Metadata-Version: 2.0
Name: dacite
Version: 0.0.8
Summary: Simple creation of data classes from dictionaries.
Home-page: https://github.com/konradhalas/dacite
Author: Konrad Hałas
Author-email: halas.konrad@gmail.com
License: MIT
Description-Content-Type: UNKNOWN
Keywords: dataclasses
Platform: UNKNOWN
Classifier: Programming Language :: Python :: 3.6
Requires-Python: >=3.6
Requires-Dist: dataclasses

dacite
======

|Build Status| |License| |Version| |Python versions|

This module simplify creation of data classes (`PEP
557 <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0557/>`__) from dictionaries.

Installation
------------

To install dacite, simply use ``pip`` (or ``pipenv``):

::

    $ pip install dacite

Requirements
------------

Minimum Python version supported by ``dacite`` is 3.6.

Data classes will be available in Python 3.7 as a part of the standard
library, but you can use ``dataclasses`` module now - it's available as
an external package from PyPI. It will be installed automatically as a
``dacite`` dependence.

Quick start
-----------

.. code:: python

    from dataclasses import dataclass
    from dacite import make


    @dataclass
    class User:
        name: str
        age: int
        is_active: bool


    data = {
        'name': 'john',
        'age': 30,
        'is_active': True,
    }

    user = make(data_class=User, data=data)

    assert user == User(name='john', age=30, is_active=True)

Features
--------

Dacite supports following features:

-  nested structures
-  types checking
-  optional fields (i.e. ``typing.Optional``)
-  values casting and transformation
-  remapping of fields names

Motivation
----------

Passing plain dictionaries as a data container between your functions or
methods isn't a good practice. Of course you can always create your
custom class instead, but this solution is an overkill if you only want
to merge a few fields within a single object.

Fortunately Python has a good solution to this problem - data classes.
Thanks to ``@dataclass`` decorator you can easily create a new custom
type with a list of given fields in a declarative manner. Data classes
support type hints by design.

However, even if you are using data classes, you have to create their
instances. In many such cases, your input is a dictionary - it can be a
payload from a HTTP request or a raw data from a database. If you want
to convert those dictionaries into data classes, ``dacite`` is your best
friend.

This library was originally created to simplify creation of type hinted
data transfer objects (DTO) which can cross the boundaries in the
application architecture.

Usage
-----

Dacite is based on a single function - ``dacite.make``. This function
takes 3 parameters:

-  ``data_class`` - data class type
-  ``data`` - dictionary of input data
-  ``config`` (optional)- configuration of the creation process,
   instance of ``dacite.Config`` class

Configuration is a (data) class with following fields:

-  ``rename``
-  ``flattened``
-  ``prefixed``
-  ``cast``
-  ``transform``

The examples below show all features of ``make`` function and usage of
all ``Config`` parameters.

Nested structures
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can pass a data with nested dictionaries and it will create a proper
result.

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str
        y: int


    @dataclass
    class B:
        a: A


    data = {
        'a': {
            'x': 'test',
            'y': 1,
        }
    }

    result = make(data_class=B, data=data)

    assert result == B(a=A(x='test', y=1))

Optional fields
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Whenever your data class has a ``Optional`` field and you will not
provide input data for this field, it will take the ``None`` value.

.. code:: python

    from typing import Optional

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str
        y: Optional[int]


    data = {
        'x': 'test',
    }

    result = make(data_class=A, data=data)

    assert result == A(x='test', y=None)

Multiple inputs
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

If you have multiple input dicts, you can pass a list of dictionaries
instead of a single one as a value of ``data`` argument.

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str
        y: int


    data_1 = {
        'x': 'test',
    }

    data_2 = {
        'y': 1,
    }

    result = make(data_class=A, data=[data_1, data_2])

    assert result == A(x='test', y=1)

Rename
~~~~~~

If you want to change the name of your input field, you can use
``Config.rename`` argument. You have to pass dictionary with a following
mapping: ``{'data_class_field': 'input_field'}``

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str


    data = {
        'y': 'test',
    }

    result = make(data_class=A, data=data, config=Config(rename={'x': 'y'}))

    assert result == A(x='test')

Flattened
~~~~~~~~~

You often receive a flat structure which you want to convert to
something more sophisticated. In this case you can use
``Config.flattened`` argument. You have to pass list of flattened
fields.

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str
        y: int


    @dataclass
    class B:
        a: A
        z: float


    data = {
        'x': 'test',
        'y': 1,
        'z': 2.0,
    }

    result = make(data_class=B, data=data, config=Config(flattened=['a']))

    assert result == B(a=A(x='test', y=1), z=2.0)

Prefixed
~~~~~~~~

Sometimes your data are prefixed instead of nested. To handle this case,
you have to use ``Config.prefixed`` argument, just pass a following
mapping: ``{'data_class_field': 'prefix'}``

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str
        y: int


    @dataclass
    class B:
        a: A
        z: float


    data = {
        'a_x': 'test',
        'a_y': 1,
        'z': 2.0,
    }

    result = make(data_class=B, data=data, config=Config(prefixed={'a': 'a_'}))

    assert result == B(a=A(x='test', y=1), z=2.0)

Casting
~~~~~~~

Input values are not casted by default. If you want to use field type
information to transform input value from one type to another, you have
to pass given field name as an element of the ``Config.cast`` argument
list.

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str


    data = {
        'x': 1,
    }

    result = make(data_class=A, data=data, config=Config(cast=['x']))

    assert result == A(x='1')

Transformation
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

You can use ``Config.transform`` argument if you want to transform the
input data into the new value. You have to pass a following mapping:
``{'data_class_field': callable}``, where ``callable`` is a
``Callable[[Any], Any]``.

.. code:: python

    @dataclass
    class A:
        x: str


    data = {
        'x': 'TEST',
    }

    result = make(data_class=A, data=data, config=Config(transform={'x': str.lower}))

    assert result == A(x='test')

.. |Build Status| image:: https://travis-ci.org/konradhalas/dacite.svg?branch=master
   :target: https://travis-ci.org/konradhalas/dacite
.. |License| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/l/dacite.svg
   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dacite/
.. |Version| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/dacite.svg
   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dacite/
.. |Python versions| image:: https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/dacite.svg
   :target: https://pypi.python.org/pypi/dacite/


