the as the Jacobin Clubs. These clubs provided the leadership for the events of the French Revolution. In the beginning and throughout the Revolution, a campaign of vilification was carried out against the King and Queen, the priests and nobles. These vilifications took the part of both written slanders and oral harangues calculated to stir up class hatred among the people. This form of propaganda was simply the implementation of the big lie technique. In addition to propaganda, it was necessary to create a crisis to contribute to the restlessness of the people. This was accomplished by the agents of the Duke of Orleans buying up the grain supplies and withholding them from the people. By this means the threat of famine faced the people and the cry of "bread" was added to the cry of liberty and equality. To add to the agitation of the people, the scarcity of grain was blamed on the King and Nobles as monopolizers. Throughout the Revolution this tactic — of always blaming your enemy for what you are doing — was used. But in order to start the blood of the revolution flowing it was necessary to go a step farther, the hiring of criminals and ruffians. These brigands from the South of France and Italy, known as the Marseillais, began flocking into Paris in the spring of 1789. Men of ferrous appearance, they carried thick knotted sticks and made up the hard core of the major uprisings that were to follow. 38 The Secret Side of History as the Jacobin Clubs. These clubs