What	O
kind	O
of	O
memory	O
?	O

We	O
respectfully	O
invite	O
you	O
to	O
watch	O
a	O
special	O
edition	O
of	O
Across	B-ORGANIZATION
China	I-ORGANIZATION
!	O
!	O
!	O

WW	B-WORK_OF_ART
II	I-WORK_OF_ART
Landmarks	I-WORK_OF_ART
on	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Great	I-WORK_OF_ART
Earth	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
China	I-WORK_OF_ART
:	I-WORK_OF_ART
Eternal	I-WORK_OF_ART
Memories	I-WORK_OF_ART
of	I-WORK_OF_ART
Taihang	I-WORK_OF_ART
Mountain	I-WORK_OF_ART
Standing	O
tall	O
on	O
Taihang	B-LOCATION
Mountain	I-LOCATION
is	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Monument	I-WORK_OF_ART
to	I-WORK_OF_ART
the	I-WORK_OF_ART
Hundred	I-WORK_OF_ART
Regiments	I-WORK_OF_ART
Offensive	I-WORK_OF_ART
.	O

It	O
is	O
composed	O
of	O
a	O
primary	O
stele	O
,	O
secondary	O
steles	O
,	O
a	O
huge	O
round	O
sculpture	O
and	O
beacon	O
tower	O
,	O
and	O
the	B-WORK_OF_ART
Great	I-WORK_OF_ART
Wall	I-WORK_OF_ART
,	O
among	O
other	O
things	O
.	O

A	O
primary	O
stele	O
,	O
three	B-CARDINAL
secondary	O
steles	O
,	O
and	O
two	B-CARDINAL
inscribed	O
steles	O
.	O

The	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
was	O
the	O
campaign	O
of	O
the	O
largest	O
scale	O
launched	O
by	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
during	O
the	B-EVENT
War	I-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
.	O

This	O
campaign	O
broke	O
through	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
blockade	O
to	O
reach	O
base	O
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
stirring	O
up	O
anti-Japanese	B-NORP
spirit	O
throughout	O
the	O
nation	O
and	O
influencing	O
the	O
situation	O
of	O
the	O
anti-fascist	O
war	O
of	O
the	O
people	O
worldwide	O
.	O

This	O
is	O
Zhuanbi	B-GPE
Village	I-GPE
,	I-GPE
Wuxiang	I-GPE
County	I-GPE
of	O
Shanxi	B-GPE
Province	I-GPE
,	O
where	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
was	O
headquartered	O
back	O
then	O
.	O

On	O
a	O
wall	O
outside	O
the	O
headquarters	O
we	O
found	O
a	O
map	O
.	O

This	O
map	O
was	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
's	I-ORGANIZATION
depiction	O
of	O
the	O
Mediterranean	B-LOCATION
Sea	I-LOCATION
situation	O
at	O
that	O
time	O
.	O

This	O
map	O
reflected	O
the	O
European	B-NORP
battlefield	O
situation	O
.	O

In	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
German	B-NORP
army	O
invaded	O
and	O
occupied	O
Czechoslovakia	B-GPE
,	O
Poland	B-GPE
,	O
the	O
Netherlands	B-GPE
,	O
Belgium	B-GPE
,	O
and	O
France	B-GPE
.	O

It	O
was	O
during	O
this	B-DATE
year	I-DATE
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
developed	O
a	O
strategy	O
to	O
rapidly	O
force	O
the	O
Chinese	B-NORP
people	O
into	O
submission	O
by	O
the	B-DATE
end	I-DATE
of	I-DATE
1940	I-DATE
.	O

In	O
May	B-DATE
,	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
launched	O
--	O
From	O
one	B-CARDINAL
side	O
,	O
it	O
seized	O
an	O
important	O
city	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
called	O
Yichang	B-GPE
.	O

Um	O
,	O
,	O
uh	O
,	O
through	O
Yichang	B-GPE
,	O
it	O
could	O
directly	O
reach	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O

Ah	O
,	O
that	O
threatened	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O

Then	O
they	O
would	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
bomb	O
these	O
large	O
rear	O
areas	O
such	O
as	O
Chongqing	B-GPE
.	O

So	O
,	O
along	O
with	O
the	O
coordinated	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
economic	O
blockade	O
,	O
military	O
offensives	O
,	O
and	O
strategic	O
bombings	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
a	O
simultaneous	O
attack	O
was	O
launched	O
in	O
Hong	B-GPE
Kong	I-GPE
to	O
lure	O
the	O
KMT	B-ORGANIZATION
government	O
into	O
surrender	O
.	O

The	O
progress	O
of	O
this	O
coordinated	O
offensive	O
was	O
already	O
very	O
entrenched	O
by	O
then	O
.	O

By	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
China	B-GPE
's	O
War	B-EVENT
of	I-EVENT
Resistance	I-EVENT
against	I-EVENT
Japan	I-EVENT
had	O
entered	O
a	O
stalemate	O
.	O

The	O
situation	O
on	O
our	O
side	O
and	O
the	O
enemy	O
's	O
side	O
was	O
intertwined	O
.	O

The	O
Eighth	B-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
guerrillas	O
were	O
extraordinarily	O
active	O
,	O
creating	O
more	O
and	O
more	O
trouble	O
for	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
in	O
North	B-LOCATION
China	I-LOCATION
.	O

Hayao	B-PERSONNAME
Tada	I-PERSONNAME
,	O
commander	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
North	B-ORGANIZATION
China	I-ORGANIZATION
Area	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
,	O
adopted	O
a	O
strategy	O
of	O
siege	O
warfare	O
to	O
deal	O
with	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
.	O

The	O
specific	O
method	O
was	O
building	O
a	O
closely	O
connected	O
transport	O
network	O
,	O
with	O
a	O
road	O
for	O
every	O
village	O
and	O
defensive	O
towers	O
on	O
every	O
road	O
.	O

Roads	O
and	O
railways	O
were	O
used	O
as	O
links	O
to	O
connect	O
all	O
of	O
North	B-LOCATION
China	I-LOCATION
into	O
a	O
solid	O
,	O
widespread	O
siege	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
strangle	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
and	O
its	O
base	O
areas	O
in	O
this	O
net	O
.	O

As	O
part	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
strategy	O
of	O
siege	O
warfare	O
,	O
railways	O
and	O
roads	O
had	O
actually	O
become	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
's	O
weapons	O
of	O
war	O
,	O
becoming	O
a	O
great	O
threat	O
to	O
the	O
base	O
areas	O
.	O

In	O
December	B-DATE
1939	I-DATE
,	O
Commander	O
-	O
in	O
-	O
chief	O
Zhu	B-PERSONNAME
De	I-PERSONNAME
and	O
Vice	O
Commander	O
Peng	B-PERSONNAME
Dehuai	I-PERSONNAME
of	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
received	O
a	O
top	O
-	O
secret	O
telegram	O
from	O
Commander	O
Lu	B-PERSONNAME
Zhengcao	I-PERSONNAME
of	O
the	B-GPE
Jizhong	I-GPE
Military	I-GPE
District	I-GPE
,	O
among	O
other	O
people	O
.	O

The	O
telegram	O
said	O
that	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
troops	O
were	O
building	O
blockade	O
trenches	O
and	O
chessboard	O
-	O
like	O
roads	O
to	O
divide	O
the	O
Jizhong	B-GPE
base	O
area	O
into	O
small	O
isolated	O
blocks	O
without	O
the	O
ability	O
to	O
mutually	O
communicate	O
and	O
support	O
each	O
other	O
,	O
causing	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
and	O
the	O
guerrillas	O
to	O
lose	O
maneuverability	O
.	O

Before	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
in	O
1940	B-DATE
,	O
an	O
inclination	O
to	O
compromise	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
surrender	O
,	O
was	O
an	O
extremely	O
serious	O
crisis	O
in	O
the	O
frontline	O
situation	O
in	O
China	B-GPE
.	O

Well	O
,	O
on	O
the	O
battlefield	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
in	O
order	O
to	O
take	O
over	O
,	O
consolidate	O
the	O
area	O
under	O
its	O
occupation	O
,	O
Japan	B-GPE
began	O
a	O
new	O
strategy	O
.	O

That	O
was	O
to	O
use	O
railways	O
as	O
a	O
pillar	O
,	O
roads	O
as	O
a	O
chain	O
,	O
and	O
strongholds	O
as	O
a	O
lock	O
,	O
to	O
carry	O
out	O
siege	O
warfare	O
in	O
an	O
attempt	O
to	O
divide	O
the	O
base	O
areas	O
behind	O
enemy	O
lines	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
so	O
as	O
,	O
er	O
,	O
to	O
cut	O
off	O
their	O
communication	O
with	O
one	O
another	O
.	O

In	O
addition	O
,	O
it	O
relied	O
on	O
this	O
cage	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
to	O
further	O
strengthen	O
its	O
assaults	O
against	O
the	O
base	O
areas	O
.	O

Er	O
.	O

So	O
,	O
it	O
was	O
amidst	O
such	O
a	O
grave	O
international	O
and	O
domestic	O
situation	O
that	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Eighth	I-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
led	O
by	O
the	B-ORGANIZATION
Chinese	I-ORGANIZATION
Communist	I-ORGANIZATION
Party	I-ORGANIZATION
,	O
ah	O
,	O
launched	O
,	O
ah	O
,	O
a	O
strategic	O
offensive	O
called	O
the	B-EVENT
Hundred	I-EVENT
Regiments	I-EVENT
Offensive	I-EVENT
.	O

This	O
plot	O
of	O
the	O
Japanese	B-NORP
army	O
drew	O
great	O
attention	O
from	O
Zhu	B-PERSONNAME
De	I-PERSONNAME
and	O
Peng	B-PERSONNAME
Dehuai	I-PERSONNAME
of	O
Eighth	B-ORGANIZATION
Route	I-ORGANIZATION
Army	I-ORGANIZATION
headquarters	O
.	O

After	O
meticulous	O
studies	O
and	O
painstaking	O
preparations	O
by	O
many	O
parties	O
,	O
a	O
battle	O
plan	O
based	O
on	O
surprise	O
was	O
formulated	O
.	O

