DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES;
                    pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].pcmFramesToDiscard = (drmp3_uint16)(nextTargetPCMFrame - mp3FrameInfo[DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES-1].pcmFrameIndex);
                    break;
                } else {
                    size_t i;
                    drmp3_uint32 pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn;
                    for (i = 0; i < DRMP3_COUNTOF(mp3FrameInfo)-1; ++i) {
                        mp3FrameInfo[i] = mp3FrameInfo[i+1];
                    }
                    mp3FrameInfo[DRMP3_COUNTOF(mp3FrameInfo)-1].bytePos       = pMP3->streamCursor - pMP3->dataSize;
                    mp3FrameInfo[DRMP3_COUNTOF(mp3FrameInfo)-1].pcmFrameIndex = runningPCMFrameCount;
                    pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn = drmp3_decode_next_frame_ex(pMP3, NULL);
                    if (pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn == 0) {
                        pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].seekPosInBytes     = mp3FrameInfo[0].bytePos;
                        pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].pcmFrameIndex      = nextTargetPCMFrame;
                        pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].mp3FramesToDiscard = DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES;
                        pSeekPoints[iSeekPoint].pcmFramesToDiscard = (drmp3_uint16)(nextTargetPCMFrame - mp3FrameInfo[DRMP3_SEEK_LEADING_MP3_FRAMES-1].pcmFrameIndex);
                        break;
                    }
                    drmp3__accumulate_running_pcm_frame_count(pMP3, pcmFramesInCurrentMP3FrameIn, &runningPCMFrameCount, &runningPCMFrameCountFractionalPart);
                }
            }
        }
        if (!drmp3_seek_to_start_of_stream(pMP3)) {
            return DRMP3_FALSE;
        }
        if (!drmp3_seek_to_pcm_frame(pMP3, currentPCMFrame)) {
            return DRMP3_FALSE;
        }
    }
    *pSeekPointCount = seekPointCount;
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_bool32 drmp3_bind_seek_table(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_uint32 seekPointCount, drmp3_seek_point* pSeekPoints)
{
    if (pMP3 == NULL) {
        return DRMP3_FALSE;
    }
    if (seekPointCount == 0 || pSeekPoints == NULL) {
        pMP3->seekPointCount = 0;
        pMP3->pSeekPoints = NULL;
    } else {
        pMP3->seekPointCount = seekPointCount;
        pMP3->pSeekPoints = pSeekPoints;
    }
    return DRMP3_TRUE;
}
static float* drmp3__full_read_and_close_f32(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount)
{
    drmp3_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drmp3_uint64 framesCapacity = 0;
    float* pFrames = NULL;
    float temp[4096];
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    for (;;) {
        drmp3_uint64 framesToReadRightNow = DRMP3_COUNTOF(temp) / pMP3->channels;
        drmp3_uint64 framesJustRead = drmp3_read_pcm_frames_f32(pMP3, framesToReadRightNow, temp);
        if (framesJustRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        if (framesCapacity < totalFramesRead + framesJustRead) {
            drmp3_uint64 oldFramesBufferSize;
            drmp3_uint64 newFramesBufferSize;
            drmp3_uint64 newFramesCap;
            float* pNewFrames;
            newFramesCap = framesCapacity * 2;
            if (newFramesCap < totalFramesRead + framesJustRead) {
                newFramesCap = totalFramesRead + framesJustRead;
            }
            oldFramesBufferSize = framesCapacity * pMP3->channels * sizeof(float);
            newFramesBufferSize = newFramesCap   * pMP3->channels * sizeof(float);
            if (newFramesBufferSize > DRMP3_SIZE_MAX) {
                break;
            }
            pNewFrames = (float*)drmp3__realloc_from_callbacks(pFrames, (size_t)newFramesBufferSize, (size_t)oldFramesBufferSize, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
            if (pNewFrames == NULL) {
                drmp3__free_from_callbacks(pFrames, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
                break;
            }
            pFrames = pNewFrames;
            framesCapacity = newFramesCap;
        }
        DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFrames + totalFramesRead*pMP3->channels, temp, (size_t)(framesJustRead*pMP3->channels*sizeof(float)));
        totalFramesRead += framesJustRead;
        if (framesJustRead != framesToReadRightNow) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (pConfig != NULL) {
        pConfig->channels   = pMP3->channels;
        pConfig->sampleRate = pMP3->sampleRate;
    }
    drmp3_uninit(pMP3);
    if (pTotalFrameCount) {
        *pTotalFrameCount = totalFramesRead;
    }
    return pFrames;
}
static drmp3_int16* drmp3__full_read_and_close_s16(drmp3* pMP3, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount)
{
    drmp3_uint64 totalFramesRead = 0;
    drmp3_uint64 framesCapacity = 0;
    drmp3_int16* pFrames = NULL;
    drmp3_int16 temp[4096];
    DRMP3_ASSERT(pMP3 != NULL);
    for (;;) {
        drmp3_uint64 framesToReadRightNow = DRMP3_COUNTOF(temp) / pMP3->channels;
        drmp3_uint64 framesJustRead = drmp3_read_pcm_frames_s16(pMP3, framesToReadRightNow, temp);
        if (framesJustRead == 0) {
            break;
        }
        if (framesCapacity < totalFramesRead + framesJustRead) {
            drmp3_uint64 newFramesBufferSize;
            drmp3_uint64 oldFramesBufferSize;
            drmp3_uint64 newFramesCap;
            drmp3_int16* pNewFrames;
            newFramesCap = framesCapacity * 2;
            if (newFramesCap < totalFramesRead + framesJustRead) {
                newFramesCap = totalFramesRead + framesJustRead;
            }
            oldFramesBufferSize = framesCapacity * pMP3->channels * sizeof(drmp3_int16);
            newFramesBufferSize = newFramesCap   * pMP3->channels * sizeof(drmp3_int16);
            if (newFramesBufferSize > DRMP3_SIZE_MAX) {
                break;
            }
            pNewFrames = (drmp3_int16*)drmp3__realloc_from_callbacks(pFrames, (size_t)newFramesBufferSize, (size_t)oldFramesBufferSize, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
            if (pNewFrames == NULL) {
                drmp3__free_from_callbacks(pFrames, &pMP3->allocationCallbacks);
                break;
            }
            pFrames = pNewFrames;
            framesCapacity = newFramesCap;
        }
        DRMP3_COPY_MEMORY(pFrames + totalFramesRead*pMP3->channels, temp, (size_t)(framesJustRead*pMP3->channels*sizeof(drmp3_int16)));
        totalFramesRead += framesJustRead;
        if (framesJustRead != framesToReadRightNow) {
            break;
        }
    }
    if (pConfig != NULL) {
        pConfig->channels   = pMP3->channels;
        pConfig->sampleRate = pMP3->sampleRate;
    }
    drmp3_uninit(pMP3);
    if (pTotalFrameCount) {
        *pTotalFrameCount = totalFramesRead;
    }
    return pFrames;
}
DRMP3_API float* drmp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drmp3 mp3;
    if (!drmp3_init(&mp3, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drmp3__full_read_and_close_f32(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_int16* drmp3_open_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(drmp3_read_proc onRead, drmp3_seek_proc onSeek, void* pUserData, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drmp3 mp3;
    if (!drmp3_init(&mp3, onRead, onSeek, pUserData, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drmp3__full_read_and_close_s16(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
}
DRMP3_API float* drmp3_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drmp3 mp3;
    if (!drmp3_init_memory(&mp3, pData, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drmp3__full_read_and_close_f32(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_int16* drmp3_open_memory_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const void* pData, size_t dataSize, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drmp3 mp3;
    if (!drmp3_init_memory(&mp3, pData, dataSize, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drmp3__full_read_and_close_s16(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
}
#ifndef DR_MP3_NO_STDIO
DRMP3_API float* drmp3_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_f32(const char* filePath, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drmp3 mp3;
    if (!drmp3_init_file(&mp3, filePath, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drmp3__full_read_and_close_f32(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
}
DRMP3_API drmp3_int16* drmp3_open_file_and_read_pcm_frames_s16(const char* filePath, drmp3_config* pConfig, drmp3_uint64* pTotalFrameCount, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    drmp3 mp3;
    if (!drmp3_init_file(&mp3, filePath, pAllocationCallbacks)) {
        return NULL;
    }
    return drmp3__full_read_and_close_s16(&mp3, pConfig, pTotalFrameCount);
}
#endif
DRMP3_API void* drmp3_malloc(size_t sz, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        return drmp3__malloc_from_callbacks(sz, pAllocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        return drmp3__malloc_default(sz, NULL);
    }
}
DRMP3_API void drmp3_free(void* p, const drmp3_allocation_callbacks* pAllocationCallbacks)
{
    if (pAllocationCallbacks != NULL) {
        drmp3__free_from_callbacks(p, pAllocationCallbacks);
    } else {
        drmp3__free_default(p, NULL);
    }
}
#endif
/* dr_mp3_c end */
#endif  /* DRMP3_IMPLEMENTATION */
#endif  /* MA_NO_MP3 */


/* End globally disabled warnings. */
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
    #pragma warning(pop)
#endif

#endif  /* miniaudio_c */

/*
This software is available as a choice of the following licenses. Choose
whichever you prefer.

===============================================================================
ALTERNATIVE 1 - Public Domain (www.unlicense.org)
===============================================================================
This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain.

Anyone is free to copy, modify, publish, use, compile, sell, or distribute this
software, either in source code form or as a compiled binary, for any purpose,
commercial or non-commercial, and by any means.

In jurisdictions that recognize copyright laws, the author or authors of this
software dedicate any and all copyright interest in the software to the public
domain. We make this dedication for the benefit of the public at large and to
the detriment of our heirs and successors. We intend this dedication to be an
overt act of relinquishment in perpetuity of all present and future rights to
this software under copyright law.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN
ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

For more information, please refer to <http://unlicense.org/>

===============================================================================
ALTERNATIVE 2 - MIT No Attribution
===============================================================================
Copyright 2020 David Reid

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of
this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in
the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to
use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies
of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do
so.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
SOFTWARE.
*/
