for religion, loyalty to the King, and desire for law and order. Unfortunately, peaceful reform was not to be the fate of France. Plans for violent revolution were already far advanced by what was to become known as the Orleaniste Conspiracy. The principal character in the Orleaniste Conspiracy was the Duke of Orleans, a nobleman of great wealth who had been recruited into the Iluminati by Mirabeau. Lured into supporting the Revolution by the hope of attaining the throne in place of his cousin, Louis XVI, and driven by his hatred of the Queen, Marie Antoinette, the Duke of Orleans became a most willing tool of the conspiracy. Though hailed as "the idol of Paris," the Duke of Orleans was actually loathed and despised by the people. This was partly due to his low moral character and partly to his disdain for the people. It was no small task for the party that supported him to convince the people that the man who treated them with insolence had become their champion of liberty. The election of the Duke of Orleans to Grand Master success of the IIuminati's plan (plotted by Mirabeau) to infiltrate Freemasonry and to use it as a base of operations in promoting violent revolution. Out of these Masonic lodges in France came the organization known 37 The French Revolution of the Masonic Order in France was the crowning